Literatura académica sobre el tema "Supply chain agreement"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Supply chain agreement"
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Faggioni, Francesca, Marco Valerio Rossi y Andrea Sestino. "Supply Chain Resilience in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Qualitative Analysis from Scholarly and Managerial Perspectives". International Journal of Business and Management 18, n.º 1 (26 de enero de 2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n1p129.
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This paper aims to collect evidence from Global Supply Chains (SCs) actors in the pharmaceutical sector to understand how they define a resilient supply chain and what are the main resilience elements useful to measure the degree of resilience of a supply chain considering the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic period. In doing so, our purpose is to make a comparison between the two categories and uncover on which supply chain resilience-related topics there is agreement or not. Through a qualitative research design, a two-round focus group was conducted with supply chain players that represent different nodes along the chain (e.g., as for supplier, manufacturers, service providers, CMO). Key findings, related to the conducted discussions among the focus group, show how managers appreciate and agree comprehensive supply chain resilience definitions provided by extant literature. Nonetheless, although there is a general agreement on some recent definitions, managers asserted that some key resilience elements are currently missing in those definitions, regarding human resources and technology roles in enhancing the resilience of supply chains. In addition, supply chain resilience elements considered most important by managers of the pharmaceutical supply chain are adaptability, flexibility, agility, and collaboration.
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Chen, Liang Tu. "Collaborative Pricing and Service Level for a Supply Chain". Advanced Materials Research 629 (diciembre de 2012): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.920.
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This study aims at dealing with the collaborative pricing and service level joint decision problem for a supply chain with one supplier and one buyer in a multi-period finite horizon. The study derives analytic solutions under wholesale-price-only and consignment agreements for the decentralized supply chain with shortages allowed and completely backlogged. The analysis shows that the consignment agreement can significantly achieve higher channel-wide profit and service level than the wholesale-price-only agreement.
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Rojas Palacios, Margy Nathalia, Diego León Peña Orozco y Jesús Gonzalez-Feliu. "Backup Agreement as a Coordination Mechanism in a Decentralized Fruit Chain in a Developing Country". Games 13, n.º 3 (29 de abril de 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g13030036.
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This paper aims to analyze the impacts of a backup agreement contract on the performance of a small agricultural producers’ citrus supply chain. A backup agreement contract, which ensures for each echelon that a quantity of products will be bought independently of real demand, is proposed to coordinate a three-echelon supply chain, aimed at improving income. After presenting an overview of the literature that shows various coordination mechanisms but no backup agreement proposals for supply chain coordination, this paper develops a decentralized three-echelon supply chain facing stochastic customer demand and includes the backup agreement as a coordination mechanism to guarantee a balanced relationship between the chain members. The model is tested in a real case study in Colombia, and a sensitivity analysis is provided. Results show that a backup agreement contract coordinates the small agricultural producers’ supply chain and improves income for each echelon, especially for the small producer. However, the economic mechanism complexity can limit coordination among echelons, mainly because of a lack of trust and consolidated supply capacity from small farmers. The foregoing requires the development of an associative structure by small producers, which is proposed as future research work.
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Susanawati, Yuli Tri Novita Sari, Muhammad Fauzan y Juwaidah Sharifuddin. "Supply chain management of red chili based on the food supply chain network in Yogyakarta Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131601010.
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This study aims to describe the relationship structure of the red chili supply chain from Kulonprogo to Jakarta and analyze the supply chain management of red chili based on the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN). A sampling of red chili farmers was carried out in stages, obtaining 80 people. Meanwhile, the sampling of chain actors after farmers used the snowball sampling technique, resulting in 68 people. The supply chain relationship structure of red chili was analyzed descriptively, whereas supply chain management of red chili was analyzed using an FSCN approach. The results revealed that the red chili supply chain structure was formed by three chains consisting of eight actors. All chain actors entered into an unwritten agreement, except for actors in the auction markets. The transaction system employed the scale and payment methods with a delay system. In addition, government support was only provided in the upstream sub-system. Supply chain collaboration that occurred was the mutual openness and reciprocal relationship. The majority of chain actors had utilized communication media of mobile phones, although few of them made transactions by coming directly to the purchase location. The material communicated was related to price, quality, quantity, and time of payment.
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Rosadi, Sri Hardianti, Fitry Purnamasari y Hasnah Hasnah. "ANALYSIS OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF CAYENNE PEPPER IN SOUTH SULAWESI". Agribusiness Journal 4, n.º 1 (21 de octubre de 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/aj.v4i1.1535.
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This study aims analyzing supplay chain maps and activities in the cayenne pepper inSouth Sulawesi. This research was conducted in Enrekang Regency with the number ofrespondents as many as 5 farmers and traders. This study uses the is qualitativeresearch with naturalistic research methods which are natural research. The resultsshowed that Supply chain mechanism for cayenne pepper in South Sulawesi, startingfrom the flow of products from farmers, village collectors, wholesalers, inter-islandtraders to retailers. The flow of information on the supply chain of cayenne pepper iswell integrated between actors in the supply chain, while the flow of money occurs inaccordance with the agreement of actors in the supply chain. And Supply chain activitiesconsist of two actors in the supply chain, namely the main and supporting actors. Themain actors consist of farmers, village collectors, wholesalers, inter-city traders andretailers. Meanwhile, the supporting actors consist of agricultural extension agents,farmer groups, the Agriculture Service, Agribusiness Sub-Terminal, farmer shops, farmlaborers, inter-island traders, and consumers.
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Bingzhang, Li y Vladimir Zirianov. "Blockchain in agricultural supply chain management". E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308029.
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The problem of minimizing the number of intermediaries in the supply chain is long overdue in the logistics industry. How to carry out logistics operations without the participation of a large number of intermediaries, whose main task is to guarantee the transaction and document flow? Is this possible with Blockchain technology? While this technology is still evolving, there are still many challenges that remain to be addressed. One of the main challenges in implementing this technology in logistics is to reach agreement on its use among all stakeholders. When interaction between different stakeholders in the supply chain with different interests is achieved, then the full potential of this technology to improve the efficiency of logistics processes will be revealed. This will facilitate the emergence of new business models and processes in global trade logistics and increase transparency in the supply chain. Smart contracts with embedded business rules promise not only to reduce transaction costs but to create more agile value chains that enable closer cooperation.
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Ahmed Khamis al Naqbi, Rashid, Rosman Bin MD Yusoff y Fadillah Binti Ismail. "Supply Chain integration and Sustainable supply chain performance: A case of Manufacturing firms from UAE". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 4.7 (27 de septiembre de 2018): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.23041.
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Sustainability is becoming a more important factor in the processes of organizations. Supply chains management (SCM) has acknowledged a great deal of interest by researchers and practitioners. The primary objective of the current research paper is to examine the relationship between internal integration and sustainable supply chain performance. In addition to that, the study has focused on the mediating effect of supplier integration and customer integration in the relationship between key between internal integration and sustainable supply chain performance. The study focuses on manufacturing enterprises of UAE under subject investigation and its relationship with sustainability goals. A detailed literature has been reviewed critically to develop the hypothesis of the study. A questionnaire survey was adopted to collect data from supply chain managers of manufacturing companies. Smart PLS 3 (SEM) is used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study have shown a great deal of agreement with the proposed hypothesis. Analysis of the study is divided into two major parts. Part one is based on an outer model assessment in which reliability and validity were examined. The second part is based on an inner model assessment in which hypotheses were tested. The result of the study will be useful for policymakers and researchers in understanding the emerging role of environmental concerns in strategic management and operational management.
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Kozák, Tamás y Éva Fenyvesi. "New application of game theory in supply chain management". Multidiszciplináris kihívások, sokszínű válaszok, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33565/mksv.2022.01.04.
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Game theory has become an essential tool in the analysis of supply chains with multiple players who often have different interests. In this study, we use the game theory to examine the possibility of decision optimization and achieving equilibrium in the operation of the supply chain. Our goal is to determine the optimal agreement between the wholesaler and the retailer(s) to minimize the total cost in the supply chain in the given situation. The research method used in the study enriches the literature on the topic by linking the minimization of costs not to abstract evaluation metrics but to the stock order item size often calculated in real business as well. This facilitates the interpretation of the strategies and decision motivations used by the members of the supply chain.
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Haryono, Haryono y Dwi Iryaning Handayani. "Pemodelan Sistem Traceability Halal Supply Chain dalam menjaga Integritas Produk Makanan Halal Dengan Pendekatan Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)". PROZIMA (Productivity, Optimization and Manufacturing System Engineering) 2, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/prozima.v2i2.2196.
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Fraud of fake halal label products does not open halal production processes about the supply chain from upstream to downstream. Therefore, in product integrity agreements, it is necessary to implement traceability in the food supply chain as an effective tool in ensuring product halalness and ensuring food products are safe. Therefore, this study tries to make a model of halal Supply Chain Traceability in the integrity agreement of halal food products. The method used in modeling the halal supply chain traceability system using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Elements of a halal supply chain tracking system, in addition to halal procurement, halal manufacturing, halal logistics, halal distribution, supplier traceability, producer traceability, logistics traceability, distribution traceability. ISM Modeling results in the integration of halal products are located in Quadran IV Driver Power with halal manufacturing, producer traceability, supplier traceability, Quadran III Strong-Very Driver Depends on Variables (Linkage), Traceability system elements of the halal supply chain that are in accordance with this Quadran will be sought integrity of halal products and has strong advantages as a driver, this quadrant contains halal procurement, traceability distribution, halal logistics. Whereas the halal supply chain traceability system that is not related to the integrity of halal products comes in. Quadran II Driver Power namely: halal logistics and distribution traceability.
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Anastasiadis, Foivos, Ioanna Apostolidou y Anastasios Michailidis. "Food Traceability: A Consumer-Centric Supply Chain Approach on Sustainable Tomato". Foods 10, n.º 3 (5 de marzo de 2021): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030543.
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Technological advances result in new traceability configurations that, however, cannot always secure transparency and food safety. Even in cases where a system guarantees transparency, the actual consumer involvement and a real consumer-based perspective cannot always be ensured. The importance of such consumer centricity is vital, since it is strongly associated with effective supply chains that properly fulfil their end-users’ needs and requests. Thus, the objective of this paper was to explore the level of consumer centricity in food supply chains under a traceability system. The methodological approach employed a framework of two studies validating subsequently a similar set of variables, using initially consumers data and then supply chain actors data. The supply chain of sustainable tomato was selected to design the studies. The level of agreement between datasets suggested the level of the supply chain consumer centricity. Findings showed health, trust, quality, nutrition, and safety-related values to be significant for the consumers towards accepting a traceability system. The supply chain actors also accepted a traceability system based on the fact that their customers’ needs rely on the exact same beliefs, indicating a high level of consumer centricity. The current work underlines the magnitude of consumer centricity in food supply chains and provides an easy and straightforward framework for its exploration. Key implications suggest the design of more effective supply chain and consumer-based strategies for the food industry. Policymakers could also adopt the concept of consumer centricity to further improve the food industry.
Tesis sobre el tema "Supply chain agreement"
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Furuhata, Masabumi. "E-market mechanism design for supply chain management". Thesis, View thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/45409.
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This thesis investigates the problem of market mechanism design for supply chain management and e-marketplace development. Instead of viewing a market as an isolated entity, we consider each market to be a part of a supply chain and study the effects of interactions between different markets in the supply chain. We focus on three important issues in relation to market mechanism design and investigate them using a variety of approaches, such as game-theoretic, strategic and experimental methods. Capacity allocation has been a research topic in management science and operations research for several years, dealing with imbalance between supply and demand in a market. In recent years, this topic, known as resource allocation, has become an active research area in computer science. The first issue we consider is how to design market mechanisms for capacity allocation. We deal with capacity allocation problems in a supply chain model rather than in a single market. Based on this model, we examine the game-theoretic properties of allocation mechanisms, such as efficiency, profit maximising, and truth-telling, with respect to quantity competition and price competition in a related market of the supply chain. We prove that a few typical allocation mechanisms that have been generally used in industry are sensitive to supply chain settings. For instance, proportional allocation is no longer a Pareto optimal allocation mechanism in our supply chain model in contrast to the results in the existing researches that deal with monopolistic downstream markets. There are two reasons for this. The first reason is that competition in our supply chain model makes retailers submit greater orders than the quantities that maximises the total retailer profit. The second reason is that proportional allocation does not strictly prioritise allocations to the best performing retailers. As a result, this allocation mechanism does not maximise the total retailer profit. In order to achieve Pareto optimality, we propose max-max allocation that strictly prioritises the greater orders. We prove that this allocation mechanism satisfies Pareto optimality in our competitive supply chain model. However, under this allocation mechanism, we show that retailers inflate orders. This phenomenon is known as bullwhip effect in supply chains which leads inaccurate transmission of order information. In order to prevent order inflation, we design a new allocation mechanism, capped-allocation, which assigns maximum allocation quantity prior to order submission. In addition to analyse how supply chain settings influence properties of allocation mechanisms, we undertake equilibrium analysis that shows how allocation mechanisms influence market behaviour in supply chains. We prove that order quantities are greater under proportional allocation than the ones under uniform allocation. Under price competition, proportional allocation leads higher market price than uniform allocation. A key reason is that strict imbalance of allocation leads higher market prices and proportional allocation tends to allocate heterogeneously. The second issue we investigate is design of market mechanisms for online markets. Typical market participants in online markets are loosely connected even though online market owners require their business partners such as sellers. In order to bind these market participants, we introduce an approach to the modelling of online markets as supply chains, in which a coordination mechanism is applied to the market between the online market owner and the sellers. We examine a set of coordination mechanisms based on fixed-fee contracts, revenue-sharing contracts, and profit-sharing contracts in relation to different marketing strategies, such as advertisement. We prove that the fixed-fee contract achieves coordination while the revenue-sharing contract does not achieve coordination if we do not consider the effect of advertisement.
These results are opposed to the existing researches in traditional intermediaries. A key reason is that online market owners do not deal with transactional costs, in contrast to the transactional intermediaries. Therefore, revenue-sharing may charge more than the coordinated case. We design a new online market contact based on the idea of profit-sharing and prove that it achieves coordination between online market owners and sellers with advertisement. This contract shares both revenue and cost between these parties. Finally, we explore the problem of market mechanism design using autonomous trading agents. We introduce a formal representation of market policies, such as accepting policies, charging policies, pricing policies and matching policies, based on double auction mechanisms. By utilising the Market Design Game platform for the Trading Agent Competition (TAC), we analyse how specific market policies influence market behaviour of specific types of autonomous trading agents using experimental methods. We design a range of market policies and test them with three types of trading agents: random, learning and human-like bidding agents. We find that market performance, such as the profit of market makers, allocation efficiency and transaction volume, improves with time. The experiments also show that the periodic clearing policy gives market makers greater profits than the continuous clearing for all three types of trading agents we use. However, for learning and human-like bidding agents, the continuous clearing policy is preferable to the periodic clearing policy because it can improve allocation efficiency and transaction volume. Based on this experimental approach, we design and implement our market mechanism. This mechanism has been tested and proved as a robust, efficient and effective market mechanism as a winner of the tenth Trading Agent Competition in Market Design.
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Krieger, Sören, Jérémy Bellina, Olegs Bodins y Mathilde Olivier. "Managing upstream supply chain in order to decrease inventory level : A case study on the paper merchant Papyrus Sweden". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27636.
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Business Administration, Business Process and Supply Chain Management Degree Project (master), 15 higher education points, 4FE06E, Spring 2013 Authors: Jeremy Bellina, Olegs Bodins, Soeren Krieger and Mathilde Olivier Tutor: Roger Stokkedal Title: Managing Upstream Supply Chain in Order to Decrease Inventory Level: A Case Study on the Paper Merchant Papyrus Sweden. Background: The research is based on Papyrus Sweden, a paper merchant, which is facing a decrease in the demand of paper products. It was identified that inventory level reduction is now crucial for the company in order to stay in the market. Therefore, Papyrus Sweden is focused on inventory level and tied-up capital reduction in order to decrease costs and increase net profit. Purpose: This thesis aims to analyze the current situation in Papyrus Sweden in terms of inventory level and activities related to suppliers, and prepare recommendations which could help Papyrus Sweden to reduce its inventory level. Method: The data has been collected through interviews with managers from the supply chain department as well as through a data sample from Papyrus Sweden database given to the researchers. All data was analyzed and compared with the literature review. Data received from the database was processed and transformed in Microsoft Excel in order to make the analysis. Results: The analysis identifies issues in material planning methods, safety stock calculation, ABC-XYZ classification and forecast calculation, on which Papyrus Sweden could act in order to decrease its inventory level. Furthermore, the researchers identify two solutions Papyrus Sweden could implement with its suppliers in order to reduce inventory level which are a Service Level Agreement and a Vendor Managed Inventory system. Keywords: inventory level, material planning method, safety stock, ABC-XYZ classification, forecast calculation, replenishment lead time, supplier relationship, information sharing, Service Level Agreement (SLA), Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) and Collaborative planning, forecast and replenishment system (CPFR).
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Gao, Lily y Emelie Johansson. "Orsaker till livsmedelsförluster och livsmedelsavfall längs med värdekedjor av nötkött och potatis : Ett samverkande angreppssätt för att förebygga dess uppkomst". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298219.
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Ungefär en tredjedel av all mat som produceras runt om i världen går förlorad eller slängs, vilket resulterar i negativ påverkan på klimat och miljö, ekonomiska förluster samt bortfall av mat som annars kunnat tillgodose människor med mat. Att förebygga matsvinn har således flera positiva synergieffekter, men det behövs mer kunskap om orsaker till varför det uppstår samt ett fortsatt arbete för att företag, myndigheter och organisationer gemensamt ska kunna arbeta med svinnproblematiken. Ett aktivt samarbete mellan aktörer i livsmedelskedjan har internationellt och nationellt lyfts som viktiga förutsättningar för att kunna minska matsvinnet. I Sverige startades i fjol den frivilliga överenskommelsen Samarbete för minskat matsvinn (SAMS). Detta examensarbete ämnar att kartlägga var matsvinnet uppkommer i värdekedjor för två livsmedel, nötkött och potatis, samt identifiera orsaker till varför det uppstår. Vidare syftar rapporten till att bistå SAMS i sitt fortsatta arbete för att minska matsvinn genom att identifiera möjliga förebyggande åtgärder till de identifierade orsakerna. Tillvägagångssättet bestod av fyra huvuddelar: kartläggning av värdekedjan och dess förluster, hotspot-analys för att identifiera orsaker som SAMS kan påverka och som bidrar till stora mängder svinn, rotorsaksanalys för att identifiera rotorsaker och till sist lösningsplanering för att föreslå förebyggande åtgärder. Arbetet genomfördes via en systematisk litteraturstudie, semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktörer i livsmedelskedjan samt workshop-tillfällen med SAMS-medlemmar. Resultaten visar att flertalet orsaker uppstår i minst två av leden i värdekedjorna och att orsaker kopplade till nötkött och potatis inom primärproduktionen och industrin skiljer sig från varandra. Samtidigt har orsaker kopplade till de senare leden av värdekedjorna från grossist och framåt mer liknande karaktär, som till exempel utgånget hållbarhetsdatum. Av de kartlagda orsakerna gjordes en bedömning kring orsaker som har stor påverkan samt orsaker som kan påverkas av ett samarbete mellan aktörer, vilket resulterade i hotspot-orsaker. För både nötkött och potatis erhölls 17 hotspot- orsaker som analyserades vidare i en rotorsaksanalys med hjälp av fiskbensdiagram. Utifrån fiskbensdiagrammen och vilka orsaker som var vanligt förekommande under arbetets gång applicerades fem-varför-metoden på orsaker kopplade till utgånget hållbarhetsdatum. Sju rotorsaker identifierades vilka berör avtal, förpackningar, riktlinjer, förvaring, kundpreferenser och beställningar. Lösningsförslagen adresserar förändrade avtal och förpackningar, underlättning av nedfrysningsmöjligheter, medvetandegörande av konsument, samt förändrad förvaring i butik och beställningsrutiner. Det visade sig att många rotorsaker grundar sig i flera hotspot-orsaker vilket indikerar att åtgärderna som föreslås har potential att förebygga fler hotspot-orsaker än utgånget hållbarhetsdatum.Nearly one third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally, which results in negative impact on the environment and climate, economic losses and people who are undernourished. Therefore, preventing food losses and food waste has several positive synergy effects. However more knowledge is needed regarding the causes of losses and waste as well as continued work for companies, authorities and organizations to be able to work effectively with the waste problem. Active cooperation between stakeholders in the food supply chain has proven to be one of four important prerequisites for successful work to reduce food waste. In Sweden, a voluntary agreement called Samarbete för minskat matsvinn, SAMS was initiated last year. This thesis aims to map where food losses and waste arise in the value chain of two products, beef and potatoes, and to identify causes why it occurs. Furthermore, the report aims to contribute to SAMS in their continued work to reduce food losses and waste by identifying opportunities to prevent the identified causes. The aim is answered through an approach that consists of four parts: mapping the value chain and its losses, hotspot analysis to identify causes SAMS can impact and that contribute to the most wastage, root cause analysis to get down to the root causes and lastly solution generation to propose preventive measures. The study was carried out through extensive literature review and interviews, as well as workshops. The results show that most causes occur in at least two of the links in the value chain, whereas the causes for beef and potatoes differ within the primary production and industries. Meanwhile, causes within retailers and forward towards the value chain are of similar characteristics. Of the identified causes, an assessment was made of which have a major impact and can be improved by SAMS, resulting in hotspot causes. For both beef and potatoes, 17 causes were obtained which were further analyzed in root case analysis using fishbone diagrams. Based on the fishbone diagrams and often occured causes during the work process, the five-why method was applied to causes correlated to expiration date. Seven root causes were identified which are related to contracts, packaging, guidelines, storage, customer preferences, and orders. Solution proposals presented to the root causes encompass contract changes, packaging solutions, freezing options, changing consumers’ behaviors, storage opportunities and different ordering routines. It showed that many root causes are based on several hotspot causes, which indicates that the proposed solutions have potential to prevent several causes than only passed expiration date.
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Mendes, João Múcio Amado. "Responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida do produto na cadeia de resíduos eletroeletrônicos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-01122015-142705/.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na análise jurídica da responsabilidade compartilhada pelo ciclo de vida do produto (RCCVP) e suas principais implicações na cadeia de resíduos eletroeletrônicos, no contexto brasileiro da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, instituída pela Lei Federal n. 12.305/2010 (PNRS). A análise desenvolvida compreendeu os principais deveres relacionados à prevenção de resíduos e à logística reversa, com um enfoque especial na gestão integrada de resíduos eletroeletrônicos. Baseada nos princípios do poluidor-pagador, da cooperação, da prevenção e da precaução, a RCCVP impõe à cadeia de suprimentos a priorização de medidas de prevenção e redução de resíduos por meio de uma concepção ecológica (ecodesign) para produtos e embalagens, bem como pelo reaproveitamento de materiais residuais como insumos, seja em seu próprio ciclo, seja em outros ciclos produtivos, inclusive mediante sistemas de logística reversa e coleta seletiva, estendendo a responsabilidade do berço ao berço e flertando com um modelo econômico circular. Com vistas a desestimular a estratégia da obsolescência planejada de qualidade, a relevante informação sobre o tempo de vida útil de cada produto durável, em especial a dos eletroeletrônicos, deverá ser ampla e obrigatoriamente prestada pela cadeia produtiva, para que os consumidores, uma vez informados e esclarecidos sobre a sua durabilidade objetivamente aferida, tenham condições reais de exercer, na prática, o seu direito e ao mesmo tempo dever de efetuar escolhas de consumo (ou desconsumo), da maneira mais consciente possível, inclusive sob a perspectiva ecológica. No momento, encontra-se em andamento no país o processo de construção de acordo setorial de abrangência nacional para implementação da logística reversa de eletroeletrônicos de uso doméstico, inclusive os provenientes do setor de telefonia móvel.The aim of this work was the legal analysis of product lifecycle shared responsibility and its implications in the supply chain of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), within the scope of the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy, established by Federal Law 12,305/2010. The analysis encompassed the main duties related to waste prevention and reverse logistics, with a particular focus on the WEEE integrated management. Based on the principles of polluter pays, cooperation, prevention and precaution, the product lifecycle shared responsibility requires the supply chain to prioritize waste prevention and reduction measures through an eco-design approach for products and packaging, as well as the reuse of waste materials as inputs, either in its own cycle, or in other production cycles, including through reverse logistics systems and selective collection, extending responsibility \"cradle to cradle\" and flirting with a circular economic model. In order to discourage the planned obsolescence strategy, the relevant information about the lifetime of each durable product, especially of electronics, should be comprehensive and mandatorily provided by the production chain, so that consumers, once informed and enlightened about its durability objectively measured, have actual ability to exercise in practice their right and duty at the same time to make consumer choices (or non-consumption), the most sensible way possible, even from the ecological point of view. Procedure for implementation of consumer WEEE take-back systems with a national scope, through preparation of Sector Agreement, is currently in progress in Brazil, including those from mobile industry.
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Paez, Salamanca Gustavo Nicolas. "Three essays on economic inequality". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/285172.
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This PhD dissertation studies how market structures and economic incentives transform heterogeneity at agent levels into unequal economic outcomes. The first chapter studies the economic incentives that lead a country to specialise its production in specific segments of a supply chain, and how these incentives transform heterogeneity at the productivity level into wage differences between countries. This chapter presents an innovative framework that incorporates production networks to the Ricardian trade model. It describes the price formation mechanism that occurs along supply chains and how it induces countries to focus on the production of specific goods. Moreover, the model highlights the role of the network structure in the determination of prices, and uses it to explain how changes in the productivity of a country have consequences in the production decisions and wages of the other countries that produce goods in the supply chain. The second chapter studies the effects that the heterogeneity of income flows has over the implementation of collective agreements. Collective agreements are the primary mechanism by which communities cope with market failures. However, the lack of enforcement mechanisms generates coordination challenges. This chapter presents a theoretical framework that studies how inequality among individuals affects the participation incentives of the individuals and explains why agreements that balance the rent-seeking behaviour of wealthy individuals with the redistribution interests of the poor reduce the adverse effects of heterogeneity, and can even use it to create more robust agreements. The third chapter studies heterogeneity at the level of academic journals. This chapter models the interaction between authors and journals as a platform market and uses this model to explain how general interest journals compete against field-specific journals. The model provides new insights into the way in which general interest journals link the different publication incentives of journals across fields. The theoretical results explain why general interest journals tend to attract higher quality publications and how changes in the publication capacity of a journal, or the volume of research in a field, can affect the quality of ideas published in both field-specific and general interest journals. Finally, this chapter applies the previous theoretical results to understand how the Top 5 journals in economics obtained their central role, and how their influence has changed between 1980 and the present.
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Hsieh, Tsung-Han y 謝宗翰. "The impact of negotiating agreement implicating in green supply chain management system". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45160552768233981181.
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碩士國立交通大學
交通運輸研究所
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The concept of negotiation has been widely studied and implemented in the fields with international affairs or global trade issues. Different negotiation mechanisms will directly result in different consequences depending on which strategy that participates conduct. This study firstly introduces various of negotiation theories based on the perspective of different science fields, understanding how to facilitate the negotiation process and make it sustainable. The core spirit of this study aims at constructing an applicable negotiation mechanism which could be implemented in real industry case. The concept of our model is inspired from the study of labor unit bargaining which propose in facilitating the cooperation in a supply chain. Therefore, we constructed a three-stage game which integrated the concept of green supply chain, including government, reversed-logistic suppliers and final-goods manufacturers. By solving the negotiation problem between revered-logistic suppliers and final-goods manufacturers, we can further infer the equilibrium results of price and quantity in terms of recycling raw material as well as government’s optimal environmental involvement approach. However, the most essential part of this study is to understand how the participants would perform their strategy in different negotiation scenario. In the result, we discovered that bargaining power and the type of game that negotiation follows would obviously impact the result of price and quantity. If the reversed-logistic supplier has higher bargaining power, it is more difficult for the manufacturer to conduct expanding strategy which further restricts the total profit of this green supply chain and vice versa when its bargaining power is sufficiently low.
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Lee, Chaehwa. "On Integrating Theories of International Economics in the Strategic Planning of Global Supply Chains and Dynamic Supply Chain Reconfiguration with Capacity Expansion and Contraction". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-12-10207.
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This dissertation discusses two independent topics. The first part of the dissertation relates three theories of international economics (comparative advantage, competitive advantage, and competitiveness), and formulates the thesis that incorporating them in the form of readily available individual competitiveness indicators in OR/MS models offers promise to enhance decision-support for the strategic planning of global supply chains in general, and for locating facilities in particular. The objectives of this research were to relate each of these theories and to describe their interrelationships; to describe measures provided by two well-known annual competitiveness reports; and to illustrate application of the theories as a means of supporting the thesis of the research, and justifying the research questions we pose for future research. While this research discusses topics relative to the broader background of global supply chain design, it illustrates applications associated with facility location, a component of the global supply chain design. In the last chapter of the first part of the dissertation, we provide a vision to foster future research that will enhance the profitability of international enterprises under NAFTA.
The second part of the dissertation deals with the DSCR model with capacity expansion and contraction. The strategic dynamic supply chain reconfiguration (DSCR) problem is to prescribe the location and capacity of each facility, select links used for transportation, and plan material flows through the supply chain, including production, inventory, backorder, and outsourcing levels. The objective is to minimize total cost. The configuration must be dynamically redesigned over time to accommodate changing trends in demand and/or costs by opening facilities, expanding and/or contracting their capacities, and closing facilities. The problem involves a multi-period, multi-product, multi-echelon supply chain. Research objectives are alternative formulations of DSCR and tests that identify the computational characteristics of each model to determine if one offers superior solvability in comparison with the others. To achieve the first objective, we present an initial MIP model, a refined model that relates decision variables according to a convenient structure, and branch and price (B&P) schemes for the refined model. We found that the network-based formulation offered superior solvability compared to the traditional formulation.
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Yung-ChenHsu y 徐永臻. "A Study on Contractual Agreement in Supply Chains of Fresh Products". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58970842351164933217.
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Xu, Xiaohui Gilbert Stephen M. "Managing vertical and horizontal supply chain relationships in the absence of formal contracts". 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/2196/xux35819.pdf.
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Zhang, Xueyi. "Using forecast updates and risk-sharing agreements in a three-echelon supply chain". 2005. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-992/index.html.
Texto completoLibros sobre el tema "Supply chain agreement"
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Barndt, Deborah. Women working the NAFTA food chain: Women, food & globalization. Toronto: Second Story Press, 1999.
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Wezenbeek, Gijs van. International framework agreements and fundamental social rights: Are international framework agreements an effective instrument for ensuring (core) labour standards throughout global supply chains? Zutphen: Paris Legal Publishers, 2009.
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Wezenbeek, Gijs van. International framework agreements and fundamental social rights: Are international framework agreements an effective instrument for ensuring (core) labour standards throughout global supply chains? Zutphen: Paris Legal Publishers, 2009.
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Kingsbury, Benedict, David M. Malone, Paul Mertenskötter, Richard B. Stewart, Thomas Streinz y Atsushi Sunami, eds. Megaregulation Contested. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825296.001.0001.
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The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) of 2018 is the most far-reaching “megaregional” economic agreement in force. Japan, the largest economy among the eleven signatory countries, played a leading role in bringing CPTPP into being and in the decision largely to preserve in its provisions the stamp of the original US involvement before the Trump-era reversal. The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is the first instance of “megaregulation”: a demanding combination of inter-state economic ordering and national regulatory governance on a highly ambitious substantive and transregional scale. Its text and ambition have influenced other negotiations ranging from the Japan–EU Economic Partnership Agreement (JEEPA) and the US–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) to the projected Pan-Asian Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). This book provides an extensive analysis of TPP as a megaregulatory project for channeling and managing new pressures of globalization, and of core critical arguments made against economic megaregulation from standpoints of development, inequality, labor rights, environmental interests, corporate capture, and elite governance. Specialized chapters cover supply chains, digital economy, trade facilitation, intellectual property, currency levels, competition and state-owned enterprises, government procurement, investment, prescriptions for national regulation, and the TPP institutions. Country studies include detailed analyses of TPP-related politics and approaches in Japan, Mexico, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, and Thailand. Contributors include leading practitioners and scholars in law, economics, and political science. At a time when the World Trade Organization (WTO) and other global-scale institutions are struggling with economic nationalism and geopolitics, and bilateral and regional agreements are pressed by public disagreement and incompatibility with digital and capital and value chain flows, the megaregional ambition of TPP is increasingly important as a precedent requiring the close scrutiny this book presents.
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Sharpe, Samantha, Katarina Veem, Karina Kallio, Fernandez Martinez y Cristina Maria. Opportunities for a Just Transition to environmental sustainability and COVID-19 recovery in the textile and garment sector in Asia. International Labour Office, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/qcrr8620.
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The impact of COVID-19 on the textile and garment sector in Asian countries has been and continues to be immense, and may last for a very long time. While countries in the West are emerging from the pandemic with some optimism that life will soon return to pre-pandemic levels, new COVID-19 outbreaks in Asia are pushed back hopes for a recovery in 2021 and the health and mental effects in communities are challenging pre-pandemic achievements related to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the textile and garment sector, specifically the employment and enterprise impacts, and contextualizes these within the wider development impacts of the sector – social, economic and environmental; both positive and negative – to ask the question: how sustainable is the sector? A Just Transition for the garment industry in Asia is critical as the sector seeks to recover from the impacts of COVID-19. This recovery comes also in a critical decade of action for achieving the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals, both of which will also alter the future of work in the sector. The pandemic has highlighted that vulnerability is not equally shared across the supply chain, so too for carbon emissions, with emissions concentrating in specific production activities, and these activities geographically concentrated in certain hot-spots – areas that are both highly reliant on the textile and garment sector, but also highly vulnerable to supply chain disruptions and other impacts on the sector. This creates a strong spatial dimension to the need for planning for a Just Transition in the industry; hot spots in local areas can be turned into opportunities for accelerated community action to “build back better”.
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Karl, Joachim. The Treatment of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in International Investment Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198795650.003.0010.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of almost all economies, employing the great majority of the workforce, and making the biggest contribution to GDP. To some extent, they are also active as outward foreign investors or are linked to inward foreign investment through supply chains. This chapter analyses the role of international investment law for the internationalization strategies of SMEs. It explores to what extent international investment agreements specifically promote, facilitate, and protect investments involving SMEs, referring to concrete treaty examples. It also examines the risk of potential negative effects of certain IIA provisions on domestic SMEs. On the basis of this analysis, the chapter makes a number of suggestions regarding how international investment law could further improve the situation of SMEs.
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Misati, Roseline y Kethi Ngoka. Constraints on the performance and competitiveness of Tanzania’s manufacturing exports. 35a ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/973-0.
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This study sought to examine the main constraints to manufacturing export competitiveness in Tanzania. Using panel data for the period 1997–2018, the study established that supply-side factors dominate demand-side factors in explaining manufacturing export competitiveness. Specifically, the results revealed that foreign direct investment and tariffs have a negative and significant effect on export competitiveness in Tanzania, while infrastructure, total investment, labour productivity, and high institutional quality enhance manufactured exports. The study also showed scope for quality upgrading through technology diffusion as well as deeper integration of Tanzania’s nascent global value chains by building on existing competencies and negotiating deep trade agreements to increase market reach. Accordingly, measures to increase investment in infrastructure, strengthen institutional frameworks, and further develop human capital can boost export competitiveness in Tanzania. In addition, export competitiveness can be enhanced through reduction of tariffs and incentives to use cheaper value-adding intermediate inputs.
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Mpedi, Letlhokwa George, ed. Santa Claus: Law, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Decolonisation and Covid-19. African Sun Media, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/9781928314837.
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The origins of Santa Claus, or so I am told, is that the young Bishop Nicholas secretly delivered three bags of gold as dowries for three young girls to their indebted father to save them from a life of prostitution. Armed with immortality, a factory of elves and a fleet of reindeer, his has been a lasting legacy, inextricably linked to Christmas. Of course, this Christmas looks a little different. Amidst a global pandemic, shimmying down the chimneys of strangers certainly does not adhere to social distancing guidelines. Some borders remain closed, and in some instances, the quarantine period is far too long. After all, he only has 24 hours to spread cheer across the world. As with the rest of us, Santa Claus is likely to get the remote working treatment. The reindeers this year are likely to be self-driving, reminiscent of an Amazon swarm of technology, and the naughty and nice lists are likely to be based on algorithms derived from social media accounts. In the age of the fourth industrial revolution, it is difficult to imagine that letters suffice anymore. How many posts were verified as real before shared? Enough to get you a drone. Fake news? Here is a lump of coal. Will we see elves in personal protective equipment (PPE) and will Santa Claus, high risk because of age and his likely comorbidities from the copious amount of cookies, have to self-isolate in the North Pole? In fact, will there be any toys at all this year? Surely production has been stalled with the restrictions on imports and exports into the North Pole. Perhaps, there is a view to outsourcing, or perhaps, there is a shift towards local production and supply chains. More importantly, as we have done in many instances in this period, maybe we should pause to reflect on the current structures in place. The sanctification of a figure so clearly dismissive of the Global South and to be critical, quite classist must be called into question. From some of the keenest minds, the contributions in this book make a strong case against this holly jolly man. We traverse important topics such as, is the constitution too lenient with a clear intruder who has conveniently branded himself a Good Samaritan? Allegations of child labour under the guise of elves, blatant animal cruelty, constant surveillance in stark contrast to many democratic ideals and his possible threat to national security come to the fore. Nevertheless, as the song goes, he is aware when you are asleep, and he knows when you are awake. Is feminism a farce to this beloved man – what role does Mrs Claus play and why are there inherent gender norms in his toys? Then is the worry of closed borders and just how accurate his COVID-19 tests are. Of course, this brings his ethics into question. While there is an agreement that transparency, justice and fairness, nonmaleficence, responsibility, and privacy are the core ethical principles, the meaning of these principles differs, particularly across countries and cultures. Why are we subject to Santa Claus’ notions of good and evil when he is so far removed from our context? As Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein would tell you, this is fundamentally a nudge from Santa Claus for children to fit into his ideals. A nudge, coined by Thaler, is a choice that predictably changes people’s behaviour without forbidding any options or substantially changing their economic incentives. Even with pinched cheeks and an air of holiday cheer, Santa Claus has to come under scrutiny. In the process of decolonising knowledge and looking at various epistemologies, does Santa still make the cut?
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Supply chain agreement"
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Vanpeperstraete, Ben. "The Rana Plaza Collapse and the Case for Enforceable Agreements with Apparel Brands". En Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 137–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_9.
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AbstractDisasters like the Rana Plaza collapse and the Tazreen Fashions and Ali Enterprises fires painfully demonstrate the limits of conventional models of labour regulation in global supply chains. Buyer-driven markets characterised by outsourcing, subcontracting and offshoring, and the price pressure that results from them, undermines both the regulatory role of the state and the potential for collective bargaining. As a result, poor and unsafe working conditions prevail in transnational corporate supply chains in the garment industry. The aforementioned disasters offer a textbook example of the challenges facing the current clothing industry and the limits of the dominant “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) model used to address labour rights abuses.Yet, the responses to these disasters also provide fertile ground for alternative “worker-driven” strategies, where worker organisations enter into negotiated supply chain agreements with transnational corporations and hold the latter to account. The Bangladesh Accord and Rana Plaza Arrangement, as well as the corollary Tazreen Compensation Agreement and Ali Enterprises Compensation Agreement attempt to develop a counter-hegemonic alternative to dominant CSR practices and offer new strategies for social justice within global supply chains. This chapter describes and contextualises these agreements in a broader trajectory of labour organisations bargaining and negotiating such agreements with lead firms, highlighting how the post-Rana Plaza momentum made significant strides possible in terms of the depth, scope and enforceability of these negotiated agreements. The chapter identifies the strengths of these developments, but also identifies room for improvement for future negotiated enforceable agreements with apparel brands.
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Chanpanit, Thanyawan y Apinanthana Udomsakdigool. "Workforce Planning for Single Call Center with Service-Level Agreement". En Toward Sustainable Operations of Supply Chain and Logistics Systems, 521–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19006-8_36.
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Bertolotti, Francesco y Riccardo Occa. "“Roads? Where We’re Going We Don’t Need Roads.” Using Agent-Based Modeling to Analyze the Economic Impact of Hyperloop Introduction on a Supply Chain". En Multi-Agent Systems and Agreement Technologies, 493–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66412-1_31.
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Kumar, U. Dinesh. "Supply Chains with Service Level Agreements". En Supply Chain Strategies, Issues and Models, 209–19. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5352-8_9.
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Chechi, Leticia Andrea y Cátia Grisa. "Global Climate Agreements and Policy Translation in the Brazilian Agriculture: More of the Same". En Handbook of Climate Change Across the Food Supply Chain, 3–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87934-1_1.
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Robinson, Pamela K. "International Framework Agreements: Do Workers Benefit in a Global Banana Supply Chain?" En Shaping Global Industrial Relations, 164–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230319448_8.
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Zimmermann, Ricardo, Ana Cristina Barros, Pedro Pinho Senna, Elena Pessot, Irene Marchiori y Rosanna Fornasiero. "Policy Recommendations for Supporting Supply Chains with Horizontal Actions". En Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 265–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63505-3_10.
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AbstractThis chapter aims to identify the supply chain (SC) issues that can be considered “horizontal”, as they are cross–sectorial and faced by most companies operating both in production and distribution sectors, and to propose a set of policy recommendations that can support public and private organisations to promote and foster innovation and competitiveness of future European SCs. The definition of the Key Horizontal Issues (KHI) is the basis for developing 12 policy recommendations regarding infrastructure requirements, technological and organisational improvements and regulatory developments needed to set the stage for the European SCs for the future. Specifically, the policy recommendations entail assuring appropriate standards and legislation for European SCs; educating and training professionals for the future SCs; drafting of international agreements aiming at future European SCs; supporting and fostering incentives and funding schemes; promoting reference bodies for European SCs; and establishing infrastructure for fostering of future European SCs.
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Covaci, Florina Livia. "Optimizing Service Level Agreements in Peer-to-Peer Supply Chain Model for Complex Projects Management". En Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 23–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73459-0_2.
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Miller, Doug. "Global Social Relations and Corporate Social Responsibility in Outsourced Apparel Supply Chains: The Inditex Global Framework Agreement". En Shaping Global Industrial Relations, 179–98. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230319448_9.
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Li, Yang. "Managing Enterprise Service Level Agreement". En Innovations in Logistics and Supply Chain Management Technologies for Dynamic Economies, 183–207. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0267-0.ch012.
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The continued trend of globalization and technology improvement like the internet and transportation have spawned an increasing number of complex service chains that span across local, regional and national boundaries. Service level agreement (SLA) plays a crucial role in gluing service chains together. In that regard, this paper provides a complete guidance of end-to-end lifecycle management of SLA, including SLA-aware service modelling and terms optimization, contract drafting and compliance tracking. Among these, the author introduces his work in the area of enterprise SLA optimization to address existing deficiencies in this area including a roadmap for industry-strength SLA optimization capability and an initial version of SLA modeling and optimization toolset—code-named SLA-OASIS. Some out-of-box toolsets for SLA contract drafting and compliance tracking are also introduced.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Supply chain agreement"
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Kerschbaum, Florian y Alessandro Sorniotti. "RFID-based supply chain partner authentication and key agreement". En the second ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1514274.1514281.
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Li, Yan, Qingli Da, Yan Li y Mei Cai. "Coordinated Contract in Reverse Supply Chain with Collection Volume Agreement". En 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5661470.
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Jin, Wang. "Notice of Retraction: The Management Research on Agreement System Dynamic Automobile Supply Chain Alliance". En 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.870.
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Artana, Ketut Buda, Dinariyana Dwi Putranta, Irfan Syarief Arief y I. MadeAriana. "Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Selecting and Designing a Mini LNG Plant: A Case Study of Batam Indonesia". En ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10138.
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Increase in demand for clean energy is one of the strategic issues in Indonesia nowadays, considering the significant economic growth of the country. A conventional LNG supply chain is not the best solution taking into consideration its high investment. The possibility of using a small scale LNG supply chain concept (Mini LNG) is recently sought by the government and private sectors in Indonesia. It is even more promising when we consider the amounts and number of stranded gas fields in the country. One of the main obstacles to the development plan is the geographical position of Indonesia as an archipelagic country. This paper presents a case study of LNG supply chain model of 10 mmscfd Gas Sales Agreement (GSA) in Batam and its design of LNG transportation model from Batam to Siantan-West Kalimantan [1]. The distance between Batam and Siantan is approximately 392 nautical miles. Two main objectives are covered in this paper. The first one is an implementation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to select the best location for mini LNG plant, and the second one is to design the LNG supply chain model based on optimization approach. The AHP model uses a pairwise comparison of 4 (four) qualitative attributes and 14 (fourteen) sub-attributes. 3 alternatives of location for mini LNG plant are evaluated, namely: Tanjung Uncang, Pemping Island and Janda Berhias Island. A sensitivity analysis by varying the weight of some critical attributes is also conducted to ensure that preferred location is sensitively selected with minimum error. The optimization of the LNG supply chain model is carried out by means of Gradually Reduced Gradient (GRG) methods. The Objective is to attain one design that will minimize investment (cost). Decision variables of the model are LNG plant capacity, storage tank capacity in loading and receiving terminal, vessel size, number of round trip, number of operating vessels, regasification capacity at the receiving terminal, and others.
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Aejas, Bajeela y Abdelaziz Bouras. "Effective Smart Contracts for Supply Chain Contracts". En Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0160.
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Blockchain is in its way of revolutionizing different sectors with its decentralized peer-to-peer networking. Smart contracts are the piece of software that have written rules to be executed automatically to update the state of the block chain in a systematic way. One of the main use of Smart contract is in Supply Chain management. Supply Chain management deals with lot of legal contracts at a time. Contracts are agreements between two or more parties that define the duties and obligations for execution of any kind of activities. In this research, we are trying to automate the supply chain related contracts by identifying the important entities such as contract type, start date, end date etc., by using Natural Language Processing methods, then convert the contract to smart contract. This provides an efficient template for creation of smart contracts from natural language contracts and thereby offer best smart contract template for a given type of contract in Supply Chain.
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Esmaeely, Saba N., Shane Finneran y Tara Podnar McMahan. "Feasibility Journey - Repurposing Existing Natural Gas Pipelines to Transport Hydrogen – Natural Gas Blends". En 2022 14th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2022-87353.
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Abstract Transformation and decarbonization of existing energy systems are a key part of global energy transition efforts to meet targets set in the COP21 Paris Agreement. The feasibility of transitioning existing natural gas networks to hydrogen or hydrogen-natural gas (H2 – NG) blends, is being evaluated by many natural gas operators as part of their decarbonization strategy. It is recognized that the transportation of hydrogen or blended hydrogen and natural gas presents potential challenges that should be considered and assessed before exposing an existing system to hydrogen transport. One of the first steps in such assessment is conducting a high-level study of the existing network feasibility for the transitioning purpose. Such high-level studies include the material and equipment compatibility of the network with H2 to determine an acceptable range of H2 concentration (H2%) that could safely be added to the blend with modest levels of investment and system modifications. The network feasibility is investigated from different aspects including material integrity, equipment accuracy and functionality, chemical compatibility, end use as well as storage and handling. A thorough feasibility study assesses the entirety of the gas supply value chain, from injection to end-use compatibility and is based upon the operator’s hydrogen strategy and roadmap, which details the network capacity of handling hydrogen safely with a detail of necessary modifications. This paper provides an overview of the factors that should be considered throughout a hydrogen feasibility assessment and addresses additional aspects of the overall hydrogen journey that may be evaluated along the way.
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Æsøy, Lene, Henry Piehl y Ann Rigmor Nerheim. "System Simulation-Based Feasibility and Performance Study of Alternative Fuel Concepts for Aquaculture Wellboats". En ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-81106.
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Abstract Climate change and population growth are increasing the need for sustainable food production. The ocean covers around 70% of the earth’s surface area and there is a great potential in utilizing this for ocean farming. However, the maritime traffic needs to decrease the emissions per transported mass with 50% by 2030 to meet the Paris Agreement. With an increased ocean space utilization, the vessel fleet will increase due to operational demands. Hence, with increased energy consumption, the need for decarbonization will increase further. Wellboats are one of the main contributors to the CO2-emission related to traditional fish farming production of Atlantic Salmon, not counting the actual feed production. Within the well-boat the fuel system has the highest potential to reduce the carbon footprint. However, one of the major challenges with the renewable fuels are their low energy density compared to fossil fuels. New, promising energy concepts have emerged, but they lack a quantifiable performance evaluation within the complete aquaculture supply chain. Further, the choice of the vessel’s engine, generator and consumer modules affect each other. For example, changing to a fuel with lower energy density may lead to a larger fuel storage tank which then limits the available space for the fish tank. The main objective of this study is to use graphical system simulation to model and evaluate the performance of new concepts for low- and zero-carbon fuels. Based on these simulations, new fuel concepts can be compared with conventional marine diesel systems. The simulation model can be used to detect operational limitations with respect to range, transported mass (fish), vessel size, weight, and refueling possibilities. Further, it can also be used to identify bottlenecks in terms of size, weight, and voyage limitations. Based on the outcome of the wellboat system simulation model, the feasibility of fuel systems can be evaluated and used as recommendation for the design of new wellboats. The industry needs feasible solutions which are sustainable in terms of reliability and cost. The insights gained from using the simulation model aim to assist the industry to reach their emissions reduction goals by 2030, and to provide decision support for retrofitting the fuel and energy system of wellboats.
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K. Purayil, Prasannakumar y Sujith Pratap Chandran. "Fossil Fuels to Green Hydrogen: A Paradigm Shift? An Examination of Capital Project Management Perspectives in the Post-Pandemic Era". En International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22359-ms.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE/SCOPE Hydrogen based economy is real? Are the oil producers being pressurized to curtail greenhouse gas emissions? While several organizations are revisiting its means to shift the business basics from fossil to hydrogen, there are several questions to be answered. Terms such as "hydrogen", "wind" and "solar" are getting more popular in the project management dictionary. In addition, the post pandemic era could be of greater challenge, especially for managing mega projects. A fundamental realignment in project management discipline is inevitable. While managing the transition, the project management functions also require a better "redefinition" in line with such paradigm shift. This paper investigates the project management changes and challenges from a large, Joint Ventured project context, in the post pandemic era in terms of redefining better project success. METHODS, PROCEDURES, PROCESS The Paris Agreement, the international treaty on climate change, is litigating the need for adopting low carbon energy sources; its longer term impacts will be studied. The transition of energy basics to hydrogen, which is imminent, to be treated as very fundamental, its implications from project complexity management aspects will be investigated. Technological maturity and economical feasibility along with its stakeholder's influences will be reviewed. The high level interface aspects from technology integration viewpoints will be analyzed. Project Human Resource Management challenges will be evaluated. Second change driver is the impacts of Covid-19, which has several lessons to be investigated and captured from project management perspectives. Improvisation of risk management practices during post pandemic period will be documented as part of project execution strategies. Key aspects such as contracting, procurement and supply chain strategies will be evaluated as an effective methodology for risk reduction. RESULTS, OBSERVATIONS, CONCLUSIONS The fundamental changes in oil based capital project management will be elaborated based on two critical change drivers. Project configuration, integration and risk management perspectives will be analyzed from decision marker's view points. The considerations of additional critical success factors from capital project management will be defined. Project Definition Parameters defined through integrated Front End Loading, iFEL will be elaborated. Project decision model and leadership model from PMO perspective will be detailed. An overall strategy for changed conditions beyond project triple constraints will be outlined. NOVEL/ADDITIVE INFORMATION The strategic redefinition of project management functions and its implementation aspects will be administered through a competent Project Management Office (PMO) function. Authors identify the PMO's leading roles from a change management perspective while implementing capital projects.
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Dudziak, Gregory, Christos Kolliatsas, Julia Schaefer y Noah Myers. "Accelerating the Deployment of Offshore Renewable Energy Technologies (ADORET): Presentation, Findings and Recommendations". En ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49193.
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The outcome of the ADORET project, commissioned by the International Energy Agency Implementing Agreement for Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA-RETD), and executed by Mott MacDonald, will be presented. Globally, offshore renewable energy is a burgeoning industry which has the potential to grow rapidly in a number of countries. While tidal and wave energy is at an earlier stage of development with technology demonstrations being pursued in many locations worldwide, the offshore wind industry is already considered mature. The overall objective of the ADORET project is to assist policy makers and project developers by providing them a better understanding of the specifics of offshore renewable energy (ORE) technologies and to give them practical guidelines in how to foster their deployment. The project has an international perspective, focusing on the 11 IEA-RETD members as well as 7 additional countries. In an introductory phase, the project has delivered a brief of the current status of advancement of ORE technologies. It then highlighted the available resources, and gave an overview of policies in place and deployment to date. In a second phase, the economics and financing of ORE projects have been examined. The respective maturity levels of technologies have been discussed, as well as capital and operational costs structures. An analysis of commercial and technical risks, and of their impact on the financing costs, has been performed. Mitigation measures can reduce these to an acceptable level. The respective merits and constraints associated to the main financing options available to ORE projects will be presented. An in-depth review of technical and non-technical barriers and challenges to the deployment of ORE technologies has been performed and will be presented. Technical barriers covered included technology and design optimisation, reliability, installation and decommissioning, operation and maintenance, grid connection and integration. Non-technical barriers investigated included environmental, safety, regulatory and licensing, competing uses, skills, supply chain and infrastructures, and financial issues. Examples of country and technology specific barriers are highlighted. In the final part the project, a detailed review of policies in place to promote ORE technologies deployment and of their effectiveness has been performed. Mitigation measures to barriers previously identified are also presented. Based on this analysis, a generic model policy framework is proposed, to be used as a possible template by policy makers in interested countries. Guidelines for project design and development are presented. The full version of the ADORET report and its appendices are shortly to be made available to download at www.iea-retd.org.
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Pratap Chandran, Sujith y Prasannakumar K Purayil. "Fossil Fuels to Hydrogen: Paradigm Shift in Capital Project Management? A Transitional Gas & Oil Eyeglass Review". En ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210917-ms.
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Abstract Energy producers are under tremendous pressure to abate GHG emissions earlier than previously thought. The call for action is driven by multiple factors such as climate activism, policy regulations, a global pandemic and geopolitical conflict. Hydrogen is widely considered the most important energy carrier in a decarbonized future. As organizations are revisiting their business models to evaluate the impact of a shift from fossil fuels to Hydrogen, terms such as "Energy Transition", "Carbon Management" and "Hydrogen Economy" are now making frequent appearances in business and project management plans. The global pandemic and cataclysmic geopolitical conflicts may have expedited this shift in strategies, and to some extent exacerbated capital risks faced by mega projects. As a result, a fundamental realignment in Project Management strategies seem inevitable. While managing the Energy Transition, the traditional Oil & Gas PM knowledge areas will require a "reframing" of sorts. This paper investigates the Project Management challenges and opportunities in a large, Joint Venture capital project in the Energy Transition context. The Paris Agreement, the international treaty on climate change, has intensified the discussions around low carbon energy sources. The transition to Hydrogen is sometimes envisaged to happen with cross-sectoral coupling (CO2 capture, Renewable Energy storage). Its long-term implications in terms of project complexity management, technological maturity and economic feasibility along with stakeholder influences will be reviewed. The high-level interface aspects from technology integration viewpoints and Project Human Resource Management challenges will also be addressed. Other important present-day change drivers include impacts of Covid-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflict in Europe, which have led to watershed policy changes such as Joint European action for secure energy (REPowerEU). Rejigging Risk Management, Contract Management, Supply Chain and Stakeholder alignment strategies in the post pandemic world are key execution strategy elements for Hydrogen projects and these will be reviewed on the basis of learnings from Oil & Gas Project execution management. The fundamental changes in Gas and Oil based Capital Project Management and learnings to be harvested for Hydrogen projects will be elaborated utilizing identified critical change drivers. Project Configuration, Integration and Risk management perspectives will be analyzed from Owners’ viewpoints. Additional Critical Success Factors, Project Definition Parameters or integrated Front End Loading (iFEL), Project assurance and leadership model will be identified and elaborated. An overall execution strategy focused on new project realities beyond the realm of triple project constraints will be outlined. The strategic redefinition of Project Management functions in the context of Energy Transition and their deployment will be administered via a competent Project Management Office (PMO) function. Authors identify the PMO's leading role in Change Management, harvesting learnings and synergies, stakeholder alignment and overall strategy definition.
Informes sobre el tema "Supply chain agreement"
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Wei, Shang-Jin y Xinding Yu. Characterizing Regionalism in Asia: A Modern Global Supply Chain Perspective. Asian Development Bank, septiembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220377-2.
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This paper quantifies economic interdependence among Asian economies and between Asia and the rest of the world using a modern global value chain decomposition framework. It shows that global value chain linkages in value-added terms across economies have grown faster than value-added linkages through final goods trade. Stronger value-added linkages between two economies tends to make it more likely for the pair to have membership in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership or Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.
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Spano, Christian, Paolo Natali, Charles Cannon, Suzanne Greene, Osvaldo Urzúa, Carlos Sucre y Adriana Unzueta. Latin America and the Caribbean 2050: Becoming a Global Low-Carbon Metals and Solutions Hub. Inter-American Development Bank, julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003412.
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This report evaluates scope 3 emissions along the copper and iron ore value chains and the opportunities that Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has to become a low carbon metals and solutions hub. The report presents four carbon emission scenarios that represent different sets of decisions for policy-makers and investors. Two scenarios fall short of aligning with Paris targets: (1) the business as usual (BaU) scenario with no further abatement action; and (2) a BaU scenario with the current level of emission reduction potential from players in the value chain (BaU Possible). The other two scenarios deliver the required carbon reductions to be compliant with the Paris Agreement by 2060, but through different strategies: (3) the BaU Paris scenario. where alignment with Paris targets is achieved by keeping BaU volumes and reducing carbon intensity per tonne of metal; and (4) the Decoupled scenario, where carbon intensity reductions are relaxed and compensated by a reduction in primary supply to align the value chain emissions to a Paris trajectory. All scenarios require LACs leaders to consider investments in low-carbon technology in different degrees. The report argues that, given its competitive position in the cost curve for copper and iron ore and an abundance of enabling factors for low carbon strategies, the region could become a key source of low carbon metals and solutions as long as it is proactive in adopting all the necessary measures from public sector and industry perspectives. Finally, the report concludes that myriad opportunities exist for LAC, including new business models, technologies and products, and that these could yield a greater economic and social contribution to the region than the BaU trajectories.
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Angulo Rodríguez, Emilio y Ariel Yépez-García. The Role of Natural Gas in Energy Transition. Inter-American Development Bank, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002868.
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As of 2004 and continuously to this day, the annual growth rate of renewable sources has been greater than that of all fossil fuels combined. In the midst of this transition to cleaner energy, natural gas is the only fossil fuel that has increased its share in the global energy matrix. Technological changes in the LNG supply chain, as well as transformations in the global natural gas market, largely explain this growth. This publication provides evidence on the fundamental role that natural gas plays in the energy transition, given that: (i) its greenhouse gas emissions are substantially lower than those of oil and coal; (ii) it provides the firm power necessary to complement intermittent renewable energies; (iii) it is particularly safe compared to other fossil fuels. In line with these attributes, the International Energy Agency projects that the share of natural gas in the global energy matrix by 2040 will remain stable (around 24%), even in its Sustainable Development Scenario, which would allow to meet the goals established in the Paris Agreement.
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Park, Cyn-Young, Peter A. Petri y Michael G. Plummer. Economic Implications of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership for Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, octubre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210371-2.
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The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) presents strong potential to mold regional trade and investment patterns well into the future and to influence the direction of global economic cooperation at a challenging time. This paper evaluates the RCEP’s impact on global and regional incomes, trade, economic structure, factor returns, and employment using a computable general equilibrium model. The results suggest that the RCEP agreement could generate sizable global income gains. Together with the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on Trans-Pacific Partnership, the RCEP will also strengthen the region’s manufacturing supply chains, raising productivity and increasing wages and employment.
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands y Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.