Tesis sobre el tema "Superalliages à base Ni"
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Tézenas, du Montcel Henri. "Ingénierie des joints de grains dans les superalliages à base de nickel". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0006/document.
Texto completoThis work is dedicated to the study of Grain Boundary Engineering in Ni-based superalloys for aircraft turbine disk. The grain boundary engineering has proven its efficiency for the improvement of the fatigue and creep properties of copper and nickel alloys. This improvement is achieved by performing a succession of room temperature deformations interspaced by heat treatments to modify the distribution of the grain boundary network. The aim of the study is to adapt these processes to high temperature forging of superalloys. An experimental study is achieved to highlight the influence of forging parameters on the grain boundary network. The characterization of the grain boundary network is made through the completion of crystallographic orientation mapping by EBSD. An innovative characterization method based on the discretization of orientation maps in a triple junction network is proposed. This method allows to analyze the connectivity in the grain boundary network with the objective of a correlation with mechanical properties
Ter-Onvanessian, Benoît. "Etude comparative de différents superalliages base Ni pour ressorts de systèmes de maintien". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0021/document.
Texto completoHold-down systems used in the fuel assembly of Nuclear Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) are constituted by stiff springs. The role of the hold-down springs is to ensure the bond between the fuel assembly and the lower plate of the intern structure of the core, thus holding down the assembly on the bottom plate of the reactor, during all the exploitation and maintenance periods. Nowadays, alloy 718 is the constitutive material of these hold-down springs. Its properties in terms of mechanical behaviour, corrosion resistance… fill in the specifications required for such application in the present service conditions. However, in order to improve the common efficiency of fuel assemblies, the upgrading of their design as well as the use of new materials are advocated by the nuclear power plant company, AREVA. Though other Ni-base superalloys known for their good behaviour under neutronic radiation can be proposed as new materials, those superalloys must fill in all the application specifications in order to substitute alloy 718. So, sufficient mechanical properties, good resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) and good resistance to Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) are also required to allow the replacement. All of these properties are carefully studied with the double aim to characterize and compare different superalloys, and to determine key parameters governing the SCC and HE behaviours of such alloys in primary water of PWR
Tézenas, Du Montcel Henri. "Ingénierie des joints de grains dans les superalliages à base de nickel". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00688115.
Texto completoSouai, Nadia. "Contrôle du maclage thermique et de la taille de grains par traitements thermomécaniques dans deux superalliages base de Ni". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00682084.
Texto completoSouai, Nadia. "Contrôle du maclage thermique et de la taille de grains par traitements thermomécaniques dans deux superalliages base de Ni". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0077.
Texto completoThis work has investigated the microstructure evolution of nickel-base superalloys during thermomechanical processing emphasis being placed on grain size and annealing twining. The aim is to assess the possibility of optimizing the properties of these materials through grain boundary engineering principle. We studied grades belonging to precipitation-hardened superalloys: the alloy PER®72 processed by ingot casting and, less thoroughly, the alloy N19 processed through powder metallurgy. Two deformation modes have been tested: torsion and compression. We pointed out that annealing twinning is promoted by high velocity grain boundary migration, which can be induced by (1) the grain boundary curvature that decreases when grain size increases (2) dislocation density gradients that are produced by low deformation steps applied at high strain rates and can sustain high velocity grain boundary migration even when grain size increases. The driving force related to curvature depends also on grain size distributions, which have been identified as an important microstructure parameter. When grain boundaries migrate as a result of the driving force related to dislocation density gradients they can pass the primary precipitates despite the zener drag these precipitates exert on grain boundaries in the two-phase microstructures: those that have not undergone any supersolvus heat treatment. The dynamic recrystallization occurrence or nonoccurrence during deformation steps has also an important impact on microstructure evolution during subsequent sub- or supersolvus heat treatments
Seret, Anthony. "Influence de la mise en forme sur les cinétiques de précipitation durcissante dans les superalliages base nickel Inconel® 625 et AD730™". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM030.
Texto completoNickel-based superalloys possess exceptional mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at high temperature. These mechanical properties result partly from the hardening precipitation of Ni3Nb γ″ or Ni3(Al, Ti) γ′ phases. The objective of this PhD is to better understand how forming operations of industrial parts may influence this precipitation. Two superalloys have been studied in this PhD : Inconel® 625 alloy formed a room temperature and reinforced by the γ″ phase, and AD730™ alloy hot forged and reinforced by the γ′ phase. Thermal treatments, mechanical and thermomechanical tests have been performedin order to, on the one hand, reproduce the plastic strain levels and/or the grain structure obtained at the end of industrial forming operations, and on the other hand to trigger the precipitation or the evolution of already existing precipitates. The microstructures have then been quantitatively characterizedby scanning electron microscopy regarding the grains structure, the dislocationsorganization and the precipitation state.In the Inconel® 625 alloy, the nucleation of γ″ precipitates during a thermal treatment at 650 °C is not influenced by a strain applied before, supporting the relevancy of the 650 °C temperature to bring an homogeneous hardening to industrial parts. In the AD730™ alloy, the γ′ precipitation during a cooling after a hot compression takes place sooner in unrecrystallized grains than in recrystallized grains, by elastic relaxation when nucleating. Concomitantly, the recrystallization front dissolves these γ′ precipitates present in unrecrystallized grains to avoid any incoherent γ/γ′ interface. Then γ′ precipitates reprecipitate on the recrystallization front with a coherent γ/γ′ interface in recrystallized grains, and can afterwards subdivide to reduce the global elastic energy. This PhD includes the development of specific tools : reduction of the measurement noise of EBSD maps for a more accurate assessmentof geometrically necessary dislocations densities, image analysis and precipitation model
Royer, Frédéric. "Fonctionnement et singularités du procédé de fusion laser sélective : Illustration par application à deux superalliages à base nickel et considérations énergétiques". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0053/document.
Texto completoThe selective laser melting (SLM) process is one of the many additive manufacturing processes that allow to rapidly build a part from a computer-aided design (CAD) file and from a powder bed. The work described here deals with the different parameters related to the process, namely the building platform stepping and the laser radiation and its interaction with the metallic matter. The first Ni-based superalloy studied here is Inconel 625 which has been subjected to a parametric study with an energetic approach. It was all about finding the maximum in the conversion of electromagnetic energy into thermal energy. Tensile tests validate the use of the energetic strategy for this alloy. The second studied alloy is Inconel 738 which is hardened by fine γ'-Ni3(Al,Ti) precipitates. Microstructure observations and differential thermal analysis reveal that the γ' precipitation is not complete when the alloy is processed by SLM. This leads to give clues for crack-free processing by adjusting the parameters and especially the preheating feature. Different heat treatments on SLMed materials have been investigated. It appears that the standard procedure applied on cast alloy to reach proper microstructure for good mechanical properties is not adapted to the SLMed alloy. New standards must be defined to comply with the initial out of equilibrium state. Last but not least, the manuscript gives information regarding the energetic use of the process which should be compared with the will of environmental impact reduction policy called by the process
Cervellon, Alice. "Propriétés en fatigue à grand et très grand nombre de cycles et à haute température des superalliages base nickel monogranulaires". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ESMA0009/document.
Texto completoHigh and very high cycle fatigue properties of Ni-based single crystal superalloys have been studied at 1000°C using three frequencies (0.5, 70, 20000 Hz), four stress ratios (-1, 0.05, 0.3, 0.8) and CMSX-4 alloy as reference.Firstly, the very high cycle fatigue regime (VHCF) has been studied at 20 kHz. At R = -1, fatal crack always initiates between 106 and 109 cycles from an internal casting pore et then propagates in a crystallographic mode, despite the presence of other metallurgical defects such as eutectics and carbides. The elaboration process controls VHCF life under these conditions as it directly affects casting pore size, whereas microstructure has no relevant influence. At R = 0.8, creep controls VHCF life and makes this regime sensitive to microstructure and alloy’s chemical composition. Long term tests (> 109 cycles) have also been characterized and have enabled to propose a crack initiation mechanism operating in the VHCF regime.Secondly, the influence of frequency on time-dependent damages such as oxidation and creep, and their interaction, has been studied. At R ≤ 0, reducing frequency inhibits the harmfulness of internal critical defects by promoting oxidation surface damage. At R ≥ 0.8, creep damage leads to specimens rupture for all frequency test and loading conditions. Intermediate stress ratios present an important interaction between oxidation, fatigue and creep damage according to the frequency and loading conditions. Based on these observations, a damage model that predicts CMSX-4 fatigue life has been proposed and presents satisfying results in comparison to experimental data
Vincent, Jean-Noël. "Comportement en fatigue d'un alliage à base de nickel à gros grains : mécanismes de déformation et d'endommagement liés à la cristallographie". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112176.
Texto completoFatigue behavior coarse grain Ni based alloy: influence of crystallography on deformation and damage mechanisms. Precipitation hardened Ni base superalloy MarM 004 has been studied. It exhibits a low resistance to low cycle fatigue and a good resistance to crack growth. Its fatigue limit is very low and crack growth threshold appears which is particularly well defined at high temperature in air. The cyclic plastic strain is accommodated by multiplication of Persistent Slip Bands which obeys a two phases law. Cracks initiate near grain boundaries. A rheological model of smooth specimens has been proposed which takes into account the anisotropy of this so-called multi-crystal. At low crack growth rates crack surfaces exhibit a crystallographic aspect which is either planar like under oxidizing conditions or constituted by high roughness facets. Crack closure has been measured which enables to establish an intrinsic crack growth law and to rationalize the roughness-induced threshold. Under oxidation conditions crack surfaces stick to each other so that the crack stops growing by crack tip unloading. A calculation based on PSB strain shows that no facet can appear under such conditions
Thébaud, Louis. "Etude des relations entre microstructure et propriétés mécaniques du nouveau superalliage base nickel AD730™". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESMA0033/document.
Texto completoIn view of the turbine entry temperature evolution, the main challenge for metallurgists is to elaborate new alloys able to withstand higher temperatures while keeping great mechanical properties. Therefore, knowing the relationships between microstructural parameters and mechanical properties at high temperatures (700°C and more) is mandatory.The creep and dwell-fatigue durability as well as the damage mechanisms of AD730™, a new nickel base superalloy developed for turbine disks, have been analyzed. Several microstructural parameters were studied (grain boundaries, grain size, size and distribution of γ′ precipitates) as well as experimental parameters (temperature, environment, applied stress or dwell period). By using single crystalline specimens having the same chemical composition of the studied alloy, it has been shown unambiguously that single crystalline microstructures do not necessarily present better creep properties compared to polycristalline ones. This result is supposed to be caused by a grain boundary strengthening mechanism. Moreover, in creep at 700°C, it has been shown that the main viscoplasticity controlling parameters are the size and distribution of γ′ precipitates.An unexpected dwell-fatigue behavior has been observed for long hold times and in a specific applied stress window. This phenomena is attributed to a “Bauschinger type” effect, occurring during unloading phases
Larrouy, Baptiste. "Mécanismes de déformation et d'amorçage de fissures dans l'alliage Udimet™ 720Li en relation avec les paramètres microstructuraux". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0019/document.
Texto completoThis study contributes to the understanding of the deformation and damage mechanisms in a Nickelbasedsuperalloy (the Udimet 720Li) used for the manufacturing of aeroengines high pressure turbinedisks submitted to monotonic and cyclic loadings at temperatures below 500 °C under service conditions.Fatigue crack initiation at 20 °C and 465 °C was systematically observed at large crystallographic facetswhatever the microstructure. An extensive quantitative study of the slip activity at the surface showed thatcrack initiation results from a difficult slip transmission between neighbouring grains. In more details, alocalized crystallographic rotation confined in micro-volumes detected at the tip of slip bands interactingwith the grain boundary were identified to trigger crack initiation.The crystallographic configurations favouring such a process are closely related to the TWIST anglebetween active slip systems on each side of the grain boundary and to a dense and fine precipitationconfining the plasticity.Mots-clés
Schmuck-Pareige, Cristelle. "Etude par sonde atomique tomographique et simulation Monte Carlo de la mise en ordre et de la séparation de phase dans des superalliages modèles Ni-Cr-Al". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES073.
Texto completoRoyer, Agnès. "Evolutions thermique et mécanique de la microstructure de superalliages monocristallins étudiées par diffusion centrale et diffraction (neutrons, rayons [gamma])". Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10097.
Texto completoBoubidi, Pascal. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation numérique de la fatigue à faible nombre de cycles d'un superalliage base ni monocristallin sous chargement multiaxial". ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP1001.
Texto completoLaurence, Aude. "Impact du sur-vieillissement métallurgique sur le comportement et la durabilité du nouveau superalliage pour disque de turbine René 65". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0006/document.
Texto completoThis study focused on the impact of thermo-mechanical aging on the microstructure and on the mechanical properties of the new nickel-based superalloy René 65 for turbine disk applications.Thermal aging causes three main microstructural evolutions, namely the intragranular y'-growth, the nucleation of TCP particles at grain boundaries along with a segregation of molybdenurn. An innovative method based on appropriated thermal treatments enabled to dissociate these microstructural evolutions' impacts on the René 65 creep and dwell-fatigue properties at 700°C.The y'-growth is mainly responsible of the overall mechanical proprerties degradation. However, it turns out TCP particles and the molybdenum segregation at grain boundaries also affect negatively the alloy viscoplastic behavior and its durability, contributing to an additional decrease in its mechanical properties. This phenomenon is attributed to the softening of the matrix locally at grain boundaries by solid solution elements depletion in favor of TCP precipitation
Dupin, Nathalie. "Contribution à l’évaluation thermodynamique des alliages polyconstitués à base de nickel". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0040.
Texto completoDerniaux, Eric. "Etude de structures NiCoCrAlY / Al2O3 / TiOx / Pt / AlN déposées par pulvérisation cathodique sur superalliage base Ni pour capteurs de pression haute température". Phd thesis, Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444578.
Texto completoBoittin, Guylaine. "Expérimentation numérique pour l'aide à la spécification de la microstructure et des propriétés mécaniques d'un superalliage base Ni pour des applications moteurs". Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01248295.
Texto completoAn optimization loop allowing the optimization of the thermal treatment toward the fatigue life of the turbine disk in PM Ni-base superalloy N18 is built. This loop is constituted of three finite elements calculations and one post-processing of the fatigue life. The first calculation is a thermal calculation which allows the determination of the evolution of the temperature in each point of the disk. The second one is a calculation of the precipitation, which gives the microstructural parameters, i. E. The volume fraction and the size of the different population of precipitates. The third one is the calculation of the mechanical response of the disc to the service loading. The behavior in each Gauss point is a function of the microstructural parameters deduced from the second calculation. To build this loop, a model of precipitation was implemented in ZeBuLoN code and recalibrated for coarse grained N18. Moreover the influence of the intragranular microstructure on the fatigue behaviour was studied through specific mechanical tests performed at 450°C. This study shown the fatigue life function is a priori no dependant from the intragranular microstructure. But it has a very strong influence on the yield stress, which has a direct impact on the mean stress at the stabilised cycle. And the mean stress is one of the key parameters for the fatigue resistance of the material. A multiscale model was built to account for the role of the fine microstructure on the fatigue behaviour. The optimization loop is built with a phenomenological model and shows that a slower cooling, leading to a lower yield stress at the critical point of the disk allows to enhance the fatigue life. Meanwhile, the resistance to brsting also constitutes a major criterion for the design of the disc and this one requires a good mechanical resistance of the material
Chambreland, Sylvain. "Etude des premiers stades de précipitation dans un superalliage à base de nickel à l'aide d'une sonde atomique". Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES055.
Texto completoLasalmonie, David. "Compression isostatique à chaud de poudre de superalliage base nickel : simulation aux cotes et évolution microstructurale". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10046.
Texto completoTréhorel, Roxane. "Comportement mécanique haute température du superalliage monocristallin AM1 : étude in situ par une nouvelle technique de diffraction en rayonnement synchrotron". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0055/document.
Texto completoNickel-based single crystal superalloys are extensively used for turbines blades (above 1000°C) of aeronautical engines because of their good thermomechanical properties. During stage II of creep, their microstructure consists of a γ matrix (fcc) and raft precipitates γ’ (L12). The aim of this work is to improve the understanding of plasticity of this type of alloy, especially the first generation AM1 superalloy. To follow his mechanical behaviour during fast transients, a new experimental setup using synchrotron radiation diffraction in transmission geometry was developed. A far field camera allows the recording of the (200) diffraction spot of each phase, i.e. the evolution of the lattice misfit in real time (one acquisition takes 7 seconds). By using a simple mechanical model, it is possible to determine the internal stresses and the plastic strains for both phases. An experimental campaign was performed at ID11 beamline of ESRF using this new technique. Two sample types with different initial microstructure (obtained with adapted heat treatments) were tested in situ. They underwent load jumps under high-temperature creep conditions. Further post mortem investigations by SEM and TEM were performed to determine their microstructure, to check on misorientations, map some elements composition and estimate the dislocation density within the γ’ rafts. In the γ channels, dislocation propagation occurred when the Von Mises stress was larger than the Orowan stress. The mobile dislocations density increases with γ plastic strain. The limiting mechanism for γ’ plastic strain is presumably the entry of dislocation within the γ’ rafts. Under this assumption we deduce the mechanisms of interactions between dislocations, vacancies, and pores within the material, and the mechanical behaviour of the γ’ rafts
Ayrault, Danièle. "Fluage à haute température de superalliages base nickel monocristallins". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1989. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002126.
Texto completoAyrault, Danièle. "Fluage a haute temperature de superalliages base nickel monocristallins". Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0201.
Texto completoGETREY, CHRISTOPHE. "Relaxation des contraintes sous irradiation dans les superalliages base nickel". Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0791.
Texto completoChauvet, Edouard. "Mise en œuvre de superalliages base Nickel par Electron Beam Melting". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREA1084.
Texto completoOver the last decade, new processing routes based on additive manufacturing (AM) have emerged. Among the AM processes, Electron Beam Melting (EBM) was mainly dedicated to the fabrication of components made of titanium or chromium-cobalt alloys. Aeronautic industry has been a driving force to investigate the possibility to extend the EBM process to other materials and in particular to Ni-based superalloys.The first objective of this work was to develop a methodology to rationalize the use of a new material in the EBM machine. This can be achieved by studying the main characteristics of the EBM process: powder requirements, melting parameters and strategies, thermal aspects.... The methodology was first validated on a weldable Ni-based superalloy: the Inconel 625 grade.The methodology was then extended to the fabrication of a non-weldable Ni-based superalloy, i.e. a grade containing a large fraction of the γ' strengthening phase. Processing such non-weldable superalloys by EBM usually induced cracks in the fabricated components. The microstructures were characterized in order to identify the mechanism at the origin of the cracks. Understanding the mechanism responsible for the development of cracks has allowed to propose new melting strategies limiting or completely avoiding the formation of cracks.Adjusting melting parameters and strategies turns out to be an efficient way for tailoring the grain structure. Equiaxed grains, columnar grains with different sizes as well as single crystals can thus be generated with suitable process parameters.Finally, coupling a solidification model predicting the equiaxed/columnar transition and finite element calculations quantifying the magnitude of the thermal gradient and solidification velocity allowed to establish some links between microstructures and EBM melting parameters
Augustins-Lecallier, Isabelle. "Conception de nouveaux superalliages MdP base nickel pour disques de turbines". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00710579.
Texto completoAugustins-Lecallier, Isabelle. "Conception de nouveaux superalliages MdP base nickel pour disques de turbines". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00710579.
Texto completoIn order to upgrade the SNECMA M88 engine, new specifications were issued for the material of the parts that are currently made by forging and machining N18 superalloy, including, essentially, turbine discs. This study focuses on the development of new Nickel base polycrystalline superalloys which meet these specifications, i. E. Which generally exhibit mechanical properties and microstructural stability better than that of alloy N18, in spite of a significant reduction of the γ' volume fraction. Refering to the state of the art on the specific role of each of the various alloying elements and of heat treatments on the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the superalloys, new compositions are explored. The microstructures of these experimental alloy compositions are analysed. Tensile, creep and crack propagation tests are performed in order to compare the properties of these new alloys with those of reference, industrially used, superalloys. Among the evaluated alloys, those exhibiting a remarkable tensile and creep resistance were examined by transmission electron microscopy in order to identify the various deformation mechanisms: an interpretation of the outstanding resistance to deformation is presented
Benoist, Julien. "Etude des revêtements en aluminures modifiés platine des superalliages base nickel". Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT2278.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to improve the microstructural properties and the microscopic mechanisms formation of the Pt modified aluminide coatings according to the treatment parameters. At first, we characterise aluminide coatings fabricated with the prior Pt diffusion aluminizing treatment. It appears that the final aluminide microstructure depends only on the different types of donor, which allows the suppression of the Pt diffusion. We also deposit the aluminide coatings with an aluminizing treatment without prior Pt diffusion. We show that the aluminide coating is either a monophased (Ni, Pt)Al structure, or a two-phase PtAl2/NiAl structure or a two-phase PtAl2/NiAl structure with a continuous PtAl2 layer at the surface, with respect to the type of donor. These results allow us to control the quality control of the aluminizing treatment. Then we studied the growth of these phases in the case of a continuous PtAl2 layer at the surface. It appears that this layer forms at the beginning of this treatment and stays stable during the aluminizing. After all platinum is transformed into PtAl2, aluminum diffuses across this layer to form NiAl. However, Ni does not diffuse sufficiently from the substrate to transform PtAl2 into NiAl. We also showed the strong PtAl2 stability. The use of EXAFS technique allows us to demonstrate that the Ni maximum solubility in PtAl2 is 37. 5 at% and that the Ni, Pt and Al sublattices are the same in (Pt, Ni)Al2 and (Ni, Pt)Al phases. The PtAl2 è NiAl transformation is only due to Ni insertion in PtAl2. A bibliographic study of diffusion mechanisms in NiAl intermetallic allows to explain the strong difference between nickel and aluminum diffusion in the PtAl2 phase. The presence of platinum atoms on the same sublattice than nickel atoms decreases the nickel diffusivity in the (Pt, Ni)Al2 and (Ni, Pt)Al phases
Almoric, Jean. "Développement d'un nouvel instrument couplant FIB/SEM UHV et OTOF-SIMS à haute résolution spatiale pour la microélectronique et ses applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0368.
Texto completoSecondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is probably the most widely used chemical analysis technique in semiconductor science and metallurgy because of its ultimate sensitivity to all elements, especially the lighter ones. With systems downsizing, high-resolution 3D chemical imaging is becoming a prerequisite for the development of new materials. In this thesis, we report the development and optimization of an innovative SIMS implemented in a scanning electron microscope. The equipment makes it possible to obtain elementary chemical mapping at very high resolution (~25nm). The capacity of the technique is demonstrated with the characterization at the nanometric scale on the one hand of metallic superalloys necessary for the manufacture of aircraft engine parts and on the other hand of chalcogenide alloys used in the latest generation phase change memories developed in microelectronics
Jouiad, Mustapha. "Caractéristiques mécaniques et état d'ordre de la phase gamma de superalliages base nickel". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30193.
Texto completoCleach, Cathy. "Elaboration et caractérisation des revêtements en aluminiure modifié platine des superalliages base nickel". Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2271.
Texto completoLe, Blanc Annie. "Étude du brasage-diffusion de superalliages base nickel : application à l'assemblage ATGP3/DS247". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD247.
Texto completoDiologent, Frédérics. "Comportement en fluage et en traction de superalliages monocristallins à base de nickel". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112300.
Texto completoWe have study the different mechanical behaviour (creep test performed at 760ʿC/840 MPa, 950ʿC/300 MPa, 1050ʿC/150 MPa, 1150ʿC/100MPa, and tensile test performed between 20ʿC and 1100ʿC) between a first generation single-crystal superalloy (AM1) and a new generation single-crystal superalloy (MC-NG). Difference between the chemistries of the two superalloys lies in the fact that MC-NG contrary to AM1 contains, among others, rhenium and ruthenium. Influence of the γ\γ' microstructures had been taking into account. We have identified parameters who control the superalloys creep deformation at 760ʿC. The difference of behaviour that we encounter between AM1 and MC-NG had been attributed to the solid solution strengthening of the γphase of the MC-NG which is higher than in the AM1. During creep comparison at 950ʿC and 1150ʿC we have enlighten the beneficial effect due to rhenium in the MC-NG who inhibit plasticity in the γphase trough different mechanisms. We have push forward our investigations concerning creep behaviour at 1050ʿC on these two alloys. In fact, previous studies had been shown the particular nature of the MC-NG creep curve compare to other superalloys at this temperature. We have identify mechanisms driving the early onset of the tertiary creep in the MC-NG case as well as lamellar γ\γ' microstructure destabilisation causes. Concerning tensile test, the aim was to understand in which extent 0,2\% yield stress was higher in the AM1 than in the MC-NG at low temperatures. Study of this behaviour according to temperature as well as dislocations structures examination allow us to conclude. So, the fact that MC-NG γ' phase be less alloying in titanium and tantalum than the AM1 one is responsible of this difference
Enayati, M. H. "Mechanical alloying of Ni-base alloys". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298592.
Texto completoSvensson, Christoffer. "Recrystallization mapping of Ni-base alloys". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-75348.
Texto completoChollet, Sébastien. "Étude des modifications microstructurales de superalliages à base nickel induites par nitruration assistée plasma". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2293/document.
Texto completoNickel-based superalloys are commonly used in pressurized water heat exchangers or in the hottest sections of aeroengines or industrial gas turbines, where they are subjected to high temperature and severe mechanical solicitations (fatigue, creep). To allow use of those materials in more and more difficult operating conditions and to improve their duration, different nitriding treatments have been proposed to harden the surface while maintaining or improving their mechanical strength and chemical resistance. However, modifications induced by nitriding, resulting stability in time and influences of the initial microstructure are still poorly understood in these complex materials. In this work, we investigated the behavior of plasma nitriding on superalloys according to their initial microstructure and chemical composition. Thus, different types of Nickel-based superalloys were selected with various microstructures, possibly including precipitates like Ni3(Al, Ti, Nb) and/or Ni3(Nb). Then, we have characterized the modifications induced by nitrogen introduction in the materials after nitriding treatment at low temperature (400°C): lattice expansion, generation of residual stress, precipitates behavior, nitrides formation, plasticity, anisotropy... The results suggest different behaviors depending on the composition of precipitates. Finally, these structural modifications and their evolutions have been studied during an annealing at higher temperature (650°C) in order to study the stability of the nitrided layers
Michon, Sylvain. "Optimisation métallurgique et mécanique de superalliages base cobalt pour usage verrier à 1200°C". Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10003.
Texto completoCHAKIB, KHALID. "Etude par frottement interne haute température de composés intermétalliques et de superalliages base nickel". Poitiers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993POIT2336.
Texto completoVéron, Muriel. "Étude et modélisation de la coalescence orientée dans les superalliages à base de nickel". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0025.
Texto completoSong, Jin E. "Hierarchical multiscale modeling of Ni-base superalloys". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34855.
Texto completoBoussinot, Guillaume. "Etude du vieillissement des superalliages à base nickel par la méthode de champs de phase". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066575.
Texto completoBen, Hamouda Haithem. "Modélisation et simulation de la structure de solidification dans les superalliages base-nickel : application AM1". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0040/document.
Texto completoAM1 is a nickel-based superalloy that Snecma relies on to elaborate single crystal turbine blades having complex geometry and high resistance to extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. However, controlling heat flux during solidification process is difficult because of many reasons such as the complex geometry, the way of clustering parts and the superalloy solidification kinetics. Consequently, stray grain nucleation can occur in the undercooling liquid. Therefore, it is important to precisely identify critical undercooled zones during solidification. To do this, a new coupling algorithm is integrated in Procast software through its CAFE module. This coupling considers liquid→solid transformation in solving thermal problem. Thus, predicted recalescence during stray grain nucleation can be observed. Enthalpy→temperature conversion is based on tabulated solidification paths depending on cooling rate computed at each Finite Element node. Solidification paths are calculated using a new microsegregation model based on total mass and solute mass conservation equations over a representative volume element. It includes both finite diffusion in phases and growth kinetics for multicomponent alloys. It is also coupled with a thermodynamic software for equilibrium computation. The microsegregation model fits experimental data provided by quenching tests on AM1 superalloy
Kepa, Thomas. "Synthèse de revêtements d’aluminures modifiés sur superalliages à base nickel et comportement aux hautes températures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS010.
Texto completoAluminide-based coatings (β-NiAl) are well known to impart better corrosion and/or oxidation resistance to metallic materials used at very high temperatures especially on nickel-based superalloys. Alternatives to gaseous processes (SVPA, for example) are being investigated to save time and reduce costs. In this sense, the synthesis of diffusion coatings of the β-NiAl type by slurry at reduced times is proposed in this PhD thesis. The coatings result in high activity type microstructures on two single-crystal nickel-based superalloys, AM1 and René N5.The different considered coatings correspond to β-NiAl, β-(Ni, Pt)Al (including Pt pre-deposition) and β-NiAl doped with a reactive element, for which several methods of incorporating the reactive element have been considered. Subsequently, some coatings were selected to be studied under isothermal and/or cyclic oxidation conditions at 1100°C for times up to 1000 hours. The reduction in the coating time of these simple β-NiAl coatings to less than 6 hours and in an Ar or air atmosphere does not change their oxidation behaviour at high temperatures since parabolic regimes are still observed. For the β-(Ni, Pt)Al coatings, the amount of slurry deposited must be reduced (compared to β-NiAl) to avoid the formation of the brittle PtAl2 phase. The first tests in cyclic oxidation showed significant mass losses, whose origins remain to be clarified. The improvement against spallation has been studied through the incorporation of CeO2 following three different ways: by mixing powders; by dispersing CeO2 particles in an electroless nickel pre-deposit, by adding cerium nitrate to the slurry. Only the last two methods provided homogeneous and reproducible coatings that were studied in oxidation. The results showed that the addition of an electroless nickel deposit (with or without CeO2) prior to aluminization generated an interface susceptible to reduce the oxidation performance of the coatings. Nevertheless, specific additions of CeO2 to the nickel pre-deposit led to a better oxidation behaviour than the one observed with no CeO2 doping. An original synthesis method consisting in adding cerium nitrate to the slurry was also applied. It was demonstrated that the reactive element was indeed well incorporated into the coating. The optimal content still must be studied to avoid over-doping phenomena. Finally, a preliminary study of electrochemical stripping of slurry coatings, followed by re-aluminization for repair purposes, has been conducted
Gale, William Francis. "Joining of nickel-base substrates using Ni-Si-B and Ni-P alloys". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359883.
Texto completoGarimella, Narayana. "Multicomponent interdiffusion in austenitic Ni-, Fe-Ni-base alloys and L1₂-Ni₃Al intermetallic for high-temperature applications". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002521.
Texto completoAslan, Ozgur. "Simulation numérique de la fissuration par fatigue dans les monocristaux de superalliages à base de nickel". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00540893.
Texto completoMarchal, Nicolas. "Propagation de fissure en fatigue-fluage à haute température de superalliages monocristallins à base de nickel". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137123.
Texto completoLu, Thanh-Chi. "Structure superficielle des poudres de superalliages base nickel et mécanismes intervenant au cours de la densification". Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0074.
Texto completoFinet, Laurane. "Stabilité en composition et en température des phases η et δ dans les superalliages base nickel". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM062.
Texto completoThe use of polycrystalline nickel base superalloys for turbine discs application is limited to temperatures less than 700 °C because of the loss of the stability of the γ’ and γ’’ phases precipitate distributions at higher temperature. These phases could be partially replaced by other hardening phases known to be potentially stable at temperatures higher than 800 °C, like δ-Ni3Nb, δ-Ni3Ta, η-Ni3Ti or η-Ni3(Al,Nb). However, the crystallographic structure, the composition and the thermodynamic stability of these different phases are not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to determine the composition and temperature stability domains of η and δ phases. Simplified compositions of nickel base superalloys with high Nb and Ta contents (> 4 at. %), inspired from literature data and thermodynamic calculations (Thermo-Calc+TCNI7), were produced by VIM. After homogenization and ageing treatments, the alloys were characterized by SEM and TEM to define the various precipitate morphologies and distributions and to determine the crystallographic structure of the different phases, their composition and their solvus temperature. Synchrotron high energy XRD, with in situ heating, was performed in order to follow the evolution of phase volume fractions in some alloys. First, the influence of the alloy composition on the crystallographic structure and the composition of η and δ phases is studied, and these results allow us to refine the composition criteria for the formation of η and δ phases. And secondly, the effect of the alloy composition on the temperature stability of η and δ phases and their precipitation kinetics are discussed. The experimental results are compared to the thermodynamic calculations and some large inconsistencies are highlighted for alloys with high Nb and Ta contents
MAZZELA, AGNES. "Microstructure d'assemblages de superalliages base nickel realises par brasage-diffusion; relation avec leur comportement en fluage". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112480.
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