Bibliografías temáticas / Sulphide corrosion

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Sulphide corrosion"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 6 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Sulphide corrosion"

C. Fatah, Martin, Mokhtar C. Ismail y Bambang Ari-Wahjoedi. "Corrosion behaviour of X52 steel in the presence of sulphite". Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 61, n.º 5 (26 de agosto de 2014): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-03-2013-1246.

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Purpose – The purpose of this work was to study the corrosion behaviour of X52 steel in the presence of sulphite. Design/methodology/approach – The study was conducted in abiotic solutions containing species typical of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) metabolism. Electrochemical techniques, i.e. linear polarization resistance (LPR), potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were used to observe the corrosion kinetics and mechanism of X52 steel in the solution containing sulphite. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the corrosion products. Findings – LPR and EIS results showed that the addition of sulphite ions to the abiotic solutions increased the rate of X52 steel corrosion. The increase of corrosion rate was due to the increase in the cathodic reaction in the presence of sulphite. It was also observed that sulphite thinned the protective FeS film and caused corrosive species to adsorb on the surface, resulting in an increase in corrosion rate. Originality/value – This paper discusses the effects of sulphite on the corrosion behaviour of X52 steel in abiotic solution containing species typically produced by the SRB-type metabolic process. Irrespective of the presence of sulphide, sulphite is produced by SRB during their metabolic process. However, as far as is known, no published papers are available that discuss the effect of the presence of sulphite as one of the metabolic products of SRB.

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Assaad Abdelmseeh, V., J. Jofriet y G. Hayward. "Sulphate and sulphide corrosion in livestock buildings, Part II: Reinforcing steel corrosion". Biosystems Engineering 99, n.º 3 (marzo de 2008): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2007.11.005.

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Pękala, Marek, Paul Wersin, Veerle Cloet y Nikitas Diomidis. "Reactive transport calculations to evaluate sulphide fluxes in the near-field of a SF/HLW repository". E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 10005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199810005.

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Radioactive waste is planned to be disposed in a deep geological repository in the Opalinus Clay (OPA) rock formation in Switzerland. Cu coating of the steel disposal canister is considered as potential a measure to ensure complete waste containment of spent nuclear fuel (SF) and vitrified high-level waste (HLW) or a period of 100,000 years. Sulphide is a potential corroding agent to Cu under reducing redox conditions. Background dissolved sulphide concentrations in pristine OPA are low, likely controlled by equilibrium with pyrite. At such concentrations, sulphide-assisted corrosion of Cu would be negligible. However, the possibility exists that sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) might thrive at discrete locations of the repository’s near-field. The activity of SRB might then lead to significantly higher dissolved sulphide concentrations. The objective of this work is to employ reactive transport calculations to evaluate sulphide fluxes in the near-field of the SF/HLW repository in the OPA. Cu canister corrosion due to sulphide fluxes is also simplistically evaluated.

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Stephenson, R. J., R. M. R. Branion y K. L. Pinder. "Sulphur Management Strategies in Anaerobic Treatment of a BCTMP/TMP Effluent". Water Quality Research Journal 28, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1993): 635–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1993.033.

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Abstract Anaerobic treatment of a bleached chemithermomechanlcal/ thermomechanical BCTMP/TMP (2:1 by volume) effluent obtained from Quesnel River Pulp Co. was studied on a laboratory scale at 35°C. The experimental apparatus consisted of upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) acidogenic reactors followed by hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge bed/fixed-film methanogenic reactors. Under anaerobic conditions, sulphite and sulphate are reduced to sulphide, presenting problems of toxicity, odour, corrosion and reduced methane yields, and treatment efficiencies. The fate of these compounds was examined under various hydraulic retention times and sulphur management strategies, including: (i) pH control; (ii) inhibition of the sulphur reducing bacteria via molybdenum addition; and (iii) stripping hydrogen sulphide dissolved in the reactor liquor by recycling hydrogen sulphide-free off gas. Controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactor from 5.5 (uncontrolled) to 8.0, in order to shift the formed sulphide species to the less toxic ionic form, appeared to be ineffective in promoting wastewater treatment efficiency. Molybdenum addition to the wastewater, tested at levels from 0.1 to 1.0 mM, was effective at 1.0 mM in retarding sulphide formation. Hydrogen sulphide stripping, using scrubbed and recycled off gas, appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management for this type of wastewater under these conditions.

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Łabanowski, Jerzy y J. Ćwiek. "High Temperature Corrosion of Evaporator Tubes with Thermal Sprayed Coatings". Solid State Phenomena 165 (junio de 2010): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.110.

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Degradation examinations of outer surface of low-emission steam boiler evaporator tubes are presented in the paper. Metallographic evaluation of scale morphology as well as determination of chemical composition of micro sites and distribution of elements on cross-sections is reported. Water-wall tubes were exposed in steam boiler for up to two years period. Common tubes produced from 16Mo3 steel suffered sulphide and molten salts corrosions. Thermal sprayed tubes with the single layer of 70%Ni 30%Cr alloy demonstrate better corrosion resistance, but become susceptible to sulphide corrosion due to presence of internal voids and cracks. Double layer Al2O3/Ni-30Cr coatings withstood corrosion attack for more than one year of operation, and then failed due to internal heterogeneity and crack generation.

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Suleiman, Mabruk I. "Sulphur Species Corrosivity in Refinery Feed Stock". Solid State Phenomena 227 (enero de 2015): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.213.

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High temperature sulphide corrosion and equipment failures have been reported in several crude and condensate processing facilities of petroleum refineries. Affected materials were carbon and low alloy steels operated in temperatures ranging from 200 to 300°C.These failures were attributed to specific sulphur species and were not anticipated by corrosion prediction tools used for their material selection. The corrosion mechanisms of these species are not fully understood. This paper presents Takreer Research Centre (TRC) research work for isolating the active sulphur species responsible for the corrosion. Two condensate samples were first analysed for total sulphur, hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Mercaptans (RSH) and other impurities. Using Gas Chromatograph with Sulphur Chemilumenesence Detector (SCD), it was possible to identify Mercaptans and sulphides from the process samples. Laboratory corrosivity testing of condensate sample using carbon steel and low alloy steel coupons at 275°C indicated that the corrosion rate was mainly related to the Mercaptans species within the Total Sulphur. The results concluded that specific dissociation temperature of respective Mercaptans is a useful tool in predicting the possibility and extent of corrosion and its vulnerable process loop.

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Cwalina, Beata, Weronika Dec, Wojciech Simka, Joanna Michalska y Marzena Jaworska-Kik. "Biofilm Formation on NiTi Surface by Different Strains of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)". Solid State Phenomena 227 (enero de 2015): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.302.

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Bacteria of Desulfovibrio genus belong to group of widespread sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). D. desulfuricans is considered one among many bacterial species involved in microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals, mainly of stainless steels and other alloys. SRB can produce gaseous hydrogen sulphide. This gas is released into the environment leading to formation of metal sulphides that significantly influence electrochemical processes and ultimately enhance the corrosion of materials. Biofilms formed by these bacteria are especially harmful for highly alloyed steels and many alloys. The aim of this work was to compare the character of growth and biofilm formation by three strains of D. desulfuricans (standard soil strain DSM and two wild intestinal strains: DV/A and DV/B) on the surface of NiTi alloy.

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Stephenson, R. J., R. M. R. Branion y K. L. Pinder. "Anaerobic 35°C and 55°C Treatment of a BCTMP/TMP Effluent: Sulphur Management Strategies". Water Science and Technology 29, n.º 5-6 (1 de marzo de 1994): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0736.

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Pulp manufacture uses sulphur in a variety of forms and these sulphur compounds ultimately end up in the effluent. Under anaerobic conditions, sulphite and sulphate are reduced to sulphide, presenting problems of toxicity, odour, corrosion, and reduced methane yields and treatment efficiencies. The fate of these inorganic sulphur compounds in a bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp/thermomechanical pulp (BCTMP/TMP) effluent mixture was examined in two phase anaerobic reactors at 35°C and 55°C. The following sulphur management strategies were investigated: 1) controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactor, 2) inhibiting the sulphur reducing bacteria via molybdenum addition to the feed tank, and 3) stripping the hydrogen sulphide dissolved in the methane phase reactor liquor by recycling hydrogen sulphide-free off gas. The laboratory scale experimental apparatus consisted of upflow anaerobic sludge bed pre-treatment or acidogenic reactors followed by hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge bed/fixed film methanogenic reactors. At 35°C, controlling the pH of the acidogenic reactors with sodium carbonate from 5.5 (uncontrolled) to 8.0 in order to shift the formed sulphide species to the less toxic ionic form appeared to be ineffective in promoting wastewater treatment efficiency. Molybdenum addition to the wastewater at levels from 0.1 to 1.0 mM was effective at 1.0 mM in retarding sulphate reduction or sulphide formation. Hydrogen sulphide stripping, using ferric chloride scrubbed and recycled off gas, appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management for this type of wastewater under these conditions. Tbermophilic 55°C anaerobic treatment was also studied using the same effluent, inocula and sulphur management strategies. Overall, both the treatment efficiency and the sulphate reduction were lower for the thermophilic runs compared to the mesophilic runs. Raising the acidogenic phase reactor pH from 7.0 to 7.5 to 8.0 appeared to have no significant effect on organic carbon removal efficiency or on sulphate reduction. Molybdenum inhibition of sulphur reduction was not as marked as for the 1.0 mM level at 35°C, perhaps due to the already low baseline sulphate reduction efficiency at 55°C. Stripping hydrogen sulphide from the reactor liquor helped to promote the treatment efficiency and lowered the sulphide and sulphate levels. Similar to the 35°C study, sulphide removal by gas stripping appeared to be the most effective means of sulphur management

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Volpi, Enrico, Matteo Stefanoni, Andrea Olietti y Stefano Trasatti. "Mild Steel Passivation and Depassivation in Simulated Concrete Pore Solution Containing Bacteria Metabolites". Solid State Phenomena 227 (enero de 2015): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.203.

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Although much less investigated than that induced by chlorides, the corrosion of steel reinforcing bars due to bacteria metabolic products is recognised as a serious issue, primarily for concrete pipes in sewer network. In order to overcome the complications due to the preparation of concrete samples the investigation was performed using simulating solutions. The passivation of the metallic specimens was obtained by immersion in Ca (OH)2 sat and monitored through several different electrochemical techniques. The depassivation was induced by either sulphuric acid or sulphides in order to simulate different bacterial metabolites. Anodic polarization curves and optical microscopy examination revealed a significant corrosion in the former case, while a competitive interaction among the sulphide and the alkalinity was hypothesized in sulphide-containing solutions.

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Thorhallsson, Andri Isak y Sigrun Nanna Karlsdottir. "Corrosion Behaviour of Titanium Alloy and Carbon Steel in a High-Temperature, Single and Mixed-Phase, Simulated Geothermal Environment Containing H2S, CO2 and HCl". Corrosion and Materials Degradation 2, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2021): 190–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cmd2020011.

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The corrosion behaviour of a new titanium-based alloy, with nickel, molybdenum and zirconium as the main alloying elements, was studied in a simulated geothermal environment at various phase conditions of a corrosive fluid. Corrosion testing of carbon steel was also conducted for comparison. Both materials were tested at an elevated temperature between 180 and 350 °C and at a 10 bar gauge pressure in H2O containing HCl, H2S, and CO2 gases with an acidic condensate of pH = 3. The study found that the titanium alloy demonstrated good corrosion resistance in a single- and multiphase geothermal environment. In the testing volume, where the boiling of testing fluid occurred, the carbon steel was prone to localized damage of oxide, sulphide and chloride corrosion products. In the superheated testing volume, a homogeneous oxide corrosion layer was observed on the carbon steel. In the testing volume where condensation of the testing fluid occurred, a sulphide layer with an oxide sublayer was formed on the carbon steel.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Sulphide corrosion"

Coimbatore, Dhandayuth Venkatesh. "Cerium chloride inhibition for high strength low alloy steel exposed to sulphide polluted seawater". University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0134.

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[Truncated abstract] Corrosion of steel structures caused by sulphide is a common engineering problem encountered by many industries, such as the petroleum, chemical processing, mining and mineral processing industries. The control of sulphide corrosion is still a controversial topic among corrosion engineers. There is an absence of guideline for a reliable acceptable limit of sulphide level in service and each processing industry has its own empirical values. Selection of inhibitors in the sulphide environment depends on laboratory testing before its actual application in pipelines and reaction vessels. Many investigators have postulated the corrosion mechanisms due to sulphide based on operating envelopes such as pH, chloride, manganese, hydrogen sulphide, sulphate reducing bacteria levels and inhibitor concentration. It is recommended in the literature that the batch dosing of inhibitor and biocide needs to be evaluated in regards to sulphide reducing bacteria (SRB) level, which may produce sulphide concentrations up to 2000 ppm. Although sulphide scale formation may protect the base metal by providing a physical barrier, the detrimental effects of sulphide are often inevitable, such as stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen embrittlement, etc. Currently, there are many chemicals that are used as inhibitors to prevent corrosion by scavenging the sulphide from the environment. Cerium, a rare-earth element, is not used as inhibitor in the sulphide environment. Also, there are no previous research findings on the effects of compounds of rare-earth metals, such as cerium chloride (CeCl3), in sulphide environment. This research examines the corrosion behaviour of 0.4Mo-0.8Cr steel, a High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel, in sulphide-polluted artificial seawater with the addition of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde. ... It is postulated that the moderate inhibiting effect of CeCl3 is due to the scavenging effect thereby forming Ce2S3 complex. Further reaction of sulphide with steel resulted in ferrous sulphide, leading to an increased corrosion rate. It is also concluded that the CeCl3 interferes with both anodic and cathodic reactions in deaerated conditions. Addition of glutaraldehyde in the sulphide-polluted seawater was found to decrease the corrosion rate. According to the electrochemical measurements conducted, the concurrent addition of glutaraldehyde and CeCl3 appeared to have an added effect on reducing the corrosion of the steel, as evidenced by the increase of the open circuit potential during the short-term testing. From the weight loss measurements after 60 days, sulphide pollution in deaerated seawater was found to increase corrosion rate. This is attributed to the increase of sulphide activity whereby continual dissolution of steel was encountered. From the weight loss tests, it was found that the addition of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde reduced the corrosion rate of the steel in the solutions containing 0-10 ppm sulphide. There is no noticeable corrosion rate decrease for the solution containing 100 ppm sulphide. The added effect of CeCl3 and glutaraldehyde to the SRB medium has resulted in lower corrosion rates. Further detailed experimentation is required to elucidate the corrosion reduction mechanism in glutaraldehyde-containing environments.

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Ruoru, Ke. "Pitting corrosion on sulphide inclusions in stainless steel 316". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1988. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847585/.

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Pits have been observed to initiate at certain inclusions in stainless steel, which affect the composition and properties of the passive film in that region. In this thesis, the VG MA500 high resolution scanning Auger microscope associated with Link EDX is used to investigate the surface chemistry of inclusion groups in stainless steel 316 relative to the bulk composition, before and after exposure to sodium chloride solution. The work demonstrates that careful control of experimental conditions allows the progress of initiation of pits to be observed systematically. The role of inclusions as initiators of pitting corrosion has been studied from the very inception of attack. Detailed observation have been taken from separate manganese sulphide as well as mixture of manganese sulphide and multi-element oxide at various pH values of solutions to trace the behaviour of these inclusions during exposures. It is suggested from this investigation that corrosive attack starts on MnS inclusion proper. The dissolution of MnS takes place in sodium chloride solution followed by the acidification in the microarea and dissolution of metal in the region adjacent to the inclusion. The mechanism for the crevice corrosion is of importance after the microcrevice forms. The observations showed that sulphur precipitated on the area surrounding the inclusion group in acidic sodium chloride solution. This is in contrast to the finding in prior studies by electron probe or EDX analyses in which sulphur precipitation was only observed on the inclusion. Because pitting normally occurs on surfacesthat are initially exposed to air before being immersed in the corrosive solution, an understanding of the change of surface film associated with the change of medium is very important. XPS was used in this work to study the air formed and aqueous films, the transformation when the specimens were immersed in solutions. The study of the energy-loss structure of photoelectron peaks has lead to a better understanding of these various films. It has been used to study in greater detail the composition and properties of the films formed on Fe-Cr alloys during oxidation, vacuum annealing, and to find the relationship between the depth distribution of the components in the films and energy loss background of photoelectron peaks. Three features are of particular importance: the background loss tail height, the baseline slope and the post-peak loss structure. These features have been related quantitatively to the relative amounts of the element and the surrounding matrix in the layers which contribute the greatest signal at any given take-off angle. The present work illustrates that the additional depth information available from closer inspection of the inelastic loss background feature may aid an understanding of the change from the air-formed film to the aqueous film as well its effect on the initiation of pits in stainless steel 316. The combination of AES and EDX with high spatial resolution gave an opportunity to re-investigate the initiation of pits at the site of inclusion on stainless steel by offering both bulk and surface information. The use of AES and XPS associated with the energy loss structure of photoelectron peaks facilitates a comprehensive understanding for the whole surface of various films and the local areas which are involved in the formation of pits.

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Sutton, Jeremy. "Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) of steels in mono- and hyper-baric environments". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241029.

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Nuttall, Robert Horan. "Aqueous hydrogen sulphide corrosion of iron, iron/chromium and iron/nickel alloys". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358471.

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BALLESTEROS, ADRIANA FORERO. "EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE TO SULPHIDE STRESS CORROSION CRACKING AND HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT OF API 5L -X80 GIRTH WELDS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32706@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
BOLSA NOTA 10
A susceptibilidade à corrosão sob tensão em aços para dutos é dependente de uma série de eventos que vão desde a manufatura do aço, fabricação do tubo, montagem dos dutos e tipo de substância transportada pelo duto. O procedimento de soldagem envolvido na montagem dos dutos pode modificar as propriedades mecânicas do metal de base na região da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA), assim como as propriedades metalúrgicas e de resistência à corrosão, tornando potencialmente a região da junta soldada com maior probabilidade de incidência de corrosão sob tensão.Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a resistência à corrosão sob tensão em presença de sulfeto e fragilização pelo hidrogênio, em soldas circunferenciais de tubo API 5L X80. Foram realizados: -Ensaios de acordo com norma NACE TM0177/96, Método A -Ensaios de Baixa Taxa de Deformação (BTD) de acordo com a norma ASTM G129-00/2006, em solução contendo Tiossulfato de Sódio. Os resultados mostraram que o metal base foi considerado aprovado segundo os requisitos dos testes NACE TM0177/96. Porém as juntas soldadas originadas nos diferentes processos de soldagem estudados apresentaram susceptibilidade à corrosão sob tensão em presença de sulfeto e fragilização pelo hidrogênio, segundo o mesmo critério, fraturando em um período inferior a 720h. Esta susceptibilidade foi comprovada com os resultados dos ensaios de tração BTD, tendo sido constatada uma queda significativa no limite de resistência, alongamento e tempo de ruptura, em comparação aos ensaios realizados ao ar na mesma taxa de deformação. O mecanismo de fratura predominante nos ensaios foi fratura transgranular.
The susceptibility of pipeline steels to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) depends on a series of factors ranging from the manufacture of the steel, the pipe fabrication, the assembly of the pipeline and the type of substances to be transported. Additionally, the welding procedures adopted during the production of the tubes and for construction of the pipelines (field welding), can modify the properties of the base metal in the heat affected zone (HAZ), potentially rendering this region susceptible to sulphide stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement.This study evaluates the resistance of girth welds in API 5LX80 pipes to hydrogen embrittlement and also to stress corrosion cracking in the presence of sulphides. The evaluation was performed according to NACE TM0177/96, Method A, applying the criterion of fracture/no fracture, and slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRT) were undertaken using a sodium thiosulphate solution according to the ASTM G29 standard. According to the requirements of the NACE TM0177/96 test, the base metal was considered approved. The weld metal exhibited susceptibility to SCC in the presence of sulphides, failling in a period of less than 720h. The susceptibility of the welded joint to SCC in the presence of sulphides was confirmed by the results obtained with SSRT tensile tests, where a significant decrease in the ultimate tensile strength, elongation and time to fracture were observed. The mechanism of fracture for the tests was predominantly transgranular.

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Cortás, Laila de Castro. "Produção biogênica de sulfetos em amostras de água e óleo". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3454.

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Durante a exploração de petróleo offshore (fora da costa), a injeção de água do mar no processo de recuperação secundária de petróleo, ocasiona a produção de sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S) pela presença das bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS), que reduzem o sulfato presente na água em sulfeto. A produção intensiva de H2S tem sido um dos maiores problemas das indústrias petrolíferas, pois constitui-se uma das principais causas de corrosão em linhas de produção (tubulações), equipamentos e tanques metálicos. Os principais micro-organismos presentes em amostras salinas provenientes de tanques de armazenamento de água e óleo da indústria do petróleo são as bactérias anaeróbias heterotróficas totais (BANHT) e as bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS). Atualmente, a quantificação desses grupos microbianos é realizada através da técnica do Número Mais Provável (NMP) que estima o resultado em aproximadamente 28 dias. Neste trabalho foi utilizada a metodologia de produção semi-contínua de sulfetos biogênicos por 15 dias, numa tentativa de correlacionar com os resultados de quantificação de BANHT e BRS através da técnica convencional do NMP. Nesse caso, avaliou-se as condições mais adequadas para a produção biogênica de sulfetos em tanques, alterando-se parâmetros tais como salinidade, temperatura e composição do meio de cultura. Verificou-se que os aumentos da salinidade e da temperatura do meio implicaram na diminuição da atividade biogênica semi-contínua de geração de sulfetos. E conforme dilui-se o meio de cultura, o crescimento de bactérias foi reduzido, assim como a geração de sulfetos. A quantificação de BRS e BANHT foi avaliada pela técnica do NMP de acordo com o método do FDA em 2011 e de Harrigan em 1998. Este último subestima a população microbiana, desconsiderando os limites e erros provenientes da técnica
During off-shore oil recovery, seawater injection for secondary oil recovery, produces hydrogen sulphide (H2S), due to the presence of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB), that reduces sulphate from seawater to sulphide. The massive production of H2S is presently one of the main problems in the petroleum industries, constituting one of the main causes of corrosion in production lines (dutes), equipments and tanks. The main microbial species found in this type of saline samples comes from water and oil storage tanks in the petroleum industry, being general anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria (GAHB) and sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB). Presently, the quantification of those microbial groups is made through a technique known as Most Probable Number (MPN). This quantification is obtained in around 28 days. In the present work a methodology based on the semi-continuous production of sulphide during 15 days was conducted, in an attempt to correlate these results with the quantification of GAHB and SRB cells through conventional MPN technique. In this case, the most suitable conditions for biogenic sulphide production in tanks, was studied through the evaluation of environmental parameters such as salinity, temperature and culture medium composition. It could be observed that an increase in salinity and temperature of the medium produced a marked decrease in the semi-continuous biogenic production of sulphide. In relation to the culture medium, its dilution promoted a decreased in cell growth, consequently in the production of sulphides. The quantification of SRB and GAHB was evaluated through the MPN technique, according to procedures suggested by FDA in 2011 and Harrigan in 1998. It was observed that this last procedure underestimated the microbial population, due to the lack of information about limits and standard deviations

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Bourdoiseau, Jacques-André. "Rôle des espèces sulfures sur le comportement d’un acier non allié en milieu de stockage des déchets radioactifs de type C : interaction sulfures / produits de corrosion". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROS328/document.

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Ce travail de doctorat concerne le stockage des déchets radioactifs à vie longue et haute activité en site géologique profond. Dans le concept actuellement retenu par l’Andra (Agence nationale pour la gestion des déchets radioactifs), c’est une enveloppe en acier non allié, appelée « surconteneur », qui sera au contact de l’environnement. Dans les conditions anoxiques où se retrouvera l’acier après une période initiale relativement courte, des vitesses de corrosion très faibles sont attendues, ce qui garantirait l’intégrité du surconteneur pour des millénaires. Cependant, il n’est pas exclu que des bactéries sulfurogènes puissent se développer à proximité ou au contact du surconteneur et modifier localement la cinétique de la corrosion via les espèces sulfures produites par leur métabolisme. L’objectif de cette thèse consistait à améliorer notre compréhension du système de corrosion constitué de l’acier, de sa couche de rouille essentiellement composée de sidérite FeCO3 et d’un électrolyte sulfuré.Pour ce faire, il a été nécessaire dans un premier temps de caractériser par microspectroscopie Raman les sulfures de fer impliqués dans les processus de corrosion et d’étudier les mécanismes de leur formation et de leur transformation dans différentes conditions de concentration en Fe(II) et S(-II), de pH, de température et d’oxygénation. Il a pu être démontré que le spectre Raman de la mackinawite FeS, composé qui précipite à partir de Fe(II) et S(-II) dissous dans toutes les conditions considérées ici, évoluait avec la cristallinité et l’oxydation du composé. Par ailleurs, les mécanismes de l’oxydation à 80°C en milieu acide anoxique de la mackinawite en greigite Fe3S4 ont pu être décrits. Cette étude a permis de démontrer que les sulfures de fer souvent présents sur les objets archéologiques ferreuxissus de milieux anoxiques sont soit de la mackinawite, soit étroitement apparentés à la mackinawite.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons étudié la formation de produits de corrosion carbonatés par polarisation anodique d’électrodes d’acier à température ambiante dans des électrolytes désaérés à base de NaHCO3. Les conditions expérimentales permettant d’obtenir la sidérite ont été re précisées et utilisées pour synthétiser des couches modèles de FeCO3 sur acier. Par ailleurs, il a été observé que la rouille verte carbonatée était le principal produit se formant aux faibles concentrations en espèces carbonates (0,003 et 0,1 mol L-1 par exemple),la sidérite se formant aux fortes concentrations (0,5 et 1 mol L-1). Les conditions permettant la formation de la chukanovite, l’hydroxycarbonate de Fe(II) de formule Fe2(OH)2CO3, n’ont pas pu être explicitées, même si cette phase a été obtenue dans un électrolyte contenant à la fois des ions SO42- et HCO3- à la concentration de 0,03 mol L-1.Enfin, les interactions entre sulfures et produits de corrosion ont été étudiées. La sidérite, la lépidocrocite et la goethite sont toutes réactives vis-à-vis des sulfures. Ainsi, il apparaît clairement que les espèces sulfures produites par les BSR devraient interagir avec la couche de produits de corrosion avant d’interagir avec le métal sous-jacent. Les tests effectués sur des analogues archéologiques du 16ème siècle, immergés deux mois dans des solutions sulfurées en conditions anoxiques ont permis de le démontrer. Le principal effet de cette immersion a été la formation de sulfures de fer à l’interface entre la couche dense de produits de corrosion, essentiellement constituée de sidérite, et le milieu transformé, zone où s’entremêlent les minéraux propres au sol et ceux produits par la corrosion du fer. Les espèces sulfures n’ont pas été détectées au voisinage immédiat de la surface du métal
This PhD work deals with the nuclear waste disposal. In France, it is envisaged byAndra (French national radioactive waste management agency) that high-level radioactivewastes will be confined in a glass matrix, stored in a stainless steel canister, it self placed in a carbon steel overpack. The wastes will then be stored at a depth of ~500 m in a deep geological repositery, drilled in a very stiff (indurated) clay (argillite) formation. The kineticsof corrosion expected for the overpack in this disposal concept are low and will stay low if the somehow protective rust layer that will develop initially on the steel surface remains undamaged. Local changes of the physico-chemical conditions may however degrade this layer and induce accelerated kinetics of corrosion. In particular, the growth of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) close to the steel overpack cannot be excluded and the sulphid especies these micro-organisms produce may modify the corrosion process. The aim of this work was then to achieve a better understanding of the corrosion system constituted with steel, its rust layer mainly made of siderite FeCO3, and a sulphide-containing electrolyte.First, it proved necessary to characterise the iron sulphides involved in the corrosion processes by Raman micro-spectroscopy so as to study their formation and transformation mechanisms in various conditions of Fe(II) and S(-II) concentration, pH, temperature andaeration. It could be demonstrated that the Raman spectrum of mackinawite FeS, thecompound that precipitated in any case from dissolved Fe(II) and S(-II) species with the experimental conditions considered here, depended on the crystallinity and oxidation state.Moreover, the mechanisms of the oxidation of mackinawite into greigite Fe3S4 in acidicanoxic solutions at 80°C could be described. Finally, iron sulphides, often present on archaeological artefacts, could be identified using Raman micro-spectroscopy. The compounds present were mainly mackinawite and greigite.Secondly, to investigate the nature and properties of carbonated rust layers, carbonsteel electrodes were polarised anodically in NaHCO3 electrolytes continuously de-aerated byan argon flow. The experiments were performed at room temperature. The carbonated greenrust was observed to form at 0.003 and 0.1 mol L-1 NaHCO3 whereas FeCO3 was obtained atthe largest concentrations (0.5 and 1 mol L-1). Additional experiments were performed similarly in solutions of NaHCO3 and Na2SO4. Chukanovite, the Fe(II) hydroxycarbonate with formula Fe2(OH)2CO3, could be obtained in solutions containing 0.03 mol L-1 of eachsalt.Finally, interactions between sulphide species and corrosion products were studied.Siderite, goethite and lepidocrocite proved to be reactive towards sulphide. So, it seems clear that sulphide species produced by SRB should interact with the rust layer before to reach the metal underneath. Tests were performed with ferrous archaeological artefacts immersed 2months in anoxic sulphide-containing electrolytes to demonstrate it. The main effect of theimmersion was the formation of iron sulphide at the interface between the dense corrosion products layer, mainly constitute of siderite, and the transformed medium, where minerals ofthe soil are mixed with corrosion products. Sulphide species were not detected at the vicinityof the iron surface

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De, Beer Deon Johan. "The relationship of weld metal hardness residual stress and susceptible to stress corrosion cracking in hydrogen sulphide environment in A516 Grade 70 carbon steel shielded metal arc welded joint". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71679.

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In the petrochemical industry, carbon steels exposed to H2S environments may be susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking. A tensile residual stress and high hardness increases the risk of cracking in H2S environments. NACE SP 0472 limits weld metal hardness to 210 HV10 (200 HB) and heat-affected zone hardness to 250 HV10 to prevent stress-corrosion cracking of carbon steel welds in H2S. The hardness is controlled by the weld thermal cycle or by a post-weld heat treatment. In this project, the effect of hardness on the susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking was investigated by increasing electrode strength systematically and measuring residual stress in the weld metal in the as-welded state. Samples were manufactured from SA 516 Gr 70, a carbon steel used extensively in the petrochemical industry. Heavily clamped plates were welded to minimise distortion and to maximise residual stress. The weld metal hardness was increased by using E6013, E7018-1, E8018-B2 and E9018-B3 electrodes without a post-weld heat treatment. Mechanical tests included all-weld and transverse tensile tests, impact strength and hardness testing. As the nominal strength of the weld metal increased, the all-weld tensile strength increased from 512 to 829 MPa, while the yield strength increased from 443 to 659 MPa. The average weld metal hardness increased from 177 to 317 HV10. The transverse tensile strength was between 511-517 MPa, while the yield strength (in the transverse direction) was between 360 and 382 MPa. Residual stresses of the welded joint were measured by neutron diffraction in the through-thickness, longitudinal and transverse direction. The Von Mises theorem evaluated the principle residual stress. Results indicate that the residual stress in the weld metal may be up to 99% of the yield strength. For stress-corrosion cracking, the samples were submerged in the standard TM0177-2005 test solution for 30 days. The only sample to crack was the E9018, with an average weld metal hardness of 317 HV10. The study results were consistent with the NACE SP0472 specification and earlier publications.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
TM2019
Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering
MEng
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Idriss, Ahmed. "Corrosive effect of hydrogen sulphide on cement mortar". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/NQ55626.pdf.

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Halsall, John Frederick. "The prevention of biological corrosion and fouling of metals : a study of corrosion processes and the electrochemical methods of controlling corrosion and fouling". Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318073.

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Libros sobre el tema "Sulphide corrosion"

Sriskandarajah, T. Sulphide stress corrosion cracking of oil and gas well equipment. London: HMSO, 1987.

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Sriskandarajah, T. Sulphide stress corrosion cracking of oil and gas well equipment: Report. London: H.M.S.O., 1987.

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Isaacson, A. E. Effect of sulfide minerals on ferrous alloy grinding media corrosion. Washington, DC: Dept. of the Interior, 1989.

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Isaacson, A. E. Effect of sulfide minerals on ferrous alloy grinding media corrosion. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1989.

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1940-, Smith John M. y Webster Neil A, eds. Odor and corrosion control in sanitary sewerage systems and treatment plants. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1989.

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1940-, Smith John M. y Webster Neil A, eds. Odor and corrosion control in sanitary sewerage systems and treatment plants. New York: Hemisphere Pub. Corp., 1989.

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Timmins, P. F. Solutions to hydrogen attack in steels. Materials Park, OH: ASM International, 1997.

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Elbro, A. C. The effect of load fluctuation on sulphide stress corrosion cracking in C-Mn steel weld metal. Cambridge: TWI, 1996.

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Anderson, Stuart B. Microbiologically influenced corrosion of mild steel by sulphate-reducing bacteria. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Insurance, Claims, and Corporations. Availability of homeowners insurance: Sodium sulfate soil corrosion. Sacramento, CA: The Committee, 1987.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Sulphide corrosion"

Gardiner, D. J. y C. J. Littleton. "Identification of Oxide and Sulphide Corrosion Products Using Raman Microscopy". En High Temperature Alloys, 155–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1347-9_15.

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Sanders, P. F., M. J. Mosley y D. M. Holt. "Thermophilic Sulphide Generating Bacteria Causing Corrosion in High Temperature Oilfield Systems". En Biodeterioration 7, 398–403. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_52.

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Waanders, F. B. y S. W. Vorster. "The effect of sulphide and moisture content on steel corrosion during transport of fine wet coal". En ISIAME 2012, 185–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6491-0_25.

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Hu, Yuehua, Wei Sun y Dianzuo Wang. "Corrosive Electrochemistry of Oxidation-Reduction of Sulphide Minerals". En Electrochemistry of Flotation of Sulphide Minerals, 167–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92179-0_7.

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Loto, Roland Tolulope, Richard Leramo y Babatunde Oyebade. "Inhibition Effect of Essential Oil Extracts on the Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Chloride–Sulphate Media". En TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 939–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_92.

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Loto, Roland Tolulope, Cleophas Akintoye Loto, Akanji Olaitan y Olufunmilola Joseph. "Effect of Heat Treatment on the Localized Corrosion Resistance of S32101 Duplex Stainless Steel in Chloride/Sulphate Media". En TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 959–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_94.

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Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun, Elizabeth Toyin Okeniyi, Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana, Taiwo Felicia Owoeye y Oluseyi Ebenezer Ogunlana. "Investigating Biochemical Constituents of Cymbopogon citratus Leaf: Prospects on Total Corrosion of Concrete Steel-Reinforcement in Acidic-Sulphate Medium". En TMS 2017 146th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 341–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51493-2_32.

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Refait, Ph, J. A. Bourdoiseau, M. Jeannin, R. Sabot, C. Rémazeilles y J. A. Bourdoiseau. "Interactions between sulphide species and components of rust". En Sulphur-assisted corrosion in nuclear disposal systems, 124–36. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003059448-7.

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Radford, G. J. W., F. C. Walsh, J. R. Smith, C. D. S. Tuck y S. A. Campbell. "ELECTROCHEMICAL AND ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDIES OF A COPPER NICKEL ALLOY IN SULPHIDE-CONTAMINATED SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS". En Developments in Marine Corrosion, 41–63. Elsevier, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698768.41.

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"Corrosion Fatigue, Stress-Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen-Sulphide Attack of AISI 304 Stainless Steel". En ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Chemical Processing Equipment. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.chem.c9001652.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Sulphide corrosion"

Samarasinghe, Sameera, Daniel Martin y Hui Ma. "Transformer Over Passivation to Prevent On-Load Tap Changer Silver Sulphide Corrosion". En 2019 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT Asia). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2019.8881450.

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Andersen, Tore Roberg. "Corrosion Fatigue of Steel Armours in Flexible Risers". En ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28052.

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Fatigue life calculation of flexible risers is normally based on the assumption that the annulus is dry. Experience has, however, shown that the annulus may become water flooded. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide permeate from the bore and into the annulus, making the annulus environment corrosive. In such conditions the influence of corrosion fatigue on fatigue life has to be taken into account. A test program was performed to investigate the corrosion fatigue performance of steel armour in water containing carbon dioxide. The results showed that the corrosive environment reduced the fatigue life to about 1/10 to 1/50 of that derived in air. The lifetime was significantly shorter in the environment with 0.1 bar compared to 0.01 bar, indicating that corrosion fatigue becomes more pronounced as the corrosivity increases. The work shown that corrosion fatigue has to be considered for flexible risers with annulus that is or may be water flooded.

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Kawase, R. y A. Nakano. "Production of Heat and Corrosion-Resistant Plastic Coatings". En ITSC 1996, editado por C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0257.

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Abstract Thermal sprayed coatings of polypenylene-sulphide (PPS) and polyphenyletherether-ketone (PEEK) have been produced by HVAF spray system. The properties of these coatings have been investigated by corrosion test and FT-IR analysis. The main results of this study are summarized as follows; (1) In case of PPS coatings, PPS powder is oxidized during thermal spraying. However, PPS coatings have a good corrosion resistance. However, PEEK coatings have high porosity so that corrosion of the substrate occurs. (2) In case of PEEK coatings, the molecular structure of PEEK powder is not changed during thermal spraying.

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Pargeter, Richard J. "A Review of the Concept of Mildly Sour Environments". En 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2052.

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Published data on the effects of different levels of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and pH in aqueous environments on steels have been reviewed. Both sulphide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) and hydrogen pressure induced cracking (HPIC) have been considered. The data have been collated and presented on one diagram, and the appropriateness of setting relaxed hardness controls for ‘mildly sour’ environmental conditions has been discussed.

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Owen, David y Simon Schapira. "High Energy Natural Gas Internal Corrosion Susceptibility Analysis". En 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33462.

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Alliance Pipeline operates an integrated Canadian and U.S. high-pressure, rich natural gas transmission pipeline system. Rich natural gas pipelines are unique in that the product transported in these pipelines contains greater amounts of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons than would be transported in a dry natural gas pipeline. The specifications for gas quality however are very similar and require the product to contain less than sixty five mg/m3 water, no free liquids and/or objectionable materials such as bacteria, ashphaltene, gum, etc. The acid gases, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide, are also required to be below certain values (see Table 1). Corrosion is not expected to occur under these conditions due to the lack of free water available for the development of an electrochemical corrosion cell. However, there are instances where the gas quality may vary and this gas enters facility piping for short periods of time. A method has been developed by Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) to determine the internal corrosion susceptibility for dry gas natural gas pipelines but there are currently no industry accepted models which determine the internal corrosion susceptibility for high energy natural gas (HENG) pipeline systems. Accordingly, it is important for operators of pipelines with high energy natural gas (HENG) to collect and analyze these off specification events and develop a method to determine the relative impact on internal corrosion susceptibility. It is perhaps more important for operators to use this method to develop a strategy to prioritize facility piping for inspection and confirm the absence of internal corrosion. An Internal Corrosion Susceptibility Assessment (ICSA) method has been developed for HENG which considers off specification water, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide contents in the HENG. The analysis has been enhanced to also consider low temperature operation and hydrocarbon dew-point variations. The model has been effectively trialed over the last number of years to prioritize inspections and has been further tested against PRCI research and models developed for dry gas internal corrosion susceptibility. All internal corrosion models need to identify free water as prime contributor to susceptibility, thus the subject model is considered adaptable to other gas pipeline systems. This paper discusses the methods used to develop the model, the challenges encountered and results of the field inspections conducted.

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Kawase, R. "Molecular and Micro Structure of Thermal Sprayed Heat and Corrosion-Resistant Plastic Coatings". En ITSC 1998, editado por Christian Coddet. ASM International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1998p0653.

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Abstract Polypenylene-sulphide (PPS) and polyphenyletheretherketone (PEEK) have high heat and corrosion-resistant performance. Thermal sprayed coatings of PPS and PEEK have been produced by the HVAF spray system. The molecular structures of these coatings have been analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The microstructures of cross-section and surfaces of these coatings have been observed. The formation mechanism of these coatings has been estimated as follows; (1) PPS and PEEK powders are melted and oxidized during thermal spraying. However, the amount of coating oxidation is very small, so that high anti-corrosion performance of sprayed coatings is obtained. (2) These coatings have some pores including the incomplete melting particles. However, it is estimated that these pores are closed-pores.

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Kurella, Anil, Aravind Munukutla y J. S. Lewis. "PCB Related Field Failures with ImAg Surface Finishes". En ISTFA 2007. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2007p0293.

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Abstract PCB surface finishes like Immersion silver (ImAg) are commonly used in Pb-free manufacturing environments following RoHS legislation. With this transition, however the numbers of field failures associated with electrochemical migration, copper sulphide corrosion, via barrel galvanic corrosion are on a steady rise. More often than not ImAg surfaces seem to assist these failing signatures. As computers penetrate into emerging markets with humid and industrialized environments there is a greater concern on the reliability and functionality of these electronic components.

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Qidwai, Siddiq M., Virginia G. DeGiorgi y Alan C. Leung. "A Review of Microstructural Effects on Pitting Corrosion in Stainless Steels". En ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47571.

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A vast literature can be found on pitting corrosion addressing the initiation and propagation of pits due to localized corrosion. However, most of is the work to date is devoted to the electrochemical and metallurgical aspects of the phenomenon. In this paper, we provide a brief review of the recent progress in characterizing and analyzing the effects of various microstructural features on pitting corrosion. The scope of the paper is limited to stainless steels in chloride-containing solutions. The review shows that initiation of pitting corrosion in stainless steels is affected by such microstructural features on the exposed surface as the crystallographic orientation, phase and grain boundaries, beside the well-known and much characterized sulphide inclusions. Similarly, pit growth kinetics and evolution has been shown to depend upon the presence of precipitates and secondary phase particles, grain boundaries, and other material interfaces. One outcome of the review is the identification of the need to complement the recent computational studies incorporating fully-coupled electrochemical, mass transfer and momentum field equations at the macroscale with similar modeling and analysis at microscale to fully understand the effects of microstructural features on stable pit growth.

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Forero Ballesteros, Adriana, Jose´ A. da Cunha Ponciano y Ivani de S. Bott. "Study of the Susceptibility of API 5L X80 Girth Welds to Sulfide Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement". En 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31243.

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The growing demand for natural gas and oil, as energy sources, has driven industry’s need for ever-increasing strength levels in oil and gas transmission pipeline materials in order to achieve safe and economic transportation. The current world trend points to the use of pipes with larger diameters and thinner wall thicknesses, operating under high pressure. In addition, pipeline steels for sour service must exhibit good Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) and Sulphide Stress Corrosion Cracking (SSCC) resistance. This study evaluates the susceptibility of API 5L-X80 girth welds to SSCC and Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE). Slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests and Hydrogen Permeation tests were performed at room temperature, in different acidic environment containing sodium thiosulfate solutions. Most of the SSRT tests undertaken in solution, showed a loss of ductility and a decrease in the reduction of area, as compared with tests conducted in air. The susceptibility to HE and potentially SSCC was evidenced by a reduction in ductility in the SSRT tests and an increase in the hydrogen permeation current values, for almost all welded joints. This was observed with greater intensity for the more acidic test solutions (pH = 3.4), while for the less acidic test solutions (pH = 4.4) little loss of ductility was observed and the hydrogen permeation current remained at values close to zero, indicating little or no permeation of hydrogen through the metal for the testing times applied. The behaviour exhibited by the samples tested in the more acidic solutions was attributed to the dissolution of material from the sample together with hydrogen embrittlement. These results confirmed that the use of sodium thiosulfate solutions to generate H2S, permits the study of phenomena related to SCC in environments containing sulphides.

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Samarasinghe, S., L. Naranpanawe, D. Martin, H. Me y T. K. Saha. "Finite Element Analysis on On-load Tap Changer (OLTC) Tap Selector Electrical Breakdown Mechanism Caused by Silver Sulphide Corrosion". En 2019 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm40551.2019.8973593.

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Informes sobre el tema "Sulphide corrosion"

Clayton, Clive R. A Surface Analytical Investigation of the Influence of Sulphate Reducing Bacteria on Metallic Corrosion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262357.

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