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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Suivis acoustiques passifs"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Suivis acoustiques passifs"
Louise M. Soanes, Devon Carter, Laurel Braden Symes, Jennifer C. Daltry, Holger Klinck, Clarissa Lloyd y Farah Mukhida. "Passive acoustic monitoring of birds in the Lesser Antilles—a useful tool for monitoring remote sites?" Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 36 (22 de agosto de 2023): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2023.36.62-74.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Suivis acoustiques passifs"
Mariton, Léa. "Taking light pollution effects on biodiversity into account in conservation measures : challenges and prospects. Case study of European bat species". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS011.
Texto completoElectric lights have proliferated rapidly over the last century and have changed the night-time environment globally. Over the past decades, scientific studies have shown the effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on biodiversity. Light pollution has been shown to disrupt a wide range of ecological processes and taxa. In this PhD, we aimed to fill some of the knowledge gaps that could prevent the effects of light pollution on biodiversity from being effectively addressed by mitigation measures. We used bats as model species because they are considered good indicators of the effect of anthropogenic pressures on biodiversity and because, being nocturnal, they are directly exposed to ALAN.We advocated considering the temporal distribution of species in conservation measures, a prerequisite being to have access to knowledge on their temporal ecology. We used data from a national bat monitoring program (Vigie-Chiro) based on acoustic monitoring to characterise bat diel activity patterns (9807 nights monitored, 20 species). We found that bat species could be separated into three functional groups characterised by a crepuscular activity, an activity that occurs when it is completely dark or an intermediate activity. We showed variations of diel activity patterns depending on the season. Accounting for these complex diel activity patterns would help to design efficient mitigation measures. For instance, it would allow the design of part-night lighting schemes covering the range of activity of the target species. Early emerging bats are mostly “light tolerant” species known to feed on insects attracted to lights. However, at the landscape scale, these species tend to be less abundant because of ALAN. This could be explained by disruptions in the diel activity patterns of bats due to ALAN, with potential consequences for population dynamics. Using the Vigie-Chiro dataset, we tested whether ALAN was responsible for such disruptions on a “light tolerant” species (Eptesicus serotinus). ALAN, and to a lesser extent moonlight, reduced its abundance. ALAN delayed activity, this delay was amplified during overcast nights, probably because cloud cover amplified skyglow. Further analyses suggested that two other “light tolerant” species might delay their activity because of ALAN. Thus, even “light tolerant” species should be protected from light pollution. Where it is not possible to switch off lights, other mitigation measures include changing the intensity, directionality and spectrum of light. Many countries are retrofitting lighting equipment with light emitting diodes (LEDs). Despite potential impacts on biodiversity, few studies have focused on this shift. By reanalysing the data from a previously published study, we found that changes in light spectrum and intensity during such a shift have additive and interactive effects on bats. Bat activity decreased with increasing LED intensity. Using the Vigie-Chiro dataset, we showed that the adoption of LEDs would decrease landscape connectivity for bats, with this impact possibly being mitigated by better orienting the light flux. We recommended using LEDs with warmer colours and reduced light intensity. Multiscale spatiotemporal approaches are needed to assess ALAN effect on biodiversity. Although some knowledge gaps remain, there is overwhelming evidence of the impact of light pollution on ecosystems. Mitigation measures are being developed, so there is a need to assess their effectiveness and possible improvements. Considering the reduction of ALAN at the landscape scale is a necessary next step, hence the emergence of the concept of dark ecological networks. A transdisciplinary project on lighting practices and their evolution in municipalities was initiated during this PhD. Indeed, as ALAN has not only ecological but also health and socio-cultural implications, a transdisciplinary perspective is needed to shift the paradigm from conventional lighting to new forms of lighting
Patris, Julie. "Contributions en méthodes pour le suivi de mysticètes par acoustique passive". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0016.
Texto completoPassive acoustic monitoring has a growing importance in marine mammals studies. This work is concerned with the largest of marine mammals, the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus). We obtained a new corpus of acoustic data in the northern part of Chile, in the Humboldt archipelago. We show the presence of a song characteristic of the 'Chilean' blue whale, formerly described in southern Chile and Galapagos islands. Based on this sang type, we propose new methods of analysing and classifying pulsed sounds. Using the fundamental frequency thus obtained, we analyse the blue whale's sang, showing a general evolution of the frequency on a decadal scale. We also construct a method of monohydrophone source localisation based on high performance simulation of the acoustic wave field, by spectral elements methods. We conclude emphasizing on the importance of bioacoustic for monitoring the marine world
Magnier, Caroline. "Production acoustique d'une flottille côtière : Application au suivi environnemental et à l'identification automatisée de sources sonores anthropiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU040/document.
Texto completoMarine traffic is the main contributor to anthropogenic underwater noise: since the 1970s, the increase in deep-sea shipping has increased the ambient noise by more than 10 dB in some areas. In response to this concern, the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) recommends acoustic monitoring. Few studies are concerned with coastal activity and the noises radiated by small craft while these coastal environments are the purveyors of 41.7% of the ecosystem services produced by the oceans.Between the academic and the industrial world, this PhD was to answer the different scientific and industrial questions on the topic of the coastal traffic in terms of the influence in the soundscape and the detection and classification of the coastal craft.Without information on the coastal maritime traffic, a visual identification protocol is proposed using GoPro® images processing and produced the same data as the AIS (position, speed, size and type of craft); It allows to create maritime traffic maps on a disk of 1.6km radius. The traffic is characterized by two acoustic descriptors: the SPL linked to the distance of the nearest boat and the ANL linked to the number of boats present in a 500 m radius disc. The spatiotemporal monitoring of these descriptors allows to identify the impact on the maritime traffic on the coastal acoustic landscape. The acoustic detection and the classification are performed after individual characterization of the noise by a set of acoustic parameters and using of supervised machine learning algorithm. A specific protocol for the creation of the classification tree is proposed by comparing the acoustic data with the physical and contextual characteristics of each boat.The methods are applied on the flotilla of coastal boats present in the Bay of Calvi (Corsica) during summer
Papin, Morgane. "Apport de la bioacoustique pour le suivi d’une espèce discrète : le Loup gris (Canis lupus)". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0258/document.
Texto completoThe growing number of studies carried out in recent years has shown that bioacoustics is particularly interesting for the monitoring of secretive species. The emergence of autonomous recording devices, combined with new methods of analysis, have recently contributed to the increase of studies in this field. Over the last 30 years, many bioacoustic studies have been developed for the Grey wolf (Canis lupus), a secretive large carnivore known for its howls spreading over distances up to several kilometers. These researches notably aimed to improve its monitoring, which is complex because of the strong wolf dispersal capacities over long distances, the large extent of their territories and the various natural contexts in which they live. In this context, this PhD thesis was organized around three research axes. The first two axes focused on the contribution of passive bioacoustics for the Grey wolf monitoring in the field. By combining acoustic, statistical and cartographic analysis, the first objective was to develop a spatial sampling method adapted to large study areas for the detection of wolf howls by using autonomous recorders. Then, the same protocol was used to investigate the possibility to localize wolves thanks to their howls. Field experimentations, conducted in mid-mountain (Massif des Vosges) and lowland (Côtes de Meuse) environments, in two study areas of 30 km² and with an array of 20 autonomous recorders, demonstrated the high potential of passive bioacoustics for the Grey wolf monitoring. Indeed, nearly 70% of broadcasts (synthetic sound with similar acoustic properties to howls) were detected by at least one autonomous recorder in mid-mountain environment and more than 80% in lowland environment, for sound source-recorders distances of up to 2.7 km and 3.5 km respectively. By using statistical model and Geographic Information System, the detection probability of wolf howls was modeled in both study areas. In the mid-mountain environment, this detection probability was high or very high (greater than 0.5) in 5.72 km² of the study area, compared with 21.43 km² in lowland environment. The broadcast sites were localized with an overall mean accuracy of 315 ± 617 (SD) m, reducing until 167 ± 308 (SD) m after setting a temporal error threshold defined from the data distribution. The third axe focused on the application of acoustic diversity indices to estimate the number of howling wolves in choruses and thus to contribute to pack size monitoring. Index values of the six indices (H, Ht, Hf, AR, M, and ACI) were positively correlated with the number of howling wolves in the artificial tested choruses. Interesting size predictions based on real choruses were obtained with one of the indices (ACI). The effects of several biases on the reference values for the acoustic indices were then explored, showing that three of them were relatively insensitive (Hf, AR and, ACI). Finally, results obtained with autonomous recorders confirm the real potential of passive acoustic methods for detecting the presence of wolves but also for localizing individuals with high precision, in contrasting natural environments, at large spatial and temporal scales. The use of acoustic diversity indices also opens new perspectives for estimating pack sizes. All of the promising methods emerging from this thesis require now further investigations before considering a concrete application for monitoring the Grey wolf in its natural environment
Élise, Simon. "Développement d’indices écoacoustiques pour caractériser et suivre l’état et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes coralliens". Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0041.
Texto completoCoral reefs are the most complex of marine ecosystems, but also the most threatened by ecological disruption resulting directly or indirectly from human activities. Their conservation represents a huge challenge. While maintaining coral reefs as close as possible to their current configurations and dynamics is among the highest priorities, we must also prepare for rapid changes in their functioning and adapt monitoring tools and networks to this new situation. Recent technological advances enabled the emergence of innovative tools with the potential to drastically increase the spatio-temporal resolution of coral reef monitoring. Among these, Passive Acoustic Monitoring (PAM) is on the rise. The aim of this thesis was to improve and facilitate the use of PAM as a tool for the assessment and monitoring of coral reefs’ ecological states and functioning. Soundscape recordings and ecological surveys (reef fish assemblages and habitat) were performed at 31 outer reef slope sites around three Indo-Pacific islands with variable environmental characteristics, including contrasted anthropogenic pressures. Analysing the results obtained with multiple combinations of sampling settings (frequency bandwidth, time of sampling (day/night), and sample duration) allowed the selection of a sampling scheme based on the two types of indices mostly used in coral reef studies. This scheme enables a rapid and reliable categorisation of reef’s ecological states. Based on these sampling guidelines, the capacity of six ecoacoustic indices to evaluate coral reef key functions was demonstrated. By comparing the contributions of PAM and coarse environmental data that could be sampled remotely, the added value of using ecoacoustic indices to predict reef fish assemblage structure was identified and quantified. An application of ecoacoustics to the continuous monitoring of a remote site highlighted the strong potential of PAM as a supporting tool for managers in such context. In view of the amplitude and velocity of expected climatic changes, current observer-based monitoring methods are likely to be exceeded. Combined to other monitoring tools, PAM could contribute to promptly detect ecosystem disturbances, which is essential to understand their causes and put in place rapid and adapted responses