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Sheley, Roger L., Tony J. Svejcar y Bruce D. Maxwell. "A Theoretical Framework for Developing Successional Weed Management Strategies on Rangeland". Weed Technology 10, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1996): 766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00040793.
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Sustainable rangeland management will require successional strategies to deal with the expanding weed problem. These strategies must be consistent with the view that plant communities are dynamic and technology is used to enhance the natural processes and mechanisms that direct vegetation change. The goal is to shift the dynamics toward a desired plant community. A unified conceptual model is necessary to direct the development and application of successional weed management systems. We propose using a resource management model as a conceptual basis for successional weed management. This model is based on the primary causes of succession: site availability, differential species availability, and differential species performance. This model provides the mechanistic framework necessary for developing successional weed management systems and it is meant to enhance communication among rangeland weed managers and scientists.
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Blundon, D. J., D. A. MacIsaac y M. R. T. Dale. "Nucleation during primary succession in the Canadian Rockies". Canadian Journal of Botany 71, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1993): 1093–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-127.
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A study of nucleation during primary succession was carried out on age sequences of communities at two sites in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: one at the Mount Robson moraines, British Columbia, the other at Southeast Lyell Glacier, Alberta. The study concentrated on the associations of species with the nitrogen-fixing plants Hedysarum boreale var. mackenzii at Mount Robson moraines and Dryas drummondii at Southeast Lyell Glacier because those plants might serve as nuclei for colonization by other species, thus facilitating succession. The data show that recruitment of later successional species is greater in patches of the two pioneer species, but the fact that recruitment takes place away from the plants also suggests that although there is nucleation, it is not necessary for succession at these sites. Key words: colonization, nitrogen fixation, nucleation, succession.
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Krawczyk, Robert. "Afforestation and secondary succession". Forest Research Papers 75, n.º 4 (4 de marzo de 2015): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2014-0039.
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Abstract Secondary succession is a long and complicated natural process returning forests to post agricultural lands, whereas afforestation is an attempt to speed up this process by planting trees. Massive afforestation in the twentieth century brought an increase in forest area in Poland along with management problems in these areas due to disturbances caused by root diseases. Therefore it appears necessary to employ successional processes more fully in order to create sustainable forest ecosystems.
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Schiefer, Jasmin, Margarethe Überwimmer, Robert Füreder y Yasel Costa. "Obstacles and Challenges of Business Succession in Central Europe". JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 4, n.º 5 (2019): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.45.3004.
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The transfer of a business to the next generation is a very important issue entailing several different social and economic influences. Failed business successions cause a loss of jobs, company knowledge and innovation potential. Creating an environment where business transfer is supported should therefore be of major importance for company owners and for policy makers. For better succession planning it is important to know the obstacles and challenges associated with business succession. Especially Eastern European countries face many challenges as these countries have no experience in business succession. To analyze the obstacles and challenges of business succession in Central Europe, three Eastern countries (CZ, SK and PL) with no experience in business succession were analyzed and compared to Austria where half of family businesses are at least in their second generation. Literature analysis and two focus groups with stakeholders (local public authorities and private entrepreneurs) were undertaken in all four countries. The results show that one of the main obstacles and challenges for business succession is the absence of a successor. Especially in Austria, this is recognized as the main obstacle. The Eastern countries (CZ, SK and PL) face different challenges to Austria that can mainly be explained by the lack of experience and supporting schemes for business succession. Especially knowledge and awareness related obstacles play an important role in Eastern European countries. Business succession is an individual process involving many emotions; therefore psychological and social issues are perceived as a huge obstacle in each analyzed country. Austria has a lot of experience with successful business transfers and offers various support mechanisms. However, many similar problems to Eastern countries were detected. A change of the business succession environment and the raising of awareness of the topic is therefore necessary in all investigated countries.
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Kozaczek, Jan. "A new institution of economic law – succession management. Legal analysis". Roczniki Administracji i Prawa specjalny, n.º XIX (30 de diciembre de 2019): 337–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1043.
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By introducing the act on the succession management of a natural person’s enterprise, the economic activity may be continued, despite the entrepreneur’s death. On the basis of this solution, a natural person (entrepreneur) may appoint legal successors (heirs) in order to make a decision concerning further location and functioning of economic activity. The aim of the article is, therefore, to familiarize readers with this new institution and to recommend that in the above case a successive manager should be appointed in advance, which may enable continuation of business activity. The advantage of the article is, thus, presentation of a practical approach to the considered issues within the area of succession management. The article includes many valuable remarks and guidelines for entrepreneurs, which are necessary to understand and to make use of this institution.
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Molly, Vincent, Eddy Laveren y Marc Deloof. "Family Business Succession and Its Impact on Financial Structure and Performance". Family Business Review 23, n.º 2 (junio de 2010): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089448651002300203.
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In this article the authors study the impact of a family business transfer on the financial structure and performance based on a sample of 152 small- to medium-sized businesses. The aim is to identify the effects of a succession by relying on panel data gathered over the period 1991 to 2006 resulting in more than 2,000 firm–year observations. The main findings are that a transfer from the first to the second generation negatively influences the debt rate of the company, whereas in successions between later generations this effect is reversed. With respect to firm growth, analyses indicate that in first-generation companies the growth rate decreases after the transition, whereas in next-generation firms no effect on the growth level can be identified. Finally, no evidence is found that a family firm's profitability is affected by succession, which shows that a transfer should not necessarily be seen as a negative event in the life cycle of a family business.
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Tipper, John C. "Do seismic reflections necessarily have chronostratigraphic significance?" Geological Magazine 130, n.º 1 (enero de 1993): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800023712.
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AbstractMany seismic reflections from within sedimentary successions are thought to be generated along stratal surfaces because those surfaces are laterally continuous and have marked acoustic impedance contrasts. As stratal surfaces are isochronous, those reflections are then also taken as being chronostratigraphically significant. In contrast, seismic reflections are thought not to be generated along the boundaries of lithostratigraphic units because those boundaries are discontinuous and gradational. Nevertheless, synthetic seismic analysis shows that seismic reflections should in many circumstances be expected to follow lithostratigraphic unit boundaries, not stratal surfaces. As these lithostratigraphic unit boundaries will generally be diachronous, seismic reflections from within sedimentary successions should evidently not be treated as necessarily having chronostratigraphic significance.
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Idrissa, Soumana, Iro Dan Guimbo, Tougiani Abasse, Guero Yadji y Mahamane Ali. "Mechanisms, Determinants and Model of Early Succession on the Lateritic Plateau of the Sahelian Part of Western Niger". Environment and Natural Resources Research 6, n.º 3 (19 de julio de 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v6n3p25.
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<p class="1Body">Western Niger lateritic plateaux formally occupied by tiger bush are mainly secondary ecosystems affected by crusting and soil compaction that impedes infiltration and induces intense erosion, which hampered lowlands millet fields. Restoration of these plateaux is essential, but, failure is frequently reported about early species establishment. It’s therefore necessary to examine the mechanisms and factors of early plants recovery which are important for vegetation restoration. Vegetation data have been recorded in 31 plots, at four sites with similar environmental characteristics and different land use histories: Unrevegetated area, 1-3-years old revegetated area, 6-years old revegetated area and 14-years old revegetated area. We also measured 16 environmental variables in each plot to examine the driving forces of succession and the vegetation-environment relationships. TWINSPAN results revealed that plant species could be classified into six plant communities representing 4 succession stages. The DCA confirm TWINSPAN classification and indicated two gradients of succession: land condition and successional age. According to the CCA and the Monte Carlo tests, the determinants of succession are succession age, covers of gravel crusts, erosive crusts, barren soil, plants and litter, soil pH, soil contents of organic carbon, organic matter, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, total of basic cations and Cation exchange capacity. The chronological changes in plant communities associated with environmental variables contribute to plant assemblage and vegetation development. Since, the environmental variables are able to change with succession age, succession pathways can be divergent, but in the present study it becomes convergent at late stage. As each stage can be structured by more than one plant community, the model of restoring degraded lateritic is closer to alternative stable states model.</p>
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Muhammed, Dahiru D., Naboth Simon, James E. P. Utley, Iris T. E. Verhagen, Robert A. Duller, Joshua Griffiths, Luke J. Wooldridge y Richard H. Worden. "Geochemistry of Sub-Depositional Environments in Estuarine Sediments: Development of an Approach to Predict Palaeo-Environments from Holocene Cores". Geosciences 12, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010023.
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In the quest to use modern analogues to understand clay mineral distribution patterns to better predict clay mineral occurrence in ancient and deeply buried sandstones, it has been necessary to define palaeo sub-environments from cores through modern sediment successions. Holocene cores from Ravenglass in the NW of England, United Kingdom, contained metre-thick successions of massive sand that could not be unequivocally interpreted in terms of palaeo sub-environments using conventional descriptive logging facies analysis. We have therefore explored the use of geochemical data from portable X-ray fluorescence analyses, from whole-sediment samples, to develop a tool to uniquely define the palaeo sub-environment based on geochemical data. This work was carried out through mapping and defining sub-depositional environments in the Ravenglass Estuary and collecting 497 surface samples for analysis. Using R statistical software, we produced a classification tree based on surface geochemical data from Ravenglass that can take compositional data for any sediment sample from the core or the surface and define the sub-depositional environment. The classification tree allowed us to geochemically define ten out of eleven of the sub-depositional environments from the Ravenglass Estuary surface sediments. We applied the classification tree to a core drilled through the Holocene succession at Ravenglass, which allowed us to identify the dominant paleo sub-depositional environments. A texturally featureless (massive) metre-thick succession, that had defied interpretation based on core description, was successfully related to a palaeo sub-depositional environment using the geochemical classification approach. Calibrated geochemical classification models may prove to be widely applicable to the interpretation of sub-depositional environments from other marginal marine environments and even from ancient and deeply buried estuarine sandstones.
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Perricone, Philip J., John R. Earle y Ian M. Taplin. "Patterns of Succession and Continuity in Family-Owned Businesses: Study of an Ethnic Community". Family Business Review 14, n.º 2 (junio de 2001): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00105.x.
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This paper examines ways in which patriarchalqfamilistic cultural systems condition responses to the kinds of social and economic changes that challenge family-owned businesses. Using a case study of an ethnic enclave in the southeastern United States, the paper looks at intergenerational succession, paying particular attention to how small firms manage to transfer control within the family. Key to successful transfer is the presence of trust and the utilization of social capital as well as the ability of successive generations to acquire skills that enable them to identify new market niches. The manuscript also discusses how firms manage conflict between old and new ideas, develop informal mechanisms for incorporating new ideas, and maintain the flexibility necessary for market survival.
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Poeschl, Alexander y Joerg Freiling. "The way toward a new entrepreneurial balance in business succession processes". Journal of Organizational Change Management 33, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2019): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-04-2019-0107.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the under-researched family-external business succession process. It makes use of entrepreneurship theory in order to conceptualize this temporal process. This allows for an operationalization of entrepreneurial functions and tracking them during the two main phases of such processes. This study provides a starting point for further endeavors into researching family-external succession processes. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on an explorative, quasi-longitudinal, qualitative and multiple case-study approach. It became possible to create trust with stakeholders in three family firms and to conduct face-to-face interviews with a total of 12 interviewees, generating over 300 transcript pages. The case interviews were validated through two expert interviews. A priori research propositions were tested and modified, if deemed necessary. Findings Entrepreneurial functions during the two main phases of the process seem to be carried out and aligned depending on several influencing factors: delegation of responsibilities from owner-managers to qualified employees; incumbent owner-managers being heavily involved in the succession’s facilitation and neglecting some entrepreneurial functions; and as a result new owner-managers being forced to prioritize certain functions in the second phase. Originality/value This paper benefits from a rather unique access to three family firms undergoing succession in the DACH-region. Therefore, it became possible to study the family-external succession process by including various stakeholders involved. Such an inclusion of perspectives has been suggested by family business scholars for a long time.
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Arumugam, PT y MC Geddes. "Effects of golden perch (Macquaria ambigua (Richardson)) larvae, fry and fingerlings on zooplankton communities in larval-rearing ponds: An enclosure study". Marine and Freshwater Research 47, n.º 6 (1996): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9960837.
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In the absence of fish, the plankton community in enclosures in a larval-rearing pond showed a marked successional pattern from rotifers and Moina to copepod and then Daphnia-calanoid dominance. The impact of growing larvae and fry, with densities of 40-118 m-2 at harvest, on zooplankton was conspicuous only after Day 22 when Daphnia became rare and calanoid numbers were suppressed. Predation by fry caused reductions in the size of Moina, cyclopoids and calanoids found. An increase in Daphnia size, 'gigantism', occurred because of limitations in the mouth gape of the fry. Low densities of fingerlings (0.65 g wet weight and stocked at 1 and 2 m-2) had little effect on zooplankton succession, whereas high density (15 fingerlings m-2) caused a shift to a zooplankton community dominated by small cladocerans, rotifers and cyclopoids. High fingerling density also caused a reduction in the size of the microcrustaceans found. The size and density of fish determined their impact on zooplankton composition and succession, demonstrating that similar starting times and consistency in fish density are necessary in obtaining 'sensible' statistical inferences in field fish-zooplankton experiments.
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Coelho, Geraldo Ceni, Marivana da Silva Rigo, Juliana Boniatti Libardoni, Rosemeri de Oliveira y Glaci Benvenuti-Ferreira. "Understory structure in two successional stages of a Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest remnant of Southern Brazil". Biota Neotropica 11, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2011): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032011000300004.
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The knowledge of structure and composition of forest strata contributes to understanding the conservation status and dynamics of plant communities. The study of forest understory is important to the knowledge of the succession process. The Seasonal Subtropical Forest remnant named Mato do Silva (27º 55'26" S and 53º 53'15" W) was studied aiming to describe the structure of understory in the late successional forest (LF) and in the young secondary forest (SF), an 11 years old post-agricultural site with canopy dominance of Ateleia glazioveana Baill. The phytosociological survey was carried out through the point quarter method and included individuals of tree and shrub species from 0.5 to 3.0 m of height. The sampling consisted of 384 individuals in LF (67 species) and 284 individuals in SF (20 species). A total of 79 species were observed, and only eight species occurred in both areas. The specific diversity (H') was 3.45 and 2.42 nats in the understory of LF and SF, respectively. The Pielou's evenness index (J) was 0.85 to LF and 0.80 to SF, respectively. Cupania vernalis Camb. and Psychotria leiocarpa Müll. Arg. were the prominent species in the LF while A. glazioveana and Solanum mauritianum Scop. were outstanding in the SF understory. Shade-tolerant and late secondary tree species occurred in large proportion in the LF forest, while pioneers and early secondary tree species predominated in the SF. In addition, certain dominant species in the understory of the SF were absent in the LF understory, such as A. glazioveana, Solanum compressum L. B. Sm. & Downs, Helietta apiculata Bentham and Gledtisia amorphoides (Griseb.) Taubert, which indicates that such species are associated to early stages of forest succession. G. amorphoides is considered an endangered species, and the early successional stages could be necessary for conservation of this species. A decrease in the pH and mineral nutrient levels in the soil was linked to the successional process, indicating the transference of nutrients to the aboveground biomass.
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Schreiner, A., P. Decker, K. Hannig y A. Schwerk. "Millipede and centipede (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda) assemblages in secondary succession: variance and abundance in Western German beech and coniferous forests as compared to fallow ground". Web Ecology 12, n.º 1 (2 de mayo de 2012): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-12-9-2012.
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Abstract. Successional processes are an important element of commercial-forest ecosystems. They can be followed by studying the species composition of various animal groups, e.g. millipedes. Over the vegetation periods 2009 and 2010, we pitfall-trapped millipedes and centipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda, Chilopoda) on 21 Western German (North Rhine-Westphalian) deciduous and coniferous forest as well as fallow-ground sites of increasing age (1–165 yr) and determined them to the species and sex. Diplopoda (2009: 1659/2010: 3417 individuals) outnumbered the trapped Chilopoda (2009: 37/2010: 111 individuals) by far while the general catching results approximately doubled from 2009 to 2010. Indirect gradient analysis (CA) revealed that the influence of the habitat type on the formation of diplopod assemblages exceeded the influence of the successional stage. Although no clear trend in individual-count development over time occurred in most species detected, Julus scandinavius (Latzel, 1884) significantly increased in numbers with ageing of the deciduous (beech) forests. In conclusion, J. scandinavius may be a suitable bioindicator of deciduous-forest succession. More data are necessary to transfer our results into a mathematical function describing the course of increasing J. scandinavius abundance.
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Apostolova, Iva, Magdalena Valcheva, Desislava Sopotlieva, Nikolay Velev, Anna Ganeva y Georgi Nekhrizov. "Natural Vegetation Recovery on Excavated Archaeological Sites: A Case Study of Ancient Burial Mounds in Bulgaria". Sustainability 14, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 2022): 7318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127318.
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As a distinctive component of the cultural landscape in Eurasia, burial mounds are well known for their historical value. Recently their role as biodiversity hotspots, especially in the homogenous agricultural landscape, has become particularly important. Archaeological excavations, although necessary, are destructive to the natural elements on the mounds. Restoration and vegetation recovery after such disturbances are needed for the preservation of biodiversity and for the cultural landscape integrity. In this study, we aimed to find out how effective is the natural vegetation recovery on the mounds after archaeological excavations. Successional stages between 2- and 30-years post-excavations have been studied. Vegetation sampling was performed on 15 mounds within 300 plots (1 × 1 m). Spontaneous succession was found to start immediately, and during the first decade, anthropophytes prevailed. In the subsequent years, their cover significantly decreased at the expense of species typical for the natural communities in the surroundings. Total species richness increased with the successional age and the vegetation composition became more similar to the semi-natural communities commonly established on mounds in Bulgaria. In the advanced successional stages, we registered a high rate of heterogeneity on the mounds, facilitated by the establishment of target plant species with different ecological requirements, including bryophytes. Provided the obtained results, we conclude that the natural vegetation recovery on the excavated and subsequently recovered mounds were very successful, and the current practice must continue in the future.
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GeFellers, James Wade, David A. Buehler, Christopher E. Moorman, John M. Zobel y Craig A. Harper. "Seeding is not always necessary to restore native early successional plant communities". Restoration Ecology 28, n.º 6 (21 de octubre de 2020): 1485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rec.13249.
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Danilenko-Dixon, D., L. Mattson, K. Johansen, J. VanWinter, H. Li y P. Ogburn. "Is it necessary to screen for gestational diabetes in each successive pregnancy". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 176, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): S183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(97)80713-2.
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Campos, Heloísa Cursi, Peter J. Urcuioli y Melissa Swisher. "Concurrent identity training is not necessary for associative symmetry in successive matching". Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 101, n.º 1 (30 de septiembre de 2013): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.51.
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Chiang, Hsiangtsai y Huey Jiuan Yu. "Succession and corporate performance: the appropriate successor in family firms". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, n.º 1 (23 de enero de 2018): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.07.
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Among the founders of family firms, succession is the greatest challenge to long-term success. According to The Family Firm Institute (n.d.), only about 30% of family businesses survive into the second generation, 12% are still viable into the third generation, and only about 3% of all family businesses operate into the fourth generation or beyond. In contrast to Western countries, the sustainable development of family-owned enterprises within Chinese society must rely on the operation of enterprises. Succession, being inevitable, can reduce the value of a company. This study sought to identify the appropriate succession plan to maintain business value and family’s wealth. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between a family’s succession, the successor, and firm performance. The sample is comprised of listed firms in Taiwan with necessary data from the Taiwan Economic Journal Database (TEJ). The period extends from 1996 till 2016. Securities, financial firms, and other elements of incomplete information are excluded from the sample. The research sample including 1,286 firms and 13,849 firm-year data, 2,918 of which indicate succession issues. This study employed regression model and investigated the relationships between family succession, the successor, and corporate performance. The main findings indicate that succession negatively influences corporate performance. However, an internal successor is better than an external one, and children successors are better than other relatives.
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Melin, Leif y Lars-Göran Sund. "Intergenerational Ownership Succession- A Stakeholder Perspective". European Business Law Review 24, Issue 4 (1 de agosto de 2013): 407–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2013021.
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The key to a successful transfer, of ownership of family-owned and headed businesses, to the younger generation is in most cases the incumbent. However, there are close and non-close stakeholders who wish to protect their interests. The main purpose of this article is to map the stakeholders in two models, as well as to analyze their interests and possible legal tools when intervening in an ownership succession process. Our reasoning is supported by descriptive data from a recent empirical study. Incumbents are presumed to be aware of the conflicting interests and their potential impacts. It is no wonder, that they hesitate to take the necessary initiative in a succession process! We analyze how consultants can provide a helping hand.
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Šlezingr, Miloslav. "Bankside trees and shrubs - specifics of the proposal for the vegetation arrangement". E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500083.
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Bankside trees and shrubs are an important element in landscape enhancement. Within stream regulation, we should try to propose necessary interventions to the river profile and its closest surroundings with maximum respect for existing vegetation. Having carried out technical adjustments, it is necessary to propose, in liaison with competent specialists, and to provide for the implementation of new planting, or reconstruction of riparian and accompanying stands. The planting of, and the consequential care for, bankside trees and shrubs should not be underestimated as unplanted areas within natural succession become overgrown with self-seeding species whose unsuitable location and species structure may impair the stability of slopes, flow ratios in the riverbed and, even in aesthetical terms, they do not have to necessarily make a good impression.
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Souza, G. M., R. V. Ribeiro, M. G. Santos, H. L. Ribeiro y R. F. Oliveira. "Functional groups of forest succession as dissipative structures: an applied study". Brazilian Journal of Biology 64, n.º 3b (agosto de 2004): 707–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842004000400020.
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This study tested the hypothesis that dissipative efficiency of tropical tree species could be an ecological advantage in the forest succession process. Daily leaf gas exchanges of a pioneer species (Guazuma ulmifolia) and a late successional species (Cariniana legalis) were evaluated under well-irrigated conditions and by withholding irrigation. Analyses of network connectance (Cg) and plant autonomy (At) were carried out in order to assess metabolic network changes in response to environmental perturbation. As a global estimation of latent heat dissipation, the capacity to both maintain and cool leaf temperature in response to air temperature changes (deltaT = TºCair - TºCleaf) was evaluated. The changes observed in both the systemic parameters (Cg and At) and the physiological ones brought about by water deficit, associated with discrepant growth rates between both species, suggested that the initial formation of gap canopies composed by pioneer species could simply be a result of the higher photosynthetic rates of these species, and not necessarily because late successional species cannot cope with such a heterogeneous environment as that of a gap. Our results indicate that, in the absence of water constraints, the highest CO2 assimilation rates of pioneer species are supported by the efficiency of the whole dissipative structure, involving both degradation and dissipative processes. As a practical result, our study suggests the deltaT analysis in order to evaluate the efficiency of dissipative structures and as a aid in characterizing functional groups.
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McBryde, William W. y George L. Gretton. "Sequestration and the Spes Successionis". Edinburgh Law Review 4, n.º 2 (mayo de 2000): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2000.4.2.129.
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Practical and theoretical problems arise from the vesting in a permanent trustee in sequestration of legal rights, rights under a will and rights under an established trust. This article considers the meaning of s 31(5) of the Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1985, particularly in the context of what happens after a debtor has been discharged. The various arguments are analysed in detail, with a consideration of the history and policy of the law. Although the authors differ on what the current law is, they both conclude that reform is necessary.
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Di Lollo, Vincent, Walter F. Bischof y Peter Dixon. "Stimulus-Onset Asynchrony Is Not Necessary for Motion Perception or Metacontrast Masking". Psychological Science 4, n.º 4 (julio de 1993): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00272.x.
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Coherent directional motion is seen if a translated image is displayed in two sequential frames (F1 and F2). In a related paradigm—metacontrast masking—the mask (F2) reduces the visibility of the target (F1). Although strict temporal succession has been considered essential in both paradigms, we obtained both coherent motion and metacontrast masking with simultaneous onsets of F1 and F2, provided that F2 outlasted F1. Computational models of motion sensors are inherently capable of explaining these results, but inhibitory theories of metacontrast masking are disconfirmed.
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Sobiecki, Prof Roman. "Is succession a problem for family businesses?" Kwartalnik Nauk o Przedsiębiorstwie 46, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2018): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0963.
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Family businesses constitute the oldest form of doing business. They connect three ele-ments: a family, an ownership and a company. The element that distinguishes family busi-nesses from non-family ones is succession. To keep a family character, it is necessary to pass it to the next generations. The main objective of this essay is to draw attention to the issue of succession that is currently faced by many companies in Poland and other coun-tries. Improper execution of the generational change can lead to a demise of the company. The Author discusses various new initiatives and undertakings that aim at supporting the companies in the process of transferring management to the successors. Moreover, he emphasises the importance of preparation of the successors themselves to take the re-sponsibility for the family company.
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VanVactor, Jerry D. "Healthcare succession management: are we ready?" International Journal of Public Leadership 11, n.º 2 (11 de mayo de 2015): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-11-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present practicing management professionals with a model related to succession management and planning. Design/methodology/approach – Using a review of existent literature, this work examines and expounds upon the impact of succession management and planning as a potential genesis of, and an opportunity to mitigate, organizational problems related to senior executive turnover. Findings – This manuscript presents a succession management and planning model for practicing professionals that is based on three key tenets: first, a plan (of some sort) is necessary for corporate resilience and sustainability; second, an organization has in inherent responsibility and need to plan for replacements and prioritize allocation of resources; and third, succession management planning aids in the establishment of organizational resilience and stability amid contingencies. Practical implications – This work examines how, ultimately, succession management and planning is a means to risk/crisis management aimed at reducing gaps and associated problems related to changes among human capital distribution. Social implications – While this work is written with emphasis placed upon managing transition among healthcare organizations and personnel, the information is equally relevant and applicable to a broader audience. In an applied sense, this model provides management professionals with concepts related to orchestrating change at both the individual and organizational levels. Originality/value – While there is a dearth of literature examining succession management in a variety of industries, little information is directed specifically toward healthcare. This manuscript provides concepts related to effective risk mitigation via defined succession management and planning.
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MOROZOVA, Nonna Antonovna, Raisa Mikhaylovna KULICHENKO, Vladimir Fedorovich PENKOV y Andrey Yurevich KURIN. "ACADEMIC LITERACY IN THE ADVANCED SYSTEM TRAINING OF A COMPETENT SPECIALIST". Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, n.º 176 (2018): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-176-7-13.
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In the system of training a modern competent graduate of a Russian university, one of the ways to improve it is to include in the content of his training discipline “Academic writing”. At the same time, in the context of the principles of succession and continuity, it is necessary to deepen and expand the content of the discipline, increase the number of practical classes, the result of which will be the qualitative writing of scientific texts by students, and ultimately, the scientifically competent writing of the text of the research performed by them. On the basis of the principles of succession and continuity, the stages of development of academic writing at the successive school and university educational levels are presented. It is shown that the training in the course “Academic writing” will form the academic communicative written and verbal competence, that is, to form knowledge about how to write a term paper, graduate work and other types of written texts; knowledge of various methods of working with text information; the ability to write such works, the ability to make a scientific report publicly; possession of the skills of structuring the text and building logical relationships. In general, the analysis has helped to identify the need and necessity of inclusion in school and university curricula of the subject “Academic writing”; the need for the creation of training programs, the continuity of the textbooks, “Academic writing” for general and higher education; the obligation of identification or of training, retraining in the system of training specialists for the implementation of the teaching of this school subject, which will allow to improve the system of training modern competent professionals.
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Bohbot, Nathalie Lévy, Jacques Young, Jacques Orgiazzi, Catherine Buffet, Maud François, Brigitte Bernard-Chabert, Céline Lukas-Croisier y Brigitte Delemer. "Interferon-α-induced hyperthyroidism: a three-stage evolution from silent thyroiditis towards Graves’ disease". European Journal of Endocrinology 154, n.º 3 (marzo de 2006): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02104.
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Autoimmune thyroid disease is a common side-effect of interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment of viral hepatitis C. We have described three patients with hepatitis C for whom IFN-α and ribavirin were prescribed and who developed two successive phases of silent thyroiditis followed by hyperthryroidism relapse due to Graves’ disease. These three men had no known history of familial or personal thyroid disease. Destructive thyrotoxicosis appeared 4–6 months after starting IFN-α, followed by Graves’ hyperthyroidism within 8 to11 months. The thyrotropin (TSH) level was normal before IFN-α was started. The diagnosis of destructive thyroiditis was confirmed by anti-TSH receptor antibody (TSHRAb) negativity and the absence of radionuclide (123I or 99Tc) uptake on thyroid scintiscans. Eight to eleven months after starting treatment, TSHRAb positivity and intense scintigraphic uptake confirmed the appearance of Graves’ disease. IFN-α was continued in only one patient. Hence, hyperthyroidism induced by IFN-α could correspond to the first phase of silent thyroiditis, to Graves’ disease or to the succession of both. Rigorous diagnostic procedures with repeated scintiscans and TSHRAb titering are necessary to avoid a false diagnosis and inappropriate therapy.
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Campos Monaco, Gustavo Ferraz de. "Certa ojeriza do direito internacional privado brasileiro à autonomia conflitual em matéria patrimonial de família". Revista Electrónica de Direito 22, n.º 2 (junio de 2020): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2020-0002_0007.
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In the context of the management of the patrimony of international families, it is necessary to discuss not only the Brazilian conflict of laws rules regarding the marriage property regime - and its extension to stable unions - and succession (especially as a theme of succession planning), but also the difficulty to recognize the conflicting autonomy in matters of available right in Brazilian law.
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Virlouvet, Laetitia, Yong Ding, Hiroaki Fujii, Zoya Avramova y Michael Fromm. "ABA signaling is necessary but not sufficient forRD29Btranscriptional memory during successive dehydration stresses inArabidopsis thaliana". Plant Journal 79, n.º 1 (17 de junio de 2014): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12548.
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Dhondt, Frederik. "From Contract to Treaty. The Legal Transformation of the Spanish Succession 1659–1713". Journal of the History of International Law 13, n.º 2 (2011): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-13020004.
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The problem of the Spanish Succession kept the European diplomatic system in suspense from 1659 until 1713. Statesmen and diplomats tackled the question. Their practical vision of the law was a necessary complement to legal doctrine. Louis XIV and Emperor Leopold I used incompatible and absolute claims, which originated in private law and Spanish succession law. At the Peace of Utrecht, these arguments completely dissolved. The War of the Spanish Succession thus not only redesigned the political map of Europe: It altered the norm hierarchy in public law, strengthening international law as the framework of the 'Société des Princes'.
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CUNNINGHAM, JOHN BARTON y JANICE HO. "THE DYNAMICS OF GROWTH AND SUCCESSION IN ENTREPRENEURIAL ORGANISATIONS". Journal of Enterprising Culture 02, n.º 01 (marzo de 1994): 571–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495894000161.
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There are two sets of transitions which most family businesses face. (i) There are often conflicts between fathers, mothers, sons, daughters, and non-family members over who will take over the business. (ii) The family business is also responding to problems relating to growth and adaptation, and the need for management systems that goes beyond the persistence and personality of the founder. This paper provides a framework for understanding how these two processes are interlinked. Family and company transitions both require changes in the organisation’s direction and focus. This paper suggests that family and company transitions provoke different reactions making it necessary to respond in different ways.
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Bernardo, Luciana Virginia Mario y Maycon Jorge Ulisses Saraiva Farinha. "Continuity of rural family properties by generation transfer". Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 14, Supl. 1 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2021v14supl.1.e8053.
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Discussions concerning rural family succession have occurred more frequently due to different factors such as rural exodus, an aging rural population and loss of existing knowledge in a farm when there is none. We propose to analyze publications on succession in rural properties, highlighting its relationship with rural development. For this, the proposal of Fink (2010) was used as a framework for the systematic review of peer-reviewed journals. One can identify that succession in rural space is a complex action that occurs in different ways, and is influenced by individual issues. Moreover, in many cases, the current manager finds it difficult to understand the need to reduce and subsequently stop his/her work activities so that the successor can continue the management of the property. Moreover, succession planning is necessary in order to achieve a greater success in this process. Succession contributes to the continuity of traditional activities in the rural space, that is, food production.
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Pattnaik, Sarthak. "Perpetual succession limits the scope of an individual". International Journal of Law and Management 58, n.º 3 (9 de mayo de 2016): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-07-2015-0040.
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Purpose This paper aims to clarify the relationship between perpetual succession and individual perpetual succession is the continuation of a company’s or other association’s presence in spite of the demise, liquidation, insanity, change in enrollment or a way out from the matter of any proprietor or part, or any exchange of stock. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a study using the related case studies. Moreover, this paper has all the necessary examples that are required for perpetual succession. Findings The paper provides that any adjustment in participation of a company does not affect the status of the company, death, insolvency, insanity and so forth of any member from a company does not influence the progression of the company. Thus, the life of the company does not rely on the life of its member directors. It may proceed forever, independent of continuity of its members or directors except in case of winding up or liquidation of a company. Originality/value This paper is to study how perpetual succession limits the scope of an individual.
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Vieira Serra, Flávia Cristina y Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr. "Phytosociology, successional level, and conservation of the woody component in a "restinga" of Maranhão island, Brazil". Revista de Biología Tropical 69, n.º 2 (10 de junio de 2021): 743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v69i2.42265.
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Introduction: The “restingas” (coast vegetation) can serve as a species corridor in ecotonal environments due to the particulars regarding the composition of the flora. The studies covering the entire length of the Maranhão state coast are necessary to understand the diversity and distribution of plant species present in the “restingas”. Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize the structure and conservation of the woody vegetation of a “restinga” in Maranhão. Methods: Phytosociological sampling of woody vegetation was carried out using the quadrants method, followed by classification of species by successional group; in addition to analyzing the diametric and hypsometric data of the populations whose species presented the highest importance value (IV). Results: In total, 24 species and 16 families were identified, 72 % of which were classified in the initial stages of succession. The values of H' and J' were 2.637 nat.ind-1and 0.830, respectively. The mean height and diameter were 2.1 m and 27.66 cm, respectively. The species Coccoloba ramosissima Wedd., Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Anacardium occidentale L., Manilkara triflora (Allemão) Monach, and Astrocaryum vulgare Mart. presented the highest IVs. Conclusions: It was observed that characteristics such as size, power of regrowth, and ease of regeneration processes could be useful for choosing target species for recovery actions in coastal areas.
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Fox, Richard C. "Pronothodectes gaoi n. sp. from the late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada, and the early evolution of the Plesiadapidae (Mammalia, Primates)". Journal of Paleontology 64, n.º 4 (julio de 1990): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000042670.
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Fossils of a new primitive plesiadapid primate, Pronothodectes gaoi n. sp., from the middle Tiffanian (late Paleocene) Paskapoo Formation of Alberta, Canada, are described. Pronothodectes gaoi, the youngest known species of the genus, has P3–4 and lower molars that are intermediate between those of the early to middle Tiffanian successional species Plesiadapis anceps Simpson and Plesiadapis rex (Gidley) both in size and qualitative characters. Pronothodectes gaoi retains I2 and the lower canine, as do all species of Pronothodectes Gidley but not Plesiadapis Gervais. A possible second species of Pronothodectes, from the earliest Tiffanian Cochrane 2 locality, Alberta, more closely resembles the ancestral Plesiadapis, Plesiadapis praecursor Gingerich, in size and configuration of P4, M1–3, but not in dental formula since the lower canine and perhaps I2 are retained. The stratigraphic occurrences of the fossils described here show that ancestral plesiadapids having I2 and the lower canine did not evolve anagenetically into Plesiadapis at the Torrejonian–Tiffanian boundary, as had been previously believed and that knowledge of the infrequently known anterior lower dentition may be necessary for recognition of some, otherwise indistinguishable, plesiadapid species. These discoveries make both interpretation of early plesiadapid phylogeny and correlation based on the stratigraphic succession of early plesiadapid species uncertain.
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Dosch, Jerald J., Chris J. Peterson y Bruce L. Haines. "Seed rain during initial colonization of abandoned pastures in the premontane wet forest zone of southern Costa Rica". Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, n.º 2 (marzo de 2007): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003853.
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Understanding tropical succession requires insight into propagule availability, which constrains possible woody plant recruitment, yet seed rain composition in multiple post-agricultural sites has seldom been examined. We monitored seed rain for 60 wk in five abandoned pastures in southern Costa Rica, collecting a total of 1 140 688 seeds of 165 morphospecies. Most seeds (80.1%) arrived during the wet season. Species richness was highest in the wet season and greater in forest than in pasture. Seed rain density was greatest at the forest/pasture edge and decreased drastically just a few metres into pastures. In and near the forest, animal-dispersed seeds were more abundant than seeds dispersed by other means, while wind-dispersed taxa increased in relative importance at greater distances from the forest. Total seed input to pastures did not reflect size of adjacent forest fragments, although seed rain density varied more than threefold among sites. Among-site variation in density of regenerating woody seedlings was roughly proportional to among-site variation in seed rain. Morphospecies composition differed significantly among sites. Also, seed rain and woody plant colonists were rather dissimilar in composition, suggesting that while propagule availability is necessary for early woody plant establishment, it is a poor predictor of successional trajectory.
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Benscoter, Brian W., Dan Greenacre y Merritt R. Turetsky. "Wildfire as a key determinant of peatland microtopography". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, n.º 8 (agosto de 2015): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0028.
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Microtopography is a common attribute of wetlands, particularly boreal bog and fen peatlands. This self-organized patterning is primarily an autogenic process; however, the role of allogenic forces such as disturbance in the maintenance of microtopography is poorly understood. In this study, we quantify the effect of fire on the distribution of the microtopographic gradient in boreal bogs using a before–after wildfire natural experiment. We also quantify the change in spatial abundance of microforms in boreal treed peatlands over a 100-year successional chronosequence. Wildfire nearly doubled the range of the microtopographic gradient, increasing the relative abundance of low-elevation microforms (hollows), although the distribution of elevations was influenced by peatland ontogeny at the time of wildfire. Through succession, raised microforms (hummocks) became more abundant, presumably due to autogenic surface drying facilitating hummock species expansion into adjacent hollows. Although autogenic processes may be responsible for the development of self-organized spatial patterning in wetlands, disturbances such as wildfire are necessary for maintaining boreal peatland microtopography over extended time scales. Because of the tight linkage between microtopography, species diversity, and ecosystem function, these feedbacks between wildfire and microtopography are critical for understanding peatland dynamics and the potential impact of a changing environment.
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Higgins, Anna M., Kristen M. Waring y Andrea E. Thode. "The effects of burn entry and burn severity on ponderosa pine and mixed conifer forests in Grand Canyon National Park". International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, n.º 4 (2015): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf13111.
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Over a century of fire exclusion in frequent-fire ponderosa pine and dry mixed conifer forests has resulted in increased tree densities, heavy surface fuel accumulations and an increase in late successional, fire-intolerant trees. Grand Canyon National Park uses prescribed fires and wildfires to reduce fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes. Research is needed to determine post-fire vegetation response thus enabling future forest succession predictions. Our study focussed on the effects of burn entry and burn severity on species composition and regeneration in two forest types: ponderosa pine with white fir encroachment and dry mixed conifer. We found no difference in tree composition and structure in a single, low-severity burn compared with unburned areas in the white fir encroachment forest type. We found no white fir seedlings or saplings in a second-entry, low-severity burn in the white fir encroachment forest type. Second-entry burns were effective in reducing white fir densities in the white fir encroachment forest type. There was significant aspen regeneration following high-severity fire in the dry mixed conifer forest type. This research suggests that repeated entries and an increase in burn severity may be necessary for prescribed fire or wildfire to be effective in meeting management objectives.
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Házi, Judit, Dragica Purger, Károly Penksza y Sándor Bartha. "Interaction of Management and Spontaneous Succession Suppresses the Impact of Harmful Native Dominant Species in a 20-Year-Long Experiment". Land 12, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010149.
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Our study focused on the compositional changes of Pannonian semi-natural dry grasslands. The preservation of these valuable habitats requires regular management. Our mowing experiment aimed to study the suppression of the native dominant Calamagrostis epigejos L. Roth in mid-successional grasslands. Mowing was applied twice a year in eight permanent plots. The vegetation was sampled annually from 2001 to 2021. The impacts of mowing were tested using repeated–measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). After 10 years, the cover of C. epigejos in the mown plots decreased significantly, from an initial average cover of 56.6 to 5.6%. In 20 years, it declined to 1.3%. Surprisingly, in the control plots, it decreased also from 63.7 to 6.9%. Species richness was affected by mowing: significant differences between mown and control plots were detected from the eighth year of our experiment. However, species richness steadily increased in both treatment types from 15 to 36 in the mown plots and 18 to 25 in the control plots, indicating a combined effect of vegetation succession and treatment. Our results suggest that long-term in situ experiments and comprehensive botanical studies are necessary to provide a basis for multi-objective management and reliable utilization of grasslands.
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Thakkar, Hemant. "“It’s like me leaving a manual of me behind”: Parents talk about succession planning of long-term care and support for their disabled adult children with high and complex needs". Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 30, n.º 2 (26 de agosto de 2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol30iss2id506.
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INTRODUCTION: A question that concerns most parents of disabled adults with high and complex needs (HCN) is: “What will happen to my child when I am no longer alive?” One of the factors that could assist these parents in securing a better future for their children beyond their own lifetime is timely succession planning.METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Aotearoa New Zealand parents and 18 Indian parents with a view to understanding their wishes and worries concerning the long-term care and well-being of their adult children with HCN. This article focuses on the parents’ views on their own role in succession planning.FINDINGS: Based on parents’ responses, six key components of succession planning were identified: preparing the child; preparing the informal network; sorting out the living arrangements; securing their financial future; creating a life plan and a training manual; and preparing the community.IMPLICATIONS: The study revealed that not all parents have the necessary skills, resources or even desires to engage in succession planning and hence it becomes crucial that professionals working in the social services sector provide appropriate support to these parents.KEYWORDS: high and complex needs; succession planning; disabled adults; parents of disabled children
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Wright, Jessica, Robert Ackley, Sucharita Gopal y Nathan Phillips. "The BosWash Infrastructure Biome and Energy System Succession". Infrastructures 7, n.º 7 (19 de julio de 2022): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7070095.
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The BosWash corridor is a megalopolis, or large urbanized region composed of interconnected transportation, infrastructure, physiography, and sociopolitical systems. Previous work has not considered the BosWash corridor as an integrated, holistic ecosystem. Building on the emerging field of infrastructure ecology, the region is conceptualized here as an infrastructure biome, and this concept is applied to the region’s energy transition to a post-fossil fueled heating sector, in analogy to ecosystem succession. In this conception, infrastructure systems are analogous to focal species. A case study for an energy succession from an aging natural gas infrastructure to a carbon-free heating sector is presented, in order to demonstrate the utility of the infrastructure biome framework to address climate and energy challenges facing BosWash communities. Natural gas is a dominant energy source that emits carbon dioxide when burned and methane when leaked along the process chain; therefore, a transition to electricity is widely seen as necessary toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Utilizing an infrastructure biome framework for energy policy, a regional gas transition plan akin to the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative is generated to harmonize natural gas transition within the BosWash infrastructure biome and resolve conflict arising from a siloed approach to infrastructure management at individual city and state levels. This work generates and utilizes the novel infrastructure biome concept to prescribe a regional energy policy for an element of infrastructure that has not previously been explored at the regional scale—natural gas.
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Jakimoski, Laze y Slavica Dimoska. "LACK OF SUCCESSION IN MACEDONIAN LEGAL SYSTEM". Knowledge International Journal 30, n.º 6 (20 de marzo de 2019): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061421j.
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The succession presents property assignment from one person on behalf of others after his death. The process of succession can be performed by the law (heir at law) or by the will. Both options are regulated in details in Macedonian legal system.Whilst the human nature requires to see the positive effects of the inheritance, as well as to research the rights for succession, the law anticipated another opposite option - possibility for cutting of the will or so called lack of succession. The lack of succession represents a legal form where the possible successor loses his right to inherent any asset either by law (ex lege) or by the will. The lack of succession is not linked with the legal possibility for legacy or with the last will, but the lack of succession is linked with the personal character of the successor and his unmoral or illegal behavior. The lack of succession is a kind of penalty for the impropriate behavior of the possible successor towards the owner of the property or towards community from one side, as well as a protection measure for the property owner from the other side.The lack of succession is a part of almost all legal systems, in almost all of the countries with the only difference in the reasons why a person can be proclaim undignified for a legacy and a person with a lack of succession.The Macedonian legal system anticipated few reasons that are going to be elaborated in details in this paper. Mainly, those are cases where the possible successor reaches or tried to reach to the life of the owner of the will, forced or used some other illegal way to lead the owner of the will to make or abrogate the will, hide or destroyed the will in order to make a fake copy and change the last will, violate the obligation for sustenance or denied to offer the necessary assistance.In order to be affirmed these statements, Public prosecution and State attorney Office are authorized to obtain the information they have.These statements will be proved or denied by the Court, an institution authorized to prove the lack of succession.The conditions foreseen in the law of succession cannot be changed or modified.
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Bassnett, Susan. "Women Experiment with Theatre: Magdalena 86". New Theatre Quarterly 3, n.º 11 (agosto de 1987): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00015207.
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In the autumn of last year, two events took place which marked in very different ways the recognition that feminist thinking has affected theatre more profoundly than through the necessary logistics of job and role redistribution. In August, the first-ever festival of women in experimental theatre, known as Magdalena 86, took place in Cardiff. Then, in the following month, the International School of Theatre Anthropology devoted its congress in Holstebro, Denmark, to the subject of ‘The Female Role’ – a title we borrow for this short feature, in which Susan Bassnett. who teaches in the Graduate School of Comparative Literature at the University of Warwick, and has been a regular contributor both to NTQ and its predecessor, analyzes and evaluates these occasions in successive reports. The core paper presented at Holstebro by ISTA director Eugenio Barba, which discusses the balance between the qualities of ‘animus’ and ‘anima’ necessary to the actor's energy, ‘completes’ a feature which, in the questions it raises for further discussion, remains necessarily inconclusive.
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Li, Fan. "The orientation and characteristics of the inheritance agreement in China and Russia: comparative legal research". Legal Science in China and Russia, n.º 4 (16 de septiembre de 2021): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2587-9723.2021.4.026-034.
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Recently, great changes have taken place in the inheritance agreement system in China and Russia. Article 1140.1 of CCRF has recognized inheritance agreement in 2019 instead of prohibiting it previously. In China, bequest support agreement is stipulated in legislation, and inheritance attendance agreement is recognized in judicature. Article 464 of the Contract Book of CCPRC of 2020 opens up the legal application of inheritance agreement.China’s inheritance system has its unique characteristics, for example, there is no difference between estate and legacy, the distinction between testamentary succession and bequest is based on whether the subject has the status of legal successor rather than the disposition of estate or legacy, there is no difference between successio in universumius and successio in singulas res, the heritage debt is the legal burden of positive heritage, heritage debt shall not be disposed of in a will, the bequest shall not be exempted from the heritage debt, there are only legal successors but no heir other than legal successors and testamentary successors are only legal successors who inherit by will, there is no forced share but an absolute necessary share for any successor who has neither the ability to work nor the source of income, and neither inheritance agreement nor gift contract is formal. All of those determine that its inheritance agreement must have many characteristics different from those of Europe.For example, there is a strict distinction between the bequest support agreement with non legal successor as supporter and the inheritance attendance agreement with legal successor as supporter; there is no inheritance renunciation agreement with valuable consideration positively, but the one with negative consideration that a renunciation of the inheritance right is in exchange for exemption of the specifi c performance of attendance; it is suffi cient that the donatio mortis causa has the effect of gift contract, and it is not necessary to act as the inheritance agreement.China’s orientation of the inheritance agreement is mainly with consideration and centered on support for the old, while Russia’s orientation is mainly without consideration and centered on the disposition of inheritance right in the designated inheritance agreement. In particular, China and Russia have launched a challenge to the doctrine that the effect of inheritance agreement is prior to that of will.
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Rocha, Luciana. "The Preservation of Authenticity and the Awareness of the Necessary". Modern Housing. Patrimonio Vivo, n.º 51 (2014): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52200/51.a.5ooflf04.
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The architecture of the Modern Movement in Oporto, Portugal, built between 1940 and 1960, is a recent heritage, whose scant recognition has been accelerating its natural degradation and increasing interventions of questionable quality. On one hand, the technical and structural weaknesses of the architecture of this period can be the cause of accelerated degradation, which are, in part, a consequence of successive experiments of new materials like concrete. On the other hand, we note the absence of disciplinary criteria in contemporary interventions, which suggests the fragility of the legal and logical framework for the material protection of this architectural legacy. This study analyses multi-family housing buildings built in Oporto with undeniable architectural quality and characteristics of the Modern Movement — the Parnaso, Ouro and D. Afonso V buildings. Apart from a reflection on the strategies for renovation, reuse and effective adaptation of these buildings to contemporary living requirements, this study aims to establish a relation between the spatial, technical and social transformations and the preservation of the originality/authenticity of these buildings.
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Ghil, Michael. "Review article: Hilbert problems for the climate sciences in the 21st century – 20 years later". Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 27, n.º 3 (17 de septiembre de 2020): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-429-2020.
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Abstract. The scientific problems posed by the Earth's atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere – along with the land surface and biota that interact with them – are central to major socioeconomic and political concerns in the 21st century. It is natural, therefore, that a certain impatience should prevail in attempting to solve these problems. The point of a review paper published in this journal in 2001 was that one should proceed with all diligence but not excessive haste, namely “festina lente”, i.e., “to hurry in a measured way”. The earlier paper traced the necessary progress through the solutions of 10 problems, starting with “What can we predict beyond 1 week, for how long, and by what methods?” and ending with “Can we achieve enlightened climate control of our planet by the end of the century?” A unified framework was proposed to deal with these problems in succession, from the shortest to the longest timescale, i.e., from weeks to centuries and millennia. The framework is that of dynamical systems theory, with an emphasis on successive bifurcations and the ergodic theory of nonlinear systems, on the one hand, and on pursuing this approach across a hierarchy of climate models, from the simplest, highly idealized ones to the most detailed ones. Here, we revisit some of these problems, 20 years later,1 and extend the framework to coupled climate–economy modeling.
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Horák, Slavomir. "Leadership Succession in Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan: Between Stability and Instability". Central Asian Affairs 5, n.º 1 (14 de marzo de 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142290-00501001.
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In some countries, the death of an authoritarian leader raises concerns among political scientists, analysts and political decision-makers about subsequent instability. Informal mechanisms for regime change are seldom in place. Two recent transitions in Central Asia—Turkmenistan in 2006 and Uzbekistan in 2016—have shown that authority can be transferred calmly and peacefully. This paper examines the reasons for the stable transition process—and the factors governing it—in the two territories. It is my contention that three principal conditions have to be met in order to make the changeover relatively smooth: a lack of viable opponents, a narrow circle of people with real power and a common interest in maintaining stability, and a clearly designated new leader at the moment when the death of the incumbent is officially announced. At the same time, despite some similarities between the Turkmen and Uzbek cases, substantial differences also existed, making these two experiences—like other instances—case-specific and not necessarily applicable to other states in the region and beyond.
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Harland, W. Brian. "Chapter 16 Devonian history". Geological Society, London, Memoirs 17, n.º 1 (1997): 289–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.1997.017.01.16.
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Svalbard is part of the Old Red Sandstone province with affinities in East Greenland, Norway, Appalachian North America and, of course, the British Isles where the Devonian Period was defined. This allows Devonian history in this region, controlled by Caledonian events, to form a neat and natural chapter, though not necessarily a global one. Old Red Sandstone environments in each area were already becoming established in Late Silurian time. Olaf Holtedahl was the prime author of both Caledonian tectogenesis in Svalbard and the Old Red Sandstone aftermath.Of the many and varied biotas of Svalbard the fossil fish have made remarkable and classic contributions to Spitsbergen geology.The earliest 'Old Red Sandstone' Spitsbergen strata have yet to yield evidence of age and so may be latest Silurian (Siktefjellet Group). But the earliest Devonian strata to be identified biostratigraphically begin with the Red Bay Group. Similarly the (major) Ny Friesland Orogeny and the various late orogenic granite emplacements, while initially Silurian, continued at least to cool in Devonian time. For convenience the orogenic events that may continue as early Devonian are treated in the Silurian chapter and the sedimentary events that may be Silurian are treated here.Devonian successions in Svalbard are known only from terranes which are postulated to have originated from the North East Greenland Province. No record has yet been established for Devonian strata in Svalbard either from the eastern terranes (East Greenland Province) or from the western terranes (North Greenland-Pearya Province). Moreover, the East Greenland succession lacks
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Coupier, D. y Yu Davydov. "Random Symmetrizations of Convex Bodies". Advances in Applied Probability 46, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2014): 603–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1409319551.
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In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behavior of sequences of successive Steiner and Minkowski symmetrizations. We state an equivalence result between the convergences of those sequences for Minkowski and Steiner symmetrizations. Moreover, in the case of independent (and not necessarily identically distributed) directions, we prove the almost-sure convergence of successive symmetrizations at exponential rate for Minkowski, and at rate with c > 0 for Steiner.