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Tesis sobre el tema "Subthalamic nucleu"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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1

Atherton, Jeremy Francis. "Neurophysiology of the subthalamic nucleus". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29793.

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Possibly as many as half the neurones in the STN have an axon collateral with branches off from the main axon and reinnervates the nucleus. This suggests that rather than working autonomously as was previously thought, the neurones of the STN can operate together as a network. Computer models of the STN showed that the level of interconnectivity within the STN would be huge, even if each axon collateral only contacted a small number of the total neurones with dendritic fields that overlapped with it. A network model showed that such a system was capable of switch-like behaviour. At low levels of activity the neurones would act autonomously. However, excitatory inputs could increase the degree of non-synchronous correlation between the activity of neurones in the STN leading them all to enter a high activity state. A single cell model was then developed in order to look at how this high activity state could be terminated. An interesting problem arose in the construction of this model; no known kinetics for the voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels could replicate the high frequency (500Hz) firing rates that are obtained by STN neurones. Intracellular recordings were made in vitro to investigate the mechanisms underlying high-frequency firing in the STN. Using a two-pulse protocol the speed of recovery from inactivation was measured giving an estimate of the inactivation characteristics of the ion channels in these neurones. These experiments showed that the neurones have very slow inactivation kinetics suggesting that STN neurones may have a much shortened refractory period, enabling high frequency firing. Such a mode of operation requires a large, fast potassium current. A potential candidate for this current is the Kv3.l potassium channel, which is strongly expressed by STN neurones.
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2

Clarke, Nicholas Paul. "Neuronal microcircuits of the entopenuncular nucleus and subthalamic nucleus". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388564.

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3

Zhang, Yu. "The subthalamic nucleus in health and disease". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-410033.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. PD is caused by degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical therapy used in PD to alleviate motor dysfunction by application of high-frequency stimulation through implanted electrodes. STN is an important target of DBS electrodes in PD treatment. However, a series of side effects have been reported upon STN-DBS treatment, and the reliability of the method could be clinically improved. To achieve this, anatomical and functional studies in mice can contribute important knowledge. There are different models to explain the internal STN organization, each of which has experimental evidence. Previous work has shown that the Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) and Paired-box homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) genes are needed for normal development and function of the STN in mice. These genes are expressed throughout the STN and their use as markers for STN neurons has enabled functional studies. To progress, more knowledge of the internal organization of the STN would be useful. Here, three antibodies representing three potential STN markers were tested using immunohistochemistry. PCR analysis was used to genotype Pitx2-Cre transgenic mice that are currently used for functional and behavioral STN studies.
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4

Xia, Shuang. "The contribution of the subthalamic nucleus to executive functions in rat". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5545.

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Lesions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) alleviate the cardinal signs of idiopathic as well as MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease in primates. For this reason, the STN is a target for clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease using deep brain stimulation. Despite its small size, the STN plays a vital role in the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic network. However, the functional features of the STN have yet to be fully uncovered. The research presented in this thesis examines the functions of the STN by measuring behavioural changes resulting from STN lesions in rats performing executive abilities. In the first experiment, a ‘signal change' reaction time task was developed and the performance of humans and rats was compared. The main findings were that although humans and rats used different strategies in the task, the task did challenge the ability to inhibit unwanted responses. In the second and third experiments, the effects of bilateral lesions of the STN on performance of two variants of the ‘signal change' task were examined. Rats with the STN lesions were able to inhibit responses when under stimulus control, but were less able to inhibit responses that were not under stimulus control. In the final experiment, the effects of lesions of the STN on inhibitory control in a nonmotor, cognitive domain were examined. Rats with STN lesions were not impaired on reversal learning, suggesting intact inhibition of previously rewarded responses. The rats with STN lesions did show impairments in selective attention which resulted in an inability to form an attentional set. Together, these findings challenge the conventional view that the STN simply plays a global inhibitory role. Rather, the contribution of the STN to inhibitory control is more complex and neither the motor nor the cognitive effects of the lesions are easily explained simply as a failure of inhibition.
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5

Temel, Yasin. "The subthalamic nucleus a novel motor-associative-limbic interface /". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=7484.

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6

Wallace, Bradley Andrew. "The neuroprotective effects of subthalamic nucleous (STN) Suppression". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10072.

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La maladie de Parkinson est une pathologie neurodégénérative progressive qui affecte environ 0. 1 % de la population âgée de plus de 40 ans. Elle trouve son origine dans la mort des neurones dopaminergiques de la substantia nigra compacta (SNc), avec pour conséquence une déplétion en dopamine dans le striatum. Le traitement de référence à la levodopa, efficace pour diminuer les symptômes, se révèle toutefois incapable de limiter la progression de la maladie. Un nombre important de données récentes identifie un dysfonctionnement de la chaîne de transport d'électrons du complexe I mitochondrial comme élément clé de la physiopathologie de la maladie de Parkinson. Les conséquences de cette déficience se traduisent au niveau cellulaire par une diminution de la production d'énergie (ATP) compromettant le maintien du potentiel de repos membranaire neuronal. La dépolarisation du potentiel de repos membranaire libère progressivement le blocage des récepteurs NMDA par les ions Mg2+, réduisant le seuil d'activation par le glutamate. Il en résulte une augmentation significative de la vulnérabilité des neurones dopaminergiques à l'excitotoxicité par le glutamate. Ce processus est appelé excitotoxicité "indirecte", et contrairement à la classique et plus aigue͏̈ excitotoxicité "directe", il pourrait contribuer à la disparition progressive des neurones de la SNc. De nombreuses structures comme le SNc reçoivent du glumatamate à partir des neurones du noyau subthalamique (NST). Selon le modèle actuel des circuits des ganglions de la base, le NST est hyperactif. Bien qu'il ne soit pas indispensable au déclenchement de l'excitotoxicité indirecte, l'accroissement de l'activité (output) glutamatergique exacerbe l'excitotoxicité [. . . ]
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting 0. 1% of the population over 40 years old. The hallmark of PD pathology is reduced striatal dopamine secondary to the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia pars compacta (SNc). The mainstay of treatment, levodopa replacement therapy, is severely limited by side effects and although effective in alleviating symptoms, electron transport chain as a key process in the pathophysiology underlying PD. Complex I defects result cellular energy (ATP) production, imparaing the ability of neurons to maintain their resting membrane potentials (RMP). Depolarization of the RMP relieves the Mg2+blockade of NMDA receptors in a graded fashion, reducing the threshold for activation by glutamate. The result is a significant increase in the vulnerability of SNc dopaminergic neurons to glutamate excitotoxicity. This has been referred to as "indirect" excitotoxicity, that unlike the more acute, classic or "direct" excitotoxicity, may contribute to the demise of SNc neurons on a chronic basis. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) projects glutamate to multiple structures, including the SNc. According to the current model of basal ganglia circuitry, the STN is hyperactive. Althought not essential for indirect excitotoxicity to occur, increased glutamatergic output exacerbates the excitotoxic process [. . . ]
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7

Gillies, Andrew J. "The role of the subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/522.

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The basal ganglia are a collection of interconnected subcortical nuclei which have been implicated inmotor, cognitive and limbic functions. The subthalamic nucleus is the sole excitatory structure within the basal ganglia. Given its central position influencingmany basal ganglia nuclei, it is likely to play an important role in the processing that is performed by the basal ganglia. In this thesis a theoretical analysis of the subthalamic nucleus is presented. In order to explore the multiple facets of processing that may be occurring, models that are designed to capture aspects of the subthalamic nucleus at different levels are developed. These include anatomical, network processing and single neuron multi–compartmental models. Through the integration of the results obtained from these models a new and coherent view of the processing of the subthalamic nucleus is presented. It is predicted that the subthalamic nucleus be considered as a massively connected excitatory network. Two distinct modes of asymptotic behaviour exist in such a network: a low resting state and a high self–sustained state. The single neuron multi– compartmental model demonstrates that the calcium T–type channel is the primary determinant of characteristic neuron behaviour. Such behaviour includes a slowaction potential, initial spike clustering, and a post-response quiescence. The network and single neuron results taken togetherprovide an intrinsicmechanismfor termination of uniform high activity generated by the excitatory network. It is therefore predicted that large regions of the subthalamic nucleus respond uniformly to stimuli, in the form of a pulse of activity with a sharp rise and fall. In addition, the single neuron model indicates that pulses will occur in pairs. It is proposedthat the subthalamic nucleus acts as a “braking mechanism”. It can induce, via intermediate structures, awide-spread pulse of inhibition on basal ganglia target nuclei. Furthermore, the sequence of two pulses can generate a window of disinhibition over the basal ganglia targets. The width of this time window may be under direct striatal control. Variable interpulse duration implies a role for the subthalamic nucleus in temporal processing.
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8

Fan, Kai Yoon. "GABAergic synaptic transmission, plasticity and integration in the subthalamic nucleus". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3167/.

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9

Cebi, Idil [Verfasser]. "Preoperative Stratification of Gait Outcome from Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation / Idil Cebi". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226756085/34.

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10

Çebi, Idil [Verfasser]. "Preoperative Stratification of Gait Outcome from Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation / Idil Cebi". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226756085/34.

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11

Barstow, Karen L. "Subthalamic control of dopamine release in the substantia nigra". Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36754.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
The overall goal of this dissertation was to determine the role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in regulating the release of dopamine in the substantia nigra (SN). Experiments first established the existence of a direct connection between subthalamic neurons and SN dopaminergic cells. Further experiments showed that this connection triggers the dopamine release in the SN, and the mechanisms involved in this release were determined. Whole-cell current clamp recordings were performed in parasagittal brain slices obtained from 10 to 16 day-old rat pups. Electrical stimulations of the STN reliably triggered excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs) in dopaminergic neurons of the SN pars compacta (SNc). Pharmacological experiments with specific receptor antagonists indicated that this EPSP was mediated by NMDA, non-NMDA and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Stimulations of the subthalamic input triggered the release of dopamine. In a subset of neurons in the SN pars reticulata (SNr), repetitive stimulations of the STN produced a summating EPSP that was followed by an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). A D2 receptor antagonist blocked this IPSP suggesting that it represents the D2 receptor-mediated response of the recorded cell to dopamine released upon stimulation of the STN. Pharmacological experiments using this assay indicated that NMDA, non-NMDA or metabotropic glutamate receptors were individually not required for dendritic release of dopamine; however, each contributed to this release. In dopaminergic neurons located in the SN pars compacta, the inhibitory effect of dopamine was revealed following block of L-type Ca channels, NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors. These results indicated that dopaminergic neurons located both in the SNc and SNr respond to the dendritic release of dopamine triggered upon stimulations of the STN. Finally, a specific blocker of the dopamine transporter (GBR12935) blocked the IPSP reversibly in both SNr and SNc dopaminergic neurons. If release occurred by exocytosis, block of the transporter should increase extracellular levels of dopamine and produce an increase in the size of the recorded IPSP. Therefore, these results suggest that dopamine dendritic release triggered by activation of the subthalamic input was mediated by reversed transport of dopamine rather than by exocytosis.
2031-01-01
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12

Erola, T. (Tuomo). "Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease:a clinical study". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2006. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514280709.

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Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been gaining importance in the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial effects of bilateral STN stimulation on patient's clinical symptoms and quality of life related to the potential risks and side effects of the treatment. A consecutive series of 42 patients operated on for Parkinson's disease with STN DBS in Oulu University Hospital were included. A subgroup of these patients was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), neuropsychological tests, and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) instruments i.e. the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) and the Finnish version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). The costs of the treatment were calculated from the perspective of the health care provider. The possible effects of bilateral STN-operation on cardiovascular autonomic function were analyzed by measuring various time- and frequency domain indexes as well as non-linear indexes of heart rate variability (HRV) from 24-hour EKG recording before and 12 months after the operation. This study showed that STN DBS significantly improves the clinical symptoms and HRQoL of parkinsonian patients. The dyskinesia and clinical fluctuation scores were reduced very significantly in the UPDRS IV subscale. The clinical fluctuations were reduced by 53 %. After DBS best motor response (UPDRS III) scores also improved significantly. The HRQoL measured with both instruments improved significantly. Improvement was seen in the PDQ-39 summary index and the subscales of activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma and bodily discomfort. Only communication became worse during the follow-up. There was a statistically significant improvement in the score of the subscales of NHP measuring problems with energy, sleep, emotional reactions and social isolation. One patient died from pulmonary embolism and another contracted a late postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage leading to a permanent deterioration of her neurological condition to the bedridden stage. Other complications were much milder. Clinical improvement and improvement in HRQoL were positively correlated. STN DBS does not influence tonic autonomic cardiovascular regulation. The incremental costs of performing bilateral STN DBS in Finland compared to preoperative medical treatment amounted to an average of 25 591 EUR per patient during the first postoperative year. The majority of parkinsonian patients experienced significant and long lasting relief in their motor symptoms and an improvement in HRQoL following STN stimulation.
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13

Romas, John. "Quantifying decreases in Parkinsonian rigidity with surgical intervention in the subthalamic nucleus". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58708.pdf.

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14

Magill, Peter James. "Studies on the mechanisms underlying activity in the subthalamic nucleus-globus pallidus network". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:43caa489-4752-45db-8b15-a51d7a58fe31.

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15

Zavala, Baltazar Antonio. "The role of subthalamic nucleus oscillatory activity as it pertains to decision-making". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4ccd746-d577-4caa-b310-430a7bb37e1d.

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN), which is the most common target for deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease, is known to be crucially involved in motor control. Recent appreciation of the potential non-motor side effects of STN deep brain stimulation, however, has led to speculation that the importance of this nucleus may also relate to processes involved in decision- making, particularly during high conflict scenarios. This thesis concerns itself with investigating the STN's role in action selection during conflict. I begin by recording local field potentials directly from the STN of Parkinson's disease patients while they perform a flanker task that has been shown to elicit theta (4-8 Hz) band activity in areas of the prefrontal cortex involved in cognitive control. I report that like the prefrontal cortex, the STN demonstrates elevated theta activity during conflict. I then test whether STN theta activity is related to that of the prefrontal cortex by recording from both sites simultaneously while patients perform a novel task that temporally separates conflict from stimulus onset or movement. This reveals that theta activity indeed becomes synchronized during conflict, with cortical oscillations driving those of the STN. Thirdly, I investigate how STN oscillations may affect firing rate dynamics by intra-operatively recording local field potentials and single unit activity from patients performing the flanker task. I report that both theta and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations entrain STN neurons, but only during conflict. Finally, I record cortical and STN activity while a fourth group of patients performs the flanker task. This experiment confirms that cortico-STN theta synchrony is elevated during conflict and may also relate to across-trial adaptations to conflict and errors. Taken together these studies shed light on the mechanisms by which cortical structures may influence the STN during conflict and why STN deep brain stimulation may result in impulsivity.
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16

Steiner, Leon Amadeus [Verfasser]. "Connectivity and dynamics underlying synaptic control of the subthalamic nucleus / Leon Amadeus Steiner". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223926206/34.

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17

Levy, Ron. "Neuronal activity in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus of patients with Parkinson's disease". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63767.pdf.

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18

Cortright, James J. "Role of the subthalamic nucleus in the circuitry mediating food- and cocaine-seeking behavior". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3274244.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 2007.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-07, Section: B, page: 4881. Adviser: George V. Rebec. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Apr. 15, 2008).
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19

Williams, David. "The functional significance of oscillatory local field potential activity in the Parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419980.

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20

Antonsson, Rebecka. "Behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus in obsessive compulsive disorder". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445301.

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Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorder. About 10% of patients with OCD do not respond to pharmacological treatment. However, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has advanced as an alternative treatment. In 2002, two patients who suffered from co-morbidity of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and OCD were treated with DBS for their PD, with DBS-electrodes placed in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Surprisingly, not only PD symptoms but also OCD symptoms were improved. This was the first time that patients with OCD were treated with DBS in STN and it was found to markedly improve their symptoms. When performing DBS in patients with OCD, as well as for treating PD, several side-effectshave been observed. The side-effects can be both physical and psychological. In this project,the aim is to investigate the efficiency and side-effects of DBS in OCD, correlated with the position of the electrode in, or near, the STN. To address the aim, 10 published reports were analysed. It was found that all electrode positions reported resulted in great improvement of OCD symptoms. In fact, 88% of patients had significant improvement. There was no clear correlation between position of the electrode and number or type of side-effect. However, there was a trend that patients with the electrode placed in associative/limbic STN suffered from more side-effects. In conclusion, this project demonstrates that there might be a correlation between target for electrode stimulation and side-effects. It would be interesting analyse this closer, including additional electrode target areas, but also consider other possible explanations for the variety of side-effects caused by DBS for OCD.
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21

Loucif, Alexandre J. C. "Effect of dopamine on synchronous neuronal oscillations in the globus pallidus-subthalamic nucleus network". Thesis, Aston University, 2006. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11032/.

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Changes in the pattern of activity of neurones within the basal ganglia are relevant in the pathophysiology and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. The globus pallidus (GP) – subthalamic nucleus (STN) network has been proposed to form a pacemaker driving regenerative synchronous bursting activity. In order to test whether this activity can be sustained in vitro a 20o parasagittal slice of mouse midbrain was developed which preserved functional connectivity between the STN and GP. Using single-unit extracellular recording, dopamine (30 µM) produced an excitation of STN cells. This excitation was independent of synaptic transmission and was mimicked by both the D1-like receptor agonist SKF38393 (10 µM) and the D2-like receptor agonist quinpirole (10 µM) but not by the D2-like agonists sulpiride (10 µM) and eticlopride (10 µM). Using whole-recordings, dopamine was shown to induce membrane depolarisation. This depolarisation was caused either by a D1-like receptor mediated increase in a conductance which reversed at -34 mV, consistent with a non-specific cation conductance, or a D2-like receptor mediated decrease in conductance which reversed around -100 mV, consistent with a potassium conductance. Bath application of dopamine altered the pattern of the burst-firing produced by NMDA an apamin towards a more regular pattern. This effect was associated with a decrease in amplitude and increase in frequency of TTX-resistance plateau potentials which underlie the burst activity.
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22

Georgiades, Matthew Julian. "Investigating the Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28778.

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Freezing of gait (FoG) is a severely disabling symptom commonly experienced by many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Sufferers describe FoG as the experience of having their feet being 'glued to the floor', often causing falls and injury. Despite its common occurrence in PD and significant impact on patients' quality of life, our understanding of contributing brain mechanisms has been limited by the difficulty of studying FoG in the clinical research setting. This has also hindered the development of effective therapies to help people who suffer from gait freezing in PD. Virtual reality approaches have been used to elicit and objectively characterise freezing behaviour whilst the patient is lying down. This affords the ability to simulate walking behaviour in a way that is compatible for use with modern neuroscience techniques such as neuroimaging scanners to gain a better understanding of FoG. We have now begun to take this work one step further by taking intra-operative direct cell recordings of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery while patients simultaneously perform the virtual reality gait task in real time. Dysfunctional firing of neurons within the subthalamic nucleus is believed to be central to the manifestation of FoG and data obtained from this study will offer unprecedented insight into the neurobiology underlying FoG in PD. Establishing new understanding will promote the development of novel therapies, including potentially an adaptive closed loop DBS system capable of detecting and delivering targeted stimulation in an ‘on demand’ fashion to treat this disabling phenomenon, dramatically improving quality of life for many patients.
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23

Leimbach, F. M. M. "Effects of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and the pedunculopontine nucleus on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10052871/.

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The general aim of this thesis was to investigate the cognitive effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the pedunclopontine nucleus (PPN) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In Study 1, acute STN stimulation did not induce impulsivity on a probabilistic decisionmaking task, suggesting STN-DBS induced impulsivity may occur in tasks involving conflict, reward or time pressure. This study has clarified that the inhibitory deficits associated with STN-DBS are situation and task specific, which makes it clear why new cases of post-operative impulse control disorders are only reported in some patients. In Study 2, the STN-DBS induced decline in verbal fluency (VF), greater for semantic than phonemic fluency, was found to be a surgical rather than an acute stimulation effect, mainly due to reduced switching but no change in cluster size. Therefore, future work in identifying the mechanisms of the STN-DBS induced VF decline should focus on surgical rather than stimulation effects. In Study 3, patients failed to benefit from corrective feedback to enhance their learning relative to a trial-and-error version when performing visual conditional associative learning tasks (VCLT) with STN-DBS on versus off. STN-DBS seemed to influence proactive interference resolution on the VCLTs. These results have implications for the use of adjunct interventions such as speech therapy or physiotherapy following STN-DBS surgery. In Study 4, PPN-DBS surgery did not have an impact on most aspects of cognition assessed and the only consistent decline was in switching category VF. For the two patients who developed dementia after PPN-DBS surgery, resuming low frequency stimulation improved working memory and attention. The findings from these studies provide further evidence and clarity regarding the cognitive sequel of STN-DBS and PPN-DBS for PD and confirm that the former can be a good treatment of choice for mid to late-stage Parkinson’s disease without the risk of major cognitive adverse effects.
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24

Fraraccio, Maria. "Effects of high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on cognitive function in Parkinson's disease". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84030.

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Objective. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether high frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS STN), for the treatment of motor signs and symptoms characteristic of Parkinson disease (PD), has detrimental consequences for cognitive processing. Methods . An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered to 15 PD patients with bilateral implantation of high frequency stimulators of the subthalamic nucleus for the treatment of PD. Patients were tested in two sessions: during one session the stimulator was set to a satisfactory therapeutic level and in the other the stimulator was set to OFF. Results. Statistically significant differences between sessions were not observed on task variables measuring executive function, verbal working memory, attention, language, visuospatial perception and verbal and visuospatial memory. In contrast, significant improvements with stimulation were observed for motor signs and symptoms and on tasks measuring skilled motor function. Conclusion. We investigated the specific cognitive effects of HFS STN in non-demented patients diagnosed with late stage PD. Our findings suggest that in relatively young patients with no symptoms of dementia or psychiatric disorder, the impact on cognitive processing is minimal.
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25

Fleming, Pete. "The effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on behaviour and cognition in parkinsons disease". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505329.

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26

Wilson, Claire Louise. "The role of the subthalamic nucleus in network-driven synchronous oscillation in the basal ganglia". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410273.

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Schweizer, Nadine. "Across Borders : A Histological and Physiological Study of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Reward and Movement". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-275165.

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The basal ganglia are the key circuitry controlling movement and reward behavior. Both locomotion and reward-related behavior are also modified by dopaminergic input from the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). If the basal ganglia are severed by lesion or in disease, such as in Parkinson’s disease, the affected individuals suffer from severe motor impairments and often of affective and reward-related symptoms. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a glutamatergic key area of the basal ganglia and a common target for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease to alleviate motor symptoms. The STN serves not only motoric, but also limbic and cognitive functions, which is often attributed to a tripartite anatomical subdivision. However, the functional output of both VTA and STN may rely more on intermingled subpopulations than on a strictly anatomical subdivision. In this doctoral thesis, the role of subpopulations within and associated with the basal ganglia is addressed from both a genetic and a behavioral angle. The identification of a genetically defined subpopulation within the STN, co-expressing Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (Pitx2) and Vesicular glutamate transport 2 (Vglut2), made it possible to conditionally reduce glutamatergic transmission from this subgroup of neurons and to investigate its influence on locomotion and motivational behavior, giving interesting insights into the mechanisms possibly underlying deep brain stimulation therapy and its side-effects. We address the strong influence of the Pitx2-Vglut2 subpopulation on movement, as well as the more subtle changes in reward-related behavior and the impact of the alterations on the reward-related dopaminergic circuitry. We also further elucidate the genetic composition of the STN by finding new markers for putative STN subpopulations, thereby opening up new possibilities to target those cells genetically and optogenetically. This will help in future to examine both STN development, function in the adult central nervous system and defects caused by specific deletion. Eventually identifying and characterizing subpopulations of the STN can contribute to the optimization of deep brain stimulation and help to reduce its side-effects, or even open up possibilities for genetic or optogenetic therapy approaches.
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Gruber, Doreen. "Die Effekte der Hochfrequenzstimulation des Nucleus subthalamicus auf nichtdeklarative und deklarative Gedächtnisprozesse /". Berlin : Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016989276&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Siegert, Sandy [Verfasser]. "Fehlersignale im Nucleus subthalamicus und ihre Bedeutung für adaptives Verhalten / Sandy Siegert". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/106820916X/34.

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Werner, Lucas. "Sex-differences in reported adverse side-effects caused by Deep Brain Stimulation therapy in the subthalamic nucleus". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445646.

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Parkinson’s disease is a common neurological disease which will progressively damagedopaminergic neurons in the brain. Later stages of the disease will result in death of theneurons. The diagnosis is often made with respect to the motor symptoms, which includetremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity. In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor symptomsappear in many patients, such as cognitive changes and mood disorders. One method used totreat Parkinson’s disease is deep brain stimulation, where electric pulses are emitted to aspecific brain area. A common target is the subthalamic nucleus, which is part of the basalganglia. By using deep brain stimulation, the dose of other medications for Parkinson’sdisease can be lowered. However, the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation are not yetentirely known, and there have been many reports of adverse side-effects caused by thismethod, including depression and other types of mood changes. Even so, information of apossible sex distribution of these side-effects is still limited. Here, a qualitative essay wasmade where 16 articles describing reported side-effects in men and women were compared. Inaddition, unpublished data from optogenetic studies on male and female mice were analysedin order to examine putative sex-differences upon experimental brain stimulation strategies.The results from the optogenetics results did not show any statistically significant sexdifferences.In contrast, by comparing the selected articles in which results of deep brainstimulation treatment in patients were reported, some differences were found. First, it seemsthat women report more depressive-like symptoms than men. Second, while men also reportdepressions, they also report more aggressive behaviour upon the treatment. A preliminaryconclusion of this essay is therefore that certain sex-differences can be observed among theadverse side-effects reported upon deep brain stimulation in Parkinson´s disease. However,since the studied material was limited, more research is required to make firmer conclusions.
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Pauli, Robin Verfasser], Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Diesmann, Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] [Honerkamp y Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Fitter. "Extracellular signatures of pathological activity in the subthalamic nucleus / Robin Pauli ; Markus Diesmann, Carsten Honerkamp, Jörg Fitter". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1240615736/34.

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Ioannou, Nefeli [Verfasser] y Sorin [Akademischer Betreuer] Breit. "Bilateral deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus in patients with Parkinson’s disease / Nefeli Ioannou ; Betreuer: Sorin Breit". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212850343/34.

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Schödel, Petra. "Vergleichende Untersuchung zwischen atlasbasierter und MRT-gestützter Planung bei der tiefen Hirnstimulation bei der Parkinson-Erkrankung am Beispiel des Nucleus subthalamicus". kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-regensburg/volltexte/2009/1404/.

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Lemke, Christoph [Verfasser]. "Einfluss der Hochfrequenzstimulation des Nucleus subthalamicus auf die dopaminerge Transmission im Nucleus accumbens core und shell / Christoph Lemke". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1079524754/34.

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Santos, Bruno Lopes dos. "Efeitos do envelhecimento sobre o sistema nitrérgico dos núcleos da base em humanos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-13052014-175226/.

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O óxido nítrico (NO) é uma molécula gasosa descrita recentemente, com implicações sobre uma vasta quantidade de processos fisiológicos, incluindo transmissão de sinais no sistema nervoso central (SNC). A sinalização nervosa mediada pelo NO ocorre por meios extrassinápticos, na chamada neurotransmissão por volume. Há evidências de que o NO seja um importante fator de modulação no controle da motricidade. A presença de neurônios que produzem NO já foi descrita em várias espécies, e estruturas ligadas ao controle do movimento como os núcleos da base (NNBB) contêm células nitrérgicas em quantidades variadas. Não se conhece os efeitos do processo de envelhecimento sobre a estrutura e função destes neurônios produtores de NO. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi investigar se o envelhecimento provoca alterações nos neurônios nitrérgicos presentes nos NNBB do encéfalo humano. Além disso, busca agregar mais conhecimento a aspectos morfológicos e de distribuição das células que compõem o sistema nitrérgico nos NNBB em humanos. As amostras de estriado (caudado e putâmen), globos pálidos (GP), núcleo subtalâmico (NST), substância negra (SN) e núcleo pedunculopontino (NPP) de 20 indivíduos sem doenças neurológicas e psiquiátricas foram submetidas à avaliação histológica em secções, coradas por técnicas que localizam neurônios que expressam NO, como a histoquímica para NADPH-diaforase (NADPHd) e à imunohistoquímica para sintase do NO neuronal (nNOS), e parâmetros de densidade neuronal e morfometria foram comparados entre indivíduos adultos jovens e idosos. Análises de densidade neuronal e morfometria entre subdivisões topográficas e funcionais também foram realizadas. Foi visto que o envelhecimento não provoca modificações na densidade neuronal e morfometria nitrérgica nos NNBB em humanos. Adicionalmente, o trabalho mostrou que: (I) as regiões mais posteriores do estriado se destacaram por apresentarem uma elevada densidade neuronal, associada a neurônios menores, em comparação com as regiões mais anteriores; (II) as porções do estriado ligadas ao córtex límbico apresentam maiores densidades neuronais; (III) o NST é uma região em que cerca de 90% de seus neurônios expressam NO, e suas características morfológicas sugerem que estas células coexpressem glutamato; (IV) o NPP é extensamente povoado por neurônios nitrérgicos, principalmente no nível do colículo inferior; (V) a presença de células NO-positivas é preponderante nas lâminas medulares de ambos GP, porém notamos maior concentração de células nitrérgicas no GPi; (VI) não foi detectada presença de neurônios quem contém NO na SN. Nossos resultados mostram que há uma presença maciça de neurônios que expressam NO em núcleos-chaves envolvidos com processamento motor corticobasal, como o NST, o estriado e o NPP, sugerindo que a neurotransmissão nitrérgica seja peça fundamental da fisiologia dos NNBB, portanto, com considerável potencial terapêutico nas doenças que afetam estas estruturas.
The nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule recently described, with a role on several physiologic processes, including signal transmission in central nervous system (CNS). The NO-mediated brain signaling occurs by extrasynaptic mode, called volume transmission. There are evidences supporting the NO as a major neurotransmitter involved on motor control modulation. The presence of NO neurons was described in many species, and movement-related structures, as the basal nuclei (BN), also contains variable densities of nitrergic cells. It is unknown the effect of aging over the structure and function of these NO neurons. The objective of the study is to investigate if the aging causes abnormalities on human BN nitrergic neurons. Furthermore, we aimed to explore distribution and morphologic features of these cells in BN. The samples of striatum (caudate and putamen), globus pallidum (GP), subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra (SN) and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) of 20 human brains from subjects without neurologic or psychiatric disases were processed for histologic analysis, stained by 2 techniques which localizes NO neurons: histochemistry for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPHd) and immunohistochemistry for neuronal NO synthase (nNOS); the neuronal density and morphometric parameters were compared between young adults and aged subjects. The neuronal density and morphometric analysis between striatal and subthalamic topographic / functional subdivisions were also performed. Our data showed that aging does not change the neuronal density or morphometric parameters of nitrergic neurons in human BN. Additionally, other results were found: (I) the most posterior regions of striatum have a higher neuronal density and smaller neurons than the most anterior regions of this nucleus; (II) the limbic cortex-associated areas of striatum have higher neuronal density than others functional subdivisions; (III) the STN is a region in which about 90% of its neurons expresses NO, and its morphologic features suggest these neurons coexpress glutamate; (IV) the PPN has a massive nitrergic neuronal density, mostly in the inferior colliculus level; (V) in GP, there is a marked presence of NO neurons in laminae medullaris, and the internal GP has more NO-positive cells than the external GP; (VI) nitrergic neurons were not detected in SN. Our results showed a remarkable presence of neurons expressing NO in nuclei essential for motor corticobasal processing (striatum, STN, PPN), suggesting that the nitrergic neurotransmission has a fundamental role in BN physiology, therefore, with great therapeutic potential in diseases involving these structures.
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36

Higgins, A. "The impact of Deep Brain Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on reward responsiveness in patients with Parkinson's disease". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444301/.

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The main focus of this project is the impact of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgery on reward responsiveness in Parkinson's disease (PD). This project aims to investigate what the neuropsychological effects of this surgical treatment can teach us about the mechanism of stimulation and its effects on the underlying neural circuits that are damaged in this disease. The first part of this project aims to review the evidence on apathy in Parkinson's disease. Studies published to date are discussed and critically reviewed, with reference to the occurrence of apathy in Parkinson's disease and the effects of neurosurgical intervention on the occurrence of apathy in Parkinson's disease. The second part of this project aims to assess Parkinson's disease patients who have undergone Deep Brain Stimulation surgery for the treatment of the motor symptoms of the disease. Specifically, this study aims to assess the impact of Deep Brain Stimulation on reward responsiveness, as measured by patient's motor performances on a simple reaction time task and a card-sorting task. The final part of this project is a critical appraisal of the research, reflecting on the research process the strengths and weakness of the study, changes I would make to improve the study and how further research could build upon the results obtained here are discussed.
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37

Spieles-Engemann, Anne L. "The Neuroprotective Potential of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in the 6-OHDA Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Disease". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1304692259.

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Homburger, Melanie [Verfasser]. "Funktionelle Charakterisierung hochfrequenter Oszillationen im Nucleus subthalamicus von Patienten mit Morbus Parkinson / Melanie Homburger". Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051734622/34.

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39

Sauer, Tilo Heinz [Verfasser]. "Kognitive Veränderungen unter niedrigfrequenter Stimulation des Nucleus Subthalamicus beim Morbus Parkinson / Tilo Heinz Sauer". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/115542073X/34.

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40

Robertazzi, Federica. "Real-time rejection of movement-related artifacts in subthalamic nucleus local field potential recordings during adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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La stimolazione cerebrale profonda (DBS) è una tecnica utilizzata in clinica per trattare alcune patologie come la malattia di Parkinson (PD) tramite un rilascio locale di corrente alternata ad alta frequenza (> 100 Hz), grazie all’utilizzo di elettrodi impiantati nei gangli della base durante una procedura di chirurgia stereotassica. Negli ultimi anni indagini neurofisiologiche svolte con la DBS hanno inoltre consentito la scoperta di potenziali marcatori neurali caratteristici del PD e il loro utilizzo per una stimolazione definita adattativa (aDBS) in cui l’ampiezza dello stimolo in tensione viene controllato dallo stato attuale del paziente. Una versione di aDBS è stata sviluppata da Newronika s.r.l. che è riuscita a implementare un algoritmo closed-loop basato sulla potenza delle oscillazioni beta come variabile di controllo del voltaggio della DBS. Numerosi studi con la aDBS sono stati effettuati prima su pazienti con PD a riposo e poi durante alcuni task di vita quotidiana come il cammino. Durante questi test è emerso che la aDBS non riusciva a performare bene durante l’attività di cammino per la presenza di artefatti a bassa frequenza (1-8 Hz) sul segnale LFP causati principalmente dal contatto del tallone sul terreno all’inizio della fase di stance del passo. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di proporre un algoritmo innovativo basato sulla Empirical Mode Decomposition per la rimozione di tale artefatto senza inficiare la performance della aDBS. L’algoritmo basato sulla EMD è stato capace di eliminare il rumore in maniera efficace, rimuovendo potenza spettrale non utile nella banda dell’artefatto e mantenendo intatto il contenuto in beta (fondamentale per la riuscita della aDBS). Inoltre, in questo lavoro è stata proposta un’implementazione real-time dell’algoritmo di pulizia del segnale nello stesso microcontrollore (MSP430FR5969) usato nel dispositivo AlphaDBS V-Imp di Newronika con la prospettiva di poter esser integrato in quest’ultimo in futuro.
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41

Reck, Christiane. "Neuronale Oszillationen bei Patienten mit Bewegungsstörungen Charakterisierung neuronaler Oszillationen im Nucleus subthalamicus und Nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami mittels intraoperativer Ableitungen". Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989352501/04.

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Zugl.: Düsseldorf, Univ., Diss., 2008 u.d.T.: Reck, Christiane: Charakterisierung oszillatorischer Aktivität im Nucleus subthalamicus und Nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami bei Patienten mit Bewegungsstörungen
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42

Aravamuthan, Bhooma Rajagopalan. "Comparing the radiological anatomy, electrophysiology, and behavioral roles of the pedunculopontine and subthalamic nuclei in the normal and parkinsonian brain". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9a735b39-c1fe-4d5f-b05f-3385f27e6e58.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and DBS of the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) have been shown to be effective surgical therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD). To better understand the PPN and STN as DBS targets for PD, this research compares the anatomy, electrophysiology, and motor control roles of these nuclei. PPN and STN connections were examined in vivo in human subjects and in the non-human primate using probabilistic diffusion tractography. Both the PPN and STN were connected with each other and with the motor cortex (M1) and basal ganglia. After studying these anatomical connections in primates, their functional significance was further explored in an anesthetized rat model of PD. Examination of the electrophysiological relationship between the PPN and basal ganglia in the presence of slow cortical oscillatory activity suggested that excitatory input from the STN may normally modulate PPN spike timing but that inhibitory oscillatory input from the basal ganglia output nuclei has a greater effect on PPN spike timing in the parkinsonian brain. To examine transmission and modulation of oscillatory activity between these structures at higher frequencies, LFP activity was recorded from the PPN and STN in PD patients performing simple voluntary movements. Movement-related modulation of oscillatory activity predominantly occurred in the α (8-12 Hz) and low β (12-20 Hz) frequencies in the STN but in the high β (20-35 Hz) frequencies in the PPN, supporting observations from rodent studies suggesting that oscillatory activity is not directly transmitted from the STN to the PPN in PD. Finally, to better understand the roles of the STN and PPN in large-scale movement, the effects of STN and PPN DBS on gait abnormalities in PD patients were studied. DBS of the STN appeared to improve gait by optimising executive gait control while DBS of the PPN appeared to restore autonomic gait control. These results have several implications for DBS patient selection, surgical targeting, and for understanding the mechanisms underlying DBS efficacy.
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43

Sundstedt, Stina. "Swallowing and deep brain stimulation : swallowing function in Parkinson's disease after subthalamic nucleus and caudal zona incerta deep brain stimulation". Licentiate thesis, Umeå universitet, Öron- näs- och halssjukdomar, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-86133.

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Background Swallowing problems are common in Parkinson’s disease, and these affect morbidity and mortality largely due to aspiration-induced pneumonia. Even mild dysphagia affects patient Quality of Life. Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), a surgical treatment for Parkinson’s disease, improves overall motor function, though the effect of DBS on swallowing function is not clear. The aim of the studies in this thesis was to improve our understanding of the effect from DBS of caudal zona incerta and subthalamic nucleus on pharyngeal swallowing function. Specific aims were to compare DBS effects over time postoperatively (6 & 12 months) for swallowing function, on and off stimulation, with a preoperative baseline assessment in order to identify possible negative swallowing effects of DBS. Methods Eight patients with DBS in caudal zona incerta and eleven patients with DBS in subthalamic nucleus were included in the two studies. The effect of DBS on swallowing function was evaluated by self-estimation on a visual analogue scale and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing function with a predefined swallowing protocol including Rosenbek’s Penetration/Aspiration Scale, Secretion Severity Scale,preswallow spillage, pharyngeal residue and pharyngeal clearance. The patients with caudal zona incerta DBS also answered questions regarding swallowing-related Quality of Life. All patients received L-dopa treatment during postoperative assessments. Results There was no clear effect of DBS on swallowing function in the two samples. The occurrence of aspiration, secretions, pharyngeal residue or clearance was not affected by the surgery or the stimulation. In the subthalamic nucleus DBS sample, self-estimations revealed an improvement with stimulation turned on. For the caudal zona incerta DBS patients, no effect of DBS was seen on the results from the swallowing-related QOL questions. Conclusion Subthalamic nucleus DBS and caudal zona incerta DBS did not appear to have a negative effect on swallowing function in this cohort. Patients with subthalamic nucleus DBS reported a self-perceived improvement in swallowing function after DBS. There appears to be no increased risk for aspiration or penetration due to surgery or stimulation regardless of stimulation site. Since the sample sizes in these cohorts are small, the findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.
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44

Gray, Alan. "Understanding expectations of, and satisfaction with, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus : patient and carer perspectives in Parkinson's disease". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1074/.

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Nishioka, Tadaaki. "Chemogenetic Suppression of the Subthalamic Nucleus Induces Attentional Deficits and Impulsive Action in a Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task in Mice". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259013.

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Bergmann, Olaf Ingmar. "Dopamin D1- und D2-Rezeptor wirksame Substanzen modulieren das durch Hochfrequenzstimulation des Nucleus subthalamicus induzierte Rotationsverhalten der Ratte /". Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014921901&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Henning, Jeannette. "Wirkungen der tiefen Hirnstimulation Analyse der Gen- und Proteinexpression in einem optimierten Rattenmodell". Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989527751/04.

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Eklund, Elisabeth y Lena Sandström. "Realization of Fricatives in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Treated with Deep Brain Stimulation in the Subthalamic Nucleus or the Caudal Zona Incerta". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64272.

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Background In advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) the motor symptoms can be treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been the most common target and caudal zona incerta (cZi) is a more recent target for stimulation. Stimulation in both of these targets has proved to be positive for the motor symptoms but there is no consensus about how DBS affects the speech and the articulation. Aim The aim of this study was to investigate how fricatives are realized within patients suffering from PD treated with DBS in STN or cZi. Method 9 patients stimulated in STN and 10 patients stimulated in cZi were recorded reading a shorter text.  The recordings were made preoperatively (Pre) and 12 months after surgery with the stimulation switched off (sOff) and on (sOn). From the recordings the fricatives were extracted and assessed in a blinded and randomized procedure. Results For the patients stimulated in cZi the target fricative /s/ had significant lower correct realizations in the sOn condition compared to the other two conditions. The other target fricatives in cZi showed the same pattern as well. For the STN group no unequivocal pattern could be seen. Conclusions The results suggest that stimulation in cZi may affect the patients’ articulation of fricatives and thereby their extended articulatory movements more negative than stimulation in STN.
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Elben, Saskia [Verfasser], Alfons [Gutachter] Schnitzler y Tobias [Gutachter] Kalenscher. "Electrophysiological Studies of Non-Motor Functions of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease / Saskia Elben ; Gutachter: Alfons Schnitzler, Tobias Kalenscher". Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1175202525/34.

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Grieb, Benjamin Max [Verfasser] y Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Hamel. "Abnormal behavior of parkinsonian rats and genetic changes following high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus / Benjamin Max Grieb. Betreuer: Wolfgang Hamel". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1084213087/34.

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