Artículos de revistas: "Substrat massif"

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Kone, Martine, Lucien Bonou, Jean Koulidiati, Pierre Joly, Soumaïla Sodre y Yvette Bouvet. "Traitement d'eaux usées urbaines par infiltration-percolation sur sable et sur substrat de coco après un bassin anaérobie de lagune sous climat tropical". Revue des sciences de l’eau 25, n.º 2 (7 de agosto de 2012): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011604ar.

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Au Burkina Faso, l’un des soucis majeurs demeure la gestion des eaux résiduaires dans les villes. Notre objectif a été d’étudier des procédés biologiques alternatifs destinés aux petites et moyennes collectivités et particulièrement adaptés aux conditions climatiques tropicales. Nous avons examiné les performances épuratoires de deux matériaux de filtration que sont le sable et un substrat de coco concassé (fibres de coco), sur des systèmes pilotes recevant des effluents issus d’un bassin anaérobie de lagunage. Les résultats montrent des performances croissantes de 93 % à 95 % sur la DCO (Demande Chimique en Oxygène) et un abattement moyen sur la DBO5 (Demande Biochimique en Oxygène) atteignant 99 %, avec la colonisation progressive du massif de sable par la biomasse. Avec le substrat de coco les rendements moyens sur la DCO passent successivement de 15 % à 51 % lorsque les charges hydrauliques varient de 20 à 60 L•m-2•j-1, du fait de l’extraction de composés phénoliques du substrat. Cependant, il présente la même efficacité que le sable pour l’élimination de la pollution biodégradable. Les rendements en azote Kjeldahl sont de 75 % et 84 % pour le substrat de coco et le sable respectivement, alors que le filtrat issu du substrat de coco n’a donné que 7 mg•L-1 en moyenne de nitrates. Dans le même temps, les concentrations en nitrates atteignent 40 mg•L-1 pour le massif de sable. Ce comportement du substrat de coco pourrait être attribué à la formation de complexes entre composés azotés et les tanins issus de ce matériau.

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Thébaud, Gilles, Guillaume Choisnet y Camille Roux. "Contribution to the survey of the heathlands of the french Massif central (habitats 4030 and 4060) : analysis of phytosociological data." BIOM - Revue scientifique pour la biodiversité du Massif central 2, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 62–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52497/biom.v2i1.283.

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À partir d’un échantillonnage initial de 990 relevés de landes du Massif central français, issu de la bibliographie et de recherches récentes sur le terrain, les auteurs réalisent une analyse globale puis des analyses partielles en MTC, CCA et DCA sur 675 relevés concernant les étages montagnard moyen et subalpin. Les résultats de cette révision conduisent à la caractérisation de seize associations végétales dont cinq nouvelles et quarante-sept sous-unités. Le sud et l’est du Massif central, Cévennes, Vivarais, Margeride, jusqu’ici moins bien connus, apportent le plus grand lot de nouveautés phytosociologiques. Ces communautés appartiennent à 2 classes phytosociologiques (Loiseleurio procumbentis-Vaccinietea microphylli et Calluno vulgaris-Ulicetea minoris) et 3 alliances dont le Genisto pilosae-Empetrion hermaphroditi all. nov. et le Genisto pilosae-Vaccinion Braun-Blanq. 1926. La nomenclature et la syntaxonomie de cette dernière alliance sont discutées et modifiées et une sous-alliance nouvelle y est créée (Vaccinienion myrtillo-uliginosi suball. nov.). Les communautés étudiées se différencient principalement en fonction de la disparité climatique du Massif, le gradient altitudinal, le substrat géologique et la topographie. Elles peuvent constituer des végétations stables ou entrent dans des successions dynamiques conduisant à des stades boisés. Leur caractérisation contribue à la connaissance de la compartimentation biogéographique et bioclimatique du Massif central, en rapport notamment avec les différences liées à la pluviométrie estivale, entre montagnes volcaniques nord-occidentales sous influence océanique, massifs internes au caractère subcontinental et bordure méridionale sous influence méditerranéenne. De même les végétations étudiées confirment un étage subalpin supérieur dans les quelques massifs qui dépassent 1600 m. La hiérarchisation des variables écologiques discriminantes pour ces végétations, la description de leurs conditions stationnelles et leur caractérisation dynamique au sein des espaces sylvo-pastoraux, donnent des éléments pour la gestion et la conservation des habitats d’intérêt européens correspondants, en particulier 4030 and 4060.

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Sarmoum, Mohamed, Frédéric Guibal y Fatiha Abdoun. "EFFET DES FACTEURS STATIONNELS SUR LA CROISSANCE RADIALE ET LA RÉPONSE DU PIN D’ALEP AU CLIMAT DANS LE MASSIF DE L’OUARSENIS, ALGÉRIE". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 329, n.º 329 (21 de julio de 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.329.a31308.

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Lesrelations entre leclimat et lacroissance radiale sur la période 1967-2010 de neuf populations de pin d’Alep dans le massif de l’Ouarsenis (Nord-Ouest de l’Algérie) ont été étudiées en fonction des facteurs stationnels (substrat, altitude, exposition et âge des arbres) à l’aide de méthodes de dendrochronologie. Les variations interannuelles des épaisseurs de cernes ont été analysées. L’étude rétrospective de la croissance radiale indique une forte variabilité interannuelle des épaisseurs des cernes à l’intérieur d’une même popu- lation. Les paramètres statistiques calcu- lés indiquent une forte variabilité de la croissance radiale entre les populations, cette variabilité étant liée aux facteurs sta- tionnels et à l’âge des arbres. L’âge joue un rôle négatif sur l’épaisseur moyenne des cernes et sur le phénomène de persis- tance. La sensitivité (sensibilité au climat) moyenne des arbres tend à être plus éle- vée sur les substrats gréseux ou schisteux que sur les substrats calcaires. L’analyse des relations cerne-climat montre que le pin d’Alep est réactif aux précipitations de la période précédant ou contempo- raine de la formation du cerne. Les tem- pératures interviennent négativement sur la croissance radiale, surtout par leurs valeurs maximales. Les relations du pin d’Alep aux conditions climatiques sont modulées par les facteurs stationnels, notamment le substrat. Les populations les plus réactives se localisent davantage sur un substrat gréseux. Ces résultats constituent un descriptif utile pour com- prendre la plasticité écologique du pin d’Alep et sa réponse aux changements cli- matiques, afin de proposer des mesures destinées à assurer une meilleure protec- tion des pinèdes menacées depuis plu- sieurs décennies.

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Novembrianto, Rizka y Muslikha Nourma Rhomadhoni. "PENENTUAN LAJU PEMBENTUKAN GULA REDUKSI ECENG GONDOK PADA PROSES HIDROLISIS KOMBINASI DENGAN BAKTERI SELULOLITIK". JURNAL ENVIROTEK 13, n.º 2 (25 de octubre de 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/envirotek.v13i2.129.

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Kehadiran eceng gondok dalam jumlah yang massif akan menjadi masalah untuk air permukaan. Namun eceng gondok juga memiliki kandungan selulosa yang bisa dikonversi menjadi gula reduksi sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan bioethanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hasil gula reduksi tahap hidrolisis kombinasi dengan bakteri selulolitik dan laju reaksi maksimumnya. Kebutuhan eceng gondok yang digunakan adalah substrat pada variasi 0,025; 0,057; 0,100; 0,161 dan 0,232 % (b/v). Segmen pretreatment menggunakan kapang Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan dilanjutkan hidrolisis secara kimia dengan perlakuan 0,25 % dan 2 % H2SO4 dan variasi tetap panas 100 + 3 oC dan kombinasi menggunakan Cellvibrio selama 24, 48, 72, 96 dan 120 jam. Penelitian dilakukan pada suhu ruang. Metode untuk pengukuran gula reduksi menggunakan Nelson-Somogyi. Gula reduksi yang telah dihasilkan pada proses pretreatment adalah dengan variasi jamur P. chrysosporium, hidrolisa 0,25 % H2SO4 dan pemanasan (didih) 100 + 3oC selama 30 menit dan Cellvibrio dengan hasil terbanyak pada substrat eceng gondok 20 g dan waktu 96 jam. Laju pembentukan gula reduksi maksimum (Vmaks) sebesar 0,762 mg/g.jam dan Km senilai 0,03 %.

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Popov, Yurii V., Olga E. Pustovit y Sergej V. Levchenko. "Geodynamic Complex of Apohyperbasites of the Zone of the Peredovoy Ridge of the Greater Caucasus". UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, n.º 2 (214) (30 de junio de 2022): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2022-2-85-92.

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Apohyperbasite complexes are important indicators of geodynamic settings, their features indicate both the composition of the mantle substrate and the parameters of crustal metamorphism. In the structure of the folded-boulder structure of the Greater Caucasus, apohyperbasites are mainly associated with the Hercynian structural-tectonic zone of the Peredovoy Range, where the bulk of serpentinites is conventionally attributed to the late Proterozoic and combined into the Bedene complex. Electron probe and X-ray phase analyzes of serpentinites and accessory chromespinelides make it possible to determine whether the protolith belongs to the depleted substrate of the geodynamic complex of supra- and oversubduction zones (SSZ) and indicate its connection with dunite-harzburgite massifs. The composition of mantle chromespinelides varies from picotite with values of Cr# 0.36-0.43, Mg# 0.66-0.72 (in the Nizhneteberdinsky massif) to subferrichromite - chromites (in the Dakhovsky massif), which corresponds to the ophiolitic trend. During exhumation, the zoned grains of the mantle composition were partially preserved, since after recrystallization they are intensively processed by hydrothermal solutions with the formation of microporous and atoll structures. Serpentinites of chrysotile-antigorite and antigorite composition are typical for the southern part of the Peredovoy Range; less high-temperature lizardite-chrysotile associations are common to the north. Petrographic features of the studied serpentinite massifs of the zone of the Peredovoy Range of the Greater Caucasus make them similar to the massifs of the Central Belt and the East Ural megazone of the Southern Urals.

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LaFlamme, Crystal, Christopher R. M. McFarlane y David Corrigan. "Neoarchean Mantle-derived Magmatism within the Repulse Bay Block, Melville Peninsula, Nunavut: Implications for Archean Crustal Extraction and Cratonization". Geoscience Canada 42, n.º 3 (29 de julio de 2015): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2015.42.065.

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SUMMARYThe Repulse Bay block (RBb) of the southern Melville Peninsula, Nunavut, lies within the Rae craton and exposes a large (50,000 km2) area of middle to lower crust. The block is composed of ca. 2.86 Ga and 2.73–2.71 Ga tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) and granitic gneiss that was derived from an older 3.25 and 3.10 Ga crustal substrate. This period of crustal generation was followed by the emplacement of ca. 2.69–2.66 Ga enderbite, charnockite, and granitoid intrusions with entrained websterite xenoliths. These voluminous batholith-scale bodies (dehydrated and hydrated intrusions), and the associated websterite xenoliths, have similar whole rock geochemical properties, including fractionated light rare earth element (LREE)–heavy (H)REE whole rock patterns and negative Nb, Ti, and Ta anomalies. Dehydrated intrusions and websterite xenoliths also contain similar mineralogy (two pyroxene, biotite, interstitial amphibole) and similar pyroxene trace element compositions. Based on geochemical and mineralogical properties, the two lithologies are interpreted to be related by fractional crystallization, and to be the product of a magmatic cumulate processes. Reworking of the crust in a ca. 2.72 Ga subduction zone setting was followed by ca. 2.69 Ga upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle and the intrusion of massif-type granitoid plutons. Based on a dramatic increase in FeO, Zr, Hf, and LREE content of the most evolved granitoid components from the 2.69–2.66 Ga cumulate intrusion, we propose that those granitoid plutons were in part derived from a metasomatized mantle source enriched by fluids from the subducting oceanic slab that underwent further hybridization (via assimilation) with the crust. Large-scale, mantle-derived Neoarchean sanukitoid-type magmatism played a role in the development of a depleted lower crust and residual sub-continental lithospheric mantle, a crucial element in the preservation of the RBb.RÉSUMÉLe bloc de Repulse Bay (RBb) dans le sud de la péninsule de Melville, au Nunavut, est situé dans le craton de Rae et expose une large zone (50 000 km2) de croûte moyenne à inférieur. Ce bloc est composé de tonalite-trondhjémite-granodiorite (TTG) daté à ca. 2,86 Ga et 2,73–2,71 Ga, et de gneiss granitique dérivé d’un substrat crustal plus ancien daté à 3,25 Ga et 3,10 Ga. Cette période de croissance crustale a été suivie par la mise en place entre ca. 2,69 et 2,66 Ga d’intrusions d’enderbite, charnockite et de granitoïde incluant des xénolites d’entraînement de websterite. Ces intrusions de taille batholitique (intrusions déshydratées et hydratées) ainsi que les xénolites d’entraînement de websterite associés, ont des propriétés géochimiques sur roche totale semblables notamment leurs profils de fractionnement des terres rares légers (LREE) et des terres rares lourds (HREE) ainsi que leurs anomalies négatives en Nb, Ti et Ta. Les intrusions déshydratées et les xénolites de websterite ont aussi des minéralogies similaires (deux pyroxènes, biotite, amphibole interstitielle) ainsi que des compositions semblables en éléments traces de leurs pyroxènes. Étant donné leurs propriétés géochimiques et minéralogiques, ces deux lithologies sont interprétées comme provenant d’une cristallisation fractionnée, et comme étant le produit de processus d'accumulations magmatiques. Le remaniement de la croûte dans un contexte de subduction vers ca. 2,72 Ga, a été suivi vers ca. 2,69 Ga d’une remontée du manteau asthénosphérique et de l’intrusion de granitoïdes de type massif. D'après l’importante augmentation en FeO, Zr, Hf et LREE dans les granitoïdes les plus évolués du magmatisme ayant pris place entre ca. 2,69 Ga et 2,66 Ga, nous proposons que ces plutons aient été en partie dérivés d’une source mantélique métasomatisée enrichies par des fluides d’une plaque océanique en subduction et qui a subi une hybridation supplémentaire (par assimilation) avec la croûte. Le magmatisme néo-archéen de type sanukitoïde, dérivé du manteau et de grande échelle, a joué un rôle dans le développement d’une croûte inférieure et d’un manteau lithosphérique continental résiduel appauvri, un élément déterminant pour la préservation du RBb.

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Shardakova, G. Yu, E. N. Volchek, V. S. Chervyakovskiy, M. V. Chervyakovskaya, V. V. Kholodnov y А. Б. Кузнецов. "Vodorazdelny Granite Massif (Subpolar Urals) and Correlation Problems of the Pre-Ordovician Granitoids and Volcanic Rocks from the Northern Part of the Lyapinsky Anticlinorium". Стратиграфия 31, n.º 3 (1 de mayo de 2023): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869592x23030079.

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Petrogeochemical features of the Vodorazdelny massif granites (Subpolar Urals, Lyapinsky anticlinorium) indicate these rocks are close to I-granites and were formed in suprasubduction environment. The ratios of the key elements (Rb, Ba, Th, Sr, Y, Nb) suggest that the basites of the melting slab and the fluid separated during their dehydration could participate in the granite generation. The U–Pb age of the main population of magmatogenic zircons is 593 ± 4 Ma and corresponds to the Vendian (Ediacarian). It coincides with the age of the granites from the nearby Vangyr massif (598 ± 5 Ма), as well as with the age of zircon cores from the granites of the Kozhim massif located to the north. Values of εHf(t) from –2 to 0 in magmatogenic zircons with an age corresponding to the age of Vodorazdelny granites indicate a heterogeneous source of melts. The zircons of these granites also contain ancient cores with U–Pb ages from 2200 to 700 Ma, where the values of εHf(t) from +0.8 to +13 indicate the presence of a crust component in the substrate (the substance of the ancient platform basement). Petrogeochemical and isotope-geochronological parameters of granites (and their zircons) do not confirm the validity of attributing of Vodorazdelny granite massif (and its analogues – the Vangyr and Kozhim massifs) to the Cambrian Salner-Mankhambo complex. We consider there are the possibility of separating of independent complex (about 598 Ma, Vendian?) during geological mapping. The presence in the Lyapinsky anticlinorium of several stages of granite generation (Middle Riphean–Vendian–Cambrian), accompanied by metamorphism, and complicate composition of ancient metamorphic strata from this structure basement led to varying isotopic parameters characterizing the heterogeneity of the source of melts, on the one hand, and the convergence of a number of geochemical features, on the other.

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Denisova, Yu V. "Petrochemical features of granite-gneisses of the Nikolaishor massif (Subpolar Urals)". Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences 3 (2021): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/1994-5655-2021-3-32-40.

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The Nikolaishor massif is located within the heavily eroded gneisses of the Nyarta metamor¬phic complex and is an au-tochthonous massif composed of plagiogranites and kalispartic granites. The conducted petrochemical study of the least modified variety of granites of this massif made it possible to identify the petrochemical features of the studied rock, as well as to determine the geodynamic conditions for the formation of the Nikolaishor massif. According to the results of the silicate analysis, granites are high-alumina leucogranites of the potassium-sodium type. The initial substrate for the stud¬ied rocks was presumably magmatic protolith. Based on the ICP-MS analysis data, various in-dicator ratios were calculated for the granites. The obtained indicators allowed us to conclude that the rocks under consideration were formed from melts enriched mainly with light TR, which belong to a deep crustal type source. Comprehensive study of multivariate discrimi¬nant analysis indicators for the main elements of S. Agrawal, as well as diagrams of J.A. Pearce, D. Papu, N.B. Harris, showed that the rocks of the Nikolaishor massif are syncollisional granites formed in the Late Orogenic time.

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COUTU, A., L. ANDRÉ, S. MOTTELET, S. AZIMI, S. GUÉRIN, V. ROCHER, A. PAUSS y T. RIBEIRO. "Conception de réacteurs et compteurs de gaz innovants pour la méthanisation en voie sèche à l’échelle laboratoire". Techniques Sciences Méthodes, n.º 9 (21 de septiembre de 2020): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202009071.

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Le but de cette étude est de concevoir et de valider un ensemble de réacteurs et de compteurs de gaz permettant d’étudier la méthanisation en voie sèche à l’échelle laboratoire. L’intérêt de cet ensemble est de permettre la mise en oeuvre d’essais sur des substrats solides complexes, tels que des fumiers pailleux, tontes d’herbe et biodéchets, avec des quantités mises en jeu significatives, tout en préservant la structure et les caractéristiques physiques des substrats à étudier (pas de prétraitements préalables tels que broyage ou séchage). Il permet également d’agir sur les paramètres physiques clés, tel que la composition en substrats, l’immersion du massif et la recirculation de l’inoculum. Sa conception permet de réaliser deux types d’expériences : un suivi de production de méthane et une expérience de traçage au sein du massif solide. Le suivi de la production de méthane peut s’effectuer pour une composition en substrats donnée, pour laquelle l’immersion et les contraintes de recirculation sont déterminées. Cela permet des expériences d’optimisation de ces paramètres, notamment par les méthodes fournies par les plans d’expériences. Le traçage permettra quant à lui de déterminer le temps de séjour de la phase liquide au sein du massif solide. La création de cet ensemble a suivi un processus de conception classique : génération d’idées, sélection du produit, développement du produit puis tests et comparaison à la littérature. Les deux premières étapes de création ont été effectuées par une veille bibliographique, puis par conception assistée par ordinateur à l’aide de l’outil AutoCAD 2020. L’ensemble ainsi créé a ensuite été construit en deux prototypes successifs afin de perfectionner sa mise en oeuvre. Le modèle final a enfin été mis en oeuvre en conditions réelles de méthanisation en voie sèche afin de valider son fonctionnement et de comparer les résultats obtenus à la littérature.

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Djordjevic, Aleksandar. "Mobile nickel content in calcareous black soils of Rajac". Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 47, n.º 1 (2002): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0201029d.

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A description of mobile Ni contents in various subtypes of calcareous black soils from the area of the mountain massif of Rajac, is given in the present paper. A hundred soil samples were analysed in all, originating from four subtypes of calcareous black soil (organogenic, organo-mineral, brownized and loessivized black soils). The extraction of mobile Ni was carried out with 1.0 N HCl and its content was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The obtained results indicate that mobile Ni content in the investigated soils varies within a wide range, from 5.0 to 251.3 mg/kg that it is very seldom (only in 3% of the investigated samples) within the range from 5 to 7 mg/kg, that in over 90% of the 100 investigated samples it is higher than 10 mg/kg, and in almost 3/5 of the samples it is higher than 20 mg/kg. Calcareous black soils of Rajac massif have much higher mobile Ni content than previously investigated black soils from calcareous massif of Rtanj, which is, by all means, only partly due to their more severe dealkalization and acidification. In addition, here is undoubtedly apparent the influence of the geological substrate, i.e. of serpentine rocks that border the calcareous massif of Rajac.

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Starostin, Ivan, Aleksander Chernykh y Mikhail Girfanov. "Paleogeotectonic position of the Kyzyk Chadr porphyry copper ore field, Republic of Tyva". Ores and metals, n.º 4 (17 de enero de 2024): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2023-10019.

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Regional-scale localization conditions of the Kyzyk-Chadr molybdenum-copper porphyry ore field in the southern folded frame of the Siberian Platform are considered. The porphyry mineralization of the field formed at the Salairian (Early Caledonian) phase of development of the Altai-Sayan segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), in connection with small intrusions of the gabbro-diorite-granodioritegranite Kyzykchadr Complex (Є2–3). The formation of the ore-bearing complex was associated with an accretionalcollisional magmatic belt superimposed on a Vendian–Early Cambrian volcanic-sedimentary island-arc substrate. The complex is only known within the local Ozhu uplifted block with a “batholitic” massif of the gabbrotonalite-plagiogranite Tannu-Ola Complex (Є2), but it is suggested that there could existed some analogous accretional-collisional Cambrian intrusions productive for Mo-Cu porphyry mineralization in some other areas, that were later overlapped by Ordovician–Silurian and Early Devonian volcanosedimentary deposits or broken by intrusive massifs of the Caledonian collisional volcano-plutonic belt. The rocks of the Salairian and Caledonian magmatic belts were deformed during subsequent geotectonic stages, primarily the Late Paleozoic collision, and overlain by younger sedimentary deposits. The position of economic-grade Mo and Mo-Cu porphyry deposits in the southern Altai-Sayan segment of the CAOB is assumed to be confined to areas of spatial superposition (overlapping) of magmatic belts of the three geotectonic stages: 1) island-arc volcanic belts (V–Є1), 2) “batholithic” intrusions and small intrusions of the magmatic belt of the accretional-collisional stage (Є2–3), 3) the collisional volcano-plutonic belt (O–D1).

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Rani, Chair, Abdul Haris y Ahmad Faizal. "Diversitas Ikan Karang pada Berbagai Variasi Substrat Karang Mati di Perairan Pulau Liukangloe, Kabupaten Bulukumba". Jurnal Kelautan Tropis 23, n.º 2 (10 de abril de 2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v23i2.6484.

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Microhabitat variation was one of the key factors that determine diversity of organism associated in coral reefs. The purposed of this study was to analyze species richness and density of reef fish associated with various dead coral substrates. In addition, it also analyzes spatial distribution of reef fishes. Stationary visual census technique was applied to record data of fish speceis number and density on 4 forms of dead coral substrate (massive, branching, tabulate, rubbles, and natural/living corals as a control). The observation area was 2x 2 m and 5 replications were carried out for each substrate.The analysis of variance was to used to compare the number of species and density between substrates and correspondence analysis was used to analyse spatial distribution. Equivalent proportions were found for major, target, and indicator fish, on branching, tabulate and live coral substrates. Dead coral substrates were dominated by target and indicator fish, whereas rubbles were dominated by major and target fish groups. Individual composition was dominated by indicator fish, except for coral rubble which was dominated by target fish. The substrate in the form of branching corals have a higher species richness and fish density compared to rubble, but not significantly different from the tabulate corals and natural corals. Indicator fish (family Chaetodontidae) was spatially distributed mostly on live corals, rubbles were characterized by high Acanthurus pyropherus, Arothron mappa, Halichoeres hotulanus, Abudefduf vagiensis, Caesio xanthonota,and Dascylus auranus, and dead corals were characterized by species of major fish. Variasi mikrohabitat di daerah terumbu karang menjadi salahsatu faktor kunci yang menentukan keragaman biota yang berasoiasi dengan terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekayaan jenis dan kepadatan ikan karang pada berbagai bentuk substrat karang mati. Selain itu, juga menganalisis sebaran spasial ikan karang. Teknik stationary visual censusdiaplikasikan untuk mendata ikan pada 4 bentuk substrat karang mati (masif, branching, tabulate, pecahan karang mati, dan karang alami/hidup sebagai kontrol). Luas area pengamatan sebesar 2x2 m2 dan dilakukan 5 kali pengulangan untuk setiap substrat.. Perbandingan jumlah jenis dan kepadatan ikan antara substrat dilakukan dengan analisis ragam dan sebaran spasial dengan analisis koresponden. Ditemukan proporsi yang setara untuk ikan major, indikator, dan target pada substrat branching, tabulate dan karang hidup. Substrat karang mati, didominasi oleh ikan target dan ikan indikator. Sedangkan pada substrat berupa pecahan karang mati didominasi oleh kelompok ikan major dan target. Komposisi individu didominasi oleh ikan indikator, kecuali pada substrat pecahan karang, didominasi oleh ikan target. Pada substrat dengan bentuk branching memiliki kekayaan spesies dan kepadatan ikan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pecahan karang, namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan substrat karang tabulate dan karang alami.Sebaran spasial ikan indikator (famili Chaetodontidae) banyak ditemukan di substrat karang hidup, sedangkan pada substrat pecahan karang dicirikan oleh tingginya kepadatan ikan Acanthurus pyropherus, Arothron mappa, Halichoeres hotulanus, Abudefduf vagiensis, Caesio xanthonota, dan Dascylus auranus. Ikan major merupakan penciri pada substrat karang mati.

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Krupskyi, Yu Z. y V. P. Marusjak. "GEODYNAMICS". GEODYNAMICS 1(10)2011, n.º 1(10) (28 de junio de 2011): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jgd2011.01.071.

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Crystalline rocks of the Marmarosh massif of the Eastern Carpathians, taking into account based on the plate tectonics theory analysis of their characteristics and tectonic setting and the constructed cross-section of the local gravity anomalies, have been formed by the metamorphic rocks of Ryphean, Vendian, Cambrian and late Paleozoic as well as by the Meso-Cainozoic rocks in the south-eastern passive margin of the European plate. But later in conditions of collision and gently sloping subduction of substrate during the Cretaceous-Paleogene these rocks have been shifted from their substrate and became a part of Marmarosh nappes of the Eastern Carpathians.

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14

Setiawan, Rendy, Retno Wimbaningrum, Arif Mohammad Siddiq, Arif Pratiwi y Hanif Roudhatul Firdausiyah. "PREFERENSI TIPE SUBSTRAT DAN KEPADATAN POPULASI Ophiomastix annulosa (Muller & Troschel, 1842) DI EKOSISTEM INTERTIDAL PANTAI BILIK TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN". Jurnal Kelautan dan Perikanan Terapan (JKPT) 5, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpt.v5i1.10614.

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Spesies bintang mengular Ophiomastix annulosa termasuk dalam kelas Ophiuroidea yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem sebagai pemakan detritus dan partikel – partikel kecil yang berasal dari subtrat (surface deposit feeder). Spesies ini mampu hidup dan menempati berbagai habitat dengan tipe substrat berupa karang hidup, karang mati, pecahan karang, dan daerah lamun. Tipe substrat tersebut dapat ditemukan di Pantai Bilik Taman Nasional Baluran (TNB). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan preferensi tipe substrat dan kepadatan populasi O. annulosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode jelajah terstruktur dengan analisis data penilaian tipe substrat berdasarkan kode bentik (benthic code) dan menghitung kepadatan dari O. annulosa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa spesies O. annulosa banyak ditemukan pada tipe substrat karang mati (91.5%) dan karang masif (5.82%) dengan kepadatan tergolong rendah yaitu 0.0089 individu/m².

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15

Stepanyuk, L. M., N. M. Konoval, O. B. Visotskiy, T. I. Dovbush y O. V. Bilan. "Uranium-lead age of granites Chigirin massif". Geochemistry and ore formation 41 (2020): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/gof.2020.41.077.

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The age of granites of the Chyhyryn massif – 2040.0 ± 1.1 million years – was determined by the uranium-lead isotope method for accessory monazite. According to the results of mineral studies of zircon crystals, the conclusion that granites this mass, as well as granitoids of Novoukrainsky, is formed due to the crust, which indicates the presence of relict nuclei of substrate rocks in the middle of the crystals of this mineral. It is proposed to combine in one (for example, Kropyvnytskyi) complex All two-field spar granitoids of the Ingul megablock, leaving in the composition of the new Ukrainian just gabbroids, intrusive nature and a deep source that does not create doubts. The Chyhyryn massif has an area of over 3,500 km2, located in the northern part of the Ingul megablock. The main volume of rocks that make up the array is occupied by granites, which in their composition correspond to the granites of the Kirovograd complex. According to structural features, trachytoid and porphyritic granites differ among them, and biotite and garnet-biotite granites differ in composition. The inclusions are usually represented by a microcline (occupying 40-50% of the rock volume), having a tabular shape, 3-8 mm in size, which often contain small inclusions of quartz and plagioclase. Large plate crystals of the microcline are often crushed from the edges. In addition to the microcline, plagioclase crystalline crystals up to 5 mm in size occur in areas. Porphyry-like granites of the Chyhyryn massif, common within the Golovkivsky quarry. Monocytes from biotite granite were dated to determine the time of formation of the Chyhyryn massif. Granite was selected in the Golovkivsky quarry, located south of the village. Skelivka.

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Mazurenko, Ievgen, Karen Monsalve, Pascale Infossi, Marie-Thérèse Giudici-Orticoni, Frédéric Topin, Nicolas Mano y Elisabeth Lojou. "Impact of substrate diffusion and enzyme distribution in 3D-porous electrodes: a combined electrochemical and modelling study of a thermostable H2/O2enzymatic fuel cell". Energy & Environmental Science 10, n.º 9 (2017): 1966–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee01830d.

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17

Znamensky, S. E. "Petrological and geochemical characteristic of the rocks of the Voznesensky intrusive massif (Southern Urals): Оn the question of the composition and sources of magma producing gold and copper porphyry mineralization". LITHOSPHERE (Russia) 21, n.º 3 (8 de julio de 2021): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24930/1681-9004-2021-21-3-365-385.

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Research subject. The petrological and geochemical features of the rocks of the Voznesensky intrusive massif and its dyke series were studied in order to clarify the composition, possible sources and geodynamic settings of magma generation that produced Au- and Cu-porphyry mineralization.Methods. The content of petrogenic oxides was determined by the chemical method, trace elements – by ICP-MS analysis.Results. Among the rocks of the Voznesensky massif, which have the geochemical characteristics of suprasubduction formations, varieties with calc-alkaline and adakite-like properties were established. The main phase of the massif is represented by gabbro-diorites and diorites belonging to the calc-alkaline series. Ore-bearing dykes of gabbro-diorites, diorites and granodiorites of the Au-porphyry Bolshekaransky deposit are of calc-alkaline composition, while the post-ore dykes of granodiorites and plagiogranites of this deposit exhibit adakite-like characteristics.Conclusions. The ore-bearing dyke series of the Voznesensky deposit is represented by calc-alkaline diorites and adakite-like granodiorites and plagiogranites. The metallogenic specialization of the dykes was influenced by the silicic acidity and the redox state of the ore-generating melts. Granitoids with Cu-porphyry mineralization, compared to their gold-bearing varieties, crystallized from more acidic melts with a higher degree of oxidation. It is assumed that the main mantle component of magmas for the Voznesensky rocks were relatively weakly depleted spinel peridotites of the suprasubduction lithospheric mantle. Calc-alkaline magmas were melted from a mantle substrate previously metasomatized by aqueous fluids, and magmas with adakite-like properties – metamorphosed by melts of basalts and sedimentary rocks of slab. Melting of slab rocks may have been associated with additional heating due to friction caused by changes in direction and/or velocity of oblique subduction.

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Ryczyński, Jacek, Piotr Saska, Andrzej Surowiecki y Krzysztof Ksiądzyna. "Selected safety issues in designing engineering structures". Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 195, n.º 1 (17 de marzo de 2020): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0269.

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The article discusses the safety requirements specified in pertinent standards and recommendations for designing civil engineering objects, with particular emphasis on earth structures intended for vehicle traffic. The focus was on the following issues: the essence of reliability and durability of the structure and ensuring safety at the stage of designing vehicle traffic embankments with a slope supported with the use of a retaining wall and embankments placed on a substrate characterized by insufficient bearing capacity. The procedure for designing traffic embankments on weak ground, reinforcing weak ground and designing retaining structures (on the example of a reinforced soil massif) was carried out in accordance with the calculations pertaining to the field of geo-engineering, applying general analytical dependencies.

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Krasnobaev, A. A., V. N. Puchkov, N. D. Sergeeva y S. V. Busharina. "Uranium-lead age of zircons from granites and the substrate of the Mazara massif (Southern Urals)". Doklady Earth Sciences 463, n.º 1 (julio de 2015): 719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028334x15070119.

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20

Jendrysik, Klaudia, Michał Pachnicz y Paweł Dudziński. "Parameters of the constitutive model of geomaterials formed with the use of DSM dry technology". E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199702028.

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Numerical modelling of geomaterials is always complex due to the variability of parameters within the soil massif (created in the natural geological processes) and the orthotropy caused by this. In the case of the soil substrate modification with the use of hydraulic binders, this issue is complicated even more due to the fact the degree of mixing can be differentiated for various areas, while in the dry mixing technology, it is additionally differentiated with the depth of consolidation stress. Additional factor that makes it difficult to predict the behaviour of stabilised soil is the possible content of organic parts. Due to the development of substrate reinforcement technology, as well as the growing market for such works, a need emerged to provide parameters of the numerical model for various materials or, at least, to provide a method for reverse analysis on the basis of available data. This paper presents an example of calibration of the selected numerical model (through parameter selection of this model) based on the conducted examinations of cubic sample in the conditions of uniaxial compression. The results of laboratory tests, reverse analysis in the numerical model with a pre-selected strength hypothesis and finally, the recommendations for selection of the model in calculations of real structure on a reinforced substrate, are demonstrated.

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21

Kasza, Damian, Aleksander Kowalski, Jurand Wojewoda y Marek Kaczorowski. "Indicators of recent geodynamic activity in the Książ Castle area (Świebodzice Unit, Sudetes) in the light of structural analysis and geodetic measurements". E3S Web of Conferences 29 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182900021.

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Abstract. Indicators of recent geodynamic activity in the Książ Castle area are registered by the measuring instruments of the SRC PAS (Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences) Geodynamic Laboratory at Książ. Over 40 years of continuous observations from quartz horizontal pendulums (since 1974) and over 10 years of observations from water-tube tiltmeters (since 2002) have documented irregularly repeatable strong signals related to the relative displacement of blocks in the rock substrate, on which Książ Castle is located. These signals have dip (rotational) and vertical strike-slip components. Also, the presence of a horizontal strike-slip component is evidenced by geometric anomalies (deformations) of the shape of the Pelcznica river valley, which directly correspond to the orientation of the main faults in the area. Recent geodynamic activity is documented by destruction of (the construction elements in the castle complex. Instrumental indicators of movement, geodetic measurements and structural analysis of the rock massif have allowed for constructing a model showing the main unconformity surfaces in the analysed rock massif. Sinistral, NE–SW and ENE–WSW-oriented strike-slip faults prevail in the laboratory corridors, along with perpendicular WNW–ESE and NW–SSE-oriented clextral and normal faults. Most dislocations are accompanied by zones of intense cataclasys, secondary silification, and Fe and Mn mineralization. Generally, the faults were formed due to reactivation of joint fractures cutting the steeply N-and S-dipping (at 75-90°) deposits of the Książ Conglomerate Formation.

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Rudych, Т. O. "BALTS ON THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE IN THE OLD RUS PERIOD. ANTROPOLOGICAL ASPECT". Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 35, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2020): 416–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.02.34.

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The morphological similarities between the people buried in the cemeteries of Old Rus period from the territory of Ukraine and Balts population of the 12th—13th centuries were found. The samples used in this research are combined series of sculls from Volyn and drevlian’s fields, the group from Vozviagel, the little series from Jagniatyn, the group from Zelenyi Gai (barrows), and the group from Medzybizh. In the population buried in several cemeteries of the period of Old Rus the morphological complex characteristic for Baltic populations could be seen due to the ancient anthropological substrate. At the territory of Ukraine the areas of the big ethnic massifs were overlapped. North regions bordered with Baltic ethnic space or belonged to its periphery in different chronological periods. The inflow of some groups from the Baltic Sea region has been seen also during the Old Rus period. The traces of migrations of the 10th—13th centuries can be observed by the typical Baltic elements in the burial rites of the local cemeteries. The Medzybizh osteological sample turned out to be the most informative for anthropologists. Despite of the fact that all of the individuals belong to the circle of northern European people, the craniological analysis revealed some morphological heterogeneity of the people originating from paired burials. This concerned both male and female groups. For this population is characterized by the strong body structure and the high intravital body stature — 175.6 cm for male. The intergroup analysis was performed by several statistical methods for different numbers of groups (Systat software package). In course of this the skulls sample of Medzybizh paired burials was included to the Baltic massif. It reveals slightly greater statistical closeness to the population from the Zamait lands. The anthropological study showed that in the paired burials of the Medzybizh burial ground the people which had morphological similarity to the populations of the anthropological type spread in the Baltic region were buried. Some male possibly died during the armed conflict. The osteological features posed them as the probable cavalrymen. Presents of the females, who had similar morphological characteristics, in their graves, allows assuming that the wives came with warriors from the Baltic territories.

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Caroff, Martial, Muriel Vidal, Antoine Bénard y Jean-René Darboux. "A late-Ordovician phreatomagmatic complex in marine soft-substrate environment: The Crozon volcanic system, Armorican Massif (France)". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 184, n.º 3-4 (julio de 2009): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.05.002.

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Baranov, V. A. y A. A. Przhiboro. "New records of non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) from springs and streams of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Gorgany Massif)". Zoosystematica Rossica 23, n.º 1 (25 de junio de 2014): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2014.23.1.150.

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Seven species of Chironomidae (Diptera) are recorded from Ukraine for the first time: Krenopelopia binotata (Wiedemann, 1817), Chaetocladius gracilis Brundin, 1956, Limnophyes asquamatus Andersen, 1937, Paraphaenocladius exagitans monticola Strenzke, 1950, Thienemannia gracei (Edwards, 1929), T. gracilis Kieffer, 1909, and Micropsectra notescens (Walker, 1856). The record of C. laminatus Brundin, 1947 from Ukraine is confirmed. Adults of all species emerged from semiaquatic substrata (moss, litter) collected from mountain springs and streams in the Gorgany Massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians; C. gracilis, P. exagitans monticola and T. gracei are for the first time recorded from springs. The type specimens of C. gracilis are reexamined, and the lectotype is designated. Emendations are proposed to the diagnosis of the genus Thienemannia Kieffer, 1911 and to the diagnostic characters of the male of T. gracei.

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Filimonova, Elena, Natalia Lukina, Margarita Glazyrina, Galina Borisova, Tripti, Adarsh Kumar y Maria Maleva. "A comparative study of Epipactis atrorubens in two different forest communities of the Middle Urals, Russia". Journal of Forestry Research 31, n.º 6 (9 de julio de 2019): 2111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-01010-y.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to compare eco-physiological and morphological parameters of a regionally endangered orchid species, Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm. ex Bernh.) Bess., growing in two forest communities (on serpentine and granite outcrops) of the Middle Urals, Russia. Biodiversity, dominance, and phytocoenosis studies showed the colonization of a wide range of plant species on both sites. The physicochemical properties of the soil, chemical composition and morphological features of E. atrorubens, growing under technogenic conditions (asbestos deposits), on serpentine outcrops and in the natural environment of the granite massif were studied for the first time. The serpentine substrate differed from the granite one by its greater stoniness, circumneutral pH and lower contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus. Extremely high concentrations of magnesium were found in the serpentine soil, some 79 times higher than in the granite substrate. High concentrations of nickel (94 times), chromium (59 times), cobalt (17 times), and iron (4 times) were found in the serpentine substrate, higher than in the granite substrate. The differences between the sites for available metal contents and for root and shoot metal contents were significantly less. Concentrations of most of the metals in the roots were higher than in the shoots. Despite higher metal concentrations and lower nitrogen and phosphorus levels in serpentine soils, E. atrorubens had a larger population and greater viability compared to those growing on granite. Plants on serpentine outcrops were characterized by the formation of a larger number of fruits, greater root lengths and thicker leaf blades, compared to plants on granites. The well-developed orchid mycorrhizae contributed to the survival of this species under unfavorable serpentine conditions. Hence, serpentine outcrops formed due to the mining of asbestos could be a suitable substrate for the light-demanding E. atrorubens due to its capacity to adapt to dry, rocky, nutrient-depleted soils and limited competition from other plants.

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Swenson, Ulf y Jérôme Munzinger. "Five new species and a systematic synopsis of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia". Australian Systematic Botany 29, n.º 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16001.

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Pycnandra Benth. (Sapotaceae) is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. An addition of five species are here described in four subgenera, viz. P. comptonioides Swenson & Munzinger, P. kouakouensis Swenson & Munzinger, P. montana Swenson & Munzinger, P. poindimiensis Swenson & Munzinger and P. versicolor Swenson & Munzinger. Another seven to nine taxa are discussed but remain undescribed owing to the lack of adequate collections (and may remain undescribed pending the interpretation of the Nagoya Protocol). Pycnandra is characterised by a non-areolate higher leaf venation, sepals glabrous on the inner surface, no staminodes, and a single-seeded fruit. The members occur in a wide range of habitats and most species have very specific substrate requirements, growing on ultramafic, non-ultramafic or calcareous substrates. Almost 40 species are restricted to ultramafic substrates and many are now at risk of extinction because of deforestation, deliberately set fires and mining. We provide a systematic synopsis with keys to subgenera and species, phenology, substrate preferences, altitudinal ranges and preliminary IUCN Red List assessments for all described taxa. Four of the five new species are assessed as Critically Endangered. Pycnandra versicolor is in urgent need of conservation management beacuse its entire distribution is inside an active mine on the Koniambo massif.

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Pradeep Ram, Angia Sriram y Télesphore Sime-Ngando. "Differential Effects of Viruses on the Growth Efficiency of Freshwater Bacterioplankton in Eutrophic Relative to Non-Eutrophic Lakes". Microorganisms 11, n.º 2 (2 de febrero de 2023): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020384.

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In aquatic environments, the consensus of viral impact on bacterial carbon metabolism with the nutrient environment as an important axis is limited. Henceforth, we explored the viral regulation of carbon-based bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) in a set of freshwater systems from French Massif Central, which were broadly classified based on two trophic statuses: eutrophic and non-eutrophic lakes. Comparative analysis showed that microbial abundances (viruses and bacteria) were 3-fold higher in eutrophic compared with non-eutrophic lakes, and so were bacterial production and viral lytic infection. The observed variability in BGE (10–60%) was explained by the uncoupling between bacterial respiration and production. Viruses through selective lysis of susceptible host communities had an antagonistic impact on BGE in the eutrophic lakes, whereas the release of substrates via viral shunt exerted a synergistic influence on the carbon metabolism of non-targeted host populations in non-eutrophic lakes. The decisive effect of the two individual processes (i.e., lysis and substrate release) on BGE was supported by regressions of bacterial abundance as a function of bacterial production, which is considered as a proxy of top-down processes. The role of viruses through their negative impact via mortality and positive impact via substrate supply can eventually have implications on carbon transfer through bacterioplankton in freshwaters.

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Debrenne, Françoise, Anna Gandin y Pierre Courjault-Radé. "Facies and depositional setting of the Lower Cambrian archeocyath–bearing limestones of southern Montagne Noire (Massif Central, France)". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, n.º 6 (1 de noviembre de 2002): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.6.533.

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Abstract Archaeocyath-bearing limestones of the Lower Cambrian Pardailhan Formation of southern Montagne Noire are restricted to few intervals (H1, H2, H3) of the mixed carbonate-detrital succession exposed in several superposed tectonic units affected by severe deformation. The comparative analysis of the archaeocyath assemblages together with a detailed sedimentological investigation leads to the understanding of the depositional settings and of the building style of the calcimicrobial-archaeocyath groups and to a better definition of the paleogeographic relationships of the different tectonic units. Interval H1: small, low-relief ‘pioneer reefs’ built by Epiphyton bushes and Girvanella crusts, associated with clusters of small stick-shaped archaeocyaths, colonized the detrital sand of the bottom. They are frequent in southern Minervois and more randomly distributed in northern Minervois and northern and southern Pardailhan and represent short-lived attempts of carbonate colonization on the sandy, mobile substrate of a wide continental shelf. Interval H2: Platy and bioclastic grainstones form the substrate and apron of small crust/cement reefs and associated clusters of ribbon-like and conical archaeocyaths in southern Minervois, or of mud-rich calcimicrobial mounds in southern Pardailhan. Displaced cups of stick-shaped archaeocyaths similar to those of Interval H1, occur in the granular facies, while in place saucer-like cups of Anthomorpha margarita are associated to the mud-rich mounds. This facies association records the repeated attempt at instauration and discrete development of a carbonate platform made of low-relief banks, the margins of which were colonized by Girvanella crust-buildups whereas in the more protected deeper zones Epiphyton/Renalcis mud-mounds dominated. Interval H3: Epiphyton/Renalcis, mud-rich mounds with solitary, large saucer-like cups of Anthomorpha margarita, represented by long, ribbon-like fragments, are dominant in the upper part of the platform. They rest on reduced lenses of grainstone and Girvanella crust boundstone and in southern Pardailhan are interbedded with nodular, marly mudstones containing bioclastic debris partly derived from the buildups. In this area they mark the transition from platform to shallow basin.

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Caroff, Martial, Bernard Le Gall, Christine Authemayou, Denise Bussien Grosjean, Cyrill Labry y Marcel Guillong. "Relations between basalts and adakitic–felsic intrusive bodies in a soft-substrate environment: the South Ouessant Visean basin in the Variscan belt, Armorican Massif, France". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, n.º 4 (abril de 2016): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0230.

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The metasedimentary and magmatic terranes in the southern part of the Ouessant Island (Western Brittany, France) are the offshore prolongation of the Léon Variscan metamorphic domain. They mainly consist of micaschists and subordinate amphibolitic lenses (meta-pillow lavas and volcaniclastic successions) cut by a swarm of trondhjemite sills, together with a large porphyritic monzogranite body, newly dated at 336 Ma, and later syeno-leucogranitic intrusions. A large spectrum of fluidal peperites, including spectacular “fiamme”-bearing breccias, is observable at the contact between metasediments and most of the intrusives. The coexistence of amphibolitized basalts, adakitic trondhjemites, and peraluminous granites in the inferred South Ouessant basin is assigned to a variety of deep subcontemporaneous processes, including asthenospheric partial melting, high-pressure fractionation in lithospheric reservoirs (or partial remelting of deep crystallized mafic intrusions), and continental crust melting. Implications of these new results are discussed in the Visean basinal framework of the Armorican Massif, formed at an early stage of the Variscan orogeny.

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Fudali, Ewa. "Human traces in the bryophyte flora of the summit region of Karkonosze Mts (Polish side)". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 76, n.º 4 (2011): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2007.038.

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Based on results of the bryofloristic investigations carried out in 2006 along tourist roads and around mountain chalets the problem of bryophyte response to the tourist utilization of the summit region of Karkonosze Mts is discussed here. The hypothesis that introduction of cement as building material might have caused the income and spread of subneutral or basiphilous ruderal species in that naturally acidic region was formulated and tested. In result 45 species were found, of which the majority do not occur in natural sites in the Karkonosze Mts. Among them 20 species are convinced to be highly hemerophilous. Most of the found species were eurytopic, only 14 prefered subneutral or basic substrata. Many of them produced sporogonia, what indicates high reproduction potential. It seems that the phenomenon of synanthropisation is limited mainly to places in which cement (as mortar or concrete) has been used. The list of bryophytes found around all the anthropogenic sites and along the tourist roads in the summit region of Polish part of the massif with brief characteristics of their ecological preferences has been included.

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Kadi, Achmad. "Karakteristik Makro Algae Berzat Kapur di Perairan Tanjung Sira Lombok-Barat". Biosfera 32, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2015.32.1.295.

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Coastal waters of Tanjung Sira has calcareousalgae of the genus Halimeda limestone, Padina, Amphiroa, Galaxaura, Corallina, Hydrolithon, Mesophyllum, Peysonallia, Porolithon and Sporolithon. The substrate that used as habitat are sand, coarse sand, rocks and dead coral rubble. Calcium carbonate contained on calcareous algae fungsioning as adhesive and encrusting dead coral, shells of mollusks that have decayed and massive objects in the waters of the sea. The research aims was to determine the growth characteristics of calcareousalgae in the reef flats, local distribution, calcium carbonate contain and its contribution as a frame work coastal reef waters. The research method using transect (Buckland et al., 1993). Identification of the type of aragonite and calcite according to Cordero (1977). Analysis of calcium carbonate according to Hillis (1980). The results showed that the green and brown calcareousalgae found in the reef flats, has thallus and tubers. Red calcareousalgae grew as encrusting on dead reefs and massif substrate. There are 16 species of calcareous algae that found in reseach area, 10 species containing aragonite mineral and 6 species containing calcite mineral. The content of calcium carbonate on each species obtained 100-450 g/m² consists of aragonite and calcite minerals. Calcareousalgae contribute in the new formation of coral reef ecosystems. The other benefit of calcareaousalgae in the coastal waters is an additional food for herbivorous fish. The content of calcium carbonate on calcareousalgae species is used in pharmaceutical field as drug ingredients and supplements for humans.

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Swenson, Ulf, Jérôme Munzinger, Stephan Nylinder y Gildas Gâteblé. "The largest endemic genus in New Caledonia grows: three new species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae) restricted to ultramafic substrate with updated subgeneric keys". Australian Systematic Botany 34, n.º 5 (2021): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb21006.

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Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analyse it within a Bayesian framework using BEAST, and place the new species in their respective subgenera. Pycnandra perplexa Swenson & Gâteblé is placed in subgenus Achradotypus and given a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment of Near Threatened (NT). It is confined to the ultramafic massif of southern Grande Terre and separated from the similar species P. griseosepala Vink, which is confined to non-ultramafic mountains north of the large southern ultramafic plateau. Pycnandra kopetoensis Munzinger & Swenson and P. margueriteae Munzinger & Swenson are two new micro-endemic species known only from their type localities, where habitats have been destroyed by deforestation, deliberate fires and mining activities. Pycnandra kopetoensis is named after Mount Kopéto, placed in subgenus Leptostylis, and given a preliminary assessment as Critically Endangered (CR). Pycnandra margueriteae is from a small remnant forest near Bourail and categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). Revised identification keys for subgenus Achradotypus, Leptostylis and Pycnandra are provided.

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Маркіна, Т. Ю. y Д. В. Леонтьєв. "DIVERSITY AND SUBSTRATE ECOLOGY OF LUCISPOROMYCETIDAE IN THE PYATYKHATSKYI FOREST (KHARKIV, UKRAINE)". Біорізноманіття, екологія та експериментальна біологія, n.º 22 (2020): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/2708-5848.2020.22.1.02.

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As a result of the field study, carried out in June 2019, 34 species of bright-spored myxomycetes from 11 genera, 5 families and 4 orders of the subclass Lucisporomycetidae were collected in the Pyatykhatskyi Forest Massif, PFM (Kharkiv, Ukraine). Among the found orders of the myxomycetes, Trichiales (20 species) prevails by number of species, demonstrating much larger diversity, than Cribrariales (7 species), Reticulariales (5) and Liceales (2). Among the families of the Lucisporomycetidae, the leading position is occupied by Trichiaceae (19 species); the rest of the families revealed the fewer number of species. Among the genera of myxomycetes, Cribraria Pers., Trichia Haller, and Arcyria F.H. Wigg. were the most abundant regarding the number of species. The species from the five leading genera represent 70.6% of the total species diversity of Lucisporomycetidae in PFM. All the myxomycetes species were found on substrates formed by tree plant species; only Arcyria cinderea, Hemitrichia serpula and Tubifera ferruginosa were also found on bryophyte, while A. denudata was also collected on the wet soil. Among the substrates formed by woody plants, the two-thirds of myxomycete species were observed on the dead wood. On the substrates formed by Quercus robur, Acer platanoides and Tilia cordata, 18 species of myxomycetes were found, including 14, 12, and 4 species on each of these substrate-forming plants, respectively. The taxonomic structure of the myxomycete biota on different types of substrate-forming plants is significantly different. On Tilia cordata, Fraxinus excelsior and Quercus robur more than half of the taxonomic spectrum is formed by species of Trichiaceae, on the Pinus sylvestris the family Cribrariaceae dominates, while on A. platanoides species from the Reticularaceae appear to be the most diverse. The presence of the only representative of Dianemataceae, C. metallica, found on the bark of T. cordata, and a moderate diversity of Liceaceae on F. excelsior seem to be noteworthy. The data obtained allow us to characterize the biota of the brightspored myxomycetes of the PFM as mostly xylophilic, with a predominance of Cribrariales and Trichiales and a tendency of sporulation on the dominant species of forest-forming plants.

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Hidayat, Moulid, Prima Belia Fathana, Devi Ramadhona y Wahyu Sulistya Affarah. "PELATIHAN TERAPI OKSIGEN PADA TENAGA KESEHATAN DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM UNIVERSITAS MATARAM". Abdi Insani 8, n.º 3 (29 de diciembre de 2021): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v8i3.442.

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Oksigen merupakan substrat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Pengambilan oksigen dari lingkungan melalui kerja paru memberikan asupan substrat penting untuk proses produksi energi. Pada kondisi gawat napas, pemberian oksigen merupakan hal yang sangat esensial untuk menjaga homeostasis tubuh dan mencegah kerusakan organ lebih lanjut. Sehingga, pengetahuan akan indikasi pemberian oksigen, berapa dosis oksigen yang tepat, bagaimana cara memberikan oksigen yang benar, dan apa yang harus diperhatikan dalam pemberian oksigen sangat perlu dikuasai dengan baik. Pada era pandemi Covid-19 ini, penggunaan terapi oksigen sangat masif, sehingga perlunya dilakukan penyegaran kembali mengenai terapi oksigen terhadap tenaga kesehatan di lingkungan Rumah Sakit Universitas Mataram agar penggunaan oksigen dapat lebih tepat guna, dan optimal. Meningkatkan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Universitas Mataram mengenai terapi oksigen. Kegiatan pelatihan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah interaktif dan dilanjutkan dengan sesi tanya jawab dan diskusi. Pengetahuan peserta dinilai berdasarkan pre-test dan post-test. Kegiatan pelatihan dihadiri oleh 35 orang tenaga kesehatan yang khusus berasal dari instalasi rawat isolasi, instalasi gawat darurat, dan instalasi perawatan kritis (intensive care unit (ICU)) Rumah Sakit Universitas Mataram. Pada pelatihan ini, terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan yang bermakna, dengan selisih skor peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 10.89 (p=0.0225 (<0.05), 95% KI 1.551-19.06). Peningkatan pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan melalui kegiatan pelatihan terapi oksigen dibutuhkan untuk pelayanan kesehatan sehari-hari pasien dengan kegawatan napas.

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Скирин, Ф. В. y И. Ф. Скирина. "Lichens of carbonate ecotopes from the south of the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai аnd Jewish Autonomous Oblast)". Tihookeanskaia geografiia, n.º 1(17) (29 de marzo de 2024): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/26870509_2024_17_8.

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В работе проанализирована лихенофлора кальцийсодержащих субстратов и связанных с ними экотопов. Выделена группы облигатных кальцефилов, которая включает 15 видов, и группа лишайников с широкой экологической амплитудой по отношению к субстрату (90 видов). Обилие на карбонатных субстратах лишайников с широкой экологической амплитудой обусловлено расположением большинства исследованных экотопов в экотонных зонах (под пологом леса, на контакте с кислыми породами). На открытых участках, таких как крупные скальные останцы и крутонаклонные или вертикальные скальные стены, преобладают кальцефильные лишайники. На данный момент видоспецифичность карбонатных субстратов в исследуемом регионе составляет около 11 %. Выделена группа лишайников, наиболее характерных для кальцийсодержащих субстратов региона. В нее вошло 13 видов. В эту группу включены как облигатные кальцефилы, так и виды с более широкой экологической амплитудой по отношению к субстрату, выявленные в большинстве изученных карбонатных экотопов. Отмечена значительная доля цианобионтных лишайников (19.6 %). Лишайники данной группы более характерны для затененных и увлажненных местообитаний, но в ходе исследования они часто встречались в ксерофитных условиях. Отмечена группа видов, приуроченных к карстогенным ландшафтам. В нее вошли влаголюбивые и тенелюбивые виды, для которых субстрат не всегда является лимитирующим фактором. В ходе работы выявлены новые места произрастания для некоторых кальцефильных видов. Так, виды, известные ранее в Приморском крае только для хребта Лозовый, были обнаружены и в долине р. Падь Прямая, на скальном массиве «Новицкое» и в окрестностях пос. Душкино, в долине р. Казачья падь, а также в ЕАО на Сутарском хребте, на берегу р. Биджан, на скалах памятника природы «Биджанские обнажения». На массиве «Новицкое» в Приморском крае также обнаружена Rinodina bischofii (Hepp) A. Massal. Вид является новым для Дальнего Востока России. The work analyzes the lichen flora of calcium-containing substrates and associated ecotopes. Groups of obligate calciphiles (including 15 species) and a group of lichens with a wide ecological amplitude in relation to the substrate (90 species) were identified. The abundance of species with a wide ecological amplitude on carbonate substrates is due to the location of most of the studied ecotopes in ecotone zones (under the forest canopy, in contact with the Si-rocks). In open areas, such as large rocky outcrops and steep or vertical rock walls, calciphilous lichens predominate. At the moment, the species specificity of carbonate substrates in the study region is about 11%. A group of the most typical calcium-containing substrates in the region has been identified. It includes 13 species. It includes both obligate calciphiles and species with a wider ecological amplitude in relation to the substrate, noted in most of the studied carbonate ecotopes. A significant proportion of cyanobiont lichens was noted (19.6%). Lichens of this group are more typical for shaded and moist habitats, but during the survey they were often observed in xerophytic conditions. Species associated with karstogenic landscapes are noted. It includes moisture-loving and shade-loving species, for which the substrate is not always a limiting factor. During the work, new habitats for some calciphilous species were identified. Some species previously known only in the Lozovyi ridge of Primorsky Krai were found in the valley of the Pad Priamaya river (Novitskoe rocky massif), near Dushkino Village (Kazachya Pad river) and in Jevish Autonomous Oblast on the Sutarskii ridge (on the bank of the Bidzhan river). Also, Rinodina bischofii (Hepp) A. Massal was found on the Novitskoe massif. The species is new to the Russian Far East.

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Berisha, Naim, Kimete Lluga Rizani, Bujar Kadriaj y Fadil Millaku. "Notes on the distribution, ecology, associated vegetation and conservation status of Gymnadenia (Orchidaceae) in Kosovo". Italian Botanist 12 (4 de agosto de 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.12.65699.

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Four species of Gymnadenia are native to Kosovo: G. conopsea, G. frivaldii, G. nigra, and G. odoratissima. In this study, field expedition data, phytosociological relevés, herbarium specimens along with extensive literature sources were used to analyse vegetation and ecological characteristics, habitat types, distributional patterns as well as provide notes on conservation. Gymnadenia conopsea is distributed throughout the country, from lowlands to the alpine belt. It was recorded in various plant communities. Gymnadenia frivaldii grows in the alpine zone of mountains, close to streams and in wet meadows. Its relevés belong to the class Scheuchzerio-Caricetea fuscae. This species is classified as “Near Threatened” (NT) in Kosovo. Gymnadenia nigra grows in subalpine and alpine grassland on preferably calcareous substrate. It has been found in almost all mountains reaching >2000 m a.s.l., and occurs in different plant communities belonging to the class: Elyno-Seslerietea. Gymnadenia odoratissima was recorded from one locality only in Kosovo, on the massif of Maja e Zezë, Sharri Mts. It was growing in degraded beech forest and meadows on silicate bedrock. Its floristically diverse relevés associate with the class: Mulgedio-Aconitetea. Of the four studied species, G. frivaldii deserves more conservation attention because of its fragile populations.

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Caroff, Martial, Bernard Le Gall y Christine Authemayou. "How does a monzogranite turn into a trachydacitic extrusion mantled by basinal volcaniclastics and peperites? The case of South-Ouessant, Armorican Variscides (France)". Journal of the Geological Society 177, n.º 6 (8 de julio de 2020): 1161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-060.

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How many volcanic bodies are being confused with plutonic ones worldwide? The purpose of this study is not to provide an answer to this question, but rather to illustrate this issue through an example from the French Armorican Variscides. It concerns a magmatic body cross-cutting highly strained terranes in the Ouessant Island, regarded for decades as a granitoid (monzogranite) on the basis of both its coarse-grained texture and its mineralogy. However, the volcanic origin of the metamorphosed series flanking this foliated body is here recognized by pillow lavas, deposit layers, and fiamme-bearing volcaniclastics, all emplaced onto the soft-substrate floor of a fault-bounded basin. Among other things, similarities between feldspar megacrysts/porphyrocrysts in both the volcaniclastics and the adjoining (formerly) monzogranitic massive body lead us to reinterpret the latter as a trachydacitic extrusion. In our model, the corresponding viscous lava progressively flowed in the basin, recovering the earlier volcanic formations and inducing load effects on the underlying soft sediments, along with compaction of the previously deposited pumices, to produce fiamme. The interpretation of the South-Ouessant area as a Visean transtensional volcano-sedimentary basin provides a new perspective on the distribution of the Variscan pull-apart basins in the Armorican Massif.

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THOMKA, JAMES R. y CARLTON E. BRETT. "Taphonomy of diploporite (Echinodermata) holdfasts from a Silurian hardground, southeastern Indiana, United States: palaeoecologic and stratigraphic significance". Geological Magazine 151, n.º 4 (19 de septiembre de 2013): 649–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675681300068x.

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AbstractA microbioherm-bearing hardground within the middle Silurian (Wenlock) Massie Formation near Napoleon, southeastern Indiana, United States is encrusted by the attachment structures of numerous pelmatozoan echinoderms. Among the most common of these holdfasts are multi-plated discoidal structures representing the thecal attachments of diploporite ‘cystoids’. This large population of holdfasts permits the first detailed taphonomic and palaeoecologic study of hardground diploporite attachments, allowing for increased morphological understanding of these rarely studied structures and facilitating identification of holdfasts in deposits where they might have been overlooked or misidentified. The biostratinomic sequence commences with detachment of thecae, followed by weathering of isolated discoidal holdfasts to bring out radiating canal structures and plate sutures, eventually leading to removal of the interior floor to expose the underlying substrate. Continued exposure can result in separation of component holdfast plates, though cementation to the substrate prevents scattering of plates. Diagenetic precipitation of pyrite occurred after burial; the large size of crystals suggests late diagenesis, perhaps seeded by early diagenetic pyrite crystallites produced by decay of ligamentary tissue. Extrinsic taphonomic factors include overgrowth of holdfasts by laminar stenolaemate bryozoans and other echinoderm attachment structures. Diploporite holdfasts are not bored and are absent on microbioherms. Taphonomic data indicate the time-averaged nature of this hardground and its diploporite assemblage and permit prediction of similar occurrences at major flooding surfaces.

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MARUȘCA, Teodor. "PRODUCTIVITY EVALUATION OF THE MAIN GRASSLAND HABITATS, NATURA 2000, FROM THE RARĂU MASSIVE (EASTERN CARPATHIANS)". Annals of the Academy of Romanian Scientists Series on Agriculture, Silviculture and Veterinary Medicine 11, n.º 1 (2022): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.56082/annalsarsciagr.2022.1.45.

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Grassland types of Rarău Massif with soils formed on a calcareous geological substrate (dolomite) have a very high phytodiversity, on average 91 species of plants on a floristic survey. The overall vegetation cover was almost 90% of which over 60% forage species and almost 30% harmful species. Of the 12 main grassland types, 3 are xerophilous, 2 mesoxerophilous and 7 mesophilous. The most species-rich mesophilous grasslands are Festuca rubra and Festuca nigrescens with 135-154 taxones per survey. The highest pastoral value (PV) was assessed at Habitat 6510 of almost 68 PV where the highest production of 13.6 t/ha of green mass production (GMP) was estimated when using the grassland as hayfield. At Habitat 6520, where the grassland was grazed with animals, it was estimated 51.5 PV, over 7 t/ha GMP that supports 0.84 LU/ha in 130 days grazing season. In the same Habitat 6520 there are grasslands with grassy carpet degraded by Nardus stricta and Deschampsia caespitosa, where we have 20 PV and 2 t/ha GMP with 0.30 LU/ha. The rest of the habitats have a lower productivity, respectively habitat 6170, due to the altitude and a colder climate and habitat 6210 with a drier climate. On average, the productivity of the habitats is quite good with 42 PV, 6.4 t/ha GMP and 0.6 LU/ha in 120 days of grazing.

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Nozhkin, A. D., O. M. Turkina, I. I. Likhanov y Yu L. Ronkin. "EARLY NEOPROTEROZOIC GRANITOIDS IN THE RYAZANOVSKY MASSIF OF THE YENISEI RIDGE AS INDICATORS OF THE GRENVILLE OROGENY AT THE WESTERN MARGIN OF THE SIBERIAN CRATON". Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 15, n.º 2 (19 de abril de 2024): 0745. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2024-15-2-0745.

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Studies of the geological history of the Yenisei Ridge are important not only for understanding the tectonic evolution of mobile belts at the boundaries of ancient cratons but also for problem solving whether the Siberian craton was a part of the Rodinia supercontinent. The mineralogical-petrological, geochemical and isotope-geochronological studies yielded new data on the petrogeochemical composition, petrogenesis features, U-Pb age of zircon, and Sr and 147Sm-143Nd isotopic parameters for the rocks of the Ryazanovsky granitoid massif located near the Yenisei fault zone of the Yenisei Ridge. These rocks are represented by high-ferruginous peraluminous varieties and are comparable to A-granites or highly differentiated I-granites. Their composition evolves from normal to subalkaline granites and leucogranites, characterized by increased concentrations of highly charged and radioactive elements. Isotopic (Sr, Nd) characteristics of the rocks indicate generation from an ancient crustal substrate, the average age of which corresponds to the Paleoproterozoic. The formation of these granites at the Meso-Neoproterozoic boundary (1013±9.9 Ma) corresponds to the early stage of the Grenville orogeny and the formation time of the structure of the Rodinia supercontinent. This episode of regional crustal evolution is correlated with the synchronous successions and similar style of tectonothermal events on the periphery of large Precambrian cratons (Laurentia and Baltica), thus confirming the reliability of the proposed paleocontinental reconstructions of incorporation of the Siberian craton into the Rodinia.

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Sumina, O. I. "Сlassification of vegetation of baidzharakh massifs in two sites of the arctic tundra subzone in the Siberian sector of the Russian Arctic". Vegetation of Russia, n.º 39 (2020): 75–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2020.39.75.

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One of the thermokarst relief forms is baidzharakh massif — the group of mounds separated by trenches formed as a result of the underground ice-wedge polygonal networks melting (Fig. 1). Study of baidzharakh vegetation took place on the northeast coast of the Taimyr Peninsula (the Pronchishcheva Bay area) and on the New Siberian Islands (the Kotelny Island) in 1973–1974 (Sumina, 1975, 1976, 1977a, b, 1979 et al.). The aim of this paper is to produce the classification of baidzharakh mound and trenches communities according to the Brown-Blanquet approach (Westhoff, Maarel, 1978) and to compare these data with the community types earlier established on domination principle (Sumina, 1975 et al.). The information obtained in the 1970s could be helpful in a comparative assessment of the thermokarst process dynamics over the past 4 decades, as well as for comparing these processes in other regions of the Arctic. Both studied areas are located in the northern part of the arctic tundra subzone. On the Taimyr Peninsula (and in particular in the Pronchishcheva Bay area) the plakor (zonal) communities belong to the ass. Salici polaris–Hylocomietum alaskani Matveyeva 1998. Our relevés of plakor tundra on the Kotelny Island demonstrate similarity with the zonal communities of the northeast coast of the Taimyr Peninsula (Table 2). Relevés of communities of thermokarst mounds were made within their boundaries, the size of ~ 30 m². In trenches sample plots of the same area had rectangular shape according to trench width. Relevés of plakor tundra were made on 5x6 m plots. There were marked: location in relief, moistening, stand physiognomy, nanorelief, the percent of open ground patches and degree of their overgrowing, total plant cover, that of vascular plants, mosses, and lichens (especially — crustose ons), and cover estimates for each species. The shape of thermokarst mounds depends on the stage of thermodenudation processes. Flat polygons about 0.5 m height with vegetation similar to the plakor tundra are formed at the beginning of ice melting (Fig. 3, a), after which the deformation of the mounds (from eroded flat polygon (Fig. 3, b) to eroded conical mound (Fig. 3, c). Such mounds of maximal height up to 5 m are located on the middle part of steep slopes, where thermodenudation is very active. The last stage of mound destruction is slightly convex mound with a lumpy surface and vegetation, typical to snowbed sites at slope foots (Fig. 3, d, and 5). Both on watersheds and on gentle slopes mounds are not completely destroyed; and on such elongated smooth-conical mounds dense meadow-like vegetation is developed (Fig. 6). On the Kotelny Island thermokarst mounds of all described shapes occur, while in the Pronchishcheva Bay area only flat polygons, eroded flat polygons, and elongated smooth-conical mounds are presented. Under the influence of thermodenudation the plakor (zonal) vegetation is being transformed that allows to consider the most of mound and trench communities as the variants of zonal association. On the base of 63 relevés, made in 14 baidzharakh massifs, 2 variants with 7 subvariants of the ass. Salici polaris–Hylocomietum alaskani Matveyeva 1998 were established, as well as 1 variant of the azonal ass. Poo arcticae– Dupontietum fisheri Matveyeva 1994, which combines the vegetation of wet trenches with dense herbmoss cover. A detailed description of each subvariant is done. All these syntaxa are compared with the types of mound and trenh communities established previously by the domination principle (Sumina, 1975, 1976, 1979 et al.) and with Brown-Blanquet’ syntaxa published by other authors. The Brown-Blanquet approach in compare with domination principle, clearly demonstrates the similarity between zonal and baidzharakh massifs vegetation. Diagnostic species of syntaxa of baidzharakh vegetation by other authors (Matveyeva, 1994; Zanokha, 1995; Kholod, 2007, 2014; Telyatnikov et al., 2017) differ from ours. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that all mentioned researchers worked in another areas, and on the other, with different hierarchial levels of syntaxa, which are subassociations (or vicariants) in cited works or variants and subvariants in the our. Communities of mounds as well as of trenches in different regions have unlike species composition, but similar apearance, which depends on the similarity of the life form composition and community pattern, stage of their transformation and environmental factors. This fact is a base to group communities by physiognomy in order to have an opportunity of comparative analysis of baidzharakh vegetation diversity in different regions of the Arctic. In total, 6 such groups for thermokarst mounds and trenches are proposed: “tundra-like” ― vegetation of flat polygonal mounds (or trenches) is similar to the plakor (zonal) communities; “eroded tundra-like” ― tundra-like vegetation is presented as fragments, open ground occupies the main part of flat polygonal mounds; “eroded mounds with nonassociated vegetation” ― eroded mounds of various shapes up to sharp conical with absent vegetation at the top and slopes, sparse pioneer vascular plants on a bare substrate and crustose lichens and chionophilous grasses at foots; “meadow-like” ― herb stands with a participation of tundra dwarf-shrubs, mosses, and lichens on elongated smooth-conical mounds and in moderately moist trenches; “communities in snowbeds” ― thin plant cover formed by small mosses, liverworts, crustose lichens, and sparse vascular plants in snowbed habitats on destroyed slightly convex mounds with a lumpy surface and in trenches; “communities of cotton grass” or others, depending on the dominant species ― in wet trenches where vegetation is similar to the arctic hypnum bogs with dominant hygrophyte graminoids as Eriophorum scheuchzeri, E. polystachion, Dupontia fischeri et al. This sheme according to physiognomic features of thermokarst mound and trench communities, as a simplier way to assess the current dynamic stage of the baidzharakh massifs, may be useful for monitoring the thermodenudation activity in different areas of the Arctic, particularly in connection with observed climate changes (ACIA, 2004) and a possible dramatic “cascade of their environmental consequences” (Fraser et al., 2018).

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Febrian, Bobby y Denny Husin. "HABITAT KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DAN PUSAT JAJANAN SEBAGAI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BIOENERGI". Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 3, n.º 2 (3 de febrero de 2022): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v3i2.12480.

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The Covid-19 phenomenon makes humans stimulates their relationship with ecosystems, thereby accelerating ecological awareness, that there are other entities must be considered besides humans. Anthropocentrism is the understanding that humans are the most powerful species than other creatures, the discussed one anthropocentrism activity are about the massive development of business areas in the middle of Jakarta. The purpose of this project is to evaluate massive development by adding development policies that pay attention to spaces for creatures other than humans, namely animals and plants. This kind of thinking is called ecosophy, which means wise in ecological living. Hypothetically, the green open space applied to the design can be used as a habitat for living things and can also be used as a power plant using biogas and biocathode processes. Biogas is natural gas that is processed anaerobically or without oxygen, the raw material comes from food scraps contained in the food court program in the form of organic material substrates. Biocathode is the process of absorbing electrons that produced by microbes from photosynthesis process that uses electrodes to absorb electrons. Both processes produce energy that comes from nature or known as bioenergy, which is used to generate electricity on an environmental scale. Therefore, the project focuses on design that is not only sustainable but also regenerating the surrounding environment. The results about the project are to present a building with an ecosophy thinking that puts forward ecological policies in designing, it has a mutualistic relationship in the form of a biodiversity habitat that supplies organic material substrates to be used by humans to obtain electricity generated from bioenergy. Keywords: anthropocentricism; bioenergy; biogas; biocathode; ecosophy.AbstrakFenomena Covid-19 membuat manusia merefleksikan kembali hubungannya dengan ekosistem sehingga mempercepat kesadaran ekologis, bahwa ada entitas lain yang harus diperhatikan selain manusia. Antroposentrisme adalah paham bahwa manusia adalah spesies paling berkuasa daripada makhluk lainnya, kegiatan antroposentrisme yang di angkat adalah pembangunan masif kawasan-kawasan bisnis ditengah kota Jakarta. Tujuan proyek ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pembangunan masif dengan menambahkan kebijakan pembangunan yang memperhatikan ruang untuk makhluk selain manusia yaitu hewan dan tumbuhan. Pemikiran seperti ini disebut dengan ecosophy, yang berarti bijak dalam kehidupan ekologis. Secara hipotesa ruang terbuka hijau yang diterapkan pada perancangan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai habitat makhluk hidup dan dapat dimanfaatkan juga sebagai pembangkit listrik menggunakan proses biogas dan biokatoda. Biogas adalah gas alam yang terproses secara anaerobik atau tanpa oksigen, bahan bakunya berasal dari sisa makanan yang terdapat pada program pusat jajanan dalam bentuk substrat bahan organik. Biokatoda adalah proses penyerapan elektron yang dihasilkan mikroba dari hasil fotosintesis yang menggunakan alat elektroda untuk menyerap elektron. Kedua proses tersebut menghasilan energi yang berasal dari alam atau disebut dengan bioenergi, yang digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik untuk skala lingkungan. Dengan cara ini didapatkan bahwa proyek ini berfokus kepada perancangan yang bukan hanya berkelanjutan tetapi juga memperbarui lingkungan sekitarnya. Hasil yang di dapat pada proyek ini adalah menghadirkan sebuah bangunan dengan pemahaman ecosophy yang mengedepankan kebijakan ekologis dalam merancang, mempunyai hubungan mutualisme dalam bentuk habitat keanekaragaman hayati yang menyuplai substrat bahan organik untuk dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia mendapatkan listrik yang dihasilkan dari bioenergi.

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Ajbilou, Redouan, Teodoro Marañón, Juan Arroyo y Mohammed Ater. "Structure et diversité de la strate arbustive des forêts de la Péninsule Tingitane (Maroc)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 32 (1 de diciembre de 2007): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v32i0.7034.

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RÉSUMÉ. Structure et diversité de la strate arbustive des forêts de la Péninsule Tingitane (Maroc). Cette étude concerne les communautés végétales arbustives des massifs forestiers sur substrat gréseux couvrant la Péninsule Tingitane au nord ouest du Maroc. La structure et la diversité de ces communautés ont été étudiées sur la base de 98 relevés représentatifs. Les subéraies (Quercus suber) sont les formations forestières naturelles les plus représentatives et les plus diversifiées de l´aire d´étude. L´altitude s’est révélée être un facteur écologique très discriminant, en séparant clairement les communautés arbustives des forêts des hautes montagnes. Au niveau des zones de basses altitudes, la fertilité, l´acidité et la perturbation anthropique jouent un rôle déterminant dans la distribution des communautés végétales arbustives. Cette distribution semble exprimer la dynamique de la végétation selon un gradient de conservation-perturbation. En conclusion, l´étude souligne l´intérêt remarquable que présentent les forêts du nord du Maroc, du point de vue de leurs significations écologiques, biogéographiques et évolutives.Mots clés. Péninsule tingitane, diversité, écologie, strate arbustive, substrat gréseux.RESUMEN. Estructura y diversidad del estrato arbustivo de bosques de la Península Tingitana (Marruecos). Se estudian las comunidades arbustivas de los bosques que se presentan sobre la formación de arenisca de la Península Tingitana en el noroeste de Marruecos. Se analiza la estructura y diversidad de estas comunidades en base a 98 muestras representativas. Los alcornocales (Quercussuber) son las formaciones forestales más representativas y más diversificadas en el área de estudio. La altitud es el principal factor ecológico, separando nítidamente las comunidades arbustivas de los bosques de zonas altas, según el análisis de correspondencia canónica (CCA). Por otro lado, en los bosques de zonas bajas, la distribución de las comunidades arbustivas viene determinada por el grado de fertilidad y acidez del suelo, y por la perturbación antrópica. Esta distribución parece reflejar la dinámica de la vegetación según un gradiente de conservación – perturbación. Por último, el estudio Cellellama la atención sobre el gran interés que presentan los bosques del norte de Marruecos, desde el punto de vista ecológico, biogeográfico y evolutivo.Palabras clave. Península Tingitana, diversidad, ecología, estrato arbustivo, areniscas.

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Felbaba-Klushina, L., V. Virchenko y R. Sadygov. "BRYOPHYTES OF THE NATURE MONUMENT OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE «TEPLA JAMA» WITHIN THE VOLCANIC CARPATHIANS (UKRAINE)". BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY 8, n.º 2 (12 de diciembre de 2022): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2022.8.2.285312.

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Among all floristic regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians, the Volcanic Carpathians remain relatively poorly studied in terms of bryological research, and the objects of the low-ranking natural reserve fund are almost not covered by floristic investigations. As a result of our research, 60 species of bryophytes were revealed on the territory of the botanical natural monument of local importance «Tepla Yama», which is about 10% of the bryoflora diversity of the Ukrainian Carpathians as a whole. It was found out that in the taxonomic spectrum of bryophytes, the orders Bryales and Hypnales are the richest. The mosses (Bryophyta) are represented by 2 classes, 8 orders, 24 families, 45 genera and 52 species. The species richness of the families Orthotrichaceae (9 species), Brachytheciaceae (6), Neckeraceae and Amblystegiaceae (by 4), Polytrichaceae and Dicranaceae (by 3 species) reflects the general features of the bryoflora structure of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Epiphytes dominate in terms of substrate preference, which is a characteristic feature of bryophytes in broad-leaved forests. The low amount of decaying wood at this stage of forest phytocenosis development is the reason for the small number of epixylic bryophytes. Several rare montane species were found, occurring mainly in primeval and slightly disturbed forests of the Carpathians and Crimea. Among them are Metzgeria conjugata, Zygodon rupestris, Zygodon viridissimus, Ctenidium molluscum, Grimmia hartmanii, as well as Dicranum viride, which occasionally occurs on the plains and is included in the Red Book of bryophytes of Europe (Hodgest, Lockhart, 2020). Therefore, despite the close location of this forest massif to populated areas and its easy accessibility for tourists, it remains a natural center of a significant diversity of bryophytes, including montane species that are rare in Ukraine. Our research has initiated the monitoring of species diversity of this organism group, which will allow forecasting the development of this forest biogeocenosis in the future.

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Behr, Bernd. "Relieve de Cine en Relieve". Philosophy of Photography 13, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/pop_00045_7.

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This series of images forms part of the ongoing project Soft Ground, Hard Light, which speculates on a multiscalar spatial ontology of photography emanating from the Arditurri silver mine complex in the Basque Country. Evoking the mountainous massif around Arditurri where silver ore and galena have been extracted since Roman presence in the area, the depicted topographies are, in fact, data transcriptions from atomic force microscopy (AFM) probing the analogue film stock of an early 1930s experiment in 3D cinema, Cine en Relieve, by the Basque cinematographer Teófilo Mingueza. In contrast to optical or electron microscopy, AFM uses a scanning probe to physically touch the specimen, recording its surface undulations at the atomic scale of a nanometre, or a billionth of a metre. As a haptic operation based on direct contact between instrument and sample, between apparatus and referent, AFM is literally a contact print, a ‘blind’ scan that senses not the visual content of the recorded image but ‘feels’ its underlying material substrate of silver nanoparticles within the 35 mm film emulsion. The resulting image assemblies visualize a topography resulting from the intra-action between the silver nanoparticles and the scanning probe as much as its transcription through the particular parameters afforded by the AFM analysis software. Hard Light, Soft Ground was initiated during an artist’s residency at Tabakalera Centre for Contemporary Culture, Donostia-San Sebastián, and is currently in production as part of the wider research project Esper Syndrome: Archaeotopologies of the Image at the Royal College of Art, funded by the AHRC through the London Arts & Humanities Partnership. With additional thanks to the Basque Film Archive and Gustavo Ariel Schwartz at the Materials Physics Centre, Donostia-San Sebastián.

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DRAPELA, PEDRO y JUAN LARRAÍN. "The bryophytes of Madre de Dios Archipelago, Magallanes Region, Chile". Phytotaxa 428, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2020): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.428.1.2.

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We present a bryophyte checklist for Madre de Dios Archipelago, located in western Magallanes Region, southern Chile. Madre de Dios is one of the most unique limestone massifs on Earth, and together with Diego de Almagro Island (150 km southward), they are the most extensive of such existing areas in Chile. It is located in the western margins of the southern archipelago region, between Puerto Edén and Puerto Natales. As a result of this first bryophyte collecting effort in calcareous environments in Chile, a total of 152 bryophyte taxa are reported, including two hornworts, 80 liverworts, and 70 moss taxa. From this total, 14 are new records for Magallanes Region and 25 for Última Esperanza Province. Eleven species extend their southern distribution limit, whereas two extend their northern distribution limit. Among the new regional records, we found the rare Vesiculariopsis spirifolium (Dusén) Broth., for which only three previous collections were known, obtaining additional ecological data. Additionally, the only southern South American representative of the tropical family Pleuroziaceae, Pleurozia paradoxa (J.B.Jack) Schiffn. was abundantly found among sandstone tundra. Both sandstone and limestone environments were prospected, the latter alone being inhabited by 100 bryophyte taxa. A liverwort-moss proportion pattern related to a calcareous substrata exposure gradient is discussed, and the most frequent species of the different environments of the islands are characterized. For most bryophytes reported here, these new records fill an important distribution gap in a scarcely explored area.

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Osipova, Evgeniya y Guzel Danukalova. "Первые сведения о субфоссильных наземных и пресноводных моллюсках памятников природы Торатау, Куштау и Юрактау (THE FIRST DATA ON SUBFOSSIL TERRESTRIAL AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS OF NATURE MONUMENTS TORATAU, KUSHTAU AND YURAKTAU)". Geologicheskii vestnik, n.º 2 (14 de julio de 2023): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31084/2619-0087/2023-2-13.

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В статье охарактеризованы субфоссильные наземные и пресноводные моллюски территории с региональными памятниками природы — Башкирские шиханы: Юрактау, Куштау и Торатау (геопарк «Торатау»), номинируемые на статус памятника природы ЮНЕСКО. Впервые установлен видовой состав наземных моллюсков, обитающих на склонах и у подно- жий раннепермских рифовых массивов, а также пресноводных моллюсков в старицах и озёрах у подножия шиханов — всего 52 вида: среди них — наземные моллюски представлены 28 вида- ми, пресноводные — 24 видами. Среди наземных моллюсков — наиболее богатыми в видовом и количественном отношении являются сообщества, приуроченные к скалам и остепнённым склонам, что свидетельствует о тесной связи моллюсков-кальцефилов с карбонатным субстра- том, а также экспозицией склонов. Приведено описание комплексов моллюсков по биотопам. The article characterizes subfossil terrestrial and freshwater molluscs of the territory of the Bashkir shikhans of Yuraktau, Kushtau and Toratau (Toratau geopark), which are regional natural monuments and are nominated for UNESCO status. For the first time, the species composition of terrestrial molluscs living on the slopes and at the foot of the Early Permian reef massifs, as well as freshwater molluscs in oxbow lakes and lakes at the foot of shikhans was established. A total of 52 species were recognized: among them — terrestrial mollusсs are represented by 28 species, freshwater — by 24 species. Among terrestrial molluscs, the communities confined to rocks and steppe slopes are the richest in terms of species and quantity of shells, which indicate a close relationship of calcephilous mollusсs with a carbonate substrate, as well as exposure of slopes. The description of molluscs’ complexes according to biotopes is given.

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Schlagintweit, Felix y Sylvain Rigaud. "The benthic foraminifer Stomatorbina binkhorsti (Reuss, 1862): Taxonomic review and ecological insights". Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 112, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2019): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17738/ajes.2019.0011.

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AbstractThe benthic foraminifer Rosalina binkhorsti Reuss, 1862, was cosmopolitan in Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene shallow-water seas. It possesses a distinctive composite wall made of a continuous, agglutinated layer discontinuously covered by secondary hyaline outer deposits. Its taxonomic position, phylogeny, morphology, wall structure, and composition have been debated for a long time. Based on abundant, well-preserved material from the Danian of the Kambühel Formation in the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria, we identify elements in the here emended species Stomatorbina binkhorsti which support a strong affinity to the order Textulariida, within the genus Stomatorbina Dorreen, 1948. Usually regarded as free (non-fixing), S. binkhorsti is here illustrated attached to small bioclasts in high-energy carbonate settings. The attached specimens are juvenile forms with a wall covered by massive hyaline deposits. This observation suggests that secondary lamellar parts added to the wall may have served for stabilisation or fixation to the substrate.Rosalina binkhorsti Reuss, 1862, war eine in den Flachwassermeeren der Oberkreide und des frühen Paläogens kosmopolitische benthonische Foraminifere. Sie besitzt eine zusammengesetzte Wand, bestehend aus einer kontinuierlichen agglutinierten Lage welche diskontinuierlich von äusseren sekundär-hyalinen Abschnitten bedeckt ist. Ihre taxonomische Position, Phylogenie, Morphologie, Wandstruktur und –zusammensetzung ist seit langem umstritten. Basierend auf gut erhaltenem und reichhaltigem Material aus dem Danium der Kambühel Formation in den Nördlichen Kalkalpen von Österreich, werden Charakteristika identifiziert, welche nachhaltig eine Affinität zur Gattung Stomatorbina Dorreen, 1948 innerhalb der Ordnung Textulariida belegen. Diese Foraminiferenart, gewöhnlich als frei lebend (nicht fixiert) angesehen, wird illustriert fixiert an kleine Bioklasten in einem hochenergetischen karbonatischen Ablagerungsmilieu. Die fixierten Formen sind gewöhnlich juvenile Exemplare deren Wand mehr oder weniger massiv von hyalinen Ablagerungen bedeckt ist. Dies lässt vermuten, dass sekundäre lamellare Ablagerung, die der Wand hinzugefügt werden, eine Rolle in der Stabilisierung oder der Fixierung auf dem Substrat spielten.

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Pada, Defy N., Farnis B. Boneka y Gustaf F. Mamangkey. "IDENTIFIKASI DAN ASPEK EKOLOGI KERANG TRIDACNINAE DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR PULAU VENU, KABUPATEN KAIMANA, PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT". JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX 1, n.º 2 (19 de marzo de 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.1.2.2013.1244.

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IDENTIFIKASI DAN ASPEK EKOLOGI KERANG TRIDACNINAE DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR PULAU VENU, KABUPATEN KAIMANA, PROVINSI PAPUA BARAT1 Identification and Ecological Aspects of Tridacninae in the Shallow Waters of Venu Island, District Kaimana, West Papua Defy N Pada2, Farnis B Boneka3, Gustaf F Mamangkey3 ABSTRACT Giant clams (Bivalvia, Cardiidae) or usually called tridacnid clams are marine organisms that live in the Indo Pacific coral reef ecosystems. Tridacnids are known to have high economic values as food, and their shells can be used for jewelries and decorations. Today, seven tridacnid species were listed in the IUCN Red List. Moreover, all tridacnid species are included in the appendices II of CITES. This research was aimed to identify the numbers of tridacnid species, to describe the ecological aspects through density index, species relative density and biodiversity index, and to assess the effectiveness of conservation effort in Venu Island and the surrounding waters. Survey was conducted in September 2012 at 5 sites, using belt transect method. A 100 m transect was laying in the reef edge in 5 and 10 meter depths. The results showed, there were four species of tridacnids found in this area, Tridacna crocea, T. gigas, T. maxima and T. squamosa. T. crocea has the highest density index and species relative density both in 5 and 10 meter depths (5 m depth K = 0,030; KR = 81,081%; 10 m depth K = 0,021; KR = 41,176%). The waters arround Venu Island were categorized as moderate biodiversity, since the value of biodiversity index is between 1 and 3 (H’=2,239). Most of tridacnids found in this area lived in coral massive (46,6%) and rock substrates (30,7%). The result of interview showed that the conservation efforts are not effective enough. Keywords : marine ecology, biodiversity, Tridacnid, Venu Island ABSTRAK Kima raksasa (Bivalvia, Cardiidae) yang biasa disebut dengan kerang Tridacninae adalah organisme laut yang hidup di ekosistem terumbu karang di wilayah Indo-Pasifik. Kerang Tridacninae dikenal memiliki nilai ekonomi yang penting, karena selain sebagai sumber makanan, cangkangnya dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dekorasi dan perhiasan. Saat ini sebanyak tujuh spesies kerang Tridacninae masuk dalam daftar merah dari International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN redlist for threathened species). Bahkan semua spesies kerang Tridacninae telah masuk dalam Lampiran II dari Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis kerang Tridacninae di perairan sekitar Pulau Venu Kabupaten Kaimana, untuk mendeskripsikan beberapa aspek 1 Bagian dari skripsi 2 Mahasiswa Program Studi Ilmu Kelautan FPIK-UNSRAT 3 Staf pengajar Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Sam Ratulangi ekologi kerang Tridacninae melalui indeks ekologi yakni kepadatan (K), kepadatan relatif spesies (KR), dan indeks keanekaragaman (H’), serta untuk melihat efektivitas upaya konservasi yang dilakukan di Pulau Venu terutama terhadap keberadaan kerang Tridacninae. Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September 2012, pada 5 stasiun penelitian, dengan menggunakan metode transek sabuk (belt transek), sepanjang 100 meter pada kedalaman 5 meter dan 10 meter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 spesies kerang Tridacninae di perairan sekitar Pulau Venu, yaitu T. crocea, T. gigas, T. maxima, dan T. squamosa. Nilai kepadatan dan kepadatan relatif spesies tertinggi di dua kedalaman adalah T. crocea (kedalaman 5 meter K = 0,030; KR = 81,081%; kedalaman 10 meter K = 0,021; KR = 41,176%). Perairan sekitar Pulau Venu berkategori keanekaragaman sedang, karena memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman diantara 1 dan 3 (rata-rata H’ = 2,239). Sebagian besar kerang Tridacninae yang ditemukan hidup pada substrat karang masif (46,6%) dan batuan (30,7%). Saat ini upaya konservasi yang dilakukan di perairan sekitar Pulau Venu dirasakan belum cukup efektif. Kata kunci : ekologi laut, keanekaragaman, Tridacninae, Pulau Venu

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Degeai, Jean-Philippe y Jean-Pierre Peulvast. "Calcul de l’érosion à long terme en région de socle autour de grands astroblèmes du Québec et de France". 60, n.º 2 (10 de diciembre de 2007): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/016825ar.

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Résumé Une nouvelle méthode de calcul de l’érosion à long terme est proposée à partir des caractéristiques morphométriques des cratères d’impact complexes. Cette méthode permet d’estimer l’épaisseur de la tranche de substrat érodé autour d’un astroblème, forme dégradée d’un cratère d’impact. Pour cela, la morphométrie initiale du cratère est reconstituée afin d’estimer l’altitude de la topographie pré-impactique. Deux paramètres morphométriques sont retenus : le diamètre de la structure d’impact et sa profondeur réelle, c’est-à-dire la distance entre la topographie pré-impactique et la base des brèches d’impact polymictiques. Une relation entre ces deux paramètres a été déterminée à partir d’une base de données portant sur 31 cratères d’impact complexes terrestres bien conservés. Cette méthode est appliquée à quatre grands astroblèmes, d’âge dévonien à triasique, situés au Québec (Charlevoix, Manicouagan, lac à l’Eau Claire est) et dans l’ouest du Massif central français (Rochechouart). Les tranches de substrat érodé autour de ces astroblèmes depuis leur formation sont estimées entre 100 et 2 000 m d’épaisseur. Les taux moyens d’érosion post-impactique sont relativement faibles, avec des valeurs comprises entre 1 et 10 m/Ma. Au Québec, l’érosion à long terme au cours des temps phanérozoïques semble avoir été 2 à 4 fois plus forte sur la bordure du Bouclier canadien (Laurentides) qu’à l’intérieur (Labrador).

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