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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Subcoal"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 13 de febrero de 2022

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1

Al-Moftah, Ahmad Mohamed S. H., Richard Marsh y Julian Steer. "Thermal Decomposition Kinetic Study of Non-Recyclable Paper and Plastic Waste by Thermogravimetric Analysis". ChemEngineering 5, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030054.

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The global net emissions of the Kyoto Protocol greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2), fluorinated gases, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), remain substantially high, despite concerted efforts to reduce them. Thermal treatment of solid waste contributes at least 2.8–4% of the GHG in part due to increased generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and inefficient treatment processes, such as incineration and landfill. Thermal treatment processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis, are valuable ways to convert solid materials, such as wastes into syngas, liquids, and chars, for power generation, fuels, or for the bioremediation of soils. Subcoal™ is a commercial product based on paper and plastics from the source segregated waste that is not readily recyclable and that would otherwise potentially find its way in to landfills. This paper looks at the kinetic parameters associated with this product in pyrolysis, gasification, and combustion conditions for consideration as a fuel for power generation or as a reductant in the blast furnace ironmaking process. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) in Nitrogen (N2), CO2, and in air, was used to measure and compare the reaction kinetics. The activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor A were measured at different heating rates using non-isothermal Ozawa Flynn Wall and (OFW) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sonuse (KAS) model-free techniques. The TGA curves showed that the thermal degradation of Subcoal™ comprises three main processes: dehydration, devolatilization, and char and ash formation. In addition, the heating rate drifts the devolatilization temperature to a higher value. Likewise, the derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) results stated that Tm degradation increased as the heating rate increased. Substantial variance in Ea was noted between the four stages of thermal decomposition of Subcoal™ on both methods. The Ea for gasification reached 200.2 ± 33.6 kJ/mol by OFW and 179.0 ± 31.9 kJ/mol by KAS. Pyrolysis registered Ea values of 161.7 ± 24.7 kJ/mol by OFW and 142.6 ± 23.5 kJ/mol by KAS. Combustion returned the lowest Ea values for both OFW (76.74 ± 15.4 kJ/mol) and KAS (71.0 ± 4.4 kJ/mol). The low Ea values in combustion indicate shorter reaction time for Subcoal™ degradation compared to gasification and pyrolysis. Generally, TGA kinetics analysis using KAS and OFW methods show good consistency in evaluating Arrhenius constants.

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2

Dunne, Jarrod y Greg Beresford. "Improving seismic data quality in the Gippsland Basin (Australia)". GEOPHYSICS 63, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1998): 1496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444446.

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Deep seismic exploration in the Gippsland Basin is hindered by strong noise below the Latrobe Group coal sequence. The reflectivity method provides a means for constructing detailed and accurate synthetic seismograms, often from little more than a partial sonic log. The noise contributions to the synthetics can then be interpreted using additional synthetics computed from variations upon the depth model and by exercising control over the wave types modeled. This approach revealed three types of persistent noise in progressively deeper parts of the subcoal image: (1) mode‐converted interbed multiples (generated within the coal sequence), (2) S-wave reflections and long‐period multiples (generated between the coal sequence and the Miocene carbonates), and (3) surface‐related multiples. The noise interpretation can also be performed upon semblance analyses of the elastic synthetics to guide a velocity analysis away from a well. This procedure helped to avoid picking the interformation long‐period multiples, whose stacking velocities were only 5 to 10% below those of the weak target zone primaries. An improve subcoal image was obtained by making full use of the versatile noise suppression offered by a τ-p domain processing stream. By separating the strong linear events at the far offsets, it is possible to stack a larger portion of the target zone reflections, provided hyperbolic velocity filtering (HVF) is applied to suppress the transform artifacts. Hyperbolic velocity filtering can be incorporated into a point‐source τ-p transform to suppress S-wave reflections and guided waves while preserving plane‐wave amplitudes to assist the subsequent deconvolution of the mode‐converted interbed multiples. Stacking in the τ-p domain is achieved using an elliptical moveout correction that reduces wavelet stretch and approximates the exact reflection traveltime better than NMO. Two regional seismic lines were reprocessed in this manner and cointerpreted with the modeling studies performed at nearby wells to avoid the noise events that still remained. Several new events appeared in the immediate target zone, passing the low‐frequency character expected following transmission through a coal sequence.

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3

Trueman, J. W. H. "Comment—Evolution of insect wings: a limb exite plus endite model". Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1990): 1333–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-200.

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Kukalová-Peck has provided evidence that insect wings evolved from primitively moveable exite lobes of leg podomeres proximal to the coxa. Reinterpretation of previous experimental findings suggests that this hypothesis, as currently formulated, is only partly correct. The costal–subcostal field is derived from an epicoxal exite, but the radial–medial and cubital–anal fields of the wing have arisen from epicoxal endite and (or) subcoxal exite and endite lobes. Wings thus have a complex origin: limb exite plus endite.

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4

LIU, JIE, MEIXIANG GAO, ZHIJING XIE y XIN SUN. "Two new onyсhiurid species (Collembola, Onychiurinae) inhabiting morel fruit bodies in southwest China". Zootaxa 4576, n.º 2 (2 de abril de 2019): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4576.2.10.

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Two new species Oligaphorura shifangensis sp. nov. and Onychiurus qingchuanensis sp. nov. living on mushrooms (morels) were reported from southwest China. Oligaphorura shifangensis sp. nov. is similar to known species O. schoetti (Lie-Pettersen, 1896), O. groenlandicus (Tullberg, 1876) and O. sibirica (Weiner & Kaprus’, 2014) as having the same pso formulae (32/133/33343 dorsally and 11/000/00000 ventrally), five papillae in AIIIO, subcoxae 1 of legs I–III with 1 pso each, 11 chaetae in the distal whorl of tibiotarsi, ms present on Th. II and III terga and the presence of anal spines; but they can easily be separated by the labial palp type, ventral psx formula, ratio of unguiculus/unguis and the presence/absence of cuticular fold in furcal remnant. Onychiurus qingchuanensis sp. nov. shares the number of dorsal pso with only three congeners, namely O. bhattii, O. fraterculi and O. steinmanni. They can easily be distinguished by the number of ventral and subcoxal pso, ventral psx and papillae on AIIIO.

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5

Irani, Mazda. "On Subcool Control in SAGD Producers—Part II: Localized-Hot-Spots Effects and Optimization of Flow-Control Devices". SPE Journal 24, n.º 04 (14 de junio de 2019): 1613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/193369-pa.

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Summary At the base of a steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) steam chamber, a liquid pool is developed, which is a key component for bitumen production. A producer is placed in the liquid pool, and its production is mainly controlled by its liquid level and the temperature gradient across its depth. A “subcool control” or “thermodynamic steam-trap control” is a typical operating strategy to control steam coning to the producer. Part I of this study (Irani 2018) presented a methodology to evaluate the production rate for a given pressure drawdown and subcool in a SAGD liquid pool; and Part III (Irani and Gates 2018) modified such a formulation for a stability analysis of the Nsolv™ (Nenniger and Nenniger 2000, 2001) process that contained a large fraction of liquid butane. In this study, first, the effect of localized hot spots on well control is formulated as a virtual skin factor in the liquid-pool deliverability equation. The results of this work suggest that a longer hot spot will yield to lower differential pressure and make it more challenging to control the steam breakthrough by choking the well at a given rate. Another key finding is that the steam coning becomes less controllable for higher-permeability reservoirs. Flow-control devices (FCDs) have been used extensively in horizontal wells for conventional oil and gas production to prevent early water breakthrough or gas coning. Although FCDs are commonly installed to prevent steam coning after steam breakthrough and to manage hot spots as retrofit completions by SAGD operators, in recent years, FCDs have been often installed to improve SAGD well-pair performance as part of the initial completion. The benefits associated with this technology in the SAGD industry have been studied with reservoir simulations and validated with field experience, but a theoretical study that discusses the main factors for a correct FCD selection on the basis of operational conditions and reservoir heterogeneity is required. In this study, the liner-deployed FCD and liquid-pool systems are coupled, and two criteria are suggested for a design of liner-deployed FCDs on the basis of the pressure-drop ratio of the FCD relative to the liquid pool (ΔPFCD/ΔPpool) and the coefficient of variation (CoV) of inflow for the liner-deployed-FCD wellbore (CoVFCD). The results of this study show that in higher-permeability reservoirs, the ideal FCD design should have more ports to reduce the differential pressure to flow response. While FCDs will improve inflow conformance relative to completions without FCDs, the effect of permeability in this improvement is minimal. This improvement is larger in applications operating at lower target subcool values. Reducing the target-wellbore subcool value can improve well deliverability twofold: First, FCD-completed wells produce more at lower subcools and, second, reducing the subcool value helps to improve inflow uniformity along the length of the lateral. By effectively removing the fluids available to the producer, the growth of the steam chamber can be maximized through accelerated injection rates.

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6

Wawzyniak, Markus, Christoph Walter, Andreas Kemle y Guillaume David. "High Efficiency Subcool Condenser". SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems 6, n.º 2 (8 de abril de 2013): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1295.

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7

Irani, Mazda. "On Subcool Control in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Producers— Part I: Stability Envelopes". SPE Journal 23, n.º 03 (25 de octubre de 2017): 841–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187956-pa.

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Summary Steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) industry experience indicates that the majority of producer workovers occur because of liners or electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), and both failures appear to result from inefficient “steam-trap control.” Thermodynamic steam-trap control, also termed “subcool control,” is a typical operation strategy for most SAGD wells. Simply, subcool (or reservoir subcool vs. pump subcool) is the temperature difference between the steam chamber (or injected steam) and the produced fluid. The main objective is to keep subcool higher than a set value that varies between 0 to 40° and even higher values. This study presents a method to calculate the liquid-pool level from the temperature profile in observation wells, and liquid-pool shrinkage as a function of time. Unfortunately, it is not practical to monitor the liquid level by having observation wells for every SAGD well pair. For this reason, the algebraic equation for liquid-pool depletion on the basis of wellbore-drawdown, subcool, and emulsion productivity is generated. By use of this equation, the envelopes are suggested to differentiate three different regimes: “stable production,” “liquid-pool depletion,” and “steam-breakthrough limit.” Gas lift operations such as the MacKay River thermal project suggested that envelopes for constant wellbore drawdown are not practical. Therefore, the steam-breakthrough limit is defined for constant rate, which is more consistent in gas lift operations. In this study, the steam-breakthrough limit is validated for operation data from the MacKay River. This study provides a new insight into how factors such as production rate and wellbore drawdown can compromise subcool control and cause steam breakthrough, and how liquid-pool depletion may result in uncontrolled steam coning at long time. As a part of this study, a minimum-subcool concept (or target reservoir subcool) is presented as a function of skin and pressure drawdown. It is shown that the minimum subcool is highly dependent on the maturity of steam-chamber and underburden heat loss especially for zero-skin producers. The results of this work emphasize that the target subcool on the producer should increase slightly with chamber maturity, considering that the skin is nonzero for most SAGD producers.

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8

Irani, Mazda y Ian Gates. "On Subcool Control in the SAGD Producers—Part III: Efficiency of Subcool Trapping in the Nsolv Process". SPE Journal 23, n.º 05 (1 de octubre de 2018): 1957–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191355-pa.

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9

Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL KINERJA CLOD STRORAGE MINI DENGAN REFRIGERANT R2 DAN R404A". Power Plant 6, n.º 1 (27 de noviembre de 2018): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/powerplant.v6i1.76.

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Untuk meningkatkan kapasitas efek refrigerasi dari sistem refrigerasi kompresi uap telah dikembangkan teknologi penukar kalor subcooling. Peningkatkan kapasitasnya tergantung pada efektivitas penukar kalor liquid suctionnya. Refrigerant R22 adalah refrigerant yang merusak ozon, dan R404A adalah refrigerant yang tidak merusak ozon. Pada penelitian eksperimentah ini akan dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik R404A sebagai substitusi dari R22. Analisis kinerja pengaruhnya ditinjau dari efektvitas penukar kalor subcooling liquid suction terhadap perubahan rasio tekanan kompresor, COP, RCI, derajad sub cooling terhadap COP. Dari penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa temperatur evaporator pada kondisi stabil dengan R404A lebih rendah dari pada R22 baik menggunakan atau tanpa penukar kalor subcool, kapasitas refrigerasi R22 lebih besar daripada menggunakan R404A. Kerja kompresor dengan refrigerant campuran R290/R600a lebih besar daripada R404a, adanya subcool kerja compressor reltif tidak berubahCOP dengan campuran R290/R600a lebih besar daripada R404a, dan adanya subcool akan mengakibatkan COP menurun. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa R404A dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti dari R22

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10

ZAKHAROV, VICTOR y MARIA DEMENTIEVA. "MULTISTAGE COOPERATIVE GAMES AND PROBLEM OF TIME CONSISTENCY". International Game Theory Review 06, n.º 01 (marzo de 2004): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198904000125.

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In this paper we consider the problem of time-consistency of the subcore in a multistage TU-cooperative game. We propose necessary and sufficient conditions for the time-consistency of an imputation from the subcore. Based on these conditions, we suggest an algorithm providing time-consistency of a selector of the subcore. Besides, we prove consistency of the subcore with respect to the MDM-reduction. Finally we introduce the notions of reduced game and dynamic consistency for multistage cooperative games. One of the main results of this paper is a theorem stating some properties of dynamic consistency of the subcore selectors. We focus particularly on the conditions of the dynamic consistency of the subcore with respect to the MDM-reduced game.

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11

Chretien, Marie-Lorraine, Benjamin Hebraud, Murielle Roussel, Michel Attal, Jill Corre y Hervé Avet-Loiseau. "Myeloma: a subclonal disease?" Hématologie 19, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2013): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/hma.2014.0879.

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12

KOLBAS, Ilker, Talha DOGRUYOL y Cagatay TEZEL. "Subcostal and Subxiphoid Resections". Güncel Göğüs Hastalıkları Serisi 7, n.º 3 (5 de agosto de 2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/gghs.2019.044.

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13

Terra Júnior, Júverson Alves, Edmilson Rodrigo Daneze, Guilherme Azevedo Terra, Renata Margarida Etchebehere, Aldo Benjamim Rodrigues Barbosa y Sílvia Azevedo Terra. "Subcostal schwannoma in pregnancy". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 70, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2012): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2012001100016.

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14

Ombrato, Luigi y Ilaria Malanchi. "Subclonal cooperation rewrites metastasis". Nature Cell Biology 21, n.º 7 (julio de 2019): 797–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-019-0353-y.

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15

DʼSouza, Lester, Shivkant Jagannathan y Frank McManus. "The Subcostal Nerve (Ouch!)". Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 14, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1994): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199409000-00020.

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16

Hertz, R., T. Elbaz y S. Shue. "275 SUBCOSTAL NERVE NEURALGIA". European Journal of Pain 11, S1 (junio de 2007): S121—S122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.03.290.

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17

Roonprasang, Kiattisak y Eakasit Sritham. "Feasibility study on using evaporator condensate to subcool refrigerant in a vapor-compression refrigeration system". MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 03055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819203055.

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A computer simulation based on MATLAB was developed to investigate the effectiveness of using evaporator condensate to subcool refrigerants in a vapor-compression refrigeration system. Three different types of refrigerant including R22, R410a, and R134a were studied. The simulation clearly showed the effectiveness of the technique to subcool refrigerant using evaporator condensate. Throughout the RH range of surrounding in this study, 40%-100%RH, the vapor-compression model system using R22 as a refrigerant provided the highest COP linearly ranging from 3.40 to 3.76. The greatest improvement in COP was found in the model system with R410a where the COP values increased by 3.33% to 15.36.

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18

McGranahan, Nicholas, Francesco Favero, Elza C. de Bruin, Nicolai Juul Birkbak, Zoltan Szallasi y Charles Swanton. "Clonal status of actionable driver events and the timing of mutational processes in cancer evolution". Science Translational Medicine 7, n.º 283 (15 de abril de 2015): 283ra54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa1408.

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Deciphering whether actionable driver mutations are found in all or a subset of tumor cells will likely be required to improve drug development and precision medicine strategies. We analyzed nine cancer types to determine the subclonal frequencies of driver events, to time mutational processes during cancer evolution, and to identify drivers of subclonal expansions. Although mutations in known driver genes typically occurred early in cancer evolution, we also identified later subclonal “actionable” mutations, including BRAF (V600E), IDH1 (R132H), PIK3CA (E545K), EGFR (L858R), and KRAS (G12D), which may compromise the efficacy of targeted therapy approaches. More than 20% of IDH1 mutations in glioblastomas, and 15% of mutations in genes in the PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)–AKT–mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling axis across all tumor types were subclonal. Mutations in the RAS–MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) signaling axis were less likely to be subclonal than mutations in genes associated with PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling. Analysis of late mutations revealed a link between APOBEC-mediated mutagenesis and the acquisition of subclonal driver mutations and uncovered putative cancer genes involved in subclonal expansions, including CTNNA2 and ATXN1. Our results provide a pan-cancer census of driver events within the context of intratumor heterogeneity and reveal patterns of tumor evolution across cancers. The frequent presence of subclonal driver mutations suggests the need to stratify targeted therapy response according to the proportion of tumor cells in which the driver is identified.

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19

Grzeskowiak, Marjorie, Antoine Diet, Megdouda Benamara, Patrick Poulichet, Christophe Conessa, Stephane Protat, Marc Biancheri-Astier, Francisco de Oliveira Alves, Yann Le Bihan y Gaelle Lissorgues. "Distributed Diameter Subcoil Twisted Loop Antenna in Nonradiative WPT". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2017.2767020.

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Landau, Dan-Avi, Scott Carter, Petar Stojanov, Kristen E. Stevenson, Aaron Mckenna, Michael Lawrence, Carrie Sougnez et al. "The Evolution and Impact of Subclonal Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia". Blood 120, n.º 21 (16 de noviembre de 2012): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.5.5.

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Abstract Abstract 5 The impact of clonal heterogeneity on cancer progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is not well understood. We hypothesized that the evolutionary dynamics of subclonal mutations contribute to the variations in disease tempo and response to therapy that characterize CLL. We therefore carried out a large-scale analysis of subclonal and clonal point mutations and copy-number alterations in 149 CLLs, detected by whole exome sequencing (WES) and SNP arrays. We utilized a novel computational approach, which integrates purity and local ploidy information, to infer the cancer cell fraction (CCF) of each mutation from WES data, and to classify mutations as clonal or subclonal. Subclonal mutations were detected in 146/149 CLLs and were enriched with putative cancer driver events (P=0.001). Furthermore, higher numbers of subclonal mutations were associated with prior anti-leukemia therapy (P=0.017). Together, these results suggest that a strong extrinsic selection pressure, such as cytotoxic treatment, promotes the expansion of fitter subclones, driving them to above our detection threshold (CCF of ∼0.10). The order of mutation acquisition may be inferred from the aggregate frequencies at which driver events are clonal or subclonal, as clonal mutations represent earlier events and subclonal later events. Of the 149 samples, we found 3 drivers (MYD88, trisomy 12, and del(13q)) that were clonal in 80–100% of samples harboring these alterations –significantly higher than other driver events (q<0.1), suggesting that they arise earlier in typical CLL development. Other drivers (e.g., ATM, TP53 and SF3B1) were often observed at subclonal frequencies, indicating that they often arise later in leukemic development. We directly assessed the evolution of somatic mutations in 18 patients, in which data from two distant timepoints were available. Clonal evolution was observed in 11 of 18 patients (10 of 12 who received intervening treatment, but only 1 of 6 without intervening treatment, P=0.012) and confirmed that subclonal mutations (e.g., del(11q), SF3B1 and TP53) shifted towards clonality over time. Indeed, expanding subclonal mutations were enriched in putative drivers (P=0.021), suggesting that these mutations not only mark genetic evolution but also provide the fitness advantage driving it. Changes in the genetic composition of CLL cells with clonal evolution were associated with network level changes in gene expression. If treatment-associated genetic evolution leads to expansion of a fitter subclone, we would predict a shorter time to relapse in these individuals. Indeed, presence of a detectable subclonal driver mutation was associated with a shorter time to retreatment in these 18 samples (P=0.04), indicating that the presence of subclonal drivers adversely impacts clinical outcome. In the analysis of the full cohort of 149 samples, we observed that CLLs with subclonal driver mutations were associated with shorter times from diagnosis to first therapy (P=0.001) and between sample collection to treatment (P<0.001). Moreover, in the subset of 67 of 149 patients who were treated after sampling, presence of subclonal driver mutations evident in the pre-treatment sample was associated with earlier retreatment (P=0.003). Regression models adjusting for CLL prognostic factors (IGHV status, prior therapy and high risk cytogenetics) demonstrated that the presence of a subclonal driver was an independent risk factor for earlier retreatment (adjusted hazard ratio of 4.61 (CI 1.59–13.34), P=0.005). Thus, the detection of subclonal drivers(indicative of an active evolutionary process) is associated with shorter duration of remission. In conclusion, the analysis of clonal heterogeneity in CLL provides a glimpse into the past, present and future of a patient's disease. Through the cross-sectional analysis of 149 samples, we derived the number and genetic composition of clonal and subclonal mutations and thus uncovered footprints of the past history of CLL. Furthermore, we inferred a temporal order of genetic events implicated in CLL. Finally, our combined longitudinal and cross-sectional analyses revealed that knowledge of subclonal mutations anticipates the genetic composition of the future relapsing leukemia as well as the rapidity with which it will occur. These data challenge us to therapeutically address not only genetic targets but also their dynamic evolutionary landscape. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Baral, Bidur y Puspa Raj Poudel. "Comparison of Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block with Port Site Infiltration Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, n.º 41 (28 de enero de 2019): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i41.1486.

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Background: Patients have significant pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Several modalities have been used to manage this pain. Subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is one of the components of multimodal analgesia and has been described as an effective technique for postoperative pain management. This study compares the impact of subcostal TAP block with port site local infiltration following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for postoperative pain and opioid consumption.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, interventional study. Sixty patients were enrolled and divided into two groups having 30 patients in each group. Group A received bilateral ultrasound guided subcostal TAP block with 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine after the completion of surgery. Group B received similar amount of local anesthetic infiltrated over all the laparoscopic port sites. Pain at rest and on movement was assessed using VAS scale in post-operative period at 0 min, 30 min, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours. Time of first rescue analgesic requirement and total opioid consumption over 24 hours were recorded.Results: Patients receiving Subcostal TAP block had reduced postoperative pain as compared to port site infiltration and statistically significantly in first two hours after surgery. The 24 hours opioids consumption was significantly less (125mg ±25.42 versus 175mg ±25.42, p <0.001) in Subcostal TAP block group. Time for request of first rescue analgesic was prolonged in patients receiving the Subcostal TAP block (3.20±0.84 hours vs 1.70±0.65 hours, p <0.001). Conclusions: Ultrasound guided bilateral Subcostal TAP block provides effective post-operative analgesia and reduces opioid consumption in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Keywords: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; post-operative analgesia; subcostal TAP block.

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Del Giudice, Ilaria, Luciana Cafforio, Luca Vincenzo Cappelli, Caterina Ilari, Sara Raponi, Maria Stefania De Propris, Paola Mariglia et al. "TP53 Clonal and Subclonal Architecture in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients Under Ibrutinib Treatment". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 de noviembre de 2018): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114232.

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Abstract Introduction. Ibrunitib (IBR) is active in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients (pts) with TP53 aberrations. Few data describing the dynamics of TP53 mutated clones under IBR are available. We analyzed a cohort of 40 treatment-naïve and relapsed CLL pts treated with IBR to investigate the dynamics of clonal and subclonal TP53 mutations (TP53-mut). Methods. Forty pts (Table) underwent a longitudinal TP53 monitoring (117 samples) by ultra-deep sequencing (UDS): 26 received IBR + rituximab (IBR+RTX) in first line as part of the GIMEMA LLC 1114 protocol (IBR exposition: 8 months in 7 pts and 14 months in 19 pts) (cohort 1), while 14 received IBR single agent after a median of 1.5 (range: 1-4) chemo-immunotherapy lines (IBR exposition: 2.1 to 4 years in 12 pts) (cohort 2). Samples were analyzed by UDS on a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina, Inc.) to obtain a 5000X coverage/base. For variant calling, the MiSeq Reporter software and an in-house bioinformatics pipeline were applied. All mutations were checked on the IARC TP53 database and those with a variant allele frequency (VAF) <10% (i.e. subclonal) were confirmed in an independent UDS run. VAF was corrected to cancer cell fraction (CCF) by the proportion of CD19+/CD5+ cells. Results. In cohort 1, 12/26 pts were evaluated at 3 time-points: baseline (T0), +8 (T8) and +14 (T14) months from IBR+RTX, and 14 at T0 and either T8 or T14. At T0, 19/26 pts showed a mean number of 1.5 (range: 1-5) clonal/subclonal TP53-mut/pt, for a total of 28 mutations. Of those, 20/28 (71.4%) were clonal (mean VAF: 57.8%; range: 18-94.8%) and 8/28 (27.6%) were subclonal (mean VAF: 4.4%; range: 1.2-9.2%; VAF≤5% in 6). Seven/26 pts resulted wild-type (WT). Under IBR+RTX, of the 28 TP53-mut corrected to CCF (21 clonal and 7 subclonal), 12 (9 clonal + 3 subclonal) (42.8%) persisted stable, 9 (32.1%) clonal mutations decreased, 6 (21.4%) were lost, one evolved to clonal. No novel clonal or subclonal TP53-mut arose during IBR+RTX. According to CCF, the pts followed 5 patterns: 1) clonal TP53-mut present from T0 and persisting clonal with a stable (n=6) or decreasing CCF (n=7); 2) clonal TP53-mut disappearing during treatment (n=1); 3) subclonal TP53-mut evolving to clonal (n=1, CCF 8% at T0 and 17.5% at T14); 4) subclonal TP53-mut persisting subclonal (n=1); 5) absence of any detectable TP53-mut in all time-points (n=7). In addition, 3 cases showed coexisting clonal and subclonal TP53-mut at T0: in one case 3 TP53-mut remained stable; in another one, 4 TP53-mut, including one clonal, were lost, and one clonal decreased in CCF; in the last case, 1 TP53-mut decreased, 1 remained stable and 1 subclonal disappeared. In cohort 2, before IBR, 10/14 pts showed a mean of 3.1 (range: 1-11) clonal/subclonal TP53-mut/pt, for a total of 31 mutations. Of those, 11/31 (35.5%) were clonal (mean VAF: 31.9%; range: 10.5-78.8%) and 20/31 (64.5%) were subclonal (mean VAF: 2.9%; range: 0.9-6.8%). Four/14 pts were WT. Under IBR, 16/31 (6 clonal+10 subclonal) (51.5%) TP53-mut persisted stable, 2 (6.5%) clonal decreased, 11 (2 clonal+9 subclonal) (35.5%) were lost, 2 (6.5%) subclonal evolved to clonal; 2 novel subclonal mutations emerged. No mutation was identified in the 4 WT pts over time. In both cohorts, most of TP53-mut remained stable (42.8% vs 51.5% in cohort 1 and 2, respectively) or decreased (32.1% vs 6.5%) and 17 (5 clonal and 12 subclonal) were lost (21.4% vs 35.5%) (p=NS). Although the lymphocyte count significantly decreased during IBR+RTX/IBR exposure (cohort 1: 47.1 x 109/L vs 7.5 x 109/L, p<0.0001; cohort 2: 48.5 x 109/L vs 15.3 x 109/L, p=0.015), the mean CCF of the existing mutations remained stable on treatment (cohort 1: 48.1% vs 40.1%, p=0.42; cohort 2: 16.9 % vs 13.02%; p=0.5). Conclusions. Both when used front-line or as a subsequent line of therapy, IBR appears to decrease the TP53 clonal and subclonal numerosity and complexity. Clonal evolution and the occurrence of novel mutations are rare and occur mostly in pre-treated pts. The significant decrease of lymphocytosis with stable CCF, prove the IBR effectiveness both on TP53 mutated and WT CLL cells, regardless of previous therapies. A longer follow-up will better clarify the dynamics of clonal and subclonal TP53-mut and whether the persistent clones may survive over time and give rise to subsequent relapses. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Mauro: abbvie: Other: board member; janssen: Other: board member. Foà:GILEAD: Speakers Bureau; CELTRION: Other: ADVISORY BOARD; INCYTE: Other: ADVISORY BOARD; ROCHE: Other: ADVISORY BOARD, Speakers Bureau; JANSSEN: Other: ADVISORY BOARD, Speakers Bureau; NOVARTIS: Speakers Bureau; CELGENE: Other: ADVISORY BOARD, Speakers Bureau; AMGEN: Other: ADVISORY BOARD; ABBVIE: Other: ADVISORY BOARD, Speakers Bureau.

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23

OâConnor, K. y C. Renfrew. "Subcostal transversus abdominis plane block". Anaesthesia 65, n.º 1 (enero de 2010): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06179.x.

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24

Jones Jr., Kenneth B. "The Left Subcostal Incision Revisited". Obesity Surgery 8, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1998): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1381/096089298765554863.

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25

Harten, Ami. "ENO schemes with subcell resolution". Journal of Computational Physics 83, n.º 1 (julio de 1989): 148–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(89)90226-x.

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26

Wang, Jiancheng, Yajing Guan, Yang Wang, Liwei Zhu, Qitian Wang, Qijuan Hu y Jin Hu. "A Strategy for Finding the Optimal Scale of Plant Core Collection Based on Monte Carlo Simulation". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/503473.

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Core collection is an ideal resource for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A subcore collection is a subset of a core collection. A strategy was proposed for finding the optimal sampling percentage on plant subcore collection based on Monte Carlo simulation. A cotton germplasm group of 168 accessions with 20 quantitative traits was used to construct subcore collections. Mixed linear model approach was used to eliminate environment effect and GE (genotype × environment) effect. Least distance stepwise sampling (LDSS) method combining 6 commonly used genetic distances and unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) cluster method was adopted to construct subcore collections. Homogeneous population assessing method was adopted to assess the validity of 7 evaluating parameters of subcore collection. Monte Carlo simulation was conducted on the sampling percentage, the number of traits, and the evaluating parameters. A new method for “distilling free-form natural laws from experimental data” was adopted to find the best formula to determine the optimal sampling percentages. The results showed that coincidence rate of range (CR) was the most valid evaluating parameter and was suitable to serve as a threshold to find the optimal sampling percentage. The principal component analysis showed that subcore collections constructed by the optimal sampling percentages calculated by present strategy were well representative.

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27

Wu, YiLiang, Di Yan, Jun Peng, The Duong, Yimao Wan, Sieu Pheng Phang, Heping Shen et al. "Monolithic perovskite/silicon-homojunction tandem solar cell with over 22% efficiency". Energy & Environmental Science 10, n.º 11 (2017): 2472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee02288c.

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28

Büschges, A., J. Schmitz y U. Bässler. "Rhythmic patterns in the thoracic nerve cord of the stick insect induced by pilocarpine". Journal of Experimental Biology 198, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1995): 435–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.2.435.

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Bath application of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine onto the deafferented stick insect thoracic nerve cord induced long-lasting rhythmic activity in leg motoneurones. Rhythmicity was induced at concentrations as low as 1x10(-4) mol l-1 pilocarpine. The most stable rhythms were reliably elicited at concentrations from 2x10(-3) mol l-1 to 5x10(-3) mol l-1. Rhythmicity could be completely abolished by application of atropine. The rhythm in antagonistic motoneurone pools of the three proximal leg joints, the subcoxal, the coxo-trochanteral (CT) and the femoro-tibial (FT), was strictly alternating. In the subcoxal motoneurones, the rhythm was characterised by the retractor burst duration being correlated with cycle period, whereas the protractor burst duration was almost independent of it. The cycle periods of the rhythms in the subcoxal and CT motoneurone pools were in a similar range for a given preparation. In contrast, the rhythm exhibited by motoneurones supplying the FT joint often had about half the duration. The pilocarpine-induced rhythm was generated independently in each hemiganglion. There was no strict intersegmental coupling, although the protractor motoneurone pools of the three thoracic ganglia tended to be active in phase. There was no stereotyped cycle-to-cycle coupling in the activities of the motoneurone pools of the subcoxal joint, the CT joint and the FT joint in an isolated mesothoracic ganglion. However, three distinct 'spontaneous, recurrent patterns' (SRPs) of motoneuronal activity were reliably generated. Within each pattern, there was strong coupling of the activity of the motoneurone pools. The SRPs resembled the motor output during step-phase transitions in walking: for example, the most often generated SRP (SRP1) was exclusively exhibited coincident with a burst of the fast depressor trochanteris motoneurone. During this burst, there was a switch from subcoxal protractor to retractor activity after a constant latency. The activity of the FT joint extensor motoneurones was strongly decreased during SRP1. SRP1 thus qualitatively resembled the motoneuronal activity during the transition from swing to stance of the middle legs in forward walking. Hence, we refer to SRPs as 'fictive step-phase transitions'. In intact, restrained animals, application of pilocarpine also induced alternating activity in antagonistic motoneurone pools supplying the proximal leg joints. However, there were marked differences from the deafferented preparation. For example, SRP1 was not generated in the latter situation. However, if the ipsilateral main leg nerve was cut, SRP1s reliably occurred. Our results on the rhythmicity in leg motoneurone pools of deafferented preparations demonstrate central coupling in the activity of the leg motoneurones that might be incorporated into the generation of locomotion in vivo.

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29

Al Sawalhi, Samer, Deping Zhao, Haomin Cai y Yuxing Jin. "Uniportal Subcostal Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Feasible Approach for a Challenging Middle Lobectomy in an Obese Patient". Case Reports in Pulmonology 2019 (7 de febrero de 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5906295.

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Subcostal access is a novel approach for anatomical lung resection. To perform surgery via this access, specially designed long instruments are required. Subcostal access provides excellent visualization of the mediastinum and anterior lung hilum. We exhibit here a subcostal middle lobectomy with systematic en-block mediastinal lymphadenectomy in an obese 52-year-old male patient with body mass index (BMI=37.7) performed via this single incision. The operation was completed efficiently within 30 minutes with negligible postoperative pain.

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30

Ojha, Juhi, Jackline Ayres, Charla Secreto, Renee Tschumper, Kari Rabe, Daniel Van Dyke, Susan Slager et al. "Deep sequencing identifies genetic heterogeneity and recurrent convergent evolution in chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Blood 125, n.º 3 (15 de enero de 2015): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-06-580563.

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Key Points Deep sequencing identifies a significant reservoir of subclonal mutations affecting key genes in CLL pathogenesis. Convergent evolution of genetic lesions in tumor subclonal populations is recurrently found in CLL.

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31

Kharbuja, Kalpana, Jeevan Singh, Sangina Ranjit, Barun Bahadur Pradhan, Ashish Shrestha, Alex Tandukar y Narendra Shalike. "Efficacy of The Subcostal Transversus Abdominis Plane Block In Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Comparison With Conventional Port- Site Infiltration". Journal of KIST Medical College 2, n.º 2 (31 de julio de 2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkistmc.v2i2.33578.

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Introduction: Pain experienced following laparoscopic cholecystectomy derives significantly from incision made in anterior abdominal wall. Many patients experience moderate to severe pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ultrasound guided bilateral subcostal transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block with port-site infiltration for post-operative analgesia after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated to two groups to receive port-site infiltration of local anaesthesia or ultrasound guided subcostal TAP block at the end of surgery before extubation. All patients received 1 gm paracetamol intravenously 8 hourly. Post-operative pain was assessed using visual analogue score at 0,1,2,4,8,16 and 24 hours. Time to first analgesic requirement and total opioid consumption over 24 hours were recorded. Results: Ultrasound guided bilateral subcostal transversus abdominis plane block significantly reduced post-operative pain score compared to port site infiltration. We observed statistically significant differences in visual analogue score between two groups at all other time frame. The 24 hours opioid consumption was less in Subcostal TAP (136±66.31μg VS 202±80.58μg, p=0.001). Time for rescue analgesia was prolonged in patient receiving subcostal TAP (3.63±2.09 hrs VS 1.73±1.60 hrs, p=0.0002). Conclusion: Ultrasound guided bilateral subcostal transversus abdominal block provides superior post-operative analgesia and reduced opioid consumption after laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to port-site infiltration.

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32

Barz, Malwine J., Jana Hof, Stefanie Groeneveld-Krentz, Jui Wan Loh, Annabell Szymansky, Kathy Astrahantseff, Arend von Stackelberg et al. "Subclonal NT5C2 mutations are associated with poor outcomes after relapse of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Blood 135, n.º 12 (19 de marzo de 2020): 921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2019002499.

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Abstract Activating mutations in cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase II (NT5C2) are considered to drive relapse formation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by conferring purine analog resistance. To examine the clinical effects of NT5C2 mutations in relapsed ALL, we analyzed NT5C2 in 455 relapsed B-cell precursor ALL patients treated within the ALL-REZ BFM 2002 relapse trial using sequencing and sensitive allele-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. We detected 110 NT5C2 mutations in 75 (16.5%) of 455 B-cell precursor ALL relapses. Two-thirds of relapses harbored subclonal mutations and only one-third harbored clonal mutations. Event-free survival after relapse was inferior in patients with relapses with clonal and subclonal NT5C2 mutations compared with those without (19% and 25% vs 53%, P < .001). However, subclonal, but not clonal, NT5C2 mutations were associated with reduced event-free survival in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.69; P = .001) and with an increased rate of nonresponse to relapse treatment (subclonal 32%, clonal 12%, wild type 9%, P < .001). Nevertheless, 27 (82%) of 33 subclonal NT5C2 mutations became undetectable at the time of nonresponse or second relapse, and in 10 (71%) of 14 patients subclonal NT5C2 mutations were undetectable already after relapse induction treatment. These results show that subclonal NT5C2 mutations define relapses associated with high risk of treatment failure in patients and at the same time emphasize that their role in outcome is complex and goes beyond mutant NT5C2 acting as a targetable driver during relapse progression. Sensitive, prospective identification of NT5C2 mutations is warranted to improve the understanding and treatment of this aggressive ALL relapse subtype.

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33

Минтаиров, С. А., В. М. Емельянов, Н. А. Калюжный, М. З. Шварц y В. М. Андреев. "Увеличение фототока Ga(In)As-субэлемента в многопереходных солнечных элементах GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge". Письма в журнал технической физики 45, n.º 24 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pjtf.2019.24.48802.17996.

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An experimental and theoretical study of the spectral characteristics of the Ga(In)As subcell of the GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple-junction solar cells has been carried out. It is shown that the use of a wide-gap “window” layer with an optimized thickness (Ga0.51In0.49P - 100 nm, Al0.4Ga0.6As - 110 nm, Al0.8Ga0.2As - 115 nm) for the Ga(In)As subcell allows increasing its photocurrent by about 0.5 mA/cm2, replacing the material of the back potential barrier of the GaInP subcell from Al0.53In0.47P to p+-Ga0.51In0.49P or AlGaAs allows increasing the short circuit current of Ga(In)As subcell by about 0.8 mA/cm2, and the use of the wide-bandgap Ga0.51In0.49P n++-layer in the tunnel diode instead of n++-GaAs increases the photocurrent by about 1 mA/cm2.

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34

Yuan, Jian-Yang y Daniel Nugent. "Subcool, Fluid Productivity, and Liquid Level Above a SAGD Producer". Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology 52, n.º 05 (1 de septiembre de 2013): 360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/157899-pa.

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35

Papaemmanuil, Elli, Moritz Gerstung, Luca Malcovati, Sudhir Tauro, Gunes Gundem, Peter Van Loo, Chris J. Yoon et al. "Clinical and biological implications of driver mutations in myelodysplastic syndromes". Blood 122, n.º 22 (21 de noviembre de 2013): 3616–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-08-518886.

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Key Points MDS is characterized by mutations in >40 genes, a complex structure of gene-gene interactions and extensive subclonal diversification. The total number of oncogenic mutations and early detection of subclonal mutations are significant prognostic variables in MDS.

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36

Dun, Karen A., Rob Vanhaeften, Tracey J. Batt, Louise A. Riley, Giuseppe Diano y Jan Williamson. "BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangement as a subclonal change in ETV6-RUNX1–positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia". Blood Advances 1, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2016): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2016000463.

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Key Points BCR-ABL1 rearrangement as a subclonal change in ETV6-RUNX1–positive B-ALL is a rare occurrence not previously reported. The prognosis of this rare subclonal change has not been determined, yet inclusion of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in treatment is ubiquitous.

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37

Maire, Pierre-Henri, Raphaël Loubère y Pavel Váchal. "Staggered Lagrangian Discretization Based on Cell-Centered Riemann Solver and Associated Hydrodynamics Scheme". Communications in Computational Physics 10, n.º 4 (octubre de 2011): 940–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.170310.251110a.

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AbstractThe aim of the present work is to develop a general formalism to derive staggered discretizations for Lagrangian hydrodynamics on two-dimensional unstructured grids. To this end, we make use of the compatible discretization that has been initially introduced by E. J. Caramana et al., in J. Comput. Phys., 146 (1998). Namely, momentum equation is discretized by means of subcell forces and specific internal energy equation is obtained using total energy conservation. The main contribution of this work lies in the fact that the subcell force is derived invoking Galilean invariance and thermodynamic consistency. That is, we deduce a general form of the sub-cell force so that a cell entropy inequality is satisfied. The subcell force writes as a pressure contribution plus a tensorial viscous contribution which is proportional to the difference between the nodal velocity and the cell-centered velocity. This cell-centered velocity is a supplementary degree of freedom that is solved by means of a cell-centered approximate Riemann solver. To satisfy the second law of thermodynamics, the local subcell tensor involved in the viscous part of the subcell force must be symmetric positive definite. This subcell tensor is the cornerstone of the scheme. One particular expression of this tensor is given. A high-order extension of this discretization is provided. Numerical tests are presented in order to assess the efficiency of this approach. The results obtained for various representative configurations of one and two-dimensional compressible fluid flows show the robustness and the accuracy of this scheme.

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38

Talman, Dolf y Yoshitsugu Yamamoto. "AVERAGE TREE SOLUTION AND SUBCORE FOR ACYCLIC GRAPH GAMES". Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan 51, n.º 3 (2008): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15807/jorsj.51.203.

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39

Zakharov, Victor V. y Arina N. Akimova. "Nucleolus as a Selector of Subcore". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, n.º 16 (julio de 2000): 675–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)39714-8.

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40

Monteagudo, Julie, Kimberly A. Ruscher, Elizabeth Margolis, Fabiola Balarezo y Christine M. Finck. "Congenital subcostal hernia with unusual contents". Journal of Pediatric Surgery 45, n.º 2 (febrero de 2010): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2009.12.008.

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41

Zorraquino González, Ángel, Ana I. Gutiérrez Ferreras, Mónica Elías Aldama, Maitane García Carrillo, Jesús M. Gómez Martínez, Miguel Ángel Taibo Asencor y José Luis Castrillo Villán. "Reparación anatómica de la eventración subcostal". Revista Hispanoamericana de Hernia 3, n.º 4 (octubre de 2015): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehah.2015.07.001.

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42

Arias, Pablo María, Manuel Roque Cervetti, Mónica Alejandra Pasarín, Paula Daniela Albornoz y Gonzalo Cacciavillani. "Neumoperitoneo preoperatorio en eventración subcostal gigante". Revista Hispanoamericana de Hernia 4, n.º 4 (octubre de 2016): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehah.2016.07.001.

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43

Chakraborty, Joy Narayan y Arup Deb. "Flank bulge following subcostal percutaneous nephrolithotomy". Research and Reports in Urology Volume 10 (noviembre de 2018): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rru.s173706.

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44

PROEBSTLE, T. M., V. SCHNEIDERS y J. KNOP. "Gravimetrically Controlled Efficacy of Subcorial Curettage". Dermatologic Surgery 28, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2002): 1022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042728-200211000-00010.

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45

Cooke, Charlie H. y Tze-Jang Chen. "Continuous front tracking with subcell resolution". Journal of Scientific Computing 6, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1991): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01062813.

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46

Puri, Prem. "Subcostal slide for diaphragmatic hernia repair". Journal of Pediatric Surgery 26, n.º 3 (marzo de 1991): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3468(91)90524-w.

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47

Kerr, Cassandra M., Michael J. Clemente, Peter W. Chomczynski, Bartlomiej Przychodzen, Yasunobu Nagata, Vera Adema, Valeria Visconte et al. "Subclonal STAT3 mutations solidify clonal dominance". Blood Advances 3, n.º 6 (21 de marzo de 2019): 917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018027862.

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Abstract T large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGLL) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disorder that can arise in the context of pathologic or physiologic cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses. STAT3 mutations are often absent in typical T-LGLL, suggesting that in a significant fraction of patients, antigen-driven expansion alone can maintain LGL clone persistence. We set out to determine the relationship between activating STAT3 hits and CTL clonal selection at presentation and in response to therapy. Thus, a group of patients with T-LGLL were serially subjected to deep next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) and STAT3 to recapitulate clonal hierarchy and dynamics. The results of this complex analysis demonstrate that STAT3 mutations produce either a sweeping or linear subclone within a monoclonal CTL population either early or during the course of disease. Therapy can extinguish a LGL clone, silence it, or adapt mechanisms to escape elimination. LGL clones can persist on elimination of STAT3 subclones, and alternate STAT3-negative CTL clones can replace therapy-sensitive CTL clones. LGL clones can evolve and are fueled by a nonextinguished antigenic drive. STAT3 mutations can accelerate this process or render CTL clones semiautonomous and not reliant on physiologic stimulation.

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48

Shu, G. W., J. Y. Lin, H. T. Jian, J. L. Shen, S. C. Wang, C. L. Chou, W. C. Chou, C. H. Wu, C. H. Chiu y H. C. Kuo. "Optical coupling from InGaAs subcell to InGaP subcell in InGaP/InGaAs/Ge multi-junction solar cells". Optics Express 21, S1 (10 de diciembre de 2012): A123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.00a123.

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49

UDDIN, KUTUB, TAKAHIKO MIYAZAKI, SHIGERU KOYAMA y BIDYUT BARAN SAHA. "PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF ADSORPTION–COMPRESSION HYBRID REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS". International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 21, n.º 04 (diciembre de 2013): 1350024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132513500247.

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An analytical investigation on the performance of adsorption–compression hybrid refrigeration systems with two different cycle configurations, cascade type and subcool type has been performed. In the former type, a cascade condenser is used which works as a condenser for mechanical compression cycle and evaporator for adsorption cycle. In the latter type, an evaporative subcooler is used which subcool the fluid of mechanical compression cycle. The refrigerants examined for the mechanical compression cycle are R134a, R152a, R1234yf and R1234ze whereas ethanol is the refrigerant for the adsorption cycle. The main feature of the proposed system is the capability to significantly reduce work input for the mechanical compressor which results up to 30% energy saving potential depending on the selection of refrigerant and system configuration. Based on the thermodynamic properties and laws the study analyzed the effect of the major design parameters such as evaporation temperature, compressor discharge pressure and desorption temperature on the system performances.

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50

Ren, Chenxia, Cuiling Wu, Niuniu Wang, Changhong Lian y Changqing Yang. "Clonal Architectures Predict Clinical Outcome in Gastric Adenocarcinoma Based on Genomic Variation, Tumor Evolution, and Heterogeneity". Cell Transplantation 30 (1 de enero de 2021): 096368972198960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963689721989606.

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Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a highly heterogeneous disease. Due to the lack of effective molecular markers and personalized treatment, the prognosis of gastric cancer patients is still very poor. The ABSOLUTE algorithm and cancer cell fraction were used to evaluate the clonal and subclonal status of 349 TCGA (The Cancer Genome Cancer Atlas)-STAD patients. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to identify the mutation characteristics of the samples. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between clonal/subclonal events and prognosis, and the Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the relationship of clonal/subclonal events to tumor mutation burden (TMB) and neoantigens. The evolution pattern of STAD demonstrated great tumor heterogeneity. TP53, USH2A, and GLI3 appeared earliest in STAD and may drive STAD. CTNNB1, LRP1B, and ERBB4 appeared the latest in STAD, and may be related to STAD’s progress. Univariate Cox regression analysis identified four early genes, eight intermediate genes, and seven late genes significantly associated with overall survival. The number of subclonal events in the T stage was significantly different. The N stage, gender, and histological type were significantly different for clonal events, and there was a significant correlation between clonal/subclonal events and TMB/neoantigens. Our results highlight the importance of systematic evaluation of evolutionary models in the clinical management of STAD and personalized gastric cancer treatment.

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