Bibliografías temáticas / Stumps

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Stumps"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 3 de febrero de 2022

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Stumps"

Bendz-Hellgren, Malin y Jan Stenlid. "Effects of clear-cutting, thinning, and wood moisture content on the susceptibility of Norway spruce stumps to Heterobasidion annosum". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1998): 759–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-043.

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The effects of clear-cutting and thinning as well as heartwood and sapwood moisture content on spore infection by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. were investigated in summer cuttings in southern and central Sweden. At five sites, 20-100 stumps in clear-cut, thinned, and precommercially thinned stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) were created and left for natural spore infection. An additional 20 stumps per stump type and site were artificially inoculated with conidiospores of H. annosum. The probability of natural infection was 0.73 and 0.53 for stumps in thinned and clear-cut stands, respectively. Almost all (95%) of the artificially inoculated stumps in thinned and clear-cut stands became colonized, and no differences due to stump type were found. The probability of infection of stumps in precommercially thinned stands was lower than for the other stump types of both naturally and artificially inoculated stumps. The proportion of colonized sapwood was reduced with increasing moisture content. Stump colonization seemed unaffected by temperature, even though stump temperatures exceeded 40°C for 2 h at one site.

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Gaitnieks, Tālis, Astra Zaļuma, Kristīne Kenigsvalde, Dārta Kļaviņa, Indulis Brauners y Tuula Piri. "Susceptibility of Small-Diameter Norway Spruce Understory Stumps to Heterobasidion Spore Infection". Forests 10, n.º 6 (22 de junio de 2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060521.

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Heterobasidion spp. cause economically important losses in conifer forests in the Northern Hemisphere, especially in Norway spruce stands. Freshly cut stumps are the main route for Heterobasidion spp. infection. Even small stumps of spruce seedlings are known to be susceptible to spore infection, however, very little is currently known about the susceptibility of small stumps of understory spruce to Heterobasidion spore infection. To determine the frequency of spore infections among stumps of understory trees, we analyzed 756 Norway spruce stumps in eight sample plots in eastern Latvia. Understory trees 35–68 years of age, with a stump diameter of 2–10 cm, were felled 33–48 weeks before sampling. In total, 514 (68%) of the spruce stumps were infected by Heterobasidion spores. The infection frequency among the plots varied from 56% to 86%. Both infection frequency and stump surface area occupied by Heterobasidion positively correlated with stump diameter, but neither correlated with the time span elapsed between felling and sampling. Colonization of trees by a competitor fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jülich, was observed in 30 (4%) of investigated stumps, but did not have any effect on the frequency of Heterobasidion infections. Our data show that Norway spruce stumps can be highly susceptible to Heterobasidion spore infection. In order to control airborne Heterobasidion infections, stump treatment should be considered during the sporulation period of Heterobasidion spp.

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Lewis, Katherine J. y Everett M. Hansen. "Survival of Inonotustomentosus in stumps and subsequent infection of young stands in north central British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1991): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x91-144.

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Distribution of tomentosus root disease in spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and P. glauca × engelmannii Engelm.) and pine (Pinusconforta var. latifolia Engelm.) stumps in 1- to 30-year-old harvest units, survival of Inonotustomentosus (FR) Teng in stumps, and infection of regeneration trees were examined by transect surveys and root excavations. The number of diseased stumps ranged from 8 to 71 per hectare (2.1–27.5%); these were in patches, commonly two to three stumps each. Viable mycelium was found in 80 and 53% of the 30-year-old spruce and pine stumps, respectively. Distal growth by I. tomentosus in roots ceased shortly after harvest. Narrow decay and stain columns were observed in 1- and 2-year-old spruce stumps. In older stumps, the fungus had colonized the sapwood and bark. In pine, colonization of the bark and cambium was common at all stump ages. Spruce stumps, with longer, horizontally oriented roots and a greater percentage of colonized roots, caused more infections of regeneration than pine stumps (14 and 5%, respectively, of the five regeneration trees closest to each stump). Regeneration trees had a 25% chance of infection if planted within 2 m of decayed spruce stumps and 0.5 m of decayed pine stumps. The probability of infection decreased to 10% at 3.75 and 2.75 m from spruce and pine stumps, respectively. Both spruce and pine regeneration were infected, often at points of disruption in the bark, such as a feeder root or root branch.

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Rijks, Meta H., Erik-Jan Malta y Roderick J. Zagt. "Regeneration through sprout formation in Chlorocardium rodiei (Lauraceae) in Guyana". Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, n.º 4 (julio de 1998): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000340.

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The contribution of sprouts to the long-term survival of Chlorocardium rodiei, following logging was investigated. Differently aged sprout populations on cut stumps were surveyed to determine the numbers of sprouts produced, probability of survival and growth rates. Fifty-five to 70% of the stumps produced sprouts. The proportion of stumps that sprouted was lower for the hollow stumps than for the intact ones and the number of sprouts produced per stump was reduced. No significant correlation was found between stump diameter and the number of sprouts. Some sprouts survived for at least 15 y (usually one per stump), and these had a significantly larger average diameter relative to the sprouts at younger sites. The number of sprouts and the diameter of the largest sprout showed a significant positive correlation, suggesting that the maintenance of the inherited stump root system is shared among the sprouts so that the costs per sprout are reduced. We conclude that sprouting on cut stumps may have the potential to contribute to the maintenance of C. rodiei in the canopy at logged sites.

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Vartiamäki, Henna, Jarkko Hantula y Antti Uotila. "Effect of application time on the efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum treatment against the sprouting of birch in Finland". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39, n.º 4 (abril de 2009): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x09-009.

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To test the effect of application time on the efficacy of a biological control agent to prevent sprouting of cut stumps, birches ( Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) were cut and stumps treated with a decay fungus ( Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers. ex Fr.) Pouzar) at different times during one growing season. Applications were conducted at 2 week intervals. The presence of fruiting bodies was examined three times during the 2 years following treatment. Sprouting was measured twice. Fructification was most abundant 1 year after the treatment, and the frequency of stumps with fruiting bodies was highest when the stumps were treated between May and July. Treatment reduced the percentage of living stumps compared with controls, except if conducted in late autumn. The reduction was the highest on stumps treated in the middle of July; 2 years after the treatment, only 12.5% of treated stumps were resprouting compared with 74% of control stumps. Also, the number of living sprouts per stump decreased by the treatment, except if conducted in late autumn. Although the number of living sprouts per stump decreased owing to C. purpureum treatment, it had no effect on the maximum height of the sprouts.

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Zou, Yang, Xiaoping Li y Guo Yang. "Sprout Regeneration of Shrub Willows after Cutting". Plants 9, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121684.

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Shrub willow (Salix L. spp.) is a promising bioenergy resource crop due to its high growth rates and superb regenerative ability. Sprouting capacity is influenced by many factors, such as parent tree species and size, which are important limiting factors for stump survival or sprout growth. In this study, we aimed to quantify the survival and regeneration performance of sprouts (including sprout height, sprout diameter, sprout number, leaf morphological traits, leaf chlorophyll content, and ground part dry biomass) from the stumps of two Salix species from three diameter classes (10–15, 16–19, and 20–30 mm). An attempt was made to explore why the stump size affects the regeneration of willows by analyzing the carbon and nitrogen proportion of stumps. Stump survival did not differ between the two Salix species. However, the sprout regeneration of S. triandra was much better than that of S. suchowensis. An increase in stump diameter caused increases in the number of sprouts produced per stump, the mean height and basal diameter of sprouts per stump, the leaf chlorophyll content, and the biomass of sprouts per stump. By contrast, stump diameter did not significantly affect stump survival. The results indicate that the larger stumps store more carbon and nitrogen than small-sized stumps, which may be one of the reasons why the larger willow stumps have a stronger resprouting ability. This study provides essential information regarding the sprout regeneration of short-rotation coppice willow plantations after harvest.

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Pohjolainen, T. "A clinical evaluation of stumps in lower limb amputees". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 15, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1991): 178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649109164285.

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A study was carried out on 93 consecutive unilateral below-knee (BK) and 62 above-knee (AK) amputees. The dimensions of the amputation stumps were measured and the general condition and contralateral limb assessed at the time of prosthetic fitting. After one postoperative year, follow-up information for 124 (89%) of the surviving patients was obtained by personal contact. The observations were based on the standard formula for stump classification constructed by the International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics. The 93 BK stumps had a mean length of 16.0 cm and the 62 AK stumps a mean length of 28.0 cm. The scar on the stump was adherent in 13% of BK and 2% of AK stumps. The scar was deeply wrinkled in 7% of BK stumps and 10% of AK stumps. The scar on the stump was most frequently adherent or deeply wrinkled in trauma patients (33%). The skin was undamaged in 93% of all the patients at the first visit and in 94% at the time of follow-up. The mobility of the stump in the proximal joint was limited at the time of prosthetic fitting in 15% of cases. Phantom pain was reported by 59% and stump pain by 5% of patients at this time. Although the phantom pain was mild in most cases, it was usually still present after one year, and 53% of the surviving patients suffered from phantom pain. At the first visit, 20% of patients had problems in their contralateral leg. During the first postoperative year, 6 contralateral BK amputations were performed in the BK group and one contralateral AK amputation in the AK group. Thus, along with examination of the stump, attention must be paid to the contralateral limb with a view to preserving it. The study supports the usefulness of the standard form and classification of amputation stumps.

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Mujuri, Elijah y Michael C. Demchik. "Northern Pin Oak Stump Sprouting Frequency on Scrub Oak Sites of Central Wisconsin". Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 26, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2009): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/26.2.83.

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Abstract Stump sprouts are an important component of the regeneration for northern pin oak on scrub oak sites in Central Wisconsin, but there exists little quantitative information about their actual contribution. This study examines the occurrence of sprouting from northern pin oak stumps remaining after overstory removal in four stands in Central Wisconsin. On average, 85% of all stumps sprouted. Sprouting frequency diminished significantly (P < 0.0001) as stump diameter increased, but even the largest stumps sprouted at rates of 71% or better. With stump sprouting rates this high, coppice regeneration could fill much of the regeneration need for similar scrub oak sites.

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Zaluma, Astra, Patrick Sherwood, Lauma Bruna, Uvis Skola, Talis Gaitnieks y Jonas Rönnberg. "Control of Heterobasidion in Norway Spruce Stands: The Impact of Stump Cover on Efficacy of Urea and Phlebiopsis gigantea and Implications for Forest Management". Forests 12, n.º 6 (26 de mayo de 2021): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060679.

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This study investigated the efficacy of Rotstop®, a native Latvian Phlebiopsis gigantea strain and 35% urea solution in combination with a stump cover treatment to control against natural spore infection by Heterobasidion spp. upon precommercial thinning of Norway spruce in three stands growing on former agricultural lands. The major findings were that (i) infection rates of Heterobasidion spp. on stumps treated with the native P. gigantea strain, Rotstop® or urea are similar when stumps are uncovered, and (ii) stump cover promotes stump colonization by the Latvian P. gigantea strain and Rotstop®, leading to a significantly smaller relative area colonized by Heterobasidion spp., as well greater efficiency against Heterobasidion in comparison with urea. Covering of stumps appears beneficial for controlling Heterobasidion stump colonization and may be valuable to forest owners if used in small-scale operations, but it is impractical in automatized thinnings, where managers should consider using regular Rotstop® without covering the stumps.

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Petrice, Toby R. y Robert A. Haack. "Effects of Cutting Time, Stump Height, and Herbicide Application on Ash (Fraxinus Spp.) Stump Sprouting and Colonization by Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis)". Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2011): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/28.2.79.

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Abstract Efforts to eradicate or slow the spread of emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire [Coleoptera: Buprestidae]) include cutting infested and nearby uninfested ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees. However, ash trees readily sprout after they have been cut, providing potential host material for EAB. In 2004–2005, we conducted studies to determine how different cutting times (midspring, late spring, and late summer), different cutting heights (0–5, 10–15, and 20–25 cm above the ground), and triclopyr (44% active ingredient) stump treatment of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) trees affected subsequent stump sprouting and colonization by EAB. We also cut white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) and black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh.) trees 20–25 cm above the ground in late spring. Some stumps of each ash species tested sprouted and were colonized by EAB. All green ash stumps treated with triclopyr died and were not colonized by EAB. Stump sprouting was significantly lower for stumps cut in late spring compared with stumps cut in midspring or late summer. Stump sprouting did not vary significantly among cutting heights. None of the green ash stumps cut in midspring or cut 0–5 cm above the ground were colonized by EAB; however, the frequency of stump colonization by EAB did not vary significantly among cutting times or cutting heights.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Stumps"

Woods, Caroline M. "The fungal ecology of Sitka spruce stumps". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU083296.

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A study of the fungal ecology of Picea sitchensis stumps on mineral soils on first rotation sites in Scotland was carried out to determine fungal colonization, succession and the mechanisms of fungal interaction. Fungal and bacterial colonization of stump and buttress roots of stumps 0, 7, 28 days, 12, 16 and 48/53 months old was assessed. Melanotus proteus was found in all 12 month old stumps; Sistotrema brinkmanni was recorded most frequently in 16 and 48/53 month old stumps. A series of in vitro experiments was carried out to identify interactions occurring between pairs of P. sitchensis fungi on Norkrans agar, P. sitchensis sawdust, root blocks and billets, to determine possible modes of interaction occurring in vivo. Fungi exhibiting antagonism toward Heterobasidion annosum in vitro were noted to determine possible in vivo applications as curative/preventative biological controls against H. annosum. Sitka spruce stumps were highly receptive to H. annosum basidiospore infection up to 24 hours after felling and showed a significant level of receptivity 7 days after felling. M. proteus infection was lower in live stumps, compared to dead or moribund stumps, and was reduced or inhibited in stumps inoculated with Resinicium bicolor sawdust inoculum. In vitro experiments indicated that 5% urea prevented M. proteus basidiospore germination and hyphal growth. Treating stumps or billets with a 20% urea solution, however, had no significant effect on M. proteus colonization. Antifungal metabolites were detectable in 85% of the 25 fungal species tested representing members of the Basidiomycotina, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina, when bioassayed with Cladosporium cucumerinum. The production of antifungal metabolites in Sitka spruce stumps by H. annosum, R. bicolor, Stereum sanguinolentum, M. proteus and Hypholoma fasciculare was demonstrated.

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Murray, Alison Catherine. "The bacterial ecology of Sitka spruce stumps". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU106025.

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The distribution of bacteria in Sitka spruce stumps between one and ten years old was investigated by dilution plating wood chips taken from seven sampling positions up to 55 mm from the stump surface. The same wood chips were used to determine the presence Basidiomycotina within the stump wood. The number of bacterial colony forming units in the wood samples decreased in stumps between one and five years old, reaching a minimum after six years, before increasing in stumps up to ten years old. There was also a decline in numbers of bacteria isolated with increasing distance from the stump surface and the stump edge. A similar trend was detected in the diversity of the bacterial community. The size of the bacterial population was also correlated with stump moisture content. The presence of Basidiomycotina was associated with the presence of bacteria within the sample. However, the number of bacteria isolated from samples containing Basidiomycotina did not differ from that where no Basidiomycotina were isolated. Interactions between wood-decay fungi, including Heterobasidion annosum, and bacterial isolates were studied in vitro. The growth medium, timing of inoculations, and bacterial and fungal species tested were fund to significantly affect the outcome of the interaction. Bacterial isolates degraded cellulose, pectin and starch, cellulolytic ability increased with increasing stump age. Siderophores and chitinase, potential antifungal compounds, were produced by 29% and 2% of isolates respectively, however, these isolates had no effect on the distribution of Basidiomycotina in the stumps. Four groups of bacteria were identified from cluster analysis of 13 phenotypic characteristics. Different groups of bacteria were found to dominate bacteria isolated from stumps of different ages indicating that bacterial successions occur in decaying Sitka spruce stumps.

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Casselli, Vinicius. "Remoção de tocos de eucalipto com sistema de serra tubular". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-21012013-092719/.

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Os tocos, remanescentes da colheita florestal, causam um impedimento físico às operações com máquinas para o preparo do solo para um próximo plantio, ou mesmo quando a área onde estava sendo cultivado o eucalipto vai ser usada para o plantio de uma nova cultura ou estabelecer pastagem para pecuária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar e avaliar o desempenho de uma serra tubular para a extração de tocos de eucalipto remanescentes da colheita. Este implemento, montado em uma grua hidráulica acoplada a um trator agrícola, é constituído de um tubo metálico com borda serrilhada, com diâmetro de 65 cm e altura interna de 70 cm, realizando o corte do sistema radicular e a extração apenas do toco e raízes próximas. O processo de extração com serra tubular foi comparado à extração de tocos com uma escavadora hidráulica equipada com destocador. Para a comparação entre o desempenho da serra tubular com a escavadora, foram realizadas extrações em quatro parcelas, com 108 tocos cada, sendo duas parcelas para cada sistema. Foram mensurados o tempo de extração para cada toco e o tempo de deslocamento das máquinas em cada parcela. O processo de extração pela serra tubular causou menos alterações na estrutura do solo, nas linhas e nas entrelinhas de plantio, se comparado ao uso da escavadora, porém o tempo de extração da serra foi superior em mais de 8 vezes ao tempo da escavadora. Foram realizadas extrações de tocos com DAB (diâmetros a altura da base) variando entre 12 e 31 cm, sendo que o tempo de extração não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os diferentes diâmetros para ambos os tratamentos. A serra tubular apresentou pouca mobilidade e pouca área de atuação em cada parada, contrariando as expectativas do projeto inicial. As análises econômicas mostraram custo operacional superior para a escavadora hidráulica, porém com maior produtividade comparado à serra tubular, resultando em menor custo de extração por unidade de toco.
The stumps, remained from forest harvesting, cause a physical impediment to operations with machinery for soil preparation to the next plantation, or even when the area that had eucalyptus plantation will be used to plant a new crop or establish pasture for livestock. This paper aim to study and evaluate the performance of a tubular saw for the extraction of Eucalyptus stumps remaining after the harvesting. This accessory mounted on a hydraulic crane, attached to a farm tractor, consists of a metal tube with a serrated edge, with a diameter of 65 cm. and internal height of 70 cm., making the cut root and extract only the stump and close roots. The extraction process with tubular saw was compared with an excavator equipped with a stump remover. The extractions were performed in two plots and two parcels with 108 stumps on each for both systems. It was measured the extraction time for each stump and moving time during the extractions. The extraction process by tubular saw caused less soil disturbance on its structure on planting lines and between the planting lines, compared with the excavator use, but the extraction time with the tubular saw was more than five times compared to the excavators extraction. The extractions were performed on stumps with different DAB (diameter at base height), ranging between 12 to 31 cm, and the extraction time showed no significant differences between the different diameters for both treatments. The tubular saw had little mobility and low operating area at each stop, contrary to the expectations of the initial Project. Economic analyzes showed higher operational cost for the hydraulic excavator, but higher productivity compared to tubular saw on a farm tractor, resulting in lower extraction cost per stump.

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Xu, Yansong W. "A hierarchical diagnostic system for STUMPS-based BIST structures". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0013/MQ60197.pdf.

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You, Sijun. "Long-term fate of non-neuronal cells in denervated nerve stumps". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq22046.pdf.

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Abrahamsson, Markus. "High-stumps and wood living beetles in the Swedish production forest landscape /". Alnarp : Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007126.pdf.

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Rizk, Charbel. "Ondskans Problem : En granskning av Richard Swinburnes teodicé i ljuset av Eleonore Stumps tankegångar". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-6199.

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Ondskans problem är ett gammalt (religions)filosofiskt problem som, i grova drag, frågar om existensen av en allsmäktig, allvetande och allgod Gud är förenlig med ondskan i världen, samt varför en sådan Gud tillåter ondska. Filosofer (som svarar jakande på frågan om) har utvecklat ett svar på frågan varför Gud tillåter ondska. Syftet med denna uppsats är följaktligen att redogöra för Richard Swinburnes svar på frågan varför Gud tillåter ondska, samt granska svaret i ljuset av Eleonore Stumps tankegångar.

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Rönnberg, Jonas. "Incidence of root and butt rot in consecutive rotations, with emphasis on Heterobasidion annosum in Norway spruce /". Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5630-4.pdf.

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Caruso, Alexandro. "Lichen diversity on stems, slash, and stumps in managed boreal forests : impact of whole-tree harvest /". Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001675/.

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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008.
Includes reprints of four papers and manuscripts co-authored with others. Includes bibliographical references. Also partially available electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks reprints of four papers and manuscripts.

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Lopes, Cátia Sofia dos Santos. "Avaliação das características dos cepos e raízes de Eucalypto como matéria-prima papeleira". Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5361.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
In this study we used stumps and roots of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., from six places, to evaluated its quality as raw-material for papermaking, using two chemical processes: Kraft and ASAM. It was also evaluated the introduction of two pre-treatments: a) extraction with ethanol and water, b) water to promote auto-hydrolysis. It was determined yields of the pulps were the material without pre-treatment presented 42.7% (Kraft) and 49.3% (ASAM); extracted wood 47.5% (Kraft) and 51.7% (ASAM); auto-hydrolyzed material 38.4% (Kraft) and 42.5% (ASAM). It also determined the Kappa number, the degree of polymerization and brightness. Pulps without pre-treatment presented values of (ASAM and Kraft, respectively): 14 K and 36 K, 941 DP0,85 and 929 DP0,85; 25.9% and 23.6% of brightness. For pulps obtained with extracted wood: 11 K and 18 K; 845 DP0,85 and 1004 DP0,85; 30.8% and 35.8% of brightness. For pulps from auto-hydrolyzed materials: 14 K and 20 K; 552 DP0,85 and 574 DP0,85; 27.1% and 28.7% of brightness. There has also been done biometric studies and was obtained the following average results: average length 0.9 mm, a fiber width of 21.4 μm and lumen widths of 9.0 μm. It was determined the index evaluation of paper, based on biometric parameters: number of Runkel (1.4), felting coefficient (43.7) and soupless coefficient (42.5%).

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Libros sobre el tema "Stumps"

Stumps. Edinburgh: Barrington Stoke, 2009.

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Medoff, Mark Howard. Stumps. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1995.

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Stumps. Kuala Lumpur: Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia, 2010.

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William, Rose. Stumps: Short stories. [United States?]: Possum Publications, 2000.

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Jim, Maxwell. Stumps: The way I see it. South Yarra, Vic: Hardie Grant Books, 2001.

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Howard, Stott W. Chemical control for woody plants, stumps and trees. Pullman, Wash: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1995.

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Howard, Stott W. Chemical control for woody plants, stumps and trees. Pullman, Wash: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1995.

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Howard, Stott W. Chemical control for woody plants, stumps and trees. Pullman: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1991.

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Smith, Donald B. Cricket-stumps and sticklebacks: A childhood on Teesside. Penistone: Bridge, 1989.

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Don, Smith. Cricket-stumps and sticklebacks: A childhood on Teesside. Penistone: Bridge, 1989.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Stumps"

Butler, Richard. "Stumps". En Tourism and Cricket, editado por Tom Baum y Richard Butler, 179–81. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845414542-017.

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Oliver, Jonathan J. y David Hand. "Averaging over decision stumps". En Machine Learning: ECML-94, 231–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57868-4_61.

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Miles, Harold. "Blowin’ Stumps and Stealin’ Turnips". En The Devil & Uncle Will, 36–44. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6885-4_5.

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Kotsiantis, S. B., G. E. Tsekouras y P. E. Pintelas. "Local Bagging of Decision Stumps". En Innovations in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 406–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11504894_57.

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Kotsiantis, Sotiris B., Dimitris Kanellopoulos y Panayiotis E. Pintelas. "Local Additive Regression of Decision Stumps". En Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 148–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11752912_17.

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Mohr, Felix, Marcel Wever y Eyke Hüllermeier. "Reduction Stumps for Multi-class Classification". En Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis XVII, 225–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01768-2_19.

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Martínez-Muñoz, Gonzalo, Daniel Hernández-Lobato y Alberto Suárez. "Selection of Decision Stumps in Bagging Ensembles". En Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 319–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74690-4_33.

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Stone, Marjorie. "Fighting on Her Stumps: The Woman, the Poet, the Myths". En Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 1–48. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23803-3_1.

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Wu, C. L., C. C. Lin, K. J. Wang y C. H. Chang. "Investigating the Biomechanical Characteristics of Transtibal Stumps with Diabetes Mellitus". En IFMBE Proceedings, 2056–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92841-6_512.

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Faisal, Zaman Md, Sumi S. Monira y Hideo Hirose. "DF-ReaL2Boost: A Hybrid Decision Forest with Real L2Boosted Decision Stumps". En Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 47–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28807-4_8.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Stumps"

Kiran, N. Ravi y Siva Yellampalli. "Low hardware cost STUMPS BIST". En 2014 International Conference on Circuits, Communication, Control and Computing (I4C). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cimca.2014.7057764.

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Nayana M, Siva Yellampalli y G. Harish. "Modified low power STUMPS architecture". En 2014 International Conference on Electronics,Communication and Computational Engineering (ICECCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecce.2014.7086631.

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Kiran, N. Ravi, G. Harish, A. Karthik y Siva Yellampalli. "Low power and hardware cost STUMPS BIST". En 2015 19th International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test (VDAT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isvdat.2015.7208125.

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Oz, Mehmet C., Matthew R. Williams, Richard D. Moscarelli, Murat Kaynar, Christian I. Fras, Steven K. Libutti, Hillary Smith, Adrianne J. Setton, Michael R. Treat y Roman Nowygrod. "Laser-assisted solder closure of bronchial stumps". En OE/LASE '92, editado por R. R. Anderson. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.137341.

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Kotsiantis, S. B. y P. E. Pintelas. "Local rotation forest of decision stumps for regression problems". En 2009 2nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsit.2009.5234453.

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Su, Dan, Pascale Fung y Nicolas Auguin. "Multimodal music emotion classification using AdaBoost with decision stumps". En ICASSP 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2013.6638298.

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Kotsiantis, S. B. "Local Random Subspace Method for Constructing Multiple Decision Stumps". En 2009 International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering, ICIFE. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icife.2009.22.

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Tan, Yandan, Guangcai Zhao, Houde Dai, Zhirong Lin y Guoen Cai. "Classification of Parkinsonian Rigidity Using AdaBoost with Decision Stumps". En 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robio.2018.8665303.

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Tassarotti, Joseph, Koundinya Vajjha, Anindya Banerjee y Jean-Baptiste Tristan. "A formal proof of PAC learnability for decision stumps". En CPP '21: 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3437992.3439917.

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Venkataraju, Kannan Umadevi, Antonio R. C. Paiva, Elizabeth Jurrus y Tolga Tasdizen. "Automatic markup of neural cell membranes using boosted decision stumps". En 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro (ISBI). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2009.5193233.

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Informes sobre el tema "Stumps"

Filip, Gregory M., Catherine A. Parks, Kenneth W. Seidel y Frances F. Lombard. Incidence of decay fungi in stumps of two thinned western larch stands in northeastern Oregon. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rn-468.

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Miller, Richard E., Timothy B. Harrington, Walter G. Thies y Jeff Madsen. Laminated root rot in a western Washington plantation: 8-year mortality and growth of Douglas-fir as related to infected stumps, tree density, and fertilization. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-569.

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Minore, Don y Howard G. Weatherly. Stump sprouting of Pacific yew. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-378.

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Kochenderfer, Jeffrey D. y James N. Kochenderfer. Effects of herbicide concentration and application timing on the control of beech root and stump sprouts using the cut-stump treatment. Newtown Square, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/nrs-gtr-48.

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Sarles, Raymond L., William G. Luppold y William G. Luppold. Technoeconomic analysis of conventional logging systems operating from stump to landing. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-577.

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Yaussy, Daniel A. y Robert L. Brisbin. User's guide to STUMP: a system of timber utilization and mill processing. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-gtr-138.

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LeDoux, Chris B. y Chris B. LeDoux. Stump-to-mill timber production cost equations for cable logging eastern hardwoods. Broomall, PA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experimental Station, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rp-566.

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BARR ENGINEERING CO BLOOMINGTON MN. Design and Cost Estimates for a Connecting Channel between East Devils Lake and West Stump Lake, Devils Lake Basin, North Dakota. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada205638.

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