Tesis sobre el tema "Strips"
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1
Minks, Marlin. "Strips /". Online version of thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10111.
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Bloom, Michael. "The bawdy politic : strips of culture and the culture of strip". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75963.
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This work develops a new approach to female strip dancing as cultural practice by using methods of cultural history, ethnographic field work and theoretical critique in order to reconstruct the historical setting in which strip dancing emerged, the varied sites where it continues to evolve, and the diverse interpretations of strip by its different practitioners.Toward this end, the dissertation is divided into five major sections which link such forms of body movement and display to wider socio-historical movements of theory and practice; sexuality; commerce; pleasure and power; and culture.
It is then concluded that such small-scale or "stripped-down" studies following this model may advance critical understanding of human bodies and subjects in cultural theory and practice, by situating non-mechanistic notions of communication, culture and dance within detailed investigations that emphasize the complexity and specificity of the practice of everyday life.
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Ibrahim, Wael [Verfasser]. "Stress redistribution in steel reinforced concrete members strengthened with CFRP strips / Wael Ibrahim". Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/101856098X/34.
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Ramos, Romero Jose Francisco. "LODStrips:Continuous Level of Detail using Triangle Strips". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10480.
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In recent years, multiresolution models have progressed substantially. At the beginning, discrete models were employed in graphics applications, due mainly to the low degree of complexity involved in implementing them, which is the reason why nowadays they are still used in applications without high graphics requirements. Nevertheless, the increase in realism in graphics applications makes it necessary to use multiresolution models which are more exact in their approximations, which do not call for high storage costs and which are faster in visualization. This has given way to continuous models, where two consecutive levels of detail only differ by a few polygons and where, additionally, the duplication of information is avoided to a considerable extent, thus improving on the spatial cost offered by most discrete models.Advances have been made in the use of new graphics primitives which minimize the data transfer between the CPU and the GPU, apart from trying to make use of the connectivity information given by a polygonal mesh. For this purpose, graphics primitives with implicit connectivity, such as triangle strips and triangle fans, have been developed. Many continuous models based on this type of primitives have been recently developed. In these last few years, graphics hardware performance has evolved outstandingly, giving rise to new techniques which allow the continuous models to accelerate even more.
In this work, we have improved the interactive render of polygonal meshes. To tackle the problem, we firstly studied fundamental techniques to efficiently render polygonal meshes and we later made use of geometry simplification and level of detail techniques. Thus, we defined a multiresolution model that represents a polygonal mesh at any given resolution. This approach is able to manage continuous level-of-detail by smoothly adapting mesh resolution to the application requirements. Moreover, the model was modified to take the maximum advantage of the recent GPU features. We also created a modified version of the model for being used in deforming meshes. Finally, we developed an independent library to integrate our model in real-time applications.
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Jenke, Peter. "Creating triangle strips from clustered point sets". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7686.
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To create a digital model of the surface of some object from a setof points, representing positions on the surface of this object, requiresinformation about the relationship between the points. This informa-tion is not immediatly accessible. Thus, for creating such a model itis necessary to establish relationsships between the points of the set.In addition, it should be possible to render the resulting modelas efficiently as possible. Modern graphics cards offer to send vertexinformations as triangle strips; by using triangle strips the informationabout the triangles can be compressed.This work is about a method for retrieving information about therelations between points in an unstructered spatial point set and trans-forming this information into triangle strips. It is based on the convexlayers of a planar point set and an algorithm for triangulating theannuli of the convex layers, which uses the Rotating Calipers.
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Liu, Hao. "Scattering from periodic array of parallel strips". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59228.pdf.
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Lwadya, Mujanay. "The drying characteristics of mango fruit strips". Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07092008-145646/.
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Jaffar, Mohammad Jawad. "Elastic strips in dry and lubricated contacts". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237097.
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Walker, Martin. "Flexural mechanics of creased thin metallic strips". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276917.
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The introduction of creases into thin sheets has a dramatic effect on their global mechanical properties. This can be observed by manipulating a crumpled piece of paper which has been unfolded; it no longer deforms in the same way as the original sheet. Creases have typically been modelled as singular hinge lines, often accompanied by a torsional spring to provide some opening resistance; however, the appropriate stiffness of these springs is unclear. In reality, creases have a discrete geometry based on the method they were formed. This dissertation investigates the flexural behaviour of a creased thin metallic strip and the influence of the crease geometry. When a strip is bent perpendicular to the crease, putting the crease region in tension and the strip edges in compression, initially torsional deformations occur which ultimately coalesce into a central localised flattened region. An analytical model of this flexural behaviour is developed, which idealises the crease as an initially circular segment. Predictions show the bending resistance increases as the crease decreases in size. The model predictions are compared to finite element analysis and experimental results showing excellent agreement. When a strip is bent in the opposite direction, with the crease region in compression and the strip edges in tension, a bistable snap-through occurs. The deformed shape is characterised by a sharp vertex on the crease line. An analytical model is developed by generalising a Gauss mapping approach, and used to predict the deformed shape. These predictions match experimental results well. This dissertation provides an understanding of the mechanics of creased thin strips, where the crease is given a discrete geometry, and explores the nature of localisation. It also provides the foundation to explore the mechanics of thin sheets featuring a network of creases. This offers the opportunity to improve the efficiency of thin shell structures by using creasing to optimise the mechanics, leading to reduced material use, more sustainable construction, and fuel savings from lighter vehicles.
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Stockan, Jennifer A. "Impacts of riparian buffer strips on biodiversity". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211222.
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Buffer strips alongside watercourses are now a widely accepted method of reducing nutrient and sediment run-off from agricultural land thereby improving water quality and meeting policy goals. However, this change in land use may have consequences for riparian biodiversity which have yet to be fully understood. This study investigated the impact of buffering on various aspects of biodiversity by comparing three types of margins in three river catchments in north east Scotland. Margins were categorised as unbuffered (open and unfenced), buffered (fenced-off vegetated) and wooded (long established woody vegetation - fenced and unfenced). Components of biodiversity studied included vegetation patterns, and the abundance, diversity, movement and assemblage composition of ground-dwelling arthropods focussing primarily, though not exclusively, on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). This study further considered management options which may improve or enhance biodiversity. Evidenced changes in vegetation were associated with soil parameters (including decreasing pH), channel morphology, decreasing light availability and tree canopy cover, and bryophyte abundance along a successional gradient from unbuffered-buffered-wooded sites. Buffered and wooded sites showed lower activity density and species richness of ground beetles, but while one measure of functional diversity was high for wooded sites, buffered sites were found to have significantly lower values. Both species and trait assemblage structure of ground beetles were influenced by soil and vegetation, but also by features of buffer strip design such as width, length and age. Active management of sites through grazing or cutting increased ground beetle abundance, particularly hygrophilous species, but did not affect diversity. Radiotracking showed increased movement of ground beetles was correlated with intensity of grazing. Few truly riparian plant or arthropod species were identified indicating the process of buffering essentially 'terrestrialises' the riparian margins. The presence of a tree canopy layer appears to be the key instigator of change in soil conditions with vegetation and arthropods responding accordingly. Therefore planting and maintaining trees in buffer strips could be crucial to ensuring that functional diversity and associated ecosystem services are maintained. Active management through grazing or cutting could help in this regard. The results from this study suggest that rather than buffering all riparian margins within catchments, it is fundamentally important for biodiversity to maintain a mosaic of different successional stages and a diversity of habitats.
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Phway, Thant Phyu Phyu. "Magnetostrictively induced mechanical resonance of electrical steel strips". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54695/.
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Extensive research has been carried out over the years to reduce the acoustic noise resulting from vibration of electromagnetic cores mainly caused by magnetostriction. This project presents the results of a basic experimental study of magnetostriction in strips of magnetic materials commonly used in electromagnetic cores which gives an important new understanding of the phenomenon. The presence of mechanical resonance in the laminations is highlighted here for the first time. A standard magnetising system was built and a new method of measuring magnetostriction was used. A single point laser vibrometer was used to measure magnetostrictive vibration of the samples. The magnetostriction of grain-oriented materials cut at various angles to the rolling direction, non-oriented samples with different silicon content and nickel iron strips was measured over a wide range of magnetising frequencies and at peak flux densities up to 1.O Tesla. Magnetostriction measurement results were used to identify magnetisation induced mechanical resonance of the samples. The magnetising frequency at resonance was derived from the relationship of velocity, frequency and wavelength of an electromagnetically excited strip. Theoretical value of the fundamental resonant frequency and its harmonics were calculated and compared with measured values. The variation of the acoustic noise in a three- phase transformer core under no-load condition with various switching frequencies and different modulation indices was measured under pulse-width modulation and sinusoidal voltage excitation. All measurements were repeated at least five times to assess experimental accuracy and uncertainties. Results suggest that under resonance, transformer cores can produce excessive noise and potentially long term deterioration of lamination coating and possible core failure. Extrapolation of the results to larger cores infer that the phenomenon can possibly occur in cores with different length laminations leading to variability of noise output according to how close the magnetising frequency or predominant harmonics are to the resonant frequency. These findings demonstrate the importance of the interaction between basic magnetostriction and geometrical factors that are contributing towards the total noise output and care that must be taken when characterising the basic magnetostriction of samples of different sizes magnetised at different frequencies.
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Muir, John P. "Experimental results for inductive strips in inhomogeneous finline". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26535.
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Karaminas, Georgios. "Circuit models for inductive strips in fin-line". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26912.
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Oppenheimer, Or. "Comparing the deflection of different colored glass strips". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119944.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 18).
Glass is a material that has been used for both practical and artistic purposes starting as early as the 1st century BC, and the stiffness of the glass affects how easy the glass is to work with. A three-point bending test was performed at 582°C (1080°F) for strips of transparent red, clear, black, transparent blue, and white glass. The deflection of the center point of each strip of glass was measured as the temperature was held constant. A proportional relationship of deflection with time was found for the red and white glass and the deflection of the clear, black, and blue glass was characterized by a parabolic relation. It was found that the red glass is the least stiff, followed by black, blue and clear, which have no statistically significant difference in stiffness, and finally the white glass was found to be the most stiff. These were contrary to the glass workers expectations, which was that black would be the least stiff. This will help glass workers know which colors will act similarly, and what to expect of different colors of glass.
by Or Oppenheimer.
S.B.
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Mendez-Delgado, Aida. "Nitrogen transport and dynamics in grass filter strips". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39047.
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Lee, Dowon. "Simulation of phosphorus transport in vegetative filter strips". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77815.
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This study investigated the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in removing phosphorus from surface runoff. Dissolved and particulate nutrients were treated separately due to differing transport and removal mechanisms. Nutrient transport in VFS appears to be a function of runoff rate, concentration and size distribution of suspended solids, and biological factors that influence hydrologic and chemical processes in filter strips.
Three sets of experimental field plots were constructed to simulate VFS. Each set consisted of three plots containing sediment and nutrient source areas and 0.0, 4.6, or 9.1 m grass filter strips. Artificial rainfall was applied to the plots, and surface runoff, soil, and plant material samples were collected and physically and chemically analyzed. The VFS reduced surface runoff, suspended solids, and phosphorus losses. Most removal of sediment and phosphorus was accomplished in the first few meters of the VFS. The filter strips did not remove phosphorus as effectively as sediment, due to their ineffectiveness for filtering dissolved phosphorus and sediment-bound phosphorus associated with fine particles. The VFS often increased orthophosphorus losses in surface runoff. Laboratory batch experiments of phosph~rus desorption reaction suggested that plant residues, living plant canopy, and soil components of the strips could release dissolved phosphorus to surface runoff. A modified Elovich equation and a diffusion-control model were used to describe the phosphorus release from the plant and soil materials.
A computer model, GRAPH, was developed to simulate phosphorus transport in VFS by incorporating phosphorus transport submodels into the VFS model in SEDIMOT II, a stormwater and sediment transport model. The model considers the effects of advection processes, infiltration, biological uptake, phosphorus desorption from the soil surface to runoff, the adsorption of dissolved phosphorus to suspended solids in runoff, and the effects of dynamic changes in the sediment size distribution on chemical transport.
GRAPH was verified using the results of the physical plot simulations. The model's predictions and observed phosphorus transport compared favorably. Sensitivity analysis suggested that sediment and phosphorus removal was sensitive to the input parameters in the order: filter length and width, grass spacing, and filter slope and surface roughness. Increased filter width and length and aboveground biomass increased orthophosphorus loss from VFS.Ph. D.
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Gilbert, Jennifer. "Characterizing dissolved phosphorus transport through vegetated filter strips". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 209 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597617901&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kurtoglu, Levent. "Analysis of loss for inductive strips in finline". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA239947.
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Thesis (M.S. in System Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Knorr, Jeffrey B. Second Reader: Janaswamy, R. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 18, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Finlines, Inductive Strips, Ohmic Losses. Author(s) subject terms: Finline, Inductive Strip, Finline Discontinuity, Ohmic Losses. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61). Also available in print.
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Lorenz, Peter. "Maßnahmen zur Schaffung einer zukunftsfähigen Organisation der Comic-Spezialbibliothek "Bei Renate"". Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2005. http://books.google.com/books?id=SYtQAAAAMAAJ.
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Roodsari, Gholamreza M. "Modeling and monitoring pathogen transport through vegetated filter strips". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1777.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Biological Resources Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Sin, Jerome Ga Nok. "Safety impact study of centerline rumble strips in Georgia". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51775.
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Within the last decade, centerline rumble strips have become increasingly prevalent as a safety countermeasure on undivided roadways throughout the United States. Within the state of Georgia, nearly 200 miles of centerline rumble strips have been installed in an effort to address the severity and frequency of crashes involving the centerline. With several thousands of miles of new installations throughout the nation in the last decade, much literature on this subject is still being amassed. This paper will compile and summarize existing literature in order to provide a thorough overview of the latest information from around the United States regarding the safety, usage, and impacts of centerline rumble strips. Furthermore, this paper seeks to comprehensively determine the safety impacts of centerline rumble strips on undivided, rural highway facilities in the state of Georgia. This portion of the study will prepare an updated inventory of centerline rumble strip installations in Georgia and perform a before-after study using three methods: a direct before-after analysis, a comparison before-after analysis, and a comparative analysis. These analyses will incorporate data from crash databases, police records, and traffic records to produce results unique to Georgia. Lastly, this paper will determine the current status of centerline rumble strips and the potential short- and long-term safety, physical, and unintended effects of centerline rumble strips both in the state of Georgia and throughout the United States through a survey sent to all fifty state transportation agencies. Through literature compilation, safety analyses, and findings on the effects of centerline rumble strips, this paper will aid in the future of centerline rumble strips within Georgia and the United States.
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Dean, Andrew. "'Intelligent' strips for tagging articles including their dispensing methods". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340474.
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Du, Plessis Carla (Carla Susan). "Reconsidering the conventions employed in comix and comix strips". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21211.
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VijayaKumar, Arun. "Evaluation of different safety aspects of centerline rumble strips". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1543.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Malgorzata J. Rys
In this thesis, various safety aspects of center line rumble strips were evaluated. Based on the literature review center line rumble strips (CLRS) are considered to be effective safety countermeasure for reducing crossover accidents on two-lane, two-way roadways. CLRS are indentations milled into the center line of undivided two-lane, two-way roadways to warn driver of drifting into upcoming traffic. Researchers at Kansas State University (KSU) have conducted studies on CLRS and retroreflective pavement markings (RRPM) installed over them. Based on the literature review and the survey conducted on motorcycle riders it can be concluded that majority of riders believe in the effectiveness of CLRS and they recommend the KDOT to implement CLRS in more locations. From the survey conducted on residents of US 40 it can be concluded that RRPM help them in providing visual guidance. They also noticed that there is considerable deterioration of RRPM over CLRS on US 40. From the studies conducted on US 24, US 50 and US 40 it can be concluded that wet retroreflectivity of pavement markings installed over CLRS is considerably lower than dry retroreflectivity. In locations without CLRS wet retroreflectivity of RRPM is higher than dry retroreflectivity. Also, the analysis performed on retroreflectivity measurements from US 24, US 50 and US 40 show that retroreflectivity follows a linear reduction in performance over time. In addition, a new methodology was developed for evaluating RRPM over CLRS. Various tests and analysis were performed and the new method seems effective.
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Beattie, Ewan. "Influence of patterns in paper-based strips onmechanical properties". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235977.
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This project set out to determine, by experimentation, what changes could be made to the material properties of paper-based strips by making different patterns of incisions. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the possibilities of paper-based strips as tourniquets in clinical use for venepuncture, in which a hypodermic needle is inserted into a vein. A tourniquet is required, at a site closer to the heart than where the needle is inserted, to exert a pressure small enough to allowblood to continue being pumped through the arteries, but large enough to stop blood flowing backthrough the veins. In this way the veins become visible and enable a needle to be inserted into one of them. The paper-based strips were each 50mm by 27mm, and their properties to be examined were the tearing strength and the extension under a range of forces. Thirty one patterns were tested, four times each. This project has aimed to use force/extension graphs to assess different pattern types for their potential use as tourniquets during venepuncture procedures.I det här arbetet undersöktes hur pappersremsors egenskaper förändras med olika utskurna mönster. Syftet var att ta fram och utvärdera en experimentell testmetod för att särskilja och utvärdera funktionen hos pappersremsorna med tillhörande mönster. Remsorna är tänkta användas som stasband när man ska ta blodprov i vården. Stasbandet ska ansätta ett trycktillräckligt lågt för att tillåta blodgenomströmning i artärer men tillräckligt högt för att stoppa blodgenomströmning i venerna. Om detta uppfylls blir venerna synliga och det blir lättare att sticka nålen i en ven, som annars kan vara svår att se. Remsorna, med area 128 x 27 mm2 där 50x 27 mm2 är täckt med mönster, utvärderades med avseende på sträckgräns och töjning vid olika laster. Trettioett mönster testades, varje prov upprepades fyra gånger. Resultaten visas i krafttöjningsdiagram. Den framtagana testmetoden kan användas som en första screening av olikamönster i pappersremsor för att studera hur de kan användas som stasband.
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Tong, Kin Patrick. "Revitalization of Tung Choi Street : Women Street in Mongkok [Futurity of Streetscape System] = Wangjiao nü ren jie (Tongcai jie) chong jian ji hua : wei lai jie dao mo shi /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25953138.
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Shrivastava, Swapna. "Aeroelastic oscillations of a delta wing with bonded piezoelectric strips". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0023/MQ50660.pdf.
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Shrivastava, Swapna. "Aeroelastic oscillations of a delta wing with bonded piezoelectric strips". Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21324.
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Piezoelectric materials offer an alternative method for active control of aeroelastic oscillations, that is potentially cheaper, lighter, and more effective than conventional control methods. In this thesis, the aeroelastic oscillations of a delta wing under the combined effects of unsteady, supersonic aerodynamic loading and bonded piezoelectric strips are studied.The delta wing is modelled as a cantilevered triangular plate undergoing small transverse oscillations. Using the structural model developed here, the natural frequencies of the wing are obtained. A hybrid analytical-numerical method is developed for the unsteady supersonic aerodynamics of the wing, in order to determine the unsteady pressure distribution and the generalized aerodynamic forces on the wing. It is shown that the method adopted here to obtain the pressure distribution is more accurate than the analytical method based on frequency expansion, and computationally were efficient than the numerical methods using the Mach Box approach. Finally, in the presence of bonded piezoelectric strips, the transient and dynamic responses of the wing are studied without and with aerodynamic loading, respectively.
It is found that with particular combinations of voltages and the number of piezoelectric strips, the amplitude of the aeroelastic oscillations can be reduced. These required combinations change as the periodic frequency of wing oscillation is varied. Additionally, the piezoelectric actuators aligned with the span are more effective than the chord-aligned piezoelectric actuators, which produce little or no reduction in the oscillations. It is further found that even a small number of strips can effectively reduce the magnitude of the oscillations.
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Han, Yong. "Aeroelastic oscillations of damaged wing structures with bonded piezoelectric strips". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116892.
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This thesis examines a new method of detecting the presence of structural cracks in wing-like structures at an incipient stage. This method is based on the analysis of the dynamics of damaged structures with bonded piezoelectric strips executing flexural oscillations. Such oscillations can be generated by mechanical loads, piezoelectric actuators, or unsteady aerodynamic loads in certain flight conditions of the aircraft. The proposed method of crack detection uses pairs of piezoelectric strip sensors bonded on the opposite sides of the structure and is based on the fact that the presence of a crack causes a difference between the strains measured by the two sensors of a given pair. The structural analysis presented in this thesis uses a nonlinear model for the cracks and a finite element formulation for the piezoelectric strips coupled with the structure. A 3D panel method is used to determine the unsteady aerodynamic loads acting on the oscillating wing. This study includes the dynamic analysis in time domain of cracked wing-like structures undergoing forced flexural vibrations in a range of frequencies generated by a pair of piezoelectric actuators, as well as the analysis of the oscillating wings with piezoelectric strips subjected to unsteady aerodynamic loads. The numerical simulations have shown that the presence of a crack in wing-like structures can be efficiently detected at an early stage by monitoring the response of the piezoelectric sensor pairs.Cette thèse étudie une nouvelle méthode de détection de la présence de fissures structurelles à un stade précoce dans une structure de type aile. Cette méthode est basée sur l'analyse des oscillations en flexion des structures endommagées munies de bandes piézoélectriques collées. Ces oscillations peuvent être générées par des charges mécaniques, des actionneurs piézoélectriques, ou des charges aérodynamiques instationnaires dans certaines conditions de vol de l'avion. La méthode de détection des fissures proposée utilise des paires de capteurs piézoélectriques collés sur les côtés opposés de la structure et est basée sur le fait que la présence d'une fissure entraîne une différence entre les déformations mesurées par les deux capteurs d'une paire donnée. L'analyse structurale présentée dans cette thèse utilise un modèle non linéaire pour les fissures et une formulation par éléments finis pour les bandes piézoélectriques couplées avec la structure. Une méthode de panneau tridimensionnelle est utilisée pour déterminer les charges aérodynamiques instationnaires agissant sur l'aile oscillante. Cette étude comprend l'analyse dynamique dans le domaine temporel de structure de type aile fissurée subissant des vibrations en flexion forcées dans une gamme de fréquences générées par une paire d'actionneurs piézoélectriques, ainsi que l'analyse des ailes oscillantes équipées de bandes piézoélectriques soumises à des charges aérodynamiques instationnaires. Les simulations numériques ont montré que la présence d'une fissure dans ces structures peut être efficacement détectée à un stade précoce en surveillant la réponse des capteurs piézoélectriques.
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Hernandez, Dahnya Nicole. "Funny Pages: Comic Strips and the American Family, 1930-1960". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/60.
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This thesis examines a selection of American newspaper comic strips from approximately 1930 to 1960. At the height of their runs, many strips appeared in upwards of a thousand newspapers in the United States alone, and syndicates crafted and adjusted the content of these strips according to their image of the average American. This work discusses the pop cultural significance of these strips as well as the traditional American values revealed through each of them. Three strips in particular are the focal point for this thesis: Blondie, created by Chic Young in 1930, Little Orphan Annie created by Harold Gray in 1924, and Li’l Abner created by Al Capp in 1934. The first chapter, focusing on the relationship between Blondie and Dagwood Bumstead, will discuss how power within the family hierarchy is predicated on moral character, as well as how the recurring theme of punishment develops through Dagwood’s personal failures. The second chapter will look at the idea of cultural regularity in Little Orphan Annie through an examination of Daddy Warbucks. It will also deal with themes of leadership and legacy as communicated by the relationship between Annie and Warbucks. The third and final chapter will discuss how the satirical strip Li’l Abner responded to Blondie and Little Orphan Annie in terms of its rejection of traditional family hierarchy, specifically relating to male-female relationships. Ultimately, this thesis seeks to illustrate how a selection of comic strips expressed certain moral values, and the way in which they placed the characters at the mercy of following those values.
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Bruce, R. J. "Trailing edge strips to reduce the drag of slender wings". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380467.
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Zullo, Valentino L. "FREUDIAN STRIPS: COMICS, MENTAL HEALTH, AND THE “PSYCHOLOGIZATION OF AMERICA”". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1586725663979058.
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MAGAGNINI, ERICA. "Brickwork masonry under in-plane loading strengthened with GFRP strips". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/269551.
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Le tipologie costruttive in muratura di laterizio e pietra rappresentano elementi ricorrenti nel costruito storico italiano. La conoscenza di come un edificio in muratura storica risponda alle sollecitazioni sismiche rappresenta un aspetto di basilare importanza nella gestione del patrimonio edilizio esistente. Durante un terremoto, gli elementi murari sono solitamente sottoposti ad intense azioni taglianti che spesso possono portare al collasso dell’intero edificio. Negli ultimi anni si è assistito ad un notevole incremento dell’uso di materiali compositi fibrorinforzati (FRP) nell’ambito degli interventi di rinforzo di elementi in muratura, nell’ottica di conferire una maggiore capacità di resistere a sforzi di trazione. Molti aspetti di questa tecnica di rinforzo non sono stati ancora completamente indagati; in particolare i meccanismi di crisi legati alla perdita di aderenza rinforzo-supporto meritano di essere maggiormente approfonditi tramite indagini sperimentali.
Il presente lavoro è incentrato sullo studio del comportamento statico di murature storiche, sottoposte a prove sperimentali cicliche di taglio-compressione, con lo scopo di valutare i meccanismi di collasso e la capacità ultima degli apparati murari testati, nonché di analizzare l’efficacia degli interventi di rinforzo con FRP posti in opera mediante incollaggio esterno nell’incremento della capacità di risposta del sistema. L’attività di ricerca è stata impostata mediante la predisposizione di prove cicliche di taglio-compressione, realizzate su pannelli in muratura storica costituiti da mattoni storici in scala 1:3 ed aventi una sezione a doppio T, rinforzati con strisce GFRP e non. L’intero modello strutturale è stato sottoposto ad un’azione di precompressione verticale atta a riprodurre le reali condizioni di carico che caratterizzano un edificio in esercizio. Contemporaneamente i due pannelli sono stati sollecitati da azioni cicliche taglianti, applicate con intensità crescenti, atte a simulare una sollecitazione sismica.
L’elaborazione dei dati ottenuti dalle prove cicliche sperimentali ha permesso di confrontare le differenti risposte della muratura nella condizione rinforzata che non, ponendo particolare attenzione all’analisi dei meccanismi di aderenza all’interfaccia muratura/FRP e dei meccanismi di rottura per delaminazione ed instabilità dei rinforzi.
Un modello numerico non-lineare continuo con danno diffuso è stato creato mediante implementazione su codice agli elementi finiti per la simulazione del comportamento della muratura, rinforzata e non, studiata sperimentalmente. I risultati numerici sono stati confrontati con quanto emerso dall’indagine sperimentale ed importanti conclusioni sono state evidenziate.In Italian seismic areas brickwork or stone masonry walls are commonly present in historic buildings. Knowing how historic masonry behaves under seismic action is fundamental for preserving architectural heritage. During earthquakes, masonry walls are subjected to shear loads that often lead to the collapse of the entire building. In recent years, external bonding of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) has become a popular technique for strengthening historic masonry wall buildings in seismic area, with the aim to give a tensile capacity to masonry that it is normally weak to tensile stress. Many aspects of this strengthening method are not yet thoroughly known; in particular, the debonding mechanism of FRP strips needs to be more analysed through experimental data. The primary object of this work is to investigate the structural behaviour and the shear strength of single-story shear walls built with historic solid clay bricks in scale 1/3rd under in-plane loading with and without strengthening by Glass-FRP strips. In the experimental campaign described here, the model structure has been subjected to precompression in the vertical direction to simulate the actual loading condition in a building subjected to racking load. Two brickwork masonry walls, characterized by double T shape, were subjected to in-plane cyclic loading to shear cracking combined with compression; one was strengthened after damage with externally bonded (EB) GFRP strips and then once again subjected to the same loading until failure; another one was strengthened with EB GFRP strips without damage and subjected to the same path of loading until failure. A comparison between the responses of the unreinforced and reinforced model is presented, and the failure mechanisms are discussed addressing particular attention to the delamination of the GFRP strips under shear tests. The behaviour of walls was also analysed by theoretical FEM modelling with a non-linear procedure. Numerical computations are developed for un-strengthened and GFRP-strengthened masonry panels, assuming both brick and truss elements. The obtained results, in terms of the global response of the examined panels, are compared with the data available from experimental tests and interesting aspects are remarked.
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Pevey, Aaron. "From Superman to superbland the Man of Steel's popular decline among postmodern youth /". unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172007-133407/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. Chris Kocela, committee chair; Paul Schmidt, Michael Galchinsky, committee members. Electronic text (95 p. : ill. 9some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Nov. 16, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-81).
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Herman, Janique Luschan Vogl. "An interrogation of morality, power and plurality as evidenced in superhero comic books: a postmodernist perspective". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1005646.
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The desire for heroes is a global and cultural phenomenon that gives a view into society’s very heart. There is no better example of this truism than that of the superhero. Typically, Superheroes, with their affiliation to values and morality, and the notion of the grand narratives, should not fit well into postmodernist theory. However, at the very core of the superhero narrative is the ideal of an individual creating his/her own form of morality, and thus dispensing justice as the individual sees fit in resistance to metanarrative’s authoritarian and restrictive paradigms. This research will explore Superhero comic books, films, videogames and the characters Superman, Spider-Man and Batman through the postmodernist conceptions of power, plurality, and morality.
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Vidoni, Mchele [Verfasser]. "Contribution to the Development of a Process to Produce Tailored Steel Strips by Twin-Roll Strip Casting / Mchele Vidoni". Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118258851/34.
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Smith, Benjamin. "Spandex cinema : three approaches to comic book film adaptation /". Read thesis online, 2009. http://library.uco.edu/UCOthesis/SmithBP2009.pdf.
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Young, Hiu-tung. "Problems of translating contemporary Japanese comics into Chinese the case of Crayon Shinchan /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848863.
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Emara, Mohamed Reda Ali Elewa. "Bond behavior of NSM FRP strips in concrete under sustained loading". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/523486.
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The main objective of work has been to study the bond strength and bond-slip response of NSM CFRP strips in concrete when subjected to sustained loading under different environmental conditions. To this end, two experimental campaigns have been carried out. In the first campaign, the tensile creep behavior of epoxy adhesive specimens when subjected to different levels of sustained loading, temperature and humidity has been investigated. In the second campaign, the long-term bond behaviour of NSM CFRP strips in concrete has been studied, by using single-shear pull out concrete blocks strengthened with NSM CFRP strips. Different sustained load levels, bonded lengths, groove widths, temperature and humidity have been considered. The experimental results have been reported and discussed. Moreover, a simplified analytical methodology simulating the time-dependent bond-slip response of NSM CFRP strips in concrete has been presented. The experimental data have been compared to predictions obtained with the proposed methodologyL’objectiu d’aquest treball ha estat l’estudi de l’adherència i de la resposta adherència-lliscament de reforços de laminats de FRP inserits en el recobriment del formigó (NSM FRP) sotmesos a càrrega mantinguda i a diferents condicions ambientals. Amb aquest objectiu s’han portat a terme dues campanyes experimentals. En la primera s’ha estudiat la fluència a tracció d’espècimens d’adhesiu epoxídic sotmès a diferents nivells de càrrega mantinguda, temperatura i humitat. En la segona, s’ha estudiat el comportament a llarg termini de laminats de NSM FRP mitjançant l’assaig de pull-out a tallant simple de blocs de formigó reforçats amb NSM, sotmesos a diferents nivells de càrrega mantinguda. S’han considerat diferents longituds d’adherència, amplades de ranura, temperatura i humitat. Els resultats experimentals s’han exposat i analitzat. A més, s’ha presentat una metodologia simplificada per a la simulació de la resposta adherència-lliscament al llarg del temps i els resultats obtinguts s’han comparat amb els experimentals
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Thompson, Tyrell D. "Evaluation of rumble strips at rural stop-controlled intersections in Texas". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2677.
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Major safety concerns are present at rural high speed intersections. When long uninterrupted tangents are located near rural intersections, the drivers can become inattentive to upcoming decision points. Traffic control devices could aid in mitigating these occurrences by warning drivers of upcoming decision points. One such device is transverse rumble strips, which act to provide motorists with an audible and tactile warning that their vehicle is approaching a decision point of critical importance to safety. The objective of this research was to determine if the presence of transverse rumble strips were an effective warning device for drivers approaching rural stop-controlled intersections. To evaluate the effectiveness of transverse rumble strips, vehicle speeds were measured at three locations along the approach to an intersection both before and after the installation of rumble strips. Vehicle speeds were measured at nine rural stop-controlled intersection sites in Texas. Overall, the installation of rumble strips generally produced small, but statistically significant (p ? 0.05), reductions in traffic speeds. There were some negative driver behavioral impacts (i.e., speed increases) that occurred after the installation of rumble strips. There were a few instances where speed change reductions of greater than 1 mph occurred, however, the overall trend was that speed change reductions were equal to or less than 1 mph. Although the rumble strips did not produce meaningful reductions in traffic speeds, they should still be considered based upon previous accident reductions and minimal installation costs.
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Vakili, Soheyl. "Analysis of water cooling process of steel strips on runout table". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37671.
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This study engages in the thermal analysis of water jet cooling of a hot moving steel strip on a run-out table. General 3D FE programs are developed for the direct and inverse heat transfer analysis. Studies show that gradient-based inverse algorithms suffer from high sensitivity to measurement noise and instability in small time steps. These two shortcomings limit their application in modeling of the real problems.
Artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods are applied to the inverse heat conduction problem in order to overcome the challenges faced by the gradient-based methods. Among them, GA and PSO are found to be effective. CRPSO, a variation of PSO, shows the best computational performance. However, compared to the gradient-based methods, these algorithms are very slow. Thus, a set of modifications were performed in this research to accelerate their convergence rate. Sequential formulation using the future time steps, multi-objective optimization, and inexact pre-evaluation using surrogate models are some of these modifications.
Inverse analysis of experimental data shows that heat transfer behavior on the plate is mainly a function of the surface temperature, and can be categorized into three zones: High, mid, and low temperature. The effects of jet line configuration, jet line spacing, and plate moving speed were studied. The most uniform distribution happens in the case of fully staggered configuration. In higher jet line distances, the interaction effects become less significant, and a more uniform distribution is observed. The plate speed affects the heat transfer rate under the impingement point for the higher surface temperatures. In the high entry temperatures, the impingement heat transfer rate is lower when the plate is moving at a higher velocity. The plate speed does not significantly change the heat transfer behavior in the parallel flow zone.
Finally, the results of the heat transfer analysis were coupled with the microstructure and structure fields, to study the thermal stresses and deflection occurring in the strips during the cooling process. It was found that fully-staggered jet configuration, larger spacing between jet lines, and lower plate speeds result in a less deformed steel strip.
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Maksym, Geoffrey N. "Computer controlled oscillator for dynamic testing of biological soft tissue strips". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69742.
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A computer controlled tissue strip oscillator has been constructed for the advanced study of lung parenchyma mechanics. The data acquisition and control are facilitated on a 486 personal computer. The tissue is maintained by a continuously circulating bath of Krebs-Ringer solution at 37$ sp circ$C bubbled with a 95% O$ sb2$ and 5% CO$ sb2$ gas mixture. The oscillator has a useful bandwidth to 20 Hz at 0.5 cm amplitude and step response with no overshoot at all amplitudes. The movement range of the motor is 5 cm with resolution 13.6 $ mu$m. The force resolution is 66 $ mu$N with a range of 0.25 N. A tissue preconditioning protocol was developed as a standard maneuver to be conducted prior to applying length perturbations about specific operating stresses. The tissue strip oscillator has been successfully tested on dog lung tissue strips.
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Popple, Damian Francis. "The interaction of two-dimensional sound waves with several compliant strips". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243562.
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Duzant, Julia H. "Towards guidance for the design and placement of vegetated filter strips". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4560.
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A combined field, laboratory and modelling approach to the study of vegetated filter strips (VFSs) was carried out in order to provide guidance on optimum design and placement for trapping sediment from overland flow. Monitoring of fifteen established filter strips in the Parrett Catchment, England, informed on the complexity of intercepting flow pathways to optimise filter strip performance. Results suggest that a 6 m VFS will trap an average of 1.74 t year -1 of material from a field of 1 ha, but this is highly variable depending on design, placement and management factors. In most cases the majority of coarse sediment is trapped at the upslope edge of the VFS and is typically >85% sand. A revised Morgan-Morgan-Finney model was tested against a range of field and laboratory datasets and an efficiency coefficient of 0.7 was achieved. When testing the model against the field results from the Parrett Catchment, an active filter strip area was used. This took into account only the area of the filter strip effective in trapping sediment due to the convergence and bypassing of flow pathways. In the field, filter strip performance will be improved by reducing concentrated flow reaching the strip and ensuring that flow does not bypass the strip through burrows and gateways, using in field erosion control, maintaining level ground between the field and filter strip edge and managing the strip to maximise the density of vegetative material, particularly the number of vegetative stems. Potential applications for the research include a field based Decision Support System, design of filter strip biophysical architecture and catchment planning.
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Mirmohammadi, Ghoojdi Tahereh. "Control of aeroelastic oscillations of wing structures using bonded piezoelectric strips". Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121320.
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The objective of this project is the analysis and control of the aeroelastic oscillations of a wing structure with bonded piezoelectric strips subject to unsteady subsonic aerodynamic loads. Active control of aeroelastic oscillations and the use of piezoelectric materials in vibration analysis and control of structures have been the subjects of many researches in air vehicle design. However, most of the research in these areas has been restricted to simple models such as two-dimensional or quasi-steady aerodynamic models. Hence, in order to obtain accurate and valid results, considering the effects of unsteadiness and three-dimensionality in the modeling is necessary.This complex problem requires time-dependent simultaneous solution of the dynamics equations of the elastic structure with the piezoelectric strips, coupled with the equations of the unsteady flow past oscillating wings. In the present thesis, the unsteady subsonic aerodynamic loading of a trapezoidal wing structure is calculated using numerical panel methods for two- and three-dimensional flows. The developed models are validated with the existing literature and the results show good agreement. Piezoelectric strips are employed as sensors and actuators bonded to the surface of the wing. The finite element formulation of the combined structural model for the wing and the piezoelectric strips is presented. The structural model is coupled with the aerodynamic model using an interactive computer model to transfer the data at each time step and solve the equations simultaneously. The transient analysis is used to simulate the aeroelastic oscillations and an active PID feedback controller is proposed and applied to suppress the oscillations. The numerical results for the various cases of the control of oscillations caused by the vertical gust loads are presented. The results show that the PID control is effective in reducing the amplitude of the oscillations in relatively short time and with relatively small gains, hence low cost. A systematic approach is presented to calculate the gains of the feedback controller using the system matrices. An analysis is performed as well to investigate the effects of the actuator placement on the performance of the controller in suppression of the oscillation for various scenarios. It was demonstrated that the actuators placed close to the wing root are more effective in reducing the amplitude of the oscillations in less time.L'objectif de ce projet est l'analyse et le contrôle des oscillations aéroélastiques d'une structure de l'aile avec des bandes collées piézoélectriques soumises à des charges aérodynamiques subsoniques instables. Le contrôle actif des oscillations aéroélastiques et l'utilisation de matériaux piézoélectriques dans l'analyse des vibrations et le contrôle des structures a fait l'objet de nombreuses recherches dans la conception des véhicules aériens. Cependant, la plupart des recherches dans ces domaines ont été limitées à des modèles simples tels que les modèles aérodynamiques à deux dimensions ou quasi-stables. Par conséquent, afin d'obtenir des résultats précis et valables, il est nécessaire de considérer les effets de l'instabilité et de la tridimensionnalité dans la modélisation. Ce problème complexe nécessite de résoudre de manière simultanée en fonction du temps l'équation de la dynamique de la structure élastique avec des bandes piézoélectriques couplée avec les équations du flux instable autour des ailes oscillantes. Dans cette thèse, la charge aérodynamique subsonique instable d'une structure d'aile trapézoïdale est calculée en utilisant des méthodes de panneaux numériques pour des flux à deux et trois dimensions. Les modèles développés sont validés avec la littérature existante et les résultats démontrent un bon accord. Des bandes piézoélectriques sont utilisées comme capteurs et des actionneurs liés à la surface de l'aile. La formulation des éléments finis du modèle structurel de l'aile combiné avec les bandes piézoélectriques est présentée. Le modèle structurel est couplé avec le modèle aérodynamique à l'aide d'un modèle informatique interactif pour transférer les données à chaque pas de temps, et résoudre les équations simultanément. L'analyse transitoire est utilisée pour simuler les vibrations aéroélastiques et un contrôleur de retour PID actif est proposé et appliqué pour supprimer les oscillations. Les résultats numériques pour les différents cas de contrôle des oscillations provoquées par les charges des rafales de vents verticales sont présentés. Les résultats démontrent que le contrôle PID est efficace pour réduire l'amplitude des oscillations en relativement peu de temps et avec relativement peu de gains, donc à faible coût. Une approche systématique est présentée pour calculer les gains du contrôleur de rétroaction en utilisant les matrices du système. L'analyse est aussi effectuée pour étudier les effets de la mise en place de l'actionneur sur la performance du dispositif de commande dans la suppression de l'oscillation de divers scénarios. Il a été démontré que les actionneurs placés à proximité de l'emplanture de l'aile sont plus efficaces dans la réduction de l'amplitude des oscillations en moins de temps.
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Fortin, Carl. "Curling and strain monitoring of slabs strips in a laboratory environment". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22702/22702.pdf.
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Le but principal du projet était de relier le cambrement et l'ouverture des joints avec les résultats de l’essai de retrait de séchage normalisé ASTM C157. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, 12 dalles ont été construites à l'aide de 8 différents mélanges de béton. Les variables principales de l'étude étaient le type et la quantité d'armature de même que l'utilisation d'un agent réducteur de retrait (ARR). Différents phénomènes ont fait l’objet d’un suivi élaboré, dont le cambrement, l'ouverture des joints, le fluage et le retrait.
Les résultats obtenus ont clairement démontré les avantages reliés à l'utilisation d'un agent réducteur de retrait. L'étude a également prouvé l'efficacité de certaines fibres dans l'atténuation des effets reliés au retrait de séchage.
La vaste base de données sur le cambrement et l'ouverture des joints produite au cours de cette recherche sera employée pour valider et calibrer des modèles prédictifs et aidera l'industrie du béton à raffiner les règles de conception pour l'espacement des joints.The primary goal of this project was to relate curling and joint opening with ASTM C157 drying shrinkage measurements. In order to achieve this objective, 12 slabs were built with 8 different concrete mixtures. The main variables of the study were the type and amount of reinforcement and the use of a shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA). Different phenomena were monitored, in particular curling, joint movements, creep and shrinkage. The advantages of using a shrinkage-reducing admixture (SRA) in ordinary concrete slabs are clearly demonstrated through the results obtained in this investigation. The study also shows the effectiveness of some fiber reinforcement systems in counteracting the detrimental effects of drying shrinkage. The large database on curling and joint opening produced in this investigation will be used to validate and calibrate predictive models in development, and will help the concrete industry to refine design rules for joint spacing.
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Cheng, Xiaoming. "A numerical study of planing hydrodynamics using strips of variable pressure". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359286.
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Berke, Brandon Seth. "Long term corrosion of reinforcing strips in mechanically stabilized earth walls". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002871.
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Stewart, Jonathan Walter. "Impact of Vegetated Buffer Strips on Surface Runoff in Southern Illinois". OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2152.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESEIS OF JONATHAN W. STEWART, for the Master of Science degree in FORESTRY, presented on October 25, 2016, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: IMPACT OF VEGETATED BUFFER STRIPS ON SURFACE RUNOFF IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Jon Schoonover Sediment and nutrient transport in agricultural surface runoff has been a challenge for watershed managers for decades. Excessive nutrient loading to streams and rivers has led to problems ranging from hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico to drinking water contaminations throughout the world. In addition, these agricultural pollutants have impaired the water quality in many lakes and rivers which in turn have negatively affected both human and aquatic life. In order to reduce the environmental impacts from agricultural surface runoff many farmers, landowners, and land managers have implemented riparian buffers to reduce both sediment and nutrient loading in surface runoff. This study utilized fifteen 1x10 m flumes, with three replicates of each treatment, to determine the effectiveness of various riparian buffer species for their ability to attenuate nutrients and sediment from surface runoff. Treatments included, Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), giant cane (Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.), corn (Zea maize), and non-vegetated bare soil buffers (controls). Surface runoff samples were collected from every natural rainfall event that produced overland flow and were analyzed for sediment and a suite of nutrients. Giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers were effective vegetated buffer species for reducing turbidity, total suspended solids, ammonium, and total phosphorus concentrations. The giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers performed better than the corn and control buffers at removing turbidity, total suspended solids, and total phosphorus. When comparing the giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers to the control buffer the removal of sediment was substantial. For example, giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass removed from 6 to 14 times more total suspended solids than the bare ground control treatment. Furthermore, the giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass also removed from 5 to 9 times more turbidity than the control treatment. The removal of nutrients was also significant for the giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass treatments. For example, giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass removed from 2 to 4 times more ammonium than the control and from 4 to 5 times more total phosphorus than the control treatment. The giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass did not remove dissolved reactive phosphorus better than the control treatment and they were less effective at removing nitrate levels when compared to the control treatment. The giant cane buffer proved to be a very effective riparian buffer species because it had significantly higher soil infiltration rates than that of the control, corn, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers. Giant cane had an infiltration rate of 103.6 cm hr-1, while the infiltration rates of the control, corn, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass were 8.8 cm hr-1, 11.2 cm hr-1, 14.1 cm hr-1, and 24.9 cm hr-1, respectively. Data suggest that giant cane, Kentucky bluegrass, and orchardgrass buffers may be promising riparian buffer species for the removal of both sediment and nutrients in agricultural surface runoff.
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Muthumani, Anburaj. "Study of startle/panic responses due to auditory and haptic warnings in roadway lane departure". Thesis, Montana State University, 2010. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2010/muthumani/MuthumaniA0510.pdf.
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Roadway lane departure accidents caused 25,082 fatalities which accounted for about 58 percent of all roadway fatalities in the United States this year (AASHTO, 2008). In order to reduce these fatalities different types of strategies were implemented such as providing shoulder and/or centerline rumble strips, enhancing delineation of sharp curves, removing or relocating objects, eliminating shoulder drop-offs and providing skid-resistant pavements. Of these strategies, the rumble strips strategy has been found to be more effective to warn drivers. But, the drawbacks of rumble strips have led to the introduction of in-vehicle warning systems. In-vehicle Lane Departure Warning Systems were machine vision-based that use algorithms to interpret video images to check the car's current position and time to lane crossing. However, it is not clear if the warnings themselves may be a potential hazard in terms of distracting or startling drivers. This distraction and startle might impede drivers from quickly and appropriately responding to the original traffic hazard. The present study is intended to better understand how human participants react to such sudden warnings given to them to warn in case of a possible hazard during roadway lane departure. Twelve participants (six male and six female) were asked to drive a simulated vehicle and they were alerted with auditory, haptic, combination of auditory & haptic and no-warning modalities during their lane departure. The responses of the participants were recorded using electromyography (EMG) from the deltoid, biceps brachii, pronator teres and tibialis anterior muscles. The results of the study determined that there is no significant difference in EMG activity between the warning modalities except for the deltoid muscle. The difference in EMG activity for the deltoid muscle for auditory condition is likely due to the greater maximum steering response. Moreover, there is no significant difference among warning modalities during the participant's first warning event. Also, there is no difference in EMG activity between genders due to warning modalities. Overall, findings suggest that there is no potential startle/panic response perceived by the participants due to warning systems in roadway lane departure.