Tesis sobre el tema "Stress biotiques et abiotiques"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Stress biotiques et abiotiques".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Forey, Estelle. "Importance de la perturbation, du stress et des interactions biotiques sur la diversité végétale des dunes littorales d'Aquitaine". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13487.
Texto completoMARIVET, JOCELYNE. "Mise en evidence d'une nouvelle proteine de stress chez le mais et le haricot : la cyclophiline. clonage des genes et expression differentielle en reponse a divers stress biotiques et abiotiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR13193.
Texto completoCourtois, Cécile. "Analyse des réactions de couplage entre le monoxyde d’azote (NO) et le second messager Ca2+ dans les étapes précoces de la réponse aux stress biotiques et abiotiques chez le tabac". Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS072.
Texto completoBazin, Ingrid. "Régulation transcriptionnelle et recherche de système d'expression fonctionnelle pour la caractérisation de protéines ABC impliquées dans la réponse aux stress biotiques et abiotiques chez A. Thaliana". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20121.
Texto completoJaquet, Mathilde. "Le microbiote des hôtes intermédiaires escargots et des moustiques vecteurs de zoonoses sous contraintes génétiques et environnementales : une approche de la capacité vectorielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0032.
Texto completoIn light of the significant increase in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases worldwide, it is crucial to understand the factors involved in these events. Among these factors, food resources and the microbiome appear central in the tripartite relationship composed of the host, the pathogens it transmits, and the environment. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to identify the links between biotic and abiotic environmental factors, the microbiome, and vector competence in mollusks and arthropods that vector zoonotic diseases. This research has enhanced our understanding of the bacterial communities within the microbiome of natural populations of Bulinus truncatus and Galba truncatula, and has studied the influence of environmental factors and host genetics on these communities. It has also evaluated the link between plant-based food resources and the vector competence of laboratory populations of Aedes albopictus. These studies provide new and relevant insights into how interactions between the environment, the microbiome, and host vector competence can influence the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases, offering perspectives for managing infectious diseases and identifying high-risk areas for emergence
Barreda, Léa. "Characterization of the seed specialized metabolome landscape and plasticity in Brassicaceae species". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB048.
Texto completoSpecialized metabolites (SMs) play crucial roles in the interaction of plants and seeds with their environment. SM modifications greatly contribute to SM diversity and activities. Despite their importance for seed quality, the study of the impact of the environment on the synthesis, modification and accumulation of SMs in seeds has been neglected. Seeds accumulate both beneficial and antinutritional SMs with a large range of biological and ecological roles and significant importance for human and animal nutrition, and other industrial uses. Hence, study the diversity, distribution and regulation of SMs in seeds upon environmental stresses is of major relevance, especially in the current context of climate change. This is particularly true for seeds of Brassicaceae species, which include both model and crop species that are widely cultivated across the world and used/consumed as vegetables, fodder, or oilseeds. These species show diverse SM composition and distribution, which makes them valuable models to study the impacts of environmental stresses on seed SMs. This Ph.D. project aimed at characterizing the diversity and plasticity of seed specialized metabolites in Brassicaceae species under environmental stresses by using multi-omic, molecular biology and reverse genetic approaches. In a first study, the diversity and plasticity of seed SMs from several Camelina sativa genotypes cultivated in open field for several consecutive years were assessed. The results obtained showed that the accumulation of SMs in Camelina seeds was more impacted by the environmental conditions rather than the genotype, and that the plasticity of SMs was higher compared to those of major seed storage compounds, including oil, proteins, and other primary metabolites. A second study aimed to evaluate the impact of stress conditions on developing seeds of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Heat stress (HS) was found to induce the strongest changes in seed specialized metabolome, compared to drought stress and copper chloride stress (inducing oxidative stress and mimicking biotic stress effects). Hence, the study has been focused on studying the effect of HS on specialized metabolome during Arabidopsis seed development by using multi-omic analyses (untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses). A wide range of SMs and genes were affected by HS during seed development. Among them, glucosinolates (GSLs) related to ALKENYL HYDROXALKYL PRODUCING 3 (AOP3) GSL hydroxylase enzyme were strongly induced by HS. Besides, several thioglucose sinapoylated and benzoylated GSLs were identified and reported for the first time. Untargeted metabolomic and physiological analyses were performed with several Arabidopsis mutants for GSL-related genes and wild-type genotype, in order to elucidate the synthesis, modifications, regulation and functions of those thioglucose acylated GSLs. The obtained results showed that the acyltransferase SERINE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE LIKE 17 (SCPL17) and BENZOYLGLUCOSINOLATE 1 (BZO1) are involved in the sinapoylation and/or benzoylation of GSL thioglucose moieties and that thioglucose benzoylated and sinapoylated GSLs are involved in Arabidopsis HS responses in seeds. Finally, to study and characterize seed SM distribution, multi-omic analyses have been performed on C. sativa seed embryo (SE) and seed coat and endosperm (SCE) tissues from developing and germinating seeds. The data obtained revealed some specific accumulation pattern of GSLs and related degradation products in the different seed tissues of C. sativa, A. thaliana and Brassica napus species that provide valuable complementary information to the previously described work about GSL functions and activities. In particular, the short methionine derived (Met-de) GSLs (<8C) accumulated in SE, while longer Met-de GSLs (>7C) accumulated in SC. Differently, GSL degradation products accumulation showed diverse accumulation patterns in the three Brassicaceae species
Imbert, Baptiste. "Application of translational research to the study of biological functions associated with stress resistance and adaptation to agroecological cropping systems in pulses". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK085.
Texto completoPromoting the integration of grain legumes into the agricultural and food systems is a major goal in the current agroecological transition. Indeed, nitrogen fixed by soil bacteria in symbiosis with legumes is an alternative to synthetic fertilizers, and grain legumes are a sustainable source of proteins. However, they are affected by many biotic and abiotic stresses that directly impact their production, particularly in agroecological systems. Numerous data on stress tolerance were first acquired on model legume species. The democratization of sequencing technologies has enabled the development of genetic, genomic and other -omic resources directly for cultivated legumes, including pea, faba bean and lentil. It is now essential to create tools that facilitate the transfer of knowledge between model and/or cultivated species. The objective of my thesis was to create a graph database, allowing to (i) cross-reference and query available genetic and -omic data, in an intelligent and efficient manner, within and between target species and (ii) explore through use cases the possibilities offered by translational approaches and their limits for the transfer of knowledge between species. First, a pipeline named Ortho_KB was developed to integrate the heterogeneous data available in different species; genomic, genetic and transcriptomic data, as well as functional annotation of genes and homology and synteny. The OrthoLegKB graph database, derived from Ortho_KB and dedicated to legumes, was created. Comparative genomic data between the species considered were generated by the detection of orthologous genes and syntenic regions between their chromosomes. A collection of heterogeneous data was constituted from the literature and the data available from the host research team. All these data were annotated using ontologies, which provided a controlled and common vocabulary for the different species. And, OrthoLegKB was tested by studying the conservation of a gene controlling flowering time. In a second step, OrthoLegKB was exploited to study the genetic and molecular determinism of frost tolerance in legumes from temperate regions. Queries on the data available for this trait, from both the literature and a GWAS carried out in the team for faba bean, showed a strong synteny of the regions controlling this trait within the Fabeae subgroup. These regions included candidate genes supported by differential expression data under low temperature conditions. In addition, OrthoLegKB revealed genomic regions controlling simultaneously frost tolerance and key morphological traits. To conclude, my thesis has (i) produced a tool for translational research in legumes, OrthoLegKB, and (ii) provided evidence that this tool is applicable for comparative and translational approaches that can benefit for varietal improvement. Ortho(Leg)KB has been used for other traits, through collaborations initiated in research projects; it has been presented to different audiences during conferences, working meetings or trainings. The perspectives of this work are to expand its applications to new traits and to continue to develop Ortho_KB to improve its use and dissemination
Sagouis, Alban. "Processus d'assemblage des communautés de poissons lacustres : influences biotiques et abiotiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0191/document.
Texto completoLakes are major ecosystems thanks to their connections to lotic systems and the matter fluxes they have with their surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. They constitute a valuable resource for human populations by providing water, food and energy. Lake environmental conditions structure their communities but anthropic activities such as agriculture disturb them and play a role in structuring communities. Situations where several pressures – eutrophication and non-native species notably – act simultaneously are particularly studied here as they can have complex and unexpected consequences. Numerous methods exist to understand the effects of these different factors structuring ecosystems. In this thesis, taxonomic indices and indices based on qualitative or morphological functional traits have been used. Functional indices had a better sensibility to eutrophication and non-native species effects. Effects of eutrophication on fish trophic networks were also shown. For a finer understanding of the structuring of lacustrine fish communities, assembly processes and the effects of environment and scale on these assembly processes were analysed. Independently of the scale of study, environmental filtering has a stronger role than limiting similarity on different morphological traits linked to movement and food acquisition. Finally, an index of vulnerability of communities was developed based on the communities’ functional redundancy
Perrin, Florent. "Modification du métabolisme des caroténoïdes en réponse aux stress biotique et abiotique chez la carotte". Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0027/document.
Texto completoCarrot presents a high nutritional interest as a carotenoid intake source. However, knowledge about accumulation mechanisms of these compounds is a major issue. While genetic determinism was relatively well studied, the impact of stresses on carotenoid accumulation in carrot remains unknown. This thesis work aims to determine (i) the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses applied individually or in combination on carotenoid contents in carrot leaves and roots, (ii) the regulation mechanisms which could explainthese variations and (iii) if secondary metabolism is specifically affected independently from primarymetabolism. Results bring to light a negative effect of the different stress conditions, particularly applied in combination, on carotenoid contents in carrot leaves and roots but depend on genotypes. Transcriptional regulation based on carotenoid biosynthetic genes can only partially explain contentvariations. Chlorophyll content variations in leaves and sugar content variations in roots are correlated to those of carotenoids suggesting common regulation mechanisms. This work shows that the impact of stress on culture, and particularly in combination, is an important determinism of nutritional quality. Further works need to be performed to establish a more precise regulation network pattern of carotenoid accumulation in carrot
Juarez, Sabrina. "Régulations biotiques et abiotiques de la décomposition des matières organiques des sols". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01049725.
Texto completoMarques, Martins Guilherme. "Communautés microbiennes de la baie de raisin : Incidence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21924/document.
Texto completoThe study of microbial communities associated with wine grapes under field conditions revealed changes in the size and structure during the berry ripening process, with levels rising gradually and reaching their highest value when the berries were over ripe. During this work several bacteria and fungi species, including fermentative yeast, have been isolated and identified. From cultured bacteria, over 44 species were identified from 21 genera. Concerning fungi population, among eight genera identified, the genus Aureobasidium was the most abundant. Our study reveals the impact of different abiotic and biotic factors over microbial community structure, density and metabolic activity. Comparing different vineyards in the same region, we observed that areas presenting more humid and colder climate favor the growth of microorganisms. Our results also show that the farming system has a clear impact on the microbial community, especially in the bacterial fraction. One of the reasons is the inhibiting effect of copper-based fungicides, frequently used in both organic and conventional farming systems. The presence of Botrytis cinerea in grape berries without visual symptoms of infection can change the microbial community of the grapes, increasing bacterial population density and diversity
Vincent, Quentin. "Étude des paramètres abiotiques, biotiques et fonctionnels, et de leurs interactions dans des sols délaissés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0015/document.
Texto completoDue to industrial activities intensification, large surfaces of degraded soils, with low fertility and sometimes contamination, are derelict. In the context of land depletion and economic pressure, the rehabilitation of these derelict anthropogenic soils could be a key issue. However, these derelict soils needs to be better characterized before to consider their potential use. Soil quality studies rarely take into account the biodiversity and the biological functioning. Thus, the aim of this PhD work was to characterize derelict soils by considering their abiotic, biotic and functional parameters. To this end, six derelict strongly anthropogenic soils from north-eastern France, resulting from different industrial activities, were studied in situ and in laboratory. Several biotic components (bacteria, fungi, mesofauna, macrofauna and flora) were studied to have an almost complete approach of the soil biodiversity. Taxonomical and functional (trait-based approach) study of biodiversity was performed for fungi, meso- and macrofauna. Moreover, the in situ evolution over time of abiotic and biotic parameters was taken into account in one of the six studied derelict soils. Lastly, biotic interactions between a species of Collembola, of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and of herbaceous plant were studied in two derelict soils, in a growth chamber. We showed that derelict soils were characterized by a significant biodiversity, comparable case to case with other kinds of soils like forest, grassland or crop. Nevertheless, differences in terms of density, richness and taxonomical and functional structure community were observed between soils and depend on considered biotic group. These differences were notably linked with contrasting physico-chemical parameters between soils. Thus, a compost-amended constructed soil was the less disturbed among the six studied soils, in contrast with a heavy metal-contaminated constructed soil. We showed that abiotic parameters, notably biotic parameters, evolved quickly (within one year) in the metal-contaminated constructed soil. In the two derelict soils where interactions between Collembola and mycorrhizal fungi were studied, biotic interactions were affected by several parameters like soil volume, time of interaction, indigenous microflora presence etc. Finally, we have shown that these derelict soils support ecosystems services such as biodiversity reserve and could be functional, allowing potential re-use
MONTENY, VANDERVORST NICOLE. "Influence de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur l'efficacite larvicide de bacillus sphaericus neide, 1904". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112093.
Texto completoOsswald, Aurélie. "Étude du chlore organique dans les sols et de sa formation en conditions biotiques et abiotiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0148/document.
Texto completoRecent studies have shown that organic chlorine is retained in the soil and is formed by a chlorination process mainly from the microbial activity of the soi still poorly documented. The aim of this study is to estimate the organic and inorganic forms of chlorine in contrasting soil and highlight the evolution of these forms according to certain environmental parameters or terms of incubations and to the activity of microorganisms. For this, the organo-mineral horizons of contrasting soil were studied (i) in situ: The amounts of chlorine and physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of soil were measured; (ii) in two experimental devices incubations under different conditions. Measurements of chlorine levels between the beginning and the end of the first experiment were measured by AOX analyzer. For the second experiment, the soil was previously enriched with Na37Cl and 37Cl levels were measured by HR ICP MS. Soil samples from these incubations were analyzed by Xanes spectrometry to identify the speciation of chlorine forms in soils. Soil non-extractable organic chlorine contents represent almost all of the chlorine. The parameters that influence the distribution of chlorine contents in soils correspond to vegetation cover, pH, organic carbon content and quantities of microorganisms. The chlorine contents measured by AOX analyzer and by HR ICP MS highlight an organic chlorine formation over time in relation to the microorganims in the soil. The measures carried out by HR ICP MS show also an organic chlorine formation in abiotic conditions. Conversely, XANES spectrometry measurements have show any organic chlorine formation
Prudhomme, Jorian. "Phlébotomes et écosystèmes : impact des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur la structure génétique et phénotypique des populations". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS027/document.
Texto completoSandflies are hematophagous insects belonging to the family Psychodidae and the subfamily phlebotominae. This diptera, yellowish, relatively small (2-3 mm) has about 800 species. 70 of these species have been identified as potential vectors of which forty are proven ones. They can transmit different pathogens; the main ones are Leishmania and phlebovirus.This thesis focused on sandflies, vectors of leishmaniasis. Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. They affect a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans and dogs. They are still a major problem of public health in many countries and are currently in expansion. Although this disease is widely studied, we still have a lot to learn about its vector: the sandfly. For example, the organization of populations in ecosystems and the parameters which structure them are very little studied up to now. It is therefore essential to know the biology of the different actors of a parasite cycle to better understand the transmission of pathogens, to assess risks of transmission, and finally to be able to effectively fight against the disease.In this context, the aim of this thesis is to study the ecology and the structuring of sandfly populations in a known endemic area of leishmaniasis and the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on their organization. To reach this objective, we performed captures of sandflies along a 14km transect located in the Montpellier region which presents an altitudinal, climate and environmental diversity. Sandfly populations have been characterized by taxonomic, spatio-temporal, genetic (microsatellites) and morphometric (geometry morphometry) approaches. The genetic, morphometric and species distribution results were then confronted with climatic (temperature, relative humidity) or environmental parameters (altitude, slope, station, microhabitat).During this work, four species were captured: Phlebotomus ariasi (93.23%), P. perniciosus (0.48%), P. mascittii (0.11%) and S. minuta (6.18%). They have a seasonal activity from May to October with an abundance peak in July-August when average temperatures are optimal for sandflies (20-30°C). Although the environment has been considerably transformed in our study area in 30 years, the abundance of sandflies does not seem to have changed significantly, highlighting their ability to adapt to ecosystem modifications in short and long-term. The presence and abundance of the two predominant species (P. ariasi and S. minuta) are significantly influenced by altitude, temperature, relative humidity, slope and wall orientation.The genetic analyses show that diversity is maintained at all scales of study and that sandflies are organized in micropopulations. The morphometric geometry data reveal a sexual dimorphism, well known in insects but also a phenotypic structuring correlated to environmental or temporal factors (month, slope, altitude and station).Both of these approaches, because of their complementarity, help provide information on the ecology and organization of sandfly populations and to discuss about the consequences in terms of leishmaniasis transmission
Su, Fan. "Modifications physiologiques induites par Burkholderia phytofirmans chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Applications à la protection contre les stress biotique et abiotique". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIMS032.
Texto completoEndophytic PGPR Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN (Bp) promotes growth of various plants and triggers protection against several environmental stresses. To get more insights into the interaction between plant and Bp, we focused on leaf physiological and metabolic aspects of Arabidopsis thaliana. We also determined the mechanisms involved in the defense of leaves after inoculation of the bacteria followed by an abiotic (cold) or a biotic (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Pst) stress. Our results show that the induction of growth promotion of A. thaliana by Bp could be related to the accumulation of primary metabolite levels (amino acids, soluble carbohydrates and vitamins) and to the variation of hormone levels in the leaves. Leaf physiology and metabolism are changed locally and distally by Bp epi- and endophytic colonization. In addition, changes in metabolite levels are more pronounced after a relatively long interaction between plant and bacteria.Moreover, Bp inoculation can also reduce cold injury on the photosynthetic activity by a non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments. Finally, the local presence of Bp causes a delay in the development of Pst, but only in the early stages of the infection. However, the inoculation with Bp does not protect the photosynthetic apparatus during Pst attack.Thus, our results emphasize that the time of presence of a PGPR and his location in the plant could influence the plant physiology and stress tolerance
Perrot, Vincent. "Spéciation isotopique et moléculaire du mercure dans les environnements aquatiques influencée par des processus biotiques et abiotiques". Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3001/document.
Texto completoMercury (Hg) is a toxic and ubiquitous heavy metal. Only present at trace levels in the water column of aquatic systems, it can reach high amounts in food web end-members because of its ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in organisms as methylmercury (MeHg). Hence, the characterization of the transformations leading to the formation (methylation) and the degradation (demethylation) of MeHg is of great concern to evaluate its fate in aquatic environments. The use of the Hg stable isotopes, during laboratory experiments or in environmental samples, allowed to identify and characterize several biotic and biotic pathways involved in Hg transformations and speciation in aquatic systems. The study of Hg mass-dependent and/or mass-independent fractionation was also a competitive tool to assess its bioaccumulation process in several members of the Lake Baikal endemic food chain (Russia). Measured Hg isotopic signatures in such samples provided insight about Hg species fate and sources within the ecosystem of this lake, which has been nominated as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1996 and constitutes the world’s largest freshwater lake in terms of volume
Urruty, Nicolas. "Robustesse du rendement du blé tendre face aux perturbations abiotiques et biotiques : cadre méthodologique et leviers agronomiques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017POIT2253/document.
Texto completoGiven increasing uncertainties surrounding the future of agriculture, farming systems need to perform well both in average conditions and in situations presenting substantial variations. Different concepts have been developed in recent years to assess the sustainability of agricultural systems within a context of global change, including the concept of robustness. But its empirical operationalization remains a challenge, particularly with regard to arable cropping systems. The aim of this thesis is to propose a methodological framework for assessing robustness which is operational for arable conditions. Focusing on wheat production, the robustness is defined as the ability of a cropping system to maintain yield performances despite the presence of perturbations. An econometric model defined at the cropping system level is used to assess yield robustness in the face of changing weather conditions and fungal disease pressures. It is then applied to data from 145 French wheat-growing farms and 2,300 wheat plots surveyed over the period 2011-2014. The results show that yield robustness varies widely from one cropping system to another. Cropping systems showing the most and the least robustness to abiotic perturbations were identified on the basis of yield performances under both normal and changing weather conditions. While several management intensification and crop rotation practices differentiate high versus low wheat yield cropping systems, it appears to be flexibility practices that distinguish robust versus sensitive cropping systems. Beyond the interest of this approach per se to understand and improve the robustness of agricultural systems, this methodological framework could also be used to assess other performances and/or risks
Richaume-Jolion, Agnès. "Influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur le transfert de plasmides entre bactéries dans le sol". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10167.
Texto completoBianchetti, Grégoire. "Impacts de stress biotique et abiotique sur l’acquisition de la qualité nutritionnelle et physiologique de la graine de colza (Brassica napus L.)". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NSARB250.
Texto completoSeed quality acquisition is an environmental moduled process that is finely controlled by the expression of many interconnected molecular and metabolic actors. Current climate projections predict that crops will be exposed to an increase of multiple and combined environmental constraints, leading to complex and generally non-deductible impacts. A better knowledge of these impacts on seed development, still poorly studied, appears thus as a relevant lever to enhance environmental resilience of agricultural productions. This thesis work is part of this scientific theme and sought to answer the following question: what are the impacts of a combination of biotic and abiotic stress on the yield elaboration and seed quality acquisition of the rapeseed?To answer this question, two rapeseed genotypes were grown in a large experimental device and subjected to a combination of stresses that are major for this crop, the water deficit and clubroot, caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. Signature impacts of water deficit on plants and mature seed quality have been identified using physiological and metabolic data, as well as germination kinetics. Subsequently, RNAseq, metabolic and physiological data, were used for the characterization of the rapeseed transcritional developing seed gene transcrotions and quality acquisition. The correlations between these modulations and their agronomic perspectives are discussed
Lelong, Aurélie. "Influence de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur la physiologie et la production d'acide domoïque de Pseudo-nitzschia spp". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986462.
Texto completoIvanisevic, Julijana. "Metabolisme secondaire des éponges Homoscleromorpha : diversité et fluctuation de son expression en fonction des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22034.
Texto completoSecondary metabolism plays a major ecological role in the interactions between the organisms and their environment. An integral study of the organisms’ biology and ecology and the variations of their metabolism is essential for understanding the role of secondary metabolites in the ecosystems. This kind of approach is rare in the marine environment. Small sponge clade Homoscleromorpha constitutes a real potential for the discovery of new species and potentially bioactive molecules. In addition, its dominance in some Mediterranean benthic communities makes it a good model in marine chemical ecology research. This work has started with a description of new species of Oscarella genus, O. balibaloi. This new species forms sometimes, with two other commun Oscarella species, O. tuberculata and O. lobularis, special facies within the coralligenous and semi-dark cave communities. All three Oscarella species are caraterized by a seasonal reproductive cycle with differences in the period of gametogenesis and larval emission as well as the variation in sensitivity facing the changes in thermal regime. Two major lysophospholipid compounds were isolated and caracterized for the first time in O. tuberculata and confirmed in O. lobularis. Their potential role as signal molecules in the reproduction process (embryogenesis and development) was proposed and should be confirmed by experimental studies. One new familly of glycosilated seterterpens (named balibalosides) was found in O. balibaloi. A pluriannual study of species metabolism was performed using three complementary approaches and enabled to test the models of resource allocation to secondary metabolite production. Variation patterns in the expression level of target metabolites, in the metabolic fingerprints and the bioactivities of sponge extracts reflected the significant influence of the reproductive cycle to the secondary metabolite production. Holisitic approaches (métabolomics and bioactivity) pointed out the important modification in the secondary metabolism variation pattern followed by the decrease in bioactivity during the costly period of reproduction (asexual reproduction, embryogenesis and larval development). These results highlight the trade-off in resource allocation between the primary (reproduction) and secondary metabolism and therefore support the Optimal Defense Theory. Metabolomic approach applied to the study of interspecific relations turned out as a good indicator of chemical diversity which allowed the classification of Mediterranean Homoscleromorpha sepcies. The obtained classification was congruent with recent molecular phylogeny results proposing the restauration of two ancient clades within Homoscleromorpha, the Plakinidae, a group of species possesing skeleton and the Oscarellidae, a group of species lacking skeleton. Approaches developed during my thesis opened a numerous perspectives in chemosystematics and marine chemical ecology. The use of metabolic fingerprints can be transposed to other questions in systematics, particularly to demonstrate the existance of cryptic species and to support phylogenetic hypothesis within other problematic clades. [...]
Lelong, Aurelie. "Influence de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur la physiologie et la production d'acide domoïque de Pseudo-nitzschia spp". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2073.
Texto completoMangeot-Peter, Lauralie. "Étude des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques influant sur la structuration et la composition du microbiote racinaire du Peuplier". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0018.
Texto completoMicroorganisms play an essential role in the functioning of forest ecosystems. The pool of the root- associated microorganisms is called “root microbiome” and is known to promote tree growth, improve tree resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and participate in nutrient cycling. Studying the factors that structure and regulate the root microbiome is essential to better understand the mechanisms involved in tree-microorganism interactions and the role of the tree root microbiome in response to current and future environmental constraints. During my thesis, I studied the colonization dynamic of grey poplar roots by bacterial and fungal communities in the soil by combining metagenomic and microscopic approaches. In parallel, a mesocosm study was carried out to determine the impact of the host genotype and environmental factors such as climate and soil type on the root microbiome of black poplar, a species that colonizes riparian ecosystems and is particularly affected by climate change. Finally, through metagenomic and metabolomic approaches, I studied, on the one hand, the impact of soil microbiome variations and, on the other hand, the signalling pathway of jasmonic acid, a phytohormone involved in defence, on the metabolome and communities of the root microbiome of grey poplar. The results of my thesis highlight the significant impact of the tree and environmental factors on the composition and taxonomic and functional structure of the root microbiome as well as the need to consider the tree and its microbiota as a "meta-organism" in its own right
Héry, Marina. "Caractérisation des communautés bactériennes des sols extrêmes de Nouvelle-Calédonie : influence des principaux facteurs biotiques et abiotiques". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10124.
Texto completoKhong, Ngan Giang. "Etude fonctionnelle de facteurs de transcription OsMADS25 et OsMADS26 dans le développement et dans la réponse aux différents stress biotique et abiotique chez le riz". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20120.
Texto completoMADS-box transcription factors (TF) have been mostly characterized for their involvement of plant development such as floral organogenesis and flowering time. Some of them are involved in stress related developmental processes such as abscission, fruit ripening and senescence. Overexpression of the rice OsMADS26 TF suggested a function in stress response. Here we report that OsMADS26 interfered lines presented a better resistance against two major pathogens of rice, Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo) and Magnaportae oryzae (Mo) and a better recovery capacity after a water stress period. Transcriptome analysis revealed that several biotic and abiotic stresses related genes were up regulated in OsMADS26 interfered lines. In addition QPCR analysis showed that the expression of a set of biotic and abiotic genes was induced when OsMADS26 interfered lines were infected by Xoo or submitted to a water stress. This indicated that OsMADS26 is a negative regulator of biotic and abiotic stress response in rice. Taking in account the data previously published that showed that inducible overexpression of OsMADS26 resulted in the activation of expression of genes involved in jasmonic acid or reactive oxygen species biosynthesis, we postulate that OsMADS26 may be a hub regulator of stress response in rice and that it may be posttranscriptional regulated to modulate negatively or positively rice response to various stresses.In addition we have shown in this thesis that an insertion mutant line disrupting the OsMADS25 gene is characterized by a reduced number of tiller. This phenotype was also obtained in transgenic lines expressing the OsMADS25 transcription factor fused with a dominant motif inhibitor of transcription. Thissuggested that OsMADS25 is involved in the control of tiller development in rice.Key words: Rice, stress, blast, tillering, MADS-box, transcription factor, OsMADS26, OsMADS25, transcriptome
Wojciechowski, Alexandre. "Effets biotiques et abiotiques de cultures intermédiaires multi-services sur la qualité d'implantation et la productivité d'une culture de popcorn". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP021.
Texto completoIn South-West France, popcorn maize is generally grown under intensive cropping systems, where the soil is left bare during the fallow period entailing environmental risks. In the context of agroecological transition, the introduction of cover crops (CCs) during fallow period is emerging as a key lever for ecosystem service provisioning. The aim of our research was twofold: to understand the impact of the establishment quality of CCs on their biomass production potential, which is a prerequisite for ecosystem service provisioning; and to assess abiotic and biotic effects of different CCs on the establishment quality, roots mycorrhization, development and productivity of popcorn maize compared with the control treatment represented by a bare soil. Firstly, we conducted a global meta-analysis (275 studies, 53 127 observations) to quantify the response of maize germination, emergence, roots mycorrhization, plant height, biomass yield and grain yield to different CC botanical families and compositions. Secondly, we carried out a 2-year field experiments at Auzeville-Tolosane to assess the quality of establishment and biomass production potential of a wide range of CCs belonging to three major families (i.e. brassicas, legumes, grasses) grown in pure stands and mixtures, and to determine their abiotic and biotic effects on the following popcorn maize. The CC species tested in pure stands were: i) three species of brassicas (white mustard var.Architect, indian mustard var.Etamine, winter radish var.Daïkon CS), ii) four species of legumes (winter faba bean (var.Irena, var.Diva), spring faba bean (var.Nanaux, var.Scuro), common vetch (var.Spido, var.Veronica), purple vetch var.Titane), and one grass species (cereal rye var.Wastauro), while CCs tested in mixtures were: spring faba bean (var.Nanaux)-indian mustard, spring faba bean (var.Nanaux)-winter radish, common vetch (2 varieties)-indian mustard, common vetch (var.Spido)-field pea (var.Arkta), and winter faba bean (var.Irena)-phacelia (var.Maja). Our research showed that the quality of establishment is a determining factor in the biomass production of brassica CCs while it is not the case for legume CCs and mixtures that compensated emergence losses via ramification and branching. Popcorn productivity was significantly related to its stand density and its level of roots mycorrhization. Although CCs reduced the popcorn stand density, they maintained roots mycorrhization and grain yield in a system with high nitrogen inputs. On the other hand, CCs regulated weed development and improved nitrogen nutrition and popcorn grain sanitary quality. However, cereal rye and the common vetch-winter pea mixture resulted the least favourable for popcorn cultivation, especially cereal rye, which reduces population density, yield, and popcorn grain sanitary quality. In agreement with our meta-analysis, we conclude that brassica-legume mixtures are the most favourable combinations not only for sufficient biomass production but also for improved popcorn maize establishment and productivity, while regulating weeds and mycotoxins in the grains. In particular, popcorn maize can draw maximum benefits when grown under a low-input system, with the proportion of brassicas being adjusted in the mixture in relation to post-harvest nitrogen residues in the soil
Roy, Julien. "Microbiologie des plantes en coussin des milieux alpins : influence des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques dans l'assemblage des communautés microbiennes". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV024/document.
Texto completoMicroorganisms are key component of Hearth biodiversity and ecosystem processes, especially in soils where they interact with plants. The objectives of the PhD was to caracterize the plant and abiotic respective influence on microbial spatial distribution. The work was based on a simplified soil biology model, the alpine cushion plants. We choose one species composed of variable morphotype, Silene acaulis,can ecosystem engineer species that creates de novo soil through growth. Sampling design includes soil within cushions and outside, spanning altitudinal and geological gradients. Molecular approachs were used to describe diversity and to genotype cushions.Cushions structures bacterial and fungal regional beta diversity through a local buffering of the influence of abiotic context, homogeneizing soil pH and by nutrient supply. This engineering effect increased in stressful conditions and varied according to plant genotype. Betadiversity differed between bacteria and fungi. Bacterial communities are mainly influenced by pH and converge within cushions while fungal communities correlate to cushion genetic, especially plant-associated biotrophs fungal clades. This work shows that plants act as a major biotic filter on microbial biogeography
Kay, Élisabeth. "Transfert latéral d'ADN chez les bactéries : étude de paramètres biotiques et abiotiques affectant la fréquence des transferts in situ". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10245.
Texto completoDantec, Cécile. "Caractérisation des contraintes biotiques et abiotiques sur la phénologie printanière du chêne : expliquer les patrons de diversité et prédire les changements futurs". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0042/document.
Texto completoBudburst phenology is a major adaptive trait of trees to the environment in temperateclimate. Our aim was to characterize the biotic (powdery mildew) and abiotic (winter and springtemperatures / spring frost) constraints acting on budburst in view to explain the patterns of intra and interpopulations’ phenological variation observed in sessile oak (Quercus petraea) along an elevation gradient.We based our approach on in situ monitoring, experimentation and modeling. Our results highlight that theavoidance of late spring frosts is a major adaptive trait along the elevation gradient. The lateness inbudburst might be due to higher requirements in forcing temperatures. Otherwise, the fungus is not locallyadapted to its host phenology so oak individuals and populations are unequally exposed to the disease.With increasing elevation, oaks are more and more exposed to the fungus, but the environmental factorsare unfavorable to higher infection. At low elevation, powdery mildew and late spring frosts favor oppositephonological phenotypes (early-flushing vs. late-flushing trees, respectively); the combination of the twopressures may thus contribute to the maintenance of the observed high phenological diversity. We alsoshowed that powdery mildew infection induced an increased polycyclism during the growing season in oakseedlings, which made them less resistant to winter frosts. Predictive phenological models will have toinclude the chilling phase which conditions dormancy breaking. Although the lack of chilling is not yet alimiting factor, the current trend in increasingly advanced budburst will certainly be slowed or even reversedin the middle of the century at low elevation, in the southern margin of the distribution area of Q. petraea
Morell, Alaia. "Dynamiques éco-évolutives des espèces exploitées en Mer du Nord en réponse à des variations biotiques et abiotiques de l'environnement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR079.
Texto completoGlobal change scenarios are valuable for guiding management and governance strategies, stimulating decision making, and increasing collective awareness of future biodiversity trends. The degree of realism and integration of ecosystem models used for this purpose is constantly improving, but they still often neglect the evolution of marine populations in future projections. However, marine populations adapt to global changes, either through phenotypic plasticity or evolution, through modifications of their biological characteristics such as life history traits, physiological and bioenergetic traits. The challenge of this thesis is to develop an ecosystem model that allows the exploration of biodiversity scenarios at intra- and inter-specific scales by explicitly representing the phenotypic plasticity of life history traits, their genetic variability, selection and evolution under the combined influence of fisheries and climate change, and the resulting genetic drift and loss of genetic diversity. Applied to the North Sea, this new model is used to understand the processes responsible for changes in life history traits, whether they are of plastic or evolutionary origin. On the one hand, the bioenergetic processes underlying plastic changes are studied by an original approach comparing the differences between the fundamental and realized thermal response curves for different species and life history stages. On the other hand, changes in life history traits are explored through an evolutionary lens by taking into account multiple selection pressures such as fishing, prey-predator interactions and climate change.The integration of plastic and evolutionary processes in ecosystem models allows to describe the inter-individual variability of biological traits and to understand their temporal trends observed in the marine environment. In this way, it responds to the crucial issue of credibility of intra- and inter-specific biodiversity projections under scenarios combining climate and fisheries. The integration of these processes will also allow to quantify more precisely the synergistic and antagonistic effects of these two pressures and to take into account the capacity of populations to adapt to global changes in order to estimate more reliably their resilience
Rancon, Anais. "Diversité et fonctions des microorganismes associés à la litière de garrigue : influence de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques dans un contexte de changement climatique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4765.
Texto completoMy PhD work focused on studying the effects of litter diversity and soil macrofauna on microbial communities under water stress. In the first part, the monitoring of microbial communities associated with leaf litter (dead leaves) and phyllosphere (living leaves) for one year under natural conditions, showed marked differences depending on the physiological state of leaves, the importance of the host plant species on microbial communities and the changes of communities during the year. A second part presents the results of a microcosms decomposition experience under two humidity conditions, a functional dissimilarity gradient of litter species and the presence / absence of a detritivorous macrofauna. Our results reinforce the importance of the plant species on microbial communities and show that the presence of scavengers encourages microbial diversity. A final section assesses the impact of a decrease in precipitation and litter diversity on microbial communities in an in situ decomposition experiment during one year, using rain excluder devices . The composition of litter mixtures has a stronger influence on the microbial communities than lower rainfall. In conclusion, the results of my work tend to underestimate the effect of a decrease in precipitation on microbial communities, but emphasize the sensitivity of the interactions between plant community, macro- and micro-organisms to climate change
Montaudouin, Xavier de. "Etude expérimentale de l'impact de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur le recrutement, la croissance et la survie des coques Cerastoderma edule (mollusque bivalve)". Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR1A510.
Texto completoMontaudouin, Xavier de. "Etude expérimentale de l'impact de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques sur le recrutement, la croissance et la survie des coques Cerastoderma edule (mollusque bivalve)". Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10690.
Texto completoPessereau, Coline. "Etude de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui contrôlent l'implantation des biofilms de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans les réseaux de distribution d'eau thermale". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0244/document.
Texto completoNatural mineral waters are distinguished from drinking water bytheir content in minerals and trace elements. Their use for therapeuticpurposes under medical control is performed in spas. Management ofdistribution networks and the microbiological quality of water are subjectto regulations. Despite the establishment of specific procedures, spas areregularly confronted with microbiological contamination mainly due to P.aeruginosa. This opportunistic pathogen has substantial adaptive capacity,resistance and persistence in the environment, under biofilm.The aim of this thesis work is to bring understanding on the P.aeruginosa behaviour in the natural mineral water distribution networksand validate the effectiveness of treatment products.The influence of the mineral composition of 3 waters on biofilmformation capacity of 9 P. aeruginosa strains of various origins could bedemonstrated. It appears that the amount of biofilm produced after 24 hare less important for the strong mineralization. Modulation of theproduction of virulence factors depending on the water quality iscorrelated to the specific action of certain ions and iron bioavailability. Inhigh mineralization conditions it has been shown that organic materialspromote biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa while metallic materials tendto disadvantage it. The efficiency of a treatment sequence of a patient pointof use has been validated on the 24 h biofilm model and on all materials
Willsie, Alan. "Structure et fonctionnement de la macrofaune associée à la matte morte et d'herbier vivant de posidonia oceanica (L. ) Delile : influence des facteurs abiotiques et biotiques". Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22103.
Texto completoWillsie, Alan. "Structure et fonctionnement de la macrofaune associée à la matte morte et d'herbier vivant de Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile influence des facteurs abiotiques et biotiques /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610758t.
Texto completoMagnan, Fabienne. "Analyse fonctionnelle d'une protéine de type calmoduline d'Arabidopsis thaliana (AtCML9) : rôle dans les réponses des plantes aux contraintes de l'environnement". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30041.
Texto completoSánchez-Pérez, Elvia Denisse. "Rôle des mécanismes biotiques et abiotiques dans la dynamique de la matière organique dissoute dans les écosystèmes marins pélagiques (Méditerranée Nord Occidentale)". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066474/document.
Texto completoChromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a major fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM). CDOM absorbs light over a broad range of ultraviolet (UV-R) and visible wavelengths. A small fraction of CDOM can emit fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet radiation; so called fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). CDOM plays a key role in regulating light penetration into the ocean, absorbing high-energy electromagnetic spectrum (visible and ultraviolet light) waves. On one hand, it protects aquatic organisms of potential photo-damage; in the other hand it induces a negative effect by reducing light for photosynthesis. The optical properties of the CDOM are sensitive to biological (biotic) and physical (abiotic) processes and for this reason the colored matter can provide valuable information about the biogeochemical processes in aquatic environments. CDOM monitoring in Mediterranean coastal areas has shown different temporal trends, which go from weak to strong seasonality. Interestedly, these temporal trends were uncoupled with those of the total dissolved organic carbon. In temperate areas, episodic meteorological events can induce much more abrupt changes in the littoral than in the open sea, where changes tend to be more gradual along the year. In addition, the input of nutrients and pollutants in coastal areas is strongly influenced by the anthropogenic activity on land, and those inputs do not necessarily follow seasonal trends. In the present study, weekly and monthly samplings were performed to investigate the temporal variability in SOLA and MOLA stations, respectively. The fluctuation of different fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was evaluated from February 2013 to April 2014 and referred to long time-frame databases of SOLA and MOLA stations. Inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll shown the classical seasonal patterns, with a winter period characterized by an enrichment of surface waters favoring the spring bloom, followed by a calm period that allows the summer stratification and the depletion of nutrients in the photic zone. The stratification extended until autumn winds and low temperatures eroded the thermocline. In contrast, colored DOM fractions did not follow a clear temporal trend. Interestingly, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exhibited the highest variability in summer, when the rest of parameters showed minimum variations. To explain this mismatch we proposed a sequence of abiotic and biotic phenomena driving the DOC dynamics. In the suggested conceptual frame, DOC dynamics depended strongly on episodic meteorological events (winds, rains, etc.) along the year, except in summer, where the biological factors were more relevant. In order to better understand the influence of biological factors, we examined the temporal trends of phytoplankton composition in relation to those of the different colored DOM fractions. We found that both phytoplankton and CDOM were strongly influenced by abiotic factors such as the intrusions of fresh waters, the vertical mixing due to convection and the light exposure. However we did not find a correlation between any of the CDOM fractions and any of phytoplankton groups. In addition, we use the dust deposition database of ADEPT project (ICM-CSIC, Barcelona) to investigate the potential role of atmospheric deposition in the CDOM temporal variability, and also performed two dust addition experiments with natural plankton communities collected in the Catalan coast
Sánchez-Pérez, Elvia Denisse. "Rôle des mécanismes biotiques et abiotiques dans la dynamique de la matière organique dissoute dans les écosystèmes marins pélagiques (Méditerranée Nord Occidentale)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066474.pdf.
Texto completoChromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a major fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM). CDOM absorbs light over a broad range of ultraviolet (UV-R) and visible wavelengths. A small fraction of CDOM can emit fluorescence when excited by ultraviolet radiation; so called fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). CDOM plays a key role in regulating light penetration into the ocean, absorbing high-energy electromagnetic spectrum (visible and ultraviolet light) waves. On one hand, it protects aquatic organisms of potential photo-damage; in the other hand it induces a negative effect by reducing light for photosynthesis. The optical properties of the CDOM are sensitive to biological (biotic) and physical (abiotic) processes and for this reason the colored matter can provide valuable information about the biogeochemical processes in aquatic environments. CDOM monitoring in Mediterranean coastal areas has shown different temporal trends, which go from weak to strong seasonality. Interestedly, these temporal trends were uncoupled with those of the total dissolved organic carbon. In temperate areas, episodic meteorological events can induce much more abrupt changes in the littoral than in the open sea, where changes tend to be more gradual along the year. In addition, the input of nutrients and pollutants in coastal areas is strongly influenced by the anthropogenic activity on land, and those inputs do not necessarily follow seasonal trends. In the present study, weekly and monthly samplings were performed to investigate the temporal variability in SOLA and MOLA stations, respectively. The fluctuation of different fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was evaluated from February 2013 to April 2014 and referred to long time-frame databases of SOLA and MOLA stations. Inorganic nutrients and chlorophyll shown the classical seasonal patterns, with a winter period characterized by an enrichment of surface waters favoring the spring bloom, followed by a calm period that allows the summer stratification and the depletion of nutrients in the photic zone. The stratification extended until autumn winds and low temperatures eroded the thermocline. In contrast, colored DOM fractions did not follow a clear temporal trend. Interestingly, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) exhibited the highest variability in summer, when the rest of parameters showed minimum variations. To explain this mismatch we proposed a sequence of abiotic and biotic phenomena driving the DOC dynamics. In the suggested conceptual frame, DOC dynamics depended strongly on episodic meteorological events (winds, rains, etc.) along the year, except in summer, where the biological factors were more relevant. In order to better understand the influence of biological factors, we examined the temporal trends of phytoplankton composition in relation to those of the different colored DOM fractions. We found that both phytoplankton and CDOM were strongly influenced by abiotic factors such as the intrusions of fresh waters, the vertical mixing due to convection and the light exposure. However we did not find a correlation between any of the CDOM fractions and any of phytoplankton groups. In addition, we use the dust deposition database of ADEPT project (ICM-CSIC, Barcelona) to investigate the potential role of atmospheric deposition in the CDOM temporal variability, and also performed two dust addition experiments with natural plankton communities collected in the Catalan coast
Carassou, Laure. "Les assemblages de larves de poissons deans le lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie : structure spatio-temporelle et relations avec les facteurs abiotiques et biotiques de l'environnement". Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961365.
Texto completoJean, Natacha. "Etude du DMSP et du DMS dans deux écosystèmes littoraux marins de niveaux trophiques différents (Méditerranée Occidentale, France) : relations avec les facteurs abiotiques et biotiques". Toulon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUL0016.
Texto completoMoison, Maud. "Approche expérimentale et numérique du comportement individuel de Temora longicornis (Müller, 1792), copépode calanoïde typique de la Manche orientale : réponses aux forçages biotiques et abiotiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10163/document.
Texto completoIn a very heterogeneous marine environment, the copepods ability to minimize energy costs due to swimming and to maximize the probability of meeting partner or prey is crucial. In addition, these animals have chemio and mechanoreceptors, which make very good "nano-biosensor". They will be very sensitive to stress physico-chemical, biological, including seasonal variations. The objective of this study is to characterize the behavioral responses of the species Temora longicornis (Müller, 1792), typical copepod of the Eastern Channel, in conjunction with various biotic and abiotic forcings of this environment. Initially, the effect of temperature and salinity variations and the presence of prey were tested separately and in a controlled environment. Meanwhile, regular monitoring of behavior was conducted for two years. For this, trajectories of copepods males and females are explored through new approaches using statistical methods from the fields of information theory and statistical physics, and through analysis of different symbolic states medley. For this species, swimming activity consists of a succession of periods of break and “cruise” interrupted by quick jumps. Swimming speed, especially the frequency of jumps, increases under extreme temperatures. The presence of algae in the environment also changes markedly its activity; including the time allocated for exploration and fast swimming increase with the availability of prey. Consequently, the influence of these factors and the large variability in coastal eastern handle both physically and biologically may explain the behavior variability observed during the seasonal monitoring
De, Bont Linda. "Importance de l'homéostasie du NAD dans la productivité et la résistance aux stress chez Arabidospis thaliana". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112283.
Texto completoThe harmonious development and functioning of plants depend on severalcofactors such asnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Besides its roles in redox recycling,the NAD is alsoinvolved in cellular signalling processes, which are central actors instress situations. TheNAD is thus one of the main determinants of plant energy homeostasis,and therefore of cropyield. Through a reverse genetics approach targeting the L-aspartateoxidase (AO) – the firstcommitted enzyme of NAD biosynthesis – plants with constitutive eitherincreased ordecreased levels of pyridine nucleotides have been obtained. A furtherstudy of these plantsenabled to show that the NAD (1) can improve the growth, development andproductivity ofplants, (2) coordinates photosynthetic, respiratory and nitrogenmetabolisms, and (3) actsupon biotic and abiotic stress resistance mechanisms. This research isbeing valuedindustrially
Janvier, Céline. "Recherche d'indicateurs de la santé des sols". Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003443.
Texto completoGrange, Julie. "La dynamique temporelle des successions de communautés microperforantes et des taux de dissolution associés en milieu récifal. Quelle influence des paramètres biotiques/abiotiques ?" Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066422.
Texto completoBiogenic dissolution of carbonates due to microborers is one of the main destructive forces in coral reefs. Unfortunately this biogeochemical process received low attention and thus is considered as negligible by prediction models of coral reefs future while this process seems to be stimulated by global change factors such as acidification. In this context, dead coral skeletons were exposed, on a reef in New Caledonia, to microborers for six temporal series from 1 to 12 months of exposure (three started in summer and three in winter). Study of coral blocks allowed to determine together biogenic dissolution rates, the diversity and the abundance of microborers. In parallel, external biotic and abiotic parameters were recorded monthly and/or continuously. This experiment highlighted for the first time; I/ three steps in the temporal dynamics of the biogenic dissolution, described by a growth logistic models, driven by microborer communities and grazing intensity; II/ The interactions between microboring community successions and external parameters described by a conceptual model; III/ the influence of external parameters on the dynamic of biogenic dissolution. Thus, results showed an early installation of Ostreobium quekettii, the main agent of the biogenic dissolution and an increase of this process due to higher seawater temperature or nutrients. This suggests, in the context of global change, an acceleration of the biogenic dissolution weakening even more coral reef ecosystems
Grange, Julie. "La dynamique temporelle des successions de communautés microperforantes et des taux de dissolution associés en milieu récifal. Quelle influence des paramètres biotiques/abiotiques ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066422.
Texto completoBiogenic dissolution of carbonates due to microborers is one of the main destructive forces in coral reefs. Unfortunately this biogeochemical process received low attention and thus is considered as negligible by prediction models of coral reefs future while this process seems to be stimulated by global change factors such as acidification. In this context, dead coral skeletons were exposed, on a reef in New Caledonia, to microborers for six temporal series from 1 to 12 months of exposure (three started in summer and three in winter). Study of coral blocks allowed to determine together biogenic dissolution rates, the diversity and the abundance of microborers. In parallel, external biotic and abiotic parameters were recorded monthly and/or continuously. This experiment highlighted for the first time; I/ three steps in the temporal dynamics of the biogenic dissolution, described by a growth logistic models, driven by microborer communities and grazing intensity; II/ The interactions between microboring community successions and external parameters described by a conceptual model; III/ the influence of external parameters on the dynamic of biogenic dissolution. Thus, results showed an early installation of Ostreobium quekettii, the main agent of the biogenic dissolution and an increase of this process due to higher seawater temperature or nutrients. This suggests, in the context of global change, an acceleration of the biogenic dissolution weakening even more coral reef ecosystems
Benyahia, Mohamed. "Etude de la contamination du bivalve d'eau douce Dreissena polymorpha par le plomb : bioaccumulation, distribution tissulaire et élimination du métal : incidence de paramètres biotiques et abiotiques". Metz, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1991/Benyahia.Mohamed.SMZ9112.pdf.
Texto completoFreshwater mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were exposed to lead under laboratory conditions. Patterns of accumulation in whole animals were linear at low concentrations and the tissues lead concentrations were proportional to lead in the medium. At high concentrations of lead in the medium, the accumulation proceeded at a high rate in a saturating mode. Under cyclic conditions of exposure, kinetic of lead accumulation showed a pronounced biphasic mode. It is argued that the biphasic course of accumulation seemed to indicate that the animal acts as a multi-compartments accumulation system. The chelation of lead by EDTA decreased strongly its toxicity and bioaccumulation. In the presence of zinc, uptake of lead in whole Dreissena was reduced in the initial phase of accumulation. Thereafter, the antagonistic effect of Zn decreased and became not significant at the end of exposure period. A rise in temperature decreased lead accumulation by mussels. The results also indicate that accumulation were greatly affected by seasonal conditions. In spring, the rate of uptake was the faster and lead body burden was the most important. By means of histochemical staining method and microanalytical technique (LAMMA), lead has been localized mainly in granules of renal cells and in cytoplasm of granulocytes in gills, pericardial gland, byssal gland and digestive epithelium. The depuration process were low and occured sloly compared to accumulation. The original lead concentrations in the soft parts did not influence significantly the rate of elimination. The presence of EDTA or a rise in tempeature enhanced the rate of lead elimination. In all conditions, the total depuration were not attained and the tissue lead concentrations remained at high levels in comparison to controls
Vu, Thi Dao. "Effet de l'environnement sur la croissance et l'accumulation de métabolites secondaires chez Datura innoxia Mill. cultivé en conditions hors sol ; impact des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL029N/document.
Texto completoDatura innoxia Mill. a plant species belonging to Solanaceous family, produces hyoscyamine and scopolamine as two main tropane alkaloids. It has been studied in the present work for the development of hydroponic based secondary metabolites bioproduction. More specifically, biotic and abiotic environmental factors have been analysed in order to improve growth and alkaloid accumulation in plant tissues. Oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution is proved to be important for both biomass and compound production in temporary immersion culture conditions occur as one optimum. Temperature has also a major effect, directly and most probably through oxygen solubility and root needs. We showed that artificial light may positively complete natural one but the kind of spectrum must be chosen carefully. From this point of view, orange light from High Pressure Natrium Vapour light showed better results than classical white light. Nitrogen (NO3-15mM) and pH (5 to 6) management may lead to culture optimization. We also show that well chosen wild Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains may be added to the hydroponic nutrient solution in order to improve growth and alkaloid bioproduction. This result is due to the multi occurrence of genetic transformation events. Our results lead to a first classification for impacts of biotic and abiotic factors. It opens new window for plant milking technology industrial development
Vu, Thi Dao Gontier Eric Bourgaud Frédéric. "Effet de l'environnement sur la croissance et l'accumulation de métabolites secondaires chez Datura innoxia Mill. cultivé en conditions hors sol ; impact des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques". S. l. : INPL, 2008. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2008_VU_T_D.pdf.
Texto completo