Artículos de revistas: "Stone wares"

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Takenouchi, Keita. "Mortuary Consumption and the Social Function of Stone Vessels in Early Dynastic Egypt". Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 107, n.º 1-2 (junio de 2021): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03075133211050650.

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This study examines the social functions of stone vessels in Early Dynastic society through a comparison between tomb architecture and the assemblage of stone vessels. The results demonstrated that the more valuable vessels, consisting of special wares and greenish stone vessels, were mostly restricted to high-status tombs in the Memphite and Abydos regions. This hierarchical structure places the king’s and highest officials’ tombs at the top of the hierarchy. Rulers probably distributed stone vessels to elites as part of their political strategy under the administrative institution and system developed since IIIC2. Furthermore, there are formal sets of stone vessels in elite tombs at provincial sites that are close to the vessel assemblage of the ritual list inscribed on funerary slabs during IIID. This suggests that stone vessels were likely brought to provincial areas to promote the offering ritual to local elites in this period. Thus, stone vessels functioned as a political medium for vertical and horizontal integration.

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Іваненко, Олена Іванівна, Марія Володимирівна Захарова y Олена Юріївна Гожулян. "Utilization of granite stone extraction waste for making sidewalk concrete wares". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 3, n.º 11(75) (24 de junio de 2015): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2015.43396.

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Snitkuvienė, Aldona. "The Path of the First European Porcelain Wares to Lithuanian Museums". Perspektywy Kultury 25, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2019): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2019.2502.12.

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The state’s development, twists and turns of culture and history of the country, circumstances and passing time, often erase facts, that is why the reconstruction of the history of exhibits’ acquisition in museums is one of the most complicated aspects in museology. The article is dedicated to the presentation of Johann Friedrich Böttger’s (1682-1719) collection of red stone mass exhibits in Lithuanian museums and aims at revealing their history. Thanks to the archival register, it was possible to discover the inventory lists with descriptions of valuable works of art that had been prevented from being seized by Germans and preserved during the Soviet occupation. Among them, there were exhibits stored at the M.K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art. Particularly valuable are twelve items of red stone mass by J.F. Böttger. Their identification revealed not only the date (1940) and the manor (the Pakruojis manor, Šiauliai region, Lithuania) from which the nationalized art collection was transferred to the museum but also to whom [Leo Carl von der Ropp (27.09.1860 Pakruojis – 09.10.1940 Berlin)] it belonged. That is how the history of J.F. Böttger’s red stoneware exhibits has been unveiled. The Lithuanian Art Museum purchased two exhibits from private persons (1980 and 1982).

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Preda, Bianca. "Considerations regarding Barrow Burials and Metal Depositions during the Early Bronze Age in the Carpathian-Danube Area". Hiperboreea 2, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2015): 5–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.2.2.0005.

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Abstract The beginning of the Early Bronze Age brought significant changes in the Carpathian-Danube Area, including new burial customs, a different economy and innovative technologies, most of them with eastern steppe origins. Thus, burial barrows appeared in the landscape raised over rectangular grave-pits, sometimes with wood or stone structures containing individuals lying in contracted or supine position with flexed legs, stained with ochre, rarely accompanied by grave-goods like wares, ornaments or weapons made of stone, bone and precious metals. Among the metallurgical innovations, items such as silver hair rings, copper shaft-hole axes and tanged daggers are considered specific to the new era. However, a careful approach of the deposition contexts of these artifacts, as compared with the eastern space, indicates that in some cases the objects were not just adopted, but reinterpreted and involved in different social practices. This paper aims to analyze the manner in which metal pieces were disposed of and to identify the rules governing this behavior.

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Piličiauskas, Gytis, Rokas Vengalis, Karolis Minkevičius, Gražina Skridlaitė y Giedrė Piličiauskienė. "Towards a better understanding of the economy and culture of the Late Bronze Age in the southeastern Baltic: Tarbiškės settlements". Archaeologia Baltica 29 (27 de diciembre de 2022): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/ab.v29i0.2476.

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In 2020, rescue excavations due to construction of a pipeline connecting Poland and Lithuania took place at the Bronze Age sites Tarbiškės 1 and Tarbiškės 2, eastern Lithuania, both dated to 1050–900 cal BC. They revealed a rather homogeneous archaeological assemblage which fills a gap in the development of the Bronze Age culture and economy in the southeastern Baltic. Tarbiškės Ware, from a typological as well as chronological point of view, stands in an intermediate position linking Trzciniec culture pottery with Žalioji and Early Striated Wares. Macrobotanical analysis of charred plant remains revealed that Bronze Age people at Tarbiškės cultivated Panicum miliaceum, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum sp. The Tarbiškės sites demonstrate that early farmers used to settle areas at higher elevations with sandy soils, further from large bodies of water. They used flint and other stone tools widely and lacked bronze. Tarbiškės is the first and only ancient settlement discovered in Lithuania with a workshop for on-site manufacturing of polished stone axes with drilled holes.

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Wilmsen, Edwin N. y James R. Denbow. "The Middens at Tora Nju and Their Adjacent Stone Enclosure". Journal of African Archaeology 15, n.º 1 (7 de diciembre de 2017): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21915784-12340005.

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Abstract Tora Nju is the local name for a collapsed stone walled enclosure situated approximately 20km from Sowa Spit, 200 m south of the Mosetse River, and 7 km east of the present strandline of Sowa Pan. The site that takes its name from this ruin includes several midden areas containing pottery, stone tools, and faunal remains along with house structures and grain bins. Excavations were carried out in parts of all these site components. The middens contained a moderately rich suite of materials including sherds, glass and shell beads, metal, and animal bones. The enclosure, however, yielded very little. Consequently, we concentrate here first on the middens before turning to the enclosure. Typical Khami vessel forms predominate throughout the midden stratigraphy; a few midden sherds are comparable with Lose wares in part contemporary with Khami ceramics. A possible earlier Leopard’s Kopje presence is also indicated. Glass beads characteristic of Khami Indo-Pacific series were also recovered from all midden levels. Three charcoal samples yielded contradictory radiocarbon dates for the middens, and we have no direct means for dating the enclosure. We evaluate evidence for a takeover of Sowa salt production by the Khami state sometime in the early 15th century. Finally, we examine historical records and incorporate current linguistic and dna studies of Khoisan and Bantu speakers to illuminate the social history of the Tora Nju region.

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Martlew, R. "The Excavation of Dun Flodigarry, Staffin, Isle of Skye". Glasgow Archaeological Journal 12, n.º 1 (enero de 1985): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gas.1985.12.12.30.

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Summary Dun Flodigarry, on the north-east coast of Skye, is a badlyruined Iron Age stone structure on a low rock knoll and having a plan like an open-sided ring. Two-thirds of the double wall remains, two or three courses high, and a C-14 date suggested that it was built in the 1 st century A. D. The interior was full of unstratified earth, with no trace of a floor level; this, and the presence of a deposit of rubble diagnosed as bulling material, suggests that the site is an unfinished ground-galleried broch rather than a D-shaped semi-broch. The finds were relatively few, and the pottery is mainly incised ware, analogous to the ‘native’ wares found at Dun Mor Vaul, Tiree.

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Najafov, Shamil N. "Necropol Gazigulu – Late Bronze–Early Iron Ages Site of the Khojaly-Gedabey Archaeological Culture in Bassin of Tovuzchay River". Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) 1, n.º 39 (25 de marzo de 2022): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24852/pa2022.1.39.118.129.

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Large-scale rescue archaeological excavations were taken during construction of Gazigulu reservoir in western part of Azerbaijan Republic in Tovuz district of Azerbaijan in 2007-2009. Necropolis of the Late Bronze – Early Iron Ages (second part II – beginning I millenniums BC) was studied there. The site belonged to Khojaly-Gedabey archaeological culture. Gazigulu necropolis is situated at the plain, at the left bank of Tovuzchay River (the right inflow of Kura River). In total 18 burials were excavated at Gazigulu necropolis including 16 burials, which were identified as the graves with stone floors mound, another two burials were simple earth graves. The skeletons were buried in crouched / strong crouched position at left or right sides. Archaeological materials mainly,consist from the different types of ceramic vessels, metal wares and adornment. According to the author's definition, the Gazigulu burial rite was identical to the common burial traditions of population of the region during the period under study.

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Nikitenko, I., O. Starik y M. Kutsevol. "RESULTS OF A PETROGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE BRONZE AGE CASTING MOLDS FINDS". Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, n.º 2 (89) (2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.89.04.

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The present article is devoted to the mineralogical and petrographic research of raw materials of the collection of casting molds of the Bronze Age, found by the expedition of Dnipropetrovsk National Historical Museum named after D.I. Yavornytskyi during the excavations of the archaeological monument of Tokivske-1, located near the village Tokivske of Apostolove Rayon, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The finding of casting molds is of great importance, since it can be the evidence of bronze foundry production existence in the territory of the monument, which until now was regarded only as a megalithic place of worship. Provenance determination of the raw materials of casting molds can help to identify the role of Tokivske-1 in the system of metalworking cells of the Sabatynivska culture time (XVI–XIII centuries BC) and to establish its links with the ancient centers of mining of stone raw materials. According to previous petrographic studies, it is known that stone molds were made mainly of talc-chlorite-tremolite schists, since this material was easily processed and could withstand more castings than clay molds. Because of this, stone casting molds were highly valued, as well as bronze wares and ingots, and were transported over long distances. The purpose of the study was to establish links between the archaeological monument of Tokivske-1 and known mining and metallurgical centers of the Bronze Age, on the basis of mineralogical and petrographic research of raw materials of casting molds. As a result of the study of samples in thin sections and by X-ray diffraction analysis, it was established that the stone molds were mainly made of tremolite-chlorite-anthophyllite meta-ultrabazites. The determination of the origin of the rocks from which the casting molds were made was carried out by comparing their mineralogical and petrographic features with the features of similar rocks that form natural outcrops, as described in geological survey reports and literary data, and as observed by us in rock samples from natural outcrops in the Middle Dnipro and the Azov Sea areas. It was ascertained that the rocks from which all the casting molds of the collection were made do not form natural outcrops in the Middle Dnipro area and are not characteristic of the Kryvyi Rih area, which is considered to be the main center of raw materials extraction for the stone foundry forms of the Late Bronze Age on the territory of Ukraine. It was established that such rocks are more characteristic of the Western Azov Sea area, but one can not exclude another source of raw materials of the mold collection, in particular the Southern Urals, where bronze metallurgy was significantly developed and similar stone matrices were used. The obtained results suggest revision of established ideas on sources of supply of stone raw materials during the late Bronze Age.

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Fischer, Peter M., Teresa Bürge, L. Franz y R. Feldbacher. "The New Swedish Cyprus Expedition 2011. Excavations at Hala Sultan Tekke. Preliminary results". Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 5 (noviembre de 2012): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-05-04.

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The main objective of the excavations of the Late Cypriote city of Hala Sultan Tekke is the investigation and determination of the complete occupational sequence of the pre-12th century levels. The groundpenetrating radar survey (GPR) led to the discovery and excavation of numerous rooms of a large Late Cypriote complex. During the second year of excavations at the site the expedition exposed a third phase of occupation (Stratum 3). A Stratum 2 compound, with extraordinarily wide walls was uncovered in the eastern part of the excavations. Intact vessels include Base-ring I and II, and White Painted VI, and Late Helladic imports. Other wares include: White Painted Pendant/Cross Line Style, Red-on-Black/Red, Bichrome Wheel-made, White Slip I and II, Monochrome, Base-ring I and II, Red Lustrous Wheel-made, White Painted/Plain-White Wheel-made, and White Shaved. Unique discoveries amongst the small finds are a haematite cylinder seal and a stone pendant figurine. The numerous tools related to textile production point to the manufacture of fabric on a larger scale.

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Tamarkin, Elisa. "The Chestnuts of Edwin Austin Abbey: History Painting and the Transference of Culture in Turn–of–the–Century America". Prospects 24 (octubre de 1999): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300000442.

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When edwin austin abbey, with eleven other artists and all the ritual of a new male order — round table, cob pipes, stone bottles of cider — founded the Tile Club in 1877, his sobriquet was “The Chestnut.” If not boating down the Erie Canal or on holiday in Easthampton, the men would make tiles for the home, ceramic wares of Shakespeare or rustics and florals, in the style of William Morris and his decorative arts. Twenty years before Charles Eliot Norton's Society of Arts and Crafts, such Tilers as Abbey, Augustus Saint–Gaudens, and Elihu Vedder would draw on the same crafts ideal, namely, an aesthetic for hard work and the “simple” productions of artisanal labor as an antidote to urban luxury. The club would find in guild fraternalism a weekly hobby, twelve men with sardines and crackers, noms de plume and seals, to revive a handicraft seen as both republican in its ethic and fashionably medieval. If modern life meant the enervation of Veblen's foppish and leisured class, the Tile Club was an authentically male pastime.

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Ashley, Keith, Neill J. Wallis y Michael D. Glascock. "Forager Interactions on the Edge of the Early Mississippian World: Neutron Activation Analysis of Ocmulgee and St. Johns Pottery". American Antiquity 80, n.º 2 (abril de 2015): 290–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.80.2.290.

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This study integrates disparate geographical areas of the American Southeast to show how studies of Early Mississippian (A.D. 900-1250) interactions can benefit from a multiscalar approach. Rather than focus on contact and exchanges between farming communities, as is the case with most Mississippian interaction studies, we turn our attention to social relations between village-dwelling St. Johns II fisher-hunter-gatherers of northeastern Florida and more mobile Ocmulgee foragers of southern-central Georgia; non-neighboring groups situated beyond and within the southeastern edge of the Mississippian world, respectively. We draw upon neutron activation analysis data to document the presence of both imported and locally produced Ocmulgee Cordmarked wares in St. Johns II domestic and ritual contexts. Establishing social relations with Ocmulgee households or kin groups through exchange and perhaps marriage would have facilitated St. Johns II access into the Early Mississippian world and enabled them to acquire the exotic copper, stone, and other minerals found in St. Johns mortuary mounds. This study underscores the multiscalarity of past societies and the importance of situating local histories in broader geographical contexts.

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Goulding, Paul, Christine Räisänen, Pia Köhlmyr, Arne Olofsson, John Brovik, Helena Bergmann, Mall Stålhammar et al. "Reviews and notices". Moderna Språk 90, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 1996): 222–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.58221/mosp.v90i2.9967.

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Includes the following reviews: p. 222. Paul Goulding. Giles, J. & Middleton, T. (eds.), Writing Englishness 1900-1950. p. 223. Christine Räisänen. McGee, A., Read to Write Well. + McGee, A., Read to Write Well Answer Key. pp. 224-235. Pia Köhlmyr. Falonius, T. & Karlsson, B., Highlights A. + Falonius, T. & Karlsson, B., Highlights of English Grammar. + Falonius, T. & Karlsson, B., Highlights B. pp. 225-226. Paul Goulding. Shakespear, W., Macbeth. pp. 226-228. Arne Olofsson. Törnqvist, L., Engelsk-svensk namnordbok. pp. 228-230. John Brovik. Stone, R., Outerbridge Reach. pp. 230-231. Helena Bergmann. Conde, M., La migration des Coeurs. p. 231. Mall Stålhammar. Translation Perspectives IX 1996: Translation Horizions. p. 232. Dan Landmark. Woolf, S., Nationalism in Europe 1815 to the present. A Reader. pp. 232-233. Pascale Voillet. Lo-Johansson, I., Peddling My Wares. pp. 233-. Ronald Paul. Hobsbawn, E., The Age of Extremes: the short twentieth century 1914-1991. pp. 235-237. Gustav Korlén. Kluge, F., Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. pp. 237-239. Lars-Olof Nyhlén. Ammon, U., Die deutsches Sprache in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. pp. 239-240. Edelgard Biedermann. Delius, F.C., Der Spaziergang von Rostock nach Syrakus. pp. 240-243. Klaus Rossenbeck. Svensson, G., Tyskland. Kalla fakta. pp. 243-244. Tom Conner. Tiersky, R., France in the New Europe. Changing yet Steadfast. pp. 244-247. Tom Conner. Porch, D., The French Secret Services. From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War.

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Schofield, John. "LONDON’S WATERFRONT 1100–1666: SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS FROM FOUR EXCAVATIONS THAT TOOK PLACE FROM 1974 TO 1984". Antiquaries Journal 99 (septiembre de 2019): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581519000131.

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The area around the north end of the medieval London Bridge in the City of London has attracted much archaeological attention. This article summarises the main findings for the period 1100–1666 from four excavations, recently published. In doing so, it explores a number of key issues: the main characteristics of this waterfront area in the medieval and Tudor periods; the sources of the pottery and artefacts incorporated into reclamation units, and any significance in their locations behind waterfront revetments or on the foreshore; what the medieval and post-medieval artefacts say about culture, fashion and religious beliefs; the functions of the buildings and open areas, and to what extent these can be linked to owners or occupiers specified in the documentary record; and how the port of London fits within its European trading network. The article also examines if and to what extent the area south of Thames Street was an industrial suburb of the medieval City. Here also lay the parish church of St Botolph Billingsgate, destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666 and not rebuilt, many details of which can be reconstructed from archaeology and rich documentary evidence. Sixty-nine human burials in the church include one of a man in his sixties who may be John Reynewell, mayor of London in 1426–7. The several thousand artefacts and several hundred kilos of English and foreign pottery (the latter now analysed into over 100 separate wares) from the four sites in the study deserve further research by scholars, who can use this article as a stepping stone into the archive held at the Museum of London.

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Vithana, Hela Vidura, Richard Robert Simons y Martin Hyde. "FLOW VISUALISATION AROUND A SOLID SPHERE ON A ROUGH BED UNDER REGULAR WAVES". Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, n.º 33 (15 de diciembre de 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.waves.32.

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Flow visualization using Volumetric Three-component Velocimetry (V3V) was carried out during laboratory tests to determine threshold shear stress and forces on idealized spherical stones. Incipient motion tests consisted of light weight spherical particles of specific gravity=1.19-2.65 and diameter=9.6mm-31.8mm. In-line and uplift forces on a 50mm sphere sitting on a rough bed of similar spheres were measured using pressure transducers linked to tappings on the sphere surface. It was found that the Shields critical shear stress and stone protrusion has an exponential relationship. At an exposure of 0.2d and less, bed protection is remarkably stable. Incipient motion data for currents are applicable for waves when the flow is fully developed.

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Karlsson, Lars, Jesper Blid y Olivier Henry. "Labraunda 2008. A preliminary report on the Swedish excavations". Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 2 (noviembre de 2009): 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-02-04.

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The Swedish archaeological project at the Karian sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos celebrated, in 2008, sixty years of work. The year 2008 was very special, both because of these celebrations, but also because of the important finds that came to light during the excavation of the unusual Roman bath that was discovered in 2007. It is built in the shape of a four-leaf clover (the so-called Tetraconch), and can be dated to the first half of the fourth century AD. A large amount of finds were discovered, including superb pieces of plates in African Red Slip and Late Roman C wares, a water flask, and coloured marble pieces. In the necropolis, we excavated another 19 rock-cut tombs. The finds from these include a golden ring with a cornelian stone and 22 gold appliqués in the shape of rosettes and palmettes. The appliqués had four holes to fasten them to the drapery of the deceased. They are very similar to appliqués found in the burial chamber of the Maussolleion in Halikarnassos. Two coins from before 350 BC show that the burial belongs in the early Hekatomnid period. In the excavations at the Acropolis Fortress Byzantine structures, possibly barracks, dated by the glazed Byzantine pottery to the period between the 11th and the 13th centuries were discovered. At the bottom of the trench there was a wall belonging to fourth-century BC Hekatomnid buildings. As every year, time and work were spent on architectural conservation and measures to increase the value of the site for visitors: a roof was erected over the Roman bath, a new wooden fence built at the entrance to the site, new metal shelves were installed in the storerooms, and finally, a re-excavation of the monumental original staircase up to the Built Tomb was initiated.

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Rai, Mrigendra Kumar y Vinod Kumar. "Incidence of Choledocholithiasis in Gallstone Disease in Eastern Zone of India: A Single Centre Study". International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 6, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2017): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ijmds/2017/18800.

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Background: Common bile duct stones are found in 10-15% of patients having gall stone disease and the incidence increases with the age, both in India and in western countries and the majority of common bile duct stones are secondary to gall bladder stones, their incidence is more in Northern India.Objective: To study the incidence of common bile duct stone in patients having gall stone disease in tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 125 patients admitted in different wards of the department of surgery on the basis of symptoms and signs of gall stone disease and latter on trans-abdominal ultrasound and MRCP confirmed that 18.4% of total patients having also choledocholithiasis.Result: Incidence of choledocholithiasis was 18.4% in patients having gall stone disease. It was 3 times more common in females. Maximum incidence 35% in between 40-49 years, obese (52%) and middle socio-economic group (74%).Conclusion: Incidence of choledocholithiasis is in increasing trend and is more common in females in between 40-49 years age group. Obesity is the commonest risk factor.

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Edwards, Nancy. "Early-Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales: Context and Function". Medieval Archaeology 45, n.º 1 (junio de 2001): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/med.2001.45.1.15.

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Leung, Derek D. V. y Andrew M. McDonald. "Taking Rocks for Granite: An Integrated Geological, Mineralogical, and Textural Study of Curling Stones Used in International Competition". Canadian Mineralogist 60, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3749/canmin.2100052.

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ABSTRACT The duopoly of curling stone sources suitable for international competition (Ailsa Craig, Firth of Clyde, Scotland and Trefor, Llŷn Peninsula, North Wales) has led to a long-held paradigm that the rocks from these localities are geologically unique. To evaluate this paradigm, we provide the first comprehensive, detailed analyses of the geological, mineralogical, and textural properties of curling stones, with a focus on three main areas: (1) the collective features of all curling stone lithologies, (2) the differences among the lithologies used for running bands versus striking bands, and (3) the presence of quartz, whose brittleness was previously considered to be undesirable in curling stones. The four curling stone varieties from the two localities (Ailsa Craig Blue Hone, Ailsa Craig Common Green, Blue Trefor, and Red Trefor) were analyzed using petrography, scanning electron microscopy, digital image analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and normative mineralogy, with the following results: The curling stone varieties that are suitable for international competition can be broadly characterized as fine- to medium-grained, sparsely porphyritic to glomeroporphyritic, weakly to moderately altered, massive to weakly foliated, Phanerozoic granitoids (sensu lato). All four varieties are composed of feldspar (65–80 mod.%, with albite being the dominant component) and quartz (15–25 mod.%), along with mafic and accessory minerals (5–20 mod.%). The Ailsa Craig suite is classified as alkali feldspar quartz syenite, whereas the Trefor suite ranges from quartz monzogabbro (Blue Trefor) to granodiorite-granite (Red Trefor). None are strictly classified as granite.Predominantly equigranular textures are preferred for running bands (Ailsa Craig Blue Hone), whereas seriate to glomeroporphyritic textures are preferred for striking bands (Ailsa Craig Common Green, Blue Trefor, and Red Trefor). These are consistent with observations of used curling stones: pitting adversely affects larger grains in the running band, whereas a wider grain-size distribution correlates with fewer crescent-shaped fractures in the striking band.The appreciable abundance of unstrained, interstitial quartz (15–25 mod.%) in all curling stone samples challenges the longstanding belief of its absence and undesirability in curling stones. The degree of strain in quartz is likely to be a key criterion for selecting prospective curling stone materials. In conclusion, none of the examined characteristics of curling stones are unique in comparison to granitoids worldwide.

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Campbell, E. "A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales. Volume II: South-West Wales". English Historical Review CXXIV, n.º 509 (16 de julio de 2009): 916–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cep167.

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Babic, Darko, Stefano Bassoli, Mario Casartelli, Franco Cataldo, Ante Grao Vac, Ottorino Ori y Bryant York. "Generalized Stone-Wales Transformations". Molecular Simulation 14, n.º 6 (junio de 1995): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927029508022032.

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Voznyakovskii, Alexander, Anna Neverovskaya, Aleksei Vozniakovskii y Sergey Kidalov. "A Quantitative Chemical Method for Determining the Surface Concentration of Stone–Wales Defects for 1D and 2D Carbon Nanomaterials". Nanomaterials 12, n.º 5 (7 de marzo de 2022): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050883.

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A quantitative method is proposed to determine Stone–Wales defects for 1D and 2D carbon nanostructures. The technique is based on the diene synthesis reaction (Diels–Alder reaction). The proposed method was used to determine Stone–Wales defects in the few-layer graphene (FLG) nanostructures synthesized by the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) process in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) synthesized based on the method of Hammers and in the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) TUBAL trademark, Russia. Our research has shown that the structure of FLG is free of Stone–Wales defects, while the surface concentration of Stone–Wales defects in TUBAL carbon nanotubes is 1.1 × 10−5 mol/m2 and 3.6 × 10−5 mol/m2 for rGO.

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Alder, Roger W. y Jeremy N. Harvey. "Radical-Promoted Stone−Wales Rearrangements". Journal of the American Chemical Society 126, n.º 8 (marzo de 2004): 2490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja039389r.

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Mogylov, O. D., K. I. Panchenko y S. V. Rudenko. "THE BARROW OF THE EARLY IRON AGE NEAR MOTRONYN HILLFORT". Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 41, n.º 4 (17 de noviembre de 2021): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.04.05.

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In 2019, the Scythian Right-bank expedition organized by the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the National Historical and Cultural Reserve «Chyhyryn» excavated the barrows on the Motronyn hillfort suburb, located near Melnyky village, Chyhyryn district, Cherkasy Region, in the south of the Forest-Steppe of Dnieper Right-bank area. The barrows were erected in pre-Scythian Age and the barrow 97 also contained the inlet Scythian burial. This mound was 0.65 m high, the diameter was 8.8—9.8 m. A pre-Scythian burial-memorial complex was discovered under the mound, destroyed by a later burial. Finds from it are represented by fragments of ceramic ware: pots, large earthenware pots, bowls, ladles. Some fragments are decorated with geometric patterns. Ceramic spindle whorls, iron knives, bronze arrowheads, plaques, and animal bones were also found. During the Middle Scythian period another deceased was buried in the center of the mound. The tomb had the shape of a rectangular pit, oriented along the west — east line. Its length was 1.89—2.16 m, width — 0.7—0.82 m, depth from the surface of the mound — 1.45 m. The skeleton laid supine, with its head to the west. The left leg was lying on a stone slab. A quiver with arrows was placed next to it. An iron sword and a knife with a bone handle were found near the belt. This burial was also accompanied with the laying of wares in the mound borders. A pot was buried in the north, and handmade and wheel-made bowls in the east. Pre-Scythian finds from the mound have analogies in different regions of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe where antiquities of the Late Chornoliska and Zhabotyn cultures are widespread, in particular on the Middle Dniester and in the Southern Bug River region, on the Right-bank of the Dnieper and in the Vorskla River region. A set of pottery and an arrowhead of the Novocherkassk type allows us to date the mentioned assemblage by the second half of the 8th century BC. Funeral rite and grave goods of the Scythian Age burial also have parallels in the sites of that time, including the south of the Right-bank of Middle Dnieper. According to the pot type and arrowheads, this burial can be dated to the second half of the 6th century BC.

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25

Grishakov, Konstantin S., Konstantin P. Katin y Mikhail M. Maslov. "Theoretical Studies of the Stone-Wales Defect in C36 Fullerene Embedded inside Zigzag Carbon Nanotube". Advances in Physical Chemistry 2016 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1862959.

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We apply density functional theory at PBE/6-311G(d) level as well as nonorthogonal tight-binding model to study the Stone-Wales transformation in C36 fullerene embedded inside the (14,0) zigzag carbon nanotube. We optimize geometries of two different isomers with the D2d and the D6h symmetries and the transition state dividing them. The mechanism of Stone-Wales transformation from D2d to D6h symmetry for the encapsulated C36 is calculated to be the same as for the isolated one. It is found that the outer carbon wall significantly stabilizes the D6h isomer. However, carbon nanotube reduces the activation barrier of Stone-Wales rearrangement by 0.4 eV compared with the corresponding value for the isolated C36.

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26

Søvsø, Mette Højmark, Anne Juul Jensen y Michael Neiß. "Støbeforme af sten fra middelalderen – Massefremstilling af metalgenstande til verdslig og religiøs brug i Ribe". Kuml 64, n.º 64 (31 de octubre de 2015): 201–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kuml.v64i64.24221.

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Medieval stone moulds – mass-production of metal objects for secular and religious use in RibeThe Museum of Southwest Jutland’s collection contains seven fragments of High Medieval metal-casting moulds of stone, all found during construction works and archaeological excavations in Ribe (figs. 1 and 5). These moulds constitute a relatively rare artefact type in Denmark and the examples from Ribe differ from those found in the rest of the country (figs. 2-4). Five of the moulds were recovered in the vicinity of the cathedral, suggesting that it was in this area that metal casting, and perhaps also sale of the finished products, took place.The moulds are all in the form of fragments, but they contain a great deal of information with respect to the production techniques, craftsmanship and artefact types of the period. They are all made of limestone, which must have been imported to Ribe, but perhaps also arrived in the form of finished products. This is hinted at by the major differences in the quality of their execution as well as the existence of some very close foreign parallels to the more spectacular and complicated pieces. Comparisons with other finds, coupled with X-ray analyses, suggest that the moulds were used to cast objects of lead/tin alloy. These mould types and metal types are a reflection of the mass-production of small objects that developed in the High and Late Middle Ages; a phenomenon that is documented in written sources, supported by the large number of artefacts surviving from this period.The artefacts cast in the moulds fall into the category of small objects intended for personal use: costume accessories and ornaments as well as objects with religious/magical symbolism and application (figs. 9-16).The demand for mass-produced objects included both costume accessories and ornaments intended to be sewn on to clothing, as well as other small objects with either a secular or religious iconography or function.Compared to the rest of Denmark, Ribe has yielded a relatively large number of Medieval stone moulds. However, relative to similar records from elsewhere in northern Europe, the finds from Ribe are rather modest, both in number and in quality. Nevertheless, they bear witness to Ribe’s strong contacts and exchange network with Medieval towns across northern Europe and to the everyday objects and religious accessories that had the same form across a vast area.The finding of mould fragments in Ribe shows that here, as in other European Medieval towns, there were also mass-produced secular personal items as well as objects for religious use. Recent excavations in the town have been responsible for the recovery of half the (stone) mould fragments found in the museum’s collection. This is due partly to the application of sieving as an excavation method and perhaps also to the fact that the area around the cathedral, the location of the excavations of recent years, was where the metal casters plied their trade. Perhaps they sold their wares here too, either from their workshops or from stalls on the market, Fisketorvet, which lay directly east of the cathedral. Written sources from pilgrimage sites around Europe document the sale of both religious equipment and other items in the close vicinity of churches, which were places that attracted large numbers of visitors. The fact that so many fragments have been recovered during the excavations here possibly means that many more than have been recovered to date lie concealed in the area, and the present finds provide just a hint of the metal-casting activities that took place here in the High Middle Ages.The limestone used to make the moulds must have been imported to Ribe. Whether this represented a by-product or reuse of imported building materials, actual minor import of stone or perhaps material brought to Ribe by non-local craftsmen is impossible to say. From the moulds’ motifs it can be seen that the quality of the finished products varied immensely. Some of the carvings are very beautifully executed, for example those for the openwork spherical object and the ampoule, while those for the costume accessories and other items appear much coarser and more carelessly made. The latter could though, in some cases, represent worn-out moulds or practice pieces. The mould for the spherical object has a close parallel in a find from Magdeburg, prompting speculation about whether some of the finest moulds could have been imported from much more skilled and highly-specialised workshops located in the major towns and cities of Europe.There are already a number of finds of Medieval metal costume accessories and ornaments, but the local production of these items has not previously been demonstrated. One of the most interesting aspects is the local production of religious equipment in Ribe. The manufacture of ampoules to hold sacred fluids, a pan-European phenomenon associated with pilgrimages and pilgrimage sites, raises questions about whether these ampoules were sold as pilgrim souvenirs in Ribe and what the nature was of the sacred fluid with which they were filled. Or were they sold to pilgrims who were on their way out into Europe, so they could fill them with sacred fluid on reaching their destination?The relatively large number of mould fragments from Ribe must reflect the town’s international contacts and orientation at this time, with strong cultural contacts and exchange networks involving other north European towns. However, the state of preservation of the cultural deposits and the archaeological methods applied in their excavation has also played a role. For the purposes of comparison, an earlier discovery of a metal workshop in Aalborg shows, in terms of date and repertoire, great similarity to the finds from Ribe. Perhaps this range of small personal objects was something that was manufactured in every Medieval town with respect for itself, even though no major traces of this craft survive.Mette Højmark SøvsøSydvestjyske MuseerAnne Juul JensenSyddansk UniversitetMichael NeißUppsala Universitet

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Openov, L. A. y A. I. Podlivaev. "Various Stone–Wales defects in phagraphene". Physics of the Solid State 58, n.º 8 (agosto de 2016): 1705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783416080229.

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[Obar]sawa, Eiji y Kazuhiko Honda. "Stone-Wales Rearrangements Involving Heptagonal Defects". Fullerene Science and Technology 4, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1996): 939–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641229608001154.

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29

Austin, S. J., P. W. Fowler, D. E. Manolopoulos y F. Zerbetto. "The Stone-Wales map for C60". Chemical Physics Letters 235, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 1995): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(95)00082-f.

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30

Hyun, Jong Chan, Yeonhua Choi y Young Soo Yun. "Carbon/Pyropolymer-based Electrode Materials for Alkali Ion Storage". Ceramist 25, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2022): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2022.25.1.01.

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Carbon materials have large numbers of redox-active sites for alkali-ion storage, such as Stone-Wales, vacancy, edge, and pseudo-edge defect sites as well as extrinsic defects. The topological defects can be a redox host in anodic voltage regions, while the extrinsic defects can store alkali ions in a cathodic voltage range. Therefore, carbon materials can be a great candidate for both anode and cathode for alkali ion batteries. In this study, alkali ion storage behaviors of different carbon materials, highly defective graphene-based nanosheet (GNS), well-ordered graphite nanoplate (GNP), hard carbon series samples, and nanoporous pyropolymers which are a kind of carbon materials including numerous defects, are reviewed, and their potentials as both anode and cathode for alkali ion batteries are discussed.

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31

Edwards, Nancy. "Edward Lhuyd and the Origins of Early Medieval Celtic Archaeology". Antiquaries Journal 87 (septiembre de 2007): 165–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500000883.

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The Welshman Edward Lhuyd (?1659/60–1709), Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, was a naturalist, philologist and antiquarian. He wrote the Welsh additions to Camden's Britannia (1695) and undertook extensive research for an Archaeologia Britannica. He was part of the scientific revolution centred on the Royal Society and was influenced by the flowering of Anglo-Saxon studies in late seventeenth-century Oxford. Although many of his papers were destroyed, sufficient evidence survives to assess his methodology for recording early medieval antiquities – particularly inscribed stones and stone sculpture in Wales and other Celtic areas – as well as his analysis of them. His legacy is of considerable importance and he may be regarded as the founding father of early medieval Celtic archaeology.

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32

Dyachkov, Serhiy. "Chersonesos “Barracks”: A Large Urban Estate of the 1st - 3rd Centuries AD". Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. Series: History, n.º 60 (10 de diciembre de 2021): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2220-7929-2021-60-06.

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In 1993-1999, a joint expedition of Kharkiv State University and the Tauric Chersonesos National Preserve carried out a study of the “barracks” — an extensive architectural and archaeological complex within the boundaries of the Chersonesos city-site. This group of buildings and other structures with a total area of over 500 square meters is located near a 4th-century BC city gate and the sixteenth curtain wall. In the first centuries AD, a large economic and residential complex arose and functioned here. The area of the “Barracks Center” and Room 38 accommodated an atrium. Production facilities were located in the northern and eastern part of the “barracks” on the site of medieval rooms. In Roman times, two cisterns were cut into the rock on the site of Rooms 35 and 36, and a press platform with a large lever stone was constructed. Thus, the structural remains, stratigraphic features, and artifacts found in the area of Rooms 35 and 36 all indicate that a fairly powerful winery operated in the northern part of the “barracks” during the 1st to 3rd centuries. The filling of the winery cisterns yielded a rich collection of red-lacquered pottery of the 1st to 3rd centuries, which is extremely rarely found in such amounts in the complexes of Chersonesos. The finds illustrate the great diversity of ceramic wares used in Chersonesos. Imported vessels predominate. Fragments of an oinophore from the city of Knidus in Asia Minor, for example, are of considerable interest. Most similar oinophores from the Eastern Mediterranean date to the 2nd century AD, as do most of the ceramic imports from Knidus to the Northern Black Sea coast. Epigraphic and anepigraphic stamps on red slip plates represent a special subset of finds. In Roman times, the estate included a home sanctuary. This is evidenced by the finds of a fluted limestone column, a damaged female sculpture, fragments of a frieze-free entablature, and copious remnants of polychrome plaster. Rare finds include a ring with a gem of Athena and an elegant miniature pendant made of Egyptian faience, which depicts Cybele or Isis on a throne. Excavations of the “barracks” show that in the first centuries AD there was a significant change in the functional purpose of the port area of Chersonesos. Numerous immigrants from the Balkan and Anatolian provinces of the Roman Empire appeared among the city’s inhabitants. The changes in the social and ethnic makeup of the local population should be connected with the prolonged presence of a Roman garrison in the city citadel.

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33

Raghuwanshi, Brijendra Singh, Sandeep Jain, Mahendra Damor y Naveen Kumar Patbamniya. "Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in cases of cholelithiasis". International Surgery Journal 5, n.º 1 (26 de diciembre de 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175524.

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Background: This prospective study was carried out to analyse the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients of gall stones.Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the Gandhi Medical College and associated Hamidia Hospital Bhopal from 2015 to 2016. Data was collected from patients who were admitted in surgical wards, with a provisional diagnosis of cholelithiasis. Patient was diagnosed cholelithiasis on abdominal ultrasonography and was tested for having subclinical hypothyroidism by testing fasting blood samples for serum TSH.Results: A total of 50 patients of cholelithiasis were included in present study. Females were 42 out of 50 (84%) and males were 8 out of 50 (16%). Most common age group was 41-50 (36%) correct (insignificant at p<0.05). 12 (24%) out 50 patients were hypothyroid. Out of total 42 females 11(26.19 %) were hypothyroid (insignificant at p<0.05). All stones in hypothyroidism patients were >1cm and overall 58% stones were >1cm (statically significant P<0.05). 03 out of 12 hypothyroidisms (25%) patient had single stones while 9 (75%) patient have multiple stone (statically significant P value <0.05). In hypothyroid cases most stones were of cholesterol type (58%) (Statically significant at P value≤0.05).Conclusions: Early diagnosis of hypothyroid state at subclinical level by monitoring TSH level so that they can be treated at early stages and burden of Cholelithiasis thus can be prevented.

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Kum, Francesca, Wasim Mahmalji, Jemma Hale, Kay Thomas, Matthew Bultitude y Jonathan Glass. "Do stones still kill? An analysis of death from stone disease 1999-2013 in England and Wales". BJU International 118, n.º 1 (12 de febrero de 2016): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bju.13409.

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Thorpe, Richard S., Olwen Williams-Thorpe, D. Graham Jenkins, J. S. Watson, R. A. Ixer y R. G. Thomas. "The Geological Sources and Transport of the Bluestones of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 57, n.º 2 (1991): 103–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00004527.

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Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain is one of the most impressive British prehistoric(c.3000–1500 BC) monuments. It is dominated by large upright sarsen stones, some of which are joined by lintels. While these stones are of relatively local derivation, some of the stone settings, termed bluestones, are composed of igneous and minor sedimentary rocks which are foreign to the solid geology of Salisbury Plain and must have been transported to their present location. Following the proposal of an origin in south-west Wales, debate has focused on hypotheses of natural transport by glacial processes, or transport by human agency. This paper reports the results of a programme of sampling and chemical analysis of Stonehenge bluestones and proposed source outcrops in Wales.Analysis by X-ray-fluorescence of fifteen monolith samples and twenty-two excavated fragments from Stonehenge indicate that the dolerites originated at three sources in a small area in the eastern Preseli Hills, and that the rhyolite monoliths derive from four sources including northern Preseli and other (unidentified) locations in Pembrokeshire, perhaps on the north Pembrokeshire coast. Rhyolite fragments derive from four outcrops (including only one of the monolith sources) over a distance of at least 10 km within Preseli. The Altar Stone and a sandstone fragment (excavated at Stonehenge) are from two sources within the Palaeozoic of south-west Wales. This variety of source suggests that the monoliths were taken from a glacially-mixed deposit, not carefully selected from anin situsource. We then consider whether prehistoric man collected the bluestones from such a deposit in south Wales or whether glacial action could have transported bluestone boulders onto Salisbury Plain. Glacial erratics deposited in south Dyfed (dolerites chemically identical to Stonehenge dolerite monoliths), near Cardiff, on Flatholm and near Bristol indicate glacial action at least as far as the Avon area. There is an apparent absence of erratics east of here, with the possible exception of the Boles Barrow boulder, which may predate the Stonehenge bluestones by as much as 1000 years, and which derived from the same Preseli source as two of the Stonehenge monoliths. However, 18th-century geological accounts describe intensive agricultural clearance of glacial boulders, including igneous rocks, on Salisbury Plain, and contemporary practice was of burial of such boulders in pits. Such erratics could have been transported as ‘free boulders’ from ‘nunataks’ on the top of an extensive, perhaps Anglian or earlier, glacier some 400,000 years ago or more, leaving no trace of fine glacial material in present river gravels. Erratics may be deposited at the margins of ice-sheets in small groups at irregular intervals and with gaps of several kilometres between individual boulders.‘Bluestone’ fragments are frequently reported on and near Salisbury Plain in archaeological literature, and include a wide range of rock types from monuments of widely differing types and dates, and pieces not directly associated with archaeological structures. Examination of prehistoric stone monuments in south Wales shows no preference for bluestones in this area. The monoliths at Stonehenge include some structurally poor rock types, now completely eroded above ground. We conclude that the builders of the bluestone structures at Stonehenge utilized a heterogeneous deposit of glacial boulders readily available on Salisbury Plain. Remaining erratics are now seen as small fragments sometimes incorporated in a variety of archaeological sites, while others were destroyed and removed in the 18th century. The bluestones were transported to Salisbury Plain from varied sources in south Wales by a glacier rather than human activity.

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Zhang, Hong-ping, Xiao-yan Lin, Xiong Lu, Zhenming Wang, Liming Fang y Youhong Tang. "Understanding the interfacial interactions between dopamine and different graphenes for biomedical materials". Materials Chemistry Frontiers 1, n.º 6 (2017): 1156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6qm00300a.

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WILLIAMS, HOWARD. "A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales. Volume I: South-East Wales and the English Border - By M. Redknap and J.M. Lewis; A Corpus of Early Medieval Inscribed Stones and Stone Sculpture in Wales. Volume II: South-West Wal". Early Medieval Europe 19, n.º 2 (20 de abril de 2011): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0254.2011.00319_8.x.

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38

Mahboob, Monon y M. Zahabul Islam. "Effect of Vacancy and Stone-Wales Defects on the Shear Strength of Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Interfaces". Advanced Materials Research 970 (junio de 2014): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.263.

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In the present study interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their composite with different types of defects are calculated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Although single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) are found to have ultra-high stiffness and strength, an enormous scatter is also observed in available experimental results due to the presence of nanoscale defects such as vacancy and Stone-Wales defects. The current paper investigates the influences of Stone-Wales (S-W) and vacancy defects on the mechanical properties of composites containing defective CNTs.

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39

Muhammad Saleem Sheikh, Asim Shafique, Muhammad Hassan Nisar, Muhammad Sharif Shaid, Shahlla Majeed y Munaza Saleem. "ENT manifestations of Kala Pathar poisoning; An experience at Nishter Hospital, Multan, Pakistan." Professional Medical Journal 29, n.º 10 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 1590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2022.29.10.4196.

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Objective: To know the demographic representation along with possible ENT manifestations of Black Stone Poisoning. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Emergency and Wards in Nishtar Hospital Multan. Period: April 2018 to December 2018. Material & Methods: The study was executed in total of 156 Patients with history of Black stone ingestion in Emergency and wards in Nishtar Hospital Multan. All included patients were having history of black stone ingestion along with ENT complications following black stone intake. All cases were excluded who were dead or unresponsive. Results: Most of the cases, 119 (76.3%) were females, between the age group of 11-20 years (41.66%) and 129 (82.7%) belonged to rural areas. Out of 156 subjects, 137 (87.8%) ingested black stone with intentions of suicide. It was noted that 102 (74.4%) patients ingested black stone due to family related issues. Most common ENT manifestations were hoarseness of voice in 149 (95.5%), uvula and pillars edema in 143 (91.7%), tongue edema in 140 (89.7%) and neck swelling in 131 (84.0%). Conclusion: Women more than men, young people more than any of the other ages, rural population more than urban and people living in stressful environment are prone to Black stone ingestion. Lips and tongue edema, neck swelling, odynophagia, vestibulitis, limited mouth opening, ulceration of buccal and nasal mucosa and epistaxis are the commonest ENT manifestations of black stone poisoning.

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40

Опенов, Л. А. y А. И. Подливаев. "Влияние адсорбции водорода на трансформацию Стоуна- Уэльса в углеродных нанотрубках малого диаметра". Физика твердого тела 60, n.º 4 (2018): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.04.45695.302.

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AbstractThe effect of hydrogenation of (4, 0) and (3, 0) carbon nanotubes on the Stone–Wales transformation is studied in the framework of the nonorthogonal tight-binding model. It is shown that the atomic hydrogen adsorption can lead to both a decrease and an increase in the barriers for the direct and inverse transformations depending on the orientation of a rotating C–C bond with respect to the nanotube axis. The characteristic times of formation and annealing the Stone–Wales defects have been estimated. The Young’s moduli have been calculated.

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41

PRASAD, MATUKUMILLI V. D. y BAIDURYA BHATTACHARYA. "MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED OSCILLATORS HAVING TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS". International Journal of Nanoscience 10, n.º 01n02 (febrero de 2011): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11008009.

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Effect of vacancy and Stone–Wales defects on the oscillatory behavior of (5,5)/(10,10) carbon nanotube-based oscillator are studied using NVE molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that defects reduce stability of the oscillators. Effect of single vacancy defect on stability is very small, whereas Stone–Wales defect considerably reduces the stability thereby damping the oscillations quickly. Further increase in density of vacancy defects causes a monotonic decrease of stability of oscillator. In all cases the initial temperature (1 and 300 K) had almost no effect on the oscillation stability.

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42

Fowler, Patrick W. y Jon Baker. "Energetics of the Stone–Wales pyracylene transformation". J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, n.º 10 (1992): 1665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p29920001665.

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43

Song, J., H. Jiang, J. Wu, Y. Huang y K. C. Hwang. "Stone–Wales transformation in boron nitride nanotubes". Scripta Materialia 57, n.º 7 (octubre de 2007): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2007.06.027.

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44

Podlivaev, A. I. y L. A. Openov. "Stone-Wales transformation paths in fullerene C60". Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters 81, n.º 10 (mayo de 2005): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1996764.

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45

Ernst, Gerald, Lutz Nasdala y Heinrich Rothert. "Simulation von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren mit Stone-Wales Defekten". PAMM 5, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2005): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200510124.

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46

Anić, Aleksandra y Zorica Mladenović. "Unemployment rate dynamics in small open economy: The case of Serbia". Industrija 48, n.º 4 (2020): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija48-29763.

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Dynamic relationship among unemployment rate and key macroeconomic variables is explored for the Serbian economy that has been characterized by high unemployment rates since the outcome of the Great Recession. This analysis reveals how effective policy measures can be in reducing unemployment rate. Cointegrated vector autoregressive model is employed for the period 2014-2019. Prior to multivariate dynamic modelling, the validity of hysteresis hypothesis for unemployment rate is assessed. Obtained results show significant negative long-run effect of real wages on unemployment rate, and positive long-run effect of real effective exchange rate appreciation on real wages. For further reduction of unemployment rate demand-side measures should be employed.

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47

Campisi, Dario y Alessandra Candian. "Do defects in PAHs promote catalytic activity in space? Stone–Wales pyrene as a test case". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, n.º 12 (2020): 6738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp06523g.

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48

Wang, Min, Yu Chen Wang, Hai Xing Zhao y Si Xing Song. "Optical properties of armchair graphene nanoribbons with Stone–Wales defects and hydrogenation on the defects". RSC Advances 5, n.º 84 (2015): 68722–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra08836d.

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49

Gehringer, Dominik, Thomas Dengg, Maxim N. Popov y David Holec. "Interactions between a H2 Molecule and Carbon Nanostructures: A DFT Study". C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, n.º 1 (24 de marzo de 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6010016.

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On a long path of finding appropriate materials to store hydrogen, graphene and carbon nanotubes have drawn a lot of attention as potential storage materials. Their advantages lie at hand since those materials provide a large surface area (which can be used for physisorption), are cheap compared to metal hydrides, are abundant nearly everywhere, and most importantly, can increase safety to existing storage solutions. Therefore, a great variety of theoretical studies were employed to study those materials. After a benchmark study of different van-der-Waals corrections to Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), the present Density Functional Theory (DFT) study employs Tkatchenko–Scheffler (TS) correction to study the influence of vacancy and Stone–Wales defects in graphene on the physisorption of the hydrogen molecule. Furthermore, we investigate a large-angle (1,0) grain boundary as well as the adsorption behaviour of Penta-Octa-Penta (POP)-graphene.

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Sabirov, Denis Sh y Ottorino Ori. "Skeletal Rearrangements of the C240 Fullerene: Efficient Topological Descriptors for Monitoring Stone–Wales Transformations". Mathematics 8, n.º 6 (12 de junio de 2020): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8060968.

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Stone–Wales rearrangements of the fullerene surface are an uncharted field in theoretical chemistry. Here, we study them on the example of the giant icosahedral fullerene C240 to demonstrate the complex chemical mechanisms emerging on its carbon skeleton. The Stone–Wales transformations of C240 can produce the defected isomers containing heptagons, extra pentagons and other unordinary rings. Their formations have been described in terms of (i) quantum-chemically calculated energetic, molecular, and geometric parameters; and (ii) topological indices. We have found the correlations between the quantities from the two sets that point out the role of long-range topological defects in governing the formation and the chemical reactivity of fullerene molecules.

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