Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Stone fruit"
Siga este enlace para ver otros tipos de publicaciones sobre el tema: Stone fruit.
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores artículos de revistas para su investigación sobre el tema "Stone fruit".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore artículos de revistas sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
1
Kuttappan, Deepa, Muhammed S. Muyyarikkandy, Elza Mathew y Mary Anne Amalaradjou. "Listeria monocytogenes Survival on Peaches and Nectarines under Conditions Simulating Commercial Stone-Fruit Packinghouse Operations". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 17 (31 de agosto de 2021): 9174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179174.
Texto completoResumen
Recent recalls of stone fruit due to potential Listeria contamination and associated foodborne outbreaks highlight the risk for pathogen transmission through stone-fruit consumption. Particularly, surface contamination of fruits increases the risk for cross-contamination of produce during processing and storage. This highlights the need for quality control in stone fruits intended for consumption. To develop effective food safety practices, it is essential to determine the critical factors during stone-fruit processing that influence Listeria survival. Therefore, this study evaluated the ability of Listeria to survive on peaches and nectarines under simulated stone-fruit loading and staging, waxing and fungicide application and storage conditions. The results of our study indicate that current stone-fruit handling conditions do not favor Listeria growth. However, once fruit is contaminated, Listeria can survive on the fruit surface in significant numbers under current processing conditions. Therefore, there is a need to develop and implement preventive controls at the stone-fruit packinghouse to prevent Listeria contamination and deter pathogen persistence.
2
Vachůn, Z. "Variability of 21 apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) cultivars and hybrids in selected traits of fruit and stone". Horticultural Science 30, No. 3 (25 de noviembre de 2011): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3868-hortsci.
Texto completoResumen
Weight, height, width and diameter of fruits and stones were evaluated in 21 apricot cultivars and hybrids in 1994–1997. Statistically significant differences between the measured values of traits confirmed their applicability for objective characterization of genotypes. The evaluated traits are genetic dispositions. It was also proved by the rank of genotypes arranged according to the values of particular traits in one year that was highly significantly identical in the other years of the evaluated period (correlation coefficient r = 0.45<sup>++</sup> to 0.87<sup>++</sup>). The relationship between fruit weight and other traits (stone weight, stone height and stone width) is not linear. Fruit weight increases (or decreases) faster towards the limit values of traits. The average percentage proportion of stone weight in fruit weight ranged from 4.9% to 9.6% in the genotypes over the period of four years. A lower proportion of stone in fruit weight is a positive trait for selection of suitable genotypes for direct consumption and flesh processing. This trait can also be a suitable criterion of genotype selection to breed cultivars with a low proportion of inedible part. Promising cultivar Lemeda is an example of the low stone proportion in flesh weight. A high level of variability was found in the values of stone and fruit weight (coefficient of variation v = 19.00% and v = 24.74%, respectively). Coefficients of variation for other traits (fruit and stone height, width and diameter) were by more than a half lower.
3
Bhoyar, Mahesh G. y Krishan Kumar. "Genetic variability among seedling origin tree population of mango (Mangifera spp.) in Himachal Pradesh, India". Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, n.º 3 (20 de septiembre de 2020): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i3.49619.
Texto completoResumen
A survey to the existing seedling origin tree population of wild Mangifera spp. was carried out at Hamirpur and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh, India. Eighty one healthy and bearing tree population originated from seedlings in the region were marked. Wide range of genetic variability in qualitative and quantitative characters were observed for fruit, stone, peel, pulp and other fruit characters. Hamirpur district exhibited a variety in quality of fruits with varied fruit shape, colour, attractiveness etc. The significant variation was observed for different fruit parameters like fruit dimensions, fruit weight, fruit volume, stone weight, stone length, of stone, stone thickness, of stone, pulp weight, peel weight, per cent of edible and nonedible portions, ratio of stone weight to pulp weight, ratio of peel weight to pulp weight, skin thickness and TSS (Total Soluble Solids). The selected genotypes could be classified into different categories based upon their utility, viz., pickle, sucking, table purposes etc.
4
Kudová, Dagmar. "Attractiveness of stone fruits production in the Czech Republic". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, n.º 3 (2010): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058030107.
Texto completoResumen
The paper deals with evaluation of attractiveness of stone fruits production in Czech Republic using the industry attractiveness evaluation matrix according to the methodology of Higgins and Vincze (1989). It was identifies the key criteria for evaluation of attractiveness, described in detail and evaluated from the viewpoint of a producer operating in the stone fruits production industry. According to the data of the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture (OTK ÚKZÚZ) for 2008, 1166 entities (companies and growers) farmed on 21 738 hectares of fruit orchards, of which 6 730 ha were aimed on stone fruit production.Total sales for the production of stone fruits decreased by 34.5 % in the period of 2004–2008. Production of stone fruit can be sold through sales co-operatives, to a fruit processing company or independently. Czech Ministry of Agriculture and the EU through the State Agricultural Intervention Fund stated a range of support programs under which it is possible to apply for funding. Attractiveness of the production of stone fruit is evaluated as below average; the result of the industry attractiveness evaluation matrix for this sector equals 1.84, which is lower than the average score of 3.00.
5
Khan, Muhammad Khalil Ullah, Noor Muhammad, Zhuolong Jia, Jianying Peng y Mengjun Liu. "Mechanism of Stone (Hardened Endocarp) Formation in Fruits: An Attempt toward Pitless Fruits, and Its Advantages and Disadvantages". Genes 13, n.º 11 (15 de noviembre de 2022): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13112123.
Texto completoResumen
Stone (hardened endocarp) has a very important role in the continuity of plant life. Nature has gifted plants with various seed protection and dispersal strategies. Stone-fruit-bearing species have evolved a unique adaptation in which the seed is encased in an extremely hard wood-like shell called the stone. The lignification of the fruit endocarp layer produces the stone, a feature that separates drupes from other plants. Stone cells emerge from parenchyma cells after programmed cell death and the deposition of cellulose and lignin in the secondary cell wall. Generally, the deposition of lignin in primary cell walls is followed by secondary thickening of cell walls to form stone cells. This review article describes the molecular mechanisms and factors that influence the production of stone in the fruit. This is the first review article that describes the molecular mechanisms regulating stone (harden endocarp) formation in fruits. This article will help breeders understand the molecular and genetic basis for the stone formation in fruit, and this could lead to new and innovative directions to breed stoneless fruit cultivars in the future.
6
Piero Cravedi, Prof. "SESSION C: STONE FRUIT - SOFT FRUIT". Acta Horticulturae, n.º 525 (marzo de 2000): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.525.44.
Texto completo
7
A. Mohamed Farook, N., G. A. Seyed Dameem, N. M. I. Alhaji, R. Sathiya, J. Muniyandi, S. Sangeetha y J. Muniyandi. "Inhibition of Mineralization of Urinary Stone Forming Minerals by Some Hills Area Fruit Juice". E-Journal of Chemistry 1, n.º 2 (2004): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/150967.
Texto completoResumen
Some hills area fruit,viz., star fruit, butter fruit, seetha fruit, and watermelon have been investigated as inhibitors in the mineralization of urinary stone forming minerals,viz., calcium phosphate, oxalate and carbonate. Inhibition efficiency has been studied in different models. Increased intake of the experimental fruits would be helpful in urinary stone proppylaxis. Most of the inhibitors have found effectively inhibit calcium phosphate and oxalate precipitation.
8
Kumar, Pradeep y V. K. Tripathi. "Correlation Studies in Ber (Ziziphus mauriatiana Lamk.) in Eastern Region of Uttar Pradesh, India". International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, n.º 3 (6 de febrero de 2024): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i34408.
Texto completoResumen
The present investigation was carried out in forty genotypes of ber at the Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (UP) from 2021–22 to 2022–23. Phenotypic correlations were worked out among eighteen characters of Ber to know the nature of the association existing among the characters. The correlation among the quantitative characters was worked out. The length of the fruit was found to be significantly and positively correlated with fruit weight (0.617**), and the width of the fruit exhibited a significant positive correlation with fruit weight (0.853**). Leaf length showed significant positive correlations with length of fruit (0.443*) and a non-significant but positive correlation with weight of fruit and width of fruit. Leaf width showed significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.794**), length of fruit (0.563**), and leaf length (0.487*). Stone weight has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.626**) and width of fruit (0.874**), and stone length has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.440*), leaf width (0.409*), and stone weight (0.584**). Stone width has shown significant positive correlations with leaf length (0.417*), leaf width (0.701**), and stone weight (0.487*). The height of the tree has shown significant positive correlations with length of fruit (0.576**), width of fruit (0.977**), stone length (0.803**), and stone width (0.628**). The stem girth also exhibited a significant positive correlation with fruit weight (0.966**), width of fruit (0.496*), leaf length (0.650**), stone weight (0.397*), and height of the tree (0.406*). Specific gravity has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.817**). leaf length (0.641**) leaf width (0.424*), stone weight (0.455*), stone length (0.417*), and stone width (0.734**).
TSS content was also found to be significantly and positively correlated with fruit weight (0.774**), leaf length (0.645**), leaf width (0.970**), stone weight (0.539**), stone length (0.425*), stone width (0.765**), stem girth (0.855**), and specific gravity (0.547**). Total acidity content in fruit was found to be significantly and positively correlated with fruit weight (0.725**), length of fruit (0.882**), width of fruit (0.948**), leaf length (0.809**), leaf width (0.989**), stone weight (0.772**), stone length (0.605**), stone width (0.892**), height of the tree (0.792**), and specific gravity (0.702**). TSS: acid ratio has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.981**), length of fruit (0.455*), width of fruit (0.963**), leaf length (0.929**), leaf width (0.854**), stone length (0.813**), stone width (0.727**), height of the tree (0.832**), stem girth (0.453*), and specific gravity (0.728** ).Reducing sugar has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.680**), leaf width (0.821**), stone length (0.835**), stone width (0.503*), height of tree (0.747**), stem girth (0.812**), and TSS acidity ratio (0.410*). Non-reducing sugar has shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.782**), length of fruit (0.999**), width of fruit (0.499*), leaf width (0.482*), stone weight (0.662**), stone length (0.399*), stone width (0.453*), specific gravity (0.488*), and TSS (0.787**). Total sugars have shown significant positive correlations with fruit weight (0.960**). length of fruit (0.412*) leaf length (0.539**), leaf width (0.710**), stone length (0.745**), stone width (0.897**), height of the tree (0.658**), stem girth (0.841**), and acidity (0.584**). Ascorbic acid has shown significant positive correlations between length of fruit (0.938**), leaf width (0.642**), stone length (0.664**), stone width (0.685**), height of tree (0.400**), and specific gravity (0.942**).
9
Cheng, Xi, Jinyun Zhang, Han Wang, Tianzhe Chen, Guohui Li, Chongchong Yan, Qing Jin, Yi Lin y Yongping Cai. "Effects of Metaxenia on Stone Cell Formation in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) Based on Transcriptomic Analysis and Functional Characterization of the Lignin-Related Gene PbC4H2". Forests 11, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010053.
Texto completoResumen
The deposition of lignin in flesh parenchyma cells for pear stone cells, and excessive stone cells reduce the taste and quality of the fruit. The effect of metaxenia on the quality of fruit has been heavily studied, but the effect of metaxenia on stone cell formation has not been fully elucidated to date. This study used P. bretschneideri (Chinese white pear) cv. ‘Yali’ (high-stone cell content) and P. pyrifolia (Sand pear) cv. ‘Cuiguan’ (low-stone cell content) as pollination trees to pollinate P. bretschneideri cv. ‘Lianglizaosu’ separately to fill this gap in the literature. The results of quantitative determination, histochemical staining and electron microscopy indicated that the content of stone cells and lignin in YL fruit (‘Yali’ (pollen parent) × ‘Lianglizaosu’ (seed parent)) was significantly higher than that in CL fruit (‘Cuiguan’ (pollen parent) × ‘Lianglizaosu’ (seed parent)). The transcriptome sequencing results that were obtained from the three developmental stages of the two types of hybrid fruits indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to auxin signal transduction (AUX/IAAs and ARFs), lignin biosynthesis, and lignin metabolism regulation (MYBs, LIMs, and KNOXs) between the CL and YL fruits at the early stage of fruit development. Therefore, metaxenia might change the signal transduction process of auxin in pear fruit, thereby regulating the expression of transcription factors (TFs) related to lignin metabolism, and ultimately affecting lignin deposition and stone cell development. In addition, we performed functional verification of a differentially expressed gene, PbC4H2 (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase). Heterologous expression of PbC4H2 in the c4h mutant not only restored its collapsed cell wall, but also significantly increased the lignin content in the inflorescence stem. The results of our research help to elucidate the metaxenia-mediated regulation of pear stone cell development and clarify the function of PbC4H2 in cell wall development and lignin synthesis, which establishes a foundation for subsequent molecular breeding.
10
Lang, Gregory A. "Guidelines for the choice of stone fruit rootstocks". Italus Hortus 31, n.º 1 (31 de mayo de 2024): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26353/j.itahort/2024.1.1826.
Texto completoResumen
Rootstocks for stone fruits (Prunus spp.) provide numerous and diverse production benefits, not least of which is the ability to produce high quality improved clonal fruit varieties, but also for better adaptation to orchard site variations and adoption of improved production techniques. These include mitigation of potential abiotic (soil, climate) and biotic (disease, pest) production limitations, as well as modification of natural tree vigor, precocity, and canopy architecture. Stone fruit production has lagged far behind that of apples with regard to rootstock-based control of vigor, which has contributed to comparatively less efficient production methods. Sweet cherries were the first stone fruits to have to a full range of vigor-controlling rootstocks become commercially available, about 25 years ago. It is primarily over the past decade that rootstocks conferring an increasing range of vigor control have begun to look promising for the larger-fruited stone fruits (peaches, apricots, plums), based on various scientific and commercial evaluation trials. This is likely to be a significant component of the overdue adoption of improved orchard training systems, particularly planar or “fruiting wall” canopies that are more labor efficient for pruning, fruit thinning, and harvest, and often contribute to better and/or more uniform fruit coloration, ripening, and quality. Such training systems also facilitate new and developing orchard data acquisition technologies and precision management techniques. General guidelines for the choice of stone fruit rootstocks for both specific growing conditions and anticipated contemporary production systems are discussed.
11
Erez, A., Z. Yablowitz y R. Korcinski. "Advancing Fruit Ripening in Stone Fruit Species". HortScience 32, n.º 3 (junio de 1997): 497E—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.497e.
Texto completoResumen
Fresh fruits of stone fruit species are either lacking or in short supply in the months of March and April on the world market. This results from the absence of late-maturing cultivars in most of these species and from their poor storage capabilities. In March–April, supply from the Southern Hemisphere is dwindling or finished, while supply from the Northern Hemisphere has not started yet. A horticultural system was developed in Israel to get early fruit ripening of stonefruit species. The system developed is based on early completion of dormancy requirements followed by greenhouse tree growing. The system uses the following elements: 1) Improve chilling accumulation in winter by using evaporative cooling, to prevent chilling negation by high day temperatures. 2) Monitor salt accumulation level to prevent damage to branches and buds. 3) Monitor bud temperature and evaluate dormancy development according to the dynamic model. 4) Use dormancy breaking chemicals to compensate for part of the chilling not applied. 5) Cover of the trees with polyethylene having the appropriate characteristics of light filtering. 6) Keep the temperature in the greenhouse lower than the maximal temperature allowed, at every specific stage of development by ventilation. By using this system, fruit ripening was advanced by 4 to 6 weeks in peaches and nectarines (harvested from late March) and by 4 weeks in sweet cherries (harvested from April 11). Yields of 20 to 30 tons/ha were obtained in both species with high fruit quality.
12
Ma, Yaping, Dapeng Zhang, Zhuangji Wang, Lihua Song y Bing Cao. "Fruit Morphology Measurements of Jujube Cultivar ‘Lingwu Changzao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) during Fruit Development". Horticulturae 7, n.º 2 (6 de febrero de 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7020026.
Texto completoResumen
‘Lingwu Changzao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao), a cultivar of Ziziphus in the Rhamnaceae family, is a traditional jujube cultivar in Ningxia, China. For ‘Lingwu Changzao’, morphological traits are prominent in characterizing fruit yield, quality, and consumer acceptance. However, morphological measurements for ‘Lingwu Changzao’ cultivation are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the growing patterns of selected morphological traits during ‘Lingwu Changzao’ fruit development. Eight morphological traits, including four fruit traits (fruit length, diameter, weight, and flesh (mesocarp) thickness), three stone traits (stone length, diameter, and weight), and fruit firmness (also known as fruit hardness), were measured over a 3-mo (months) period, covering a completed fruit development period. Results indicate that the growing patterns of fruit traits coincide with double ‘S’ growth curves, which mainly present the growth of ‘Lingwu Changzao’ fruit. Increases of stone traits terminated in the early fruit growth period, while fruit traits continuously increased till the end of the 3-mo period. That implies a high fruit-stone ratio, i.e., a desirable quality attribute for ‘Lingwu Changzao’ as fresh-eating fruits. The results presented in this study can serve as one part of the standard dataset for jujube fruit cultivation in China, and it can also support decisions in plant breeding and field managements for ‘Lingwu Changzao’.
13
Krasovsky, V., T. Chernyak, R. Fedko y L. Tymoshenko. "Economic and biological classification of subtropic fruit crops collection in Khorol botanical garden". Agroecological journal, n.º 2 (14 de septiembre de 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.2.2022.263319.
Texto completoResumen
The analysis of the scientific sources on the definition of economic and biological features of fruit cultures is carried out. The different opinions of scientists on the division of the fruit plants on certain grounds into groups have been revealed. Scientists count from two to eight groups. It is believed that one of these groups is the production grouping. The basis of production grouping is the peculiarities of the type of fruit. According to this classification, the fruit crops are divided into the grain, stone, nut, berry. Separately the subtropical and tropical plants are distinguished. In the group of the subtropical crops, a subgroup of citrus plants is distinguished. However, among the subtropical crops there are grain, stone, berry and nut plants. Therefore, the question arises as to the need to improve the classification, taking into the account the biological and economic component of the plants. On the basis of the collection of the subtropical fruit plants of Khorol Botanical Garden the development of economic and biological classification of the southern species was carried out. The collection consists of the woody, shrubby and perennial herbaceous plants of 25 species belonging to 22 genera of 15 families. From the given literature proposals to the economic and biological classification of the subtropical fruit crops, we consider that it is reasonable to classify the fruit plants according to the improved scheme. The scheme foresees the combination of all fruit the fruit plants into four groups: berry, seed, stone and nut. In the collection of Khorol Botanical Garden we have our own observations. We offer the following definition of the fruit type and the plant group. The group of berries includes plants with the fruit types: the berry, the stone fruit, the olive fruit, the achene in the cotyledon, the pomegranate, the orange. In the collection of Khorol Botanical Garden, 12 species belong to this group, namely: Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal — a type of berry fruit; Laurus nobilis L. — drupe; Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb. — olive grove; Elaeagnus umbellate Thunb. — olive grove; Maclura tricuspidata (Carrière) Bureau — achenes in the offspring; Ficuscarica L. — achenes in the cotyledon; Passiflora incarnata L. — berry; Punica granatum L. — granatina; Feijoa sellowiana O. Berg — berry; Actinidia chinensis Planch. — berry; Diospyros virginiana L. — berry; Citrus trifoliata L. — orange. The seeds include plants with apple fruit types. In the collection of the institution this group includes 6 species such as Cydonia oblonga Mill.; Chaenomeles × californica Clarke ex Weber; Cormus domestica L.; Mespilus germanica L.; Crataegus azarolus L.; Crataegus opaca Hooker & Arn. The stone collections of Khorol Botanical Garden include 4 species, including 2 species with the type of stone fruit: Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb and Prunus armeniaca L., and 2 species with the pirenarium fruit type: Ziziphus jujuba Mill. and Olea europaea L. The group of nuts includes plants of 3 plant species, of which Hovenia dulcis Thunb. and Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, the type of fruit is a box, and in Pistacia vera L. — a stone. Fruit plants include cultivated and wild polycarp plants. The fruits of these plants are consumed fresh or processed. Also, these plants are used as rootstocks. The economic and biological distribution of the subtropical fruit crops of the certain groups is not difficult, except of Hovenia dulcis, because not the fruits are consumed, but the stalk. In Laurus nobilis and Camellia sinensis leaves are used, not fruits. However, it is noteworthy the fact that the fruits of Laurus nobilis are also used as a food product. They are harvested in October–November and used as spices for oil.
14
Benhura, MAN, M. Muchuweti, PE Gombiro y C. Benhura. "Properties of (Parinari curatellifolla) (Hacha or Chakata) fruits from different parts of Harare, Zimbabwe". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 13, n.º 59 (23 de septiembre de 2013): 8004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.59.12520.
Texto completoResumen
In most African countries, people in rural areas collect edible wild fruits that include(Parinari curatellifolia) for direct consumption or processing into food products especially during periods of food shortage. Parinari curatellifolia is a miombo woodland tree that bears green to grey oval shaped fruit that turns yellowish to brown when ripe. The purpose of the study was to determine the properties of Parinari curatellifolia fruit from Amby, Waterfalls and Acadia in Harare. The parameters evaluated include locations of fruit collection, diameter and mass, proportion of pulp, skin and stone in the fruit, moisture, mineral ash and minerals namely magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and phosphorous. Latitude and longitude positions of the trees locations were approximately E 30 O and S 17 O, respectively. The heights of the sites above sea level ranged from 1477 to 1528m. Diameters and masses of fruit from the three sites were significantly different (p<0.05). Moisture content of the fruit ranged from 66 to 74%. The mean pulp content was 56±5% for individual fruit units and 50±1% for bulk samples from the sampling sites. Fruit from Acadia had the highest pulp content of 60±4%. The proportion of skins and seed stones in the fruit ranged from 8 to 12.5% and 26 to 36%, respectively. Similarly as for diameters and masses, the skin, pulp and stone content of fruits from the three sites were significantly different (P< 0.05). Fruit from Amby had the highest mineral ash, potassium and calcium contents, which were 4.0±0.1, 1.5±0.1 and 0.5±0.1%, respectively. The highest levels of copper and iron were obtained in Acadia and were 0.5±0.1 and 0.8±0.2, respectively. There were no significant differences for mineral ash, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn and Cu content of pulp for fruits from the three sites (P>0.05). The pulp level that was more than 50% of the fruit makes the fruit a potential raw material for food processing. The minerals in the fruit provide a source of nutrients for consumers of prepared food.
15
Girvin, Francis Gerard y Deepti Gupta. "Peach stone ileus: CT appearances of impacted fruit stones". European Journal of Radiology Extra 57, n.º 3 (marzo de 2006): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrex.2006.01.003.
Texto completo
16
KUMAR, DINESH, S. LAL y N. AHMED. "Morphological and pomological diversity among apricot (Prunus armeniaca) genotypes grown in India". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, n.º 10 (6 de octubre de 2015): 1349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i10.52301.
Texto completoResumen
Forty nine apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) genotypes collected from NBPGR, New Delhi, and North West Himalayan region of India and studied to assess the overall degree of polymorphism, detect similarities among important pomological, fruit quality and yield parameters. Genotypes differed significantly for above traits. Thirteen variables were scored and subjected to multivariate analysis. Results showed a considerable phenotypic diversity among apricot genotypes. The cluster analysis classified genotypes into two major groups according to their potentialcharacteristics. The first group was found superior in terms of fruit and yield related characteristics and second group in fruit quality attributes. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first PC, which is the most important component, explained 46.68 % of total variation and was positively related to number of fruits/plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, stone length, stone diameter, stone weight, kernel weight, kernel diameter, kernel length and yield/plant and negatively related to acidity and genotypes in CITH-AP 1, CITH-AP 2, CITH-AP 3, Erani, CITH-AP 36, Afglani and Harcot were found unique for fruit and yield attributing traits.
17
Fallahi, Esmaeil, Michael Colt, S. Krishna Mohan y John Fellman. "EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN CYANAMIDE ON STONE FRUIT THINNING". HortScience 25, n.º 9 (septiembre de 1990): 1122a—1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1122a.
Texto completoResumen
Influence of prebloom and full bloom applications of hydrogen cyanamide on `Simka' and `Friar' plums in Southwest Idaho and `Florda Prince' peach in Southwest Arizona was studied. Prebloom application of 0.5% hydrogen cyanamide caused severe toxicity to the fruit buds in `Friar' lure, while 2% hydrogen cyanamide did not cause toxicity in `Simka' plum. `Simka' fruit was effectively thinned with 1-2% prebloom application. At full bloom, 1.5% hydrogen cyanamide caused severe flower and leaf burning in both `Friar' and `Simka' plums, while concentrations between 0.1% and 1% thinned flowers (fruits) in both of the plum cultivars. Influence of hydrogen cyanamide on final fruit set, fruit size and maturity are also studied. Prebloom or full bloom applications of 2% or 3% hydrogen cyanamide eliminated 95 to 100% of the blooms, while application of this chemical at 1% sufficiently thinned the fruit. Number of commercially packed large peaches in trees receiving 1% hydrogen cyanamide was the same as that in trees thinned by hand, suggesting hydrogen cyanamide as a potential chemical for stone fruit thinning.
18
Gheorghe, Alin, Ion Leveanu y Angela Amuza. "PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON BEHAVIOR OF APRICOT, PEACH AND PLUM TO MONILINIA SPP. IN EXPERIMENTAL FIELD OF USAMV BUCHAREST". Romanian Journal for Plant Protection 13 (2020): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54574/rjpp.13.12.
Texto completoResumen
" The stone fruits occupy an important place in the human diet due to their complex chemical composition such as sugars, free organic acids, pectic substances and vitamins. The main damage of economic importance to the stone fruit species is caused by the monilia disease caused by the fungus Monilia laxa (Aderhold et Ruhland). The disease can affect several host tissues these include blossom blight, shoot blight, fruit blight and brown fruit rot. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the attack produced by the pathogen on peach, apricot and plum from the first decade of May until the second decade of August in Experimental Field of Horticulture Faculty, USAMV Bucharest in 2019. Results showed that plums had the highest attack rate (14%) and the lowest was in apricots (0.8%). It should be noted that monilia disease is a major threat for stone fruit trees because of its aggressive manifestation on the fruit, especially in plums and peaches."
19
SRIVASTAVA, K. K., M. K. SHARMA y S. K. BHAT. "Quality attributes of promising apricot (Prunus armeniaca) introductions for north-western Himalayan region". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 82, n.º 1 (3 de enero de 2012): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v82i1.13883.
Texto completoResumen
New Castle yields 5.1 kg/tree with highest number of fruits/tree but least fruit length and breadth, whereas maximum fruit weight (44.91 g), fruit length and breadth but least TSS was noted in cultivar Orgrand. Highest total soluble solids and lowest ascorbic acid content was found in Harcot, whereas Bebeco has highest ascorbic acid content. Maximum reducing and total sugars were in Harcot but highest non reducing sugar (4.19 %) and minimum stone weight (1.80 g), stone breadth (18.22 mm) was noted in Castle Bright. Highest kernel weight (1.55 g), kernel thickness (7.60 mm) and least kernel breadth (8,85 mm) with sweet and free kernel was noted in Orgrand. However, minimum reducing sugar, non reducing sugars and kernel thickness was noted in Bebeco most attractive fruit colour was noted in Castle Bright and Orgrand. On the basis of the observation New Castle, Orgrand, Harcot produced most attractive bigger sized fruits with moderate to higher total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, acidity, sugar, stone size, kernel weight along with high yield. All the cultivars were found suitable for cultivation under Kashmir valley condition.
20
Gulyaeva, A. A., T. N. Berlova, E. V. Bezlepkina, A. A. Galkova y I. N. Efremov. "Commodity and consumer qualities of fruits of plum cultivars from the RRIFCB (VNIISPK) gene pool". Vegetable crops of Russia, n.º 6 (26 de diciembre de 2020): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-6-85-88.
Texto completoResumen
Relevance. One of the most important directions in the breeding and variety study of fruits, in particular domestic plum European, is the breeding of cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualities of fruits. In this regard, the assessment of some commercial and consumer qualities of fruits in plum cultivars of the RRIFCB gene pool was of great practical and scientific interest. Material and methods. As objects of research, we used 8 plum cultivars of the RRIFCB gene pool and a control cultivar of the RRIFCB breeding Bolkhovchanka. The studies were carried out on the basis of the laboratory of breeding and variety study of stone fruit crops of RRIFCB in 2015-2019. Determination of color, shape, average weight, taste, size of fruit, size and shape of the stone, density of pulp, separation and length of the stalk, color of the juice were carried out in accordance with the "Program and methodology for the variety study of stone fruit crops" and "Pomology". Results. Most of the studied plum cultivars from the gene pool of the Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crops Breeding have valuable commercial and consumer qualities of fruits, which will allow them to be used in further breeding for this trait. Cultivars Californiyskaya krupnaya, Zarechnaya rannyaya, Volgogradskaya can be recommended for further use in breeding as sources of high fruit mass. Cultivars Californiyskaya krupnaya and Bolkhovchanka can be recommended for further use in breeding as sources of high pulp content in fruits and fruit sizes. On the basis of the tasting assessment of the fresh fruits, the fruits of the cultivar Volgogradskaya stood out positively.
21
Miletic, Rade, Mihajlo Zikic, Nevena Mitic y Radomirka Nikolic. "Pomological and technological characteristics of collected selections of cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Erhr." Genetika 37, n.º 1 (2005): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0501039m.
Texto completoResumen
A plantation collection containing 32 genotypes selected from spontaneous populations of cherry plum Prunus cerasifera Erhr. was set up in the region of the Eastern Serbian town of Svrljig. The fruit trees budded from Prunus cerasifera seedlings and were planted at 5x4 m spacing on a mild slope of south-western aspect. This study shows the most important characteristics of the 19 selections in the collection, and the average results recorded in the 2000-2003 period. The most significant characteristics of the trees, their productivity, and fruit and stone characteristics are presented. The average coarseness of fruits, i.e. their length, width and thickness, measured 25.0x 24.4x25.0 mm, while stone coarseness was 14.4x10.3x3.6 mm. The average fruit weight was 12.1 g (24.3-4.8 g), and stone weight 0.85 g (2.2-0.3 g). Depending on fruit and stone weight, the mesocarp content was 93% (96.3-90.3%). Taking into consideration the possibility of fruit exploitation for the production of biologically high-quality food, the mesocarp chemical composition was thoroughly examined. The fruits were found to have increased contents of total acids, achieving an average of 3.09% (3.44-2.60%), which was the initial objective of this selection. Total solids content was 13.5% (16.2-10.3%), total soluble solids 12.5% (14.5-9.5%) and total sugars 6.00% (11.45-3.14%). Considering these characteristics, the selections that were singled out deserve more attention in terms of preserving their biodiversity, forming a gene bank and commercial cultivation.
22
Kim*, Wol-Soo y Jin-Ho Choi. "Stone Cells in Fruit of Pears Influenced by Water Stress and Calcium". HortScience 39, n.º 4 (julio de 2004): 761D—761. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.761d.
Texto completoResumen
To find out the formation time of stone cell, drought stress, isolated from water by plastic house, was inflicted on pear trees at 30 days before full bloom, full bloom stage, 30 days after full bloom and 60 days after full bloom during 30 days, respectively. Adhesiveness, gumminess, cohesiveness and chewiness increased suddenly in fruits contained stone cell more then 28.0mg/g in flesh and hardness was higher in pear fruit with higher stone cells, but the changes of the springiness as contents of the stone cells showed no difference. By optical microscope, stone cell observed first from 14 days after full bloom. The adjacent cells to stone cell was first showed spherical type on initial forming stage but showed radial form at 90 days after full bloom. The shape of stone cell inspected by SEM was like a cluster and its size was various. By using TEM, components of stone cell, such as nucleus and vacuole, and secondary cell wall thickening were observed, so it could consider that the stone cell is living thing. The largest amount of stone cell clusters existed beneath fruit skin. The stone cell in flesh enlarged by drought stress compared to control, and then stone cell per areas was the largest at 30 days after full bloom. Therefore, it seems that the drought stress became a cause of inducing stone cell. The stone cell was decreased by the application of calcium chloride 0.5 %, on 30 days after full bloom. Also, fruit firmness was increased compared to control on harvest time. Calcium chloride application showed a possibility for the inhibition of stone cell formation
23
Pečenka, Jakub, Eliška Peňázová, Dorota Tekielska, Ivo Ondrášek, Tomáš Nečas y Aleš Eichmeier. "Fungi detected in trunk of stone fruits in the Czech Republic". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 72 (8 de febrero de 2019): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/72/1602.
Texto completoResumen
This study was focused on detection of the spectrum of fungi in the wood of stone fruits using molecular genetic methods. Samples were obtained from apricots, plums and sweet cherry trees from region of Moravia, one sample was obtained from Myjava (Slovakia). Segments of symptomatic wood were obtained from dying stone fruit trees with very significant symptoms. This study describes detection of the fungi in the wood of 11 trees in general in 5 localities. The cultivation of the fungi from symptomatic wood and sequencing of ITS was carried out. Eleven fungal genera were determined in the stone fruits wood, particularly Irpex lacteus, Fomes fomentarius, Neofabraea corticola, Calosphaeria pulchella, Cytospora leucostoma, Phellinus tuberculosus, Stereum hirsutum, Collophora sp., Pithomyces chartarum, Aureobasidium pullulans,Fusarium sp. The results of this study demonstrate that the reason of declining of stone fruit trees in Moravia is caused probably by trunk pathogens.
24
Soltani, Nourolah, Jamshid Hayati, Ghobad Babaei y Maryam Ebrahim Qomi. "Serological and molecular detection of Prune dwarf virus infecting stone fruits of Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province, a central region of Iran". International Journal of Plant Biology 4, n.º 1 (10 de septiembre de 2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/pb.2013.e4.
Texto completoResumen
<em>Prune dwarf</em> virus (PDV) is one of the major positive RNA viruses which cause economical damages in stone fruit trees. The symptoms of PDV vary between different stone fruits namely sour and sweet cherry, almond, peach, apricot and plum including leaf narrowing, leaf chlorosis, vein clearing, mosaic, leaf whitening, leathery leaf, bushy branches and stunt trees. During the years 2011 and 2012, 251 leaf samples were collected for detection of PDV in stone fruit orchards of Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province. DAS-ELISA test proved PDV presence serologically. Then, total RNA were extracted and tested by two-step RT-PCR which replicated partial and full coat protein sequence of PDV. One hundred and eighty one out of total samples (251 samples) showed PDV infection using serological and two-step RT-PCR assays, hence, incidence of PDV in Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province was confirmed. This is the first report of PDV in stone fruit orchards of Charmahal-va-Bakhtiari province and in Iran.
25
Nikolaeva, M. A. y L. V. Kartashova. "Comparative commodity characteristics of stone fruits". Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), n.º 10 (21 de septiembre de 2023): 584–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2310-01.
Texto completoResumen
The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the chemical composition, structure, and assessment of the quality and health value of stone fruits of different types. The article discusses different types of stone fruit and indicates their plum hybrids that have appeared recently. A comparative characteristic of the consumer and anatomical and morphological properties of stone fruits of traditional types is given; their pomological and commercial varieties are indicated. The fundamental and specific indicators of the quality of stone fruits of different types, envisioned in the modified interstate standards,have been identified. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the useful properties of the fruits of this group. The features of packaging and storage of stone fruits are considered.
26
Li, Wen-hui, Jian-rong Feng, Shi-kui Zhang y Zhang-hu Tang. "The Correlation between Cellular Features and Gene Expression in ‘Korla’ Fragrant Pear". HortScience 55, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14613-19.
Texto completoResumen
‘Korla’ fragrant pear (Pyrus sinkiangensis T.T. Yu) variety has shown severe coarse skin in recent years. The intrinsic quality of its coarse fruit shows an increase in the number of stone cells and poor taste. In this study, stone cells and the cell wall of coarse pear (CP) and normal pear (NP) during various development stages were compared using paraffin-sectioning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the relationships between lignin-related genes and stone cell formation and cell wall thickening were also analyzed. Our results show that giant stone cells are formed and distributed in the core of pear, whereas many of these crack 60 days after flowering (DAF). The period of stone cell fragmentation occurs later in CP fruits than in NP fruits. Parenchyma cell wall development in CP and NP fruits varies from 120 DAF to maturity. The parenchyma cell wall of CP fruits thickens, whereas that of NP fruits is thinner during the same period. The expression pattern of five genes (Pp4CL1-l, PpHCT-l, Pp4CL2-l, PpPOD4, and PpPOD25) coincides with changes in stone cell content in the pulp. Correlation analysis demonstrates a significant correlation between stone cell content and the expression level of the five genes (ρ < 0.05). In addition, the expression of those five genes and PpCCR1 genes in CP fruits significantly increases during maturation and is highly correlated with the thickness of the parenchyma cell wall. The aim of this work is to provide insights into the mechanism of stone cell and parenchyma cell wall development in pear fruits and identify important candidate genes to regulate the quality of fruit texture using bioengineering methods.
27
Martin, George C., Andrew H. Kuniyuki, James J. Mehlschau y J. Whisler. "Semi-automated Pit Cracking Machine for Rapid Seed Removal". HortScience 21, n.º 3 (junio de 1986): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.3.535.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Germination of stone fruit seeds is accelerated at an elevated percentage if the stony endocarp (pit) is removed prior to planting. Stone fruit breeders and those who screen seed populations usually remove pits with bench vice jaws that manually compress pits either end-to-end or edge-to-edge to affect seed release. The vice was effective but production was low and seasonal production was limited. Consequently, efforts were initiated to find means to alleviate the problem of low seed release productivity while maintaining the effectiveness of the vise.
28
Sanchez, Luis E., Francisca Prieto y Monica Becerra. "Control of Vegetative Growth of Stone Fruits with Paclobutrazol". HortScience 23, n.º 3 (junio de 1988): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.3.467.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract During the last decade, fruit growers in Chile have made dense plantings of many species of fruit trees to obtain early and high yields of quality fruit. Control of tree size has become the most important problem to many growers. Usually, heavy pruning in summer and winter is used to keep the tree within a certain space and to maintain a good yield of high quality fruit. This pruning is costly and often fails (1). There is a great need for dwarfing rootstocks in most fruit tree species. Good dwarfing commercial rootstocks are available for apples and pears, but few exist for stone fruits (6). Therefore, growth retardants are being tested to regulate the size of fruit trees (4, 6, 8-10). The growth retardant β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol) (PB) is being tested in Chile on peaches, nectarines, plums, apricots, and cherries since PB is the best known and widely tested product of this kind. PB and other growth retardants can induce effects either applied to the soil or sprayed on the foliage (2). When PB is applied to the foliage, the effect on the vegetation is faster than from soil applications, but is of short duration, and several foliar applications are needed to maintain growth retardation. Effects of PB, on stone fruits were studied through soil applications, because Chilean fruit growers wish to use the least number of sprays possible. In our trials, soil applications were made at flowering time. The formulation of PB used was a 25% flowable concentrate under the commercial name of Cultar. These trials are part of a 5-year study on gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors. Results in tables and figures were recorded after the second year when maximum effects were expressed.
29
Utkhede, Raj. "Compendium of stone fruit diseases". Scientia Horticulturae 66, n.º 3-4 (octubre de 1996): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(96)00919-3.
Texto completo
30
Phomkong, W., G. Srzednicki y R. H. Driscoll. "Thermophysical Properties of Stone Fruit". Drying Technology 24, n.º 2 (marzo de 2006): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930600559100.
Texto completo
31
Phomkong, W., G. Srzednicki y R. H. Driscoll. "Desorption Isotherms for Stone Fruit". Drying Technology 24, n.º 2 (marzo de 2006): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07373930600559118.
Texto completo
32
Tarcali, Gábor, Emese Kiss, György J. Kövics, Sándor Süle, László Irinyi y László Kiss. "Dieback of apricot plantations caused by 'Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum' in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county (Northern-Hungary)". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 39 (10 de noviembre de 2010): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/39/2735.
Texto completoResumen
Plant diseases caused by phytoplasmas have increasing importance in all over the world for fruit growers. Lately, phytoplasma diseases occur on many fruit varieties and responsible for serious losses both in quality and quantity of fruit production. In the long-run these diseases cause destruction of fruit trees. The apricot phytoplasma disease (Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum) was first reported in Europe in 1924 from France. In 1992 the disease has also been identified in Hungary. On the base of growers' signals serious damages of "Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum" Seemüller and Schneider, 2004 (formerly: European stone fruit yellows phytoplasma) could be observed in different stone fruit plantations in the famous apricot-growing area nearby Gönc town, Northern-Hungary. Field examinations have been begun in 2009 in several stone fruit plantations in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County mainly in Gönc region which is one of the most important apricot growing regions in Hungary, named “Gönc Apricot Growing Area”. Our goals were to diagnose the occurrence of Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum on stone fruits (especially on apricot) in the North-Hungarian growing areas by visual diagnostics and confirm data by laboratory PCR-based examinations. All the 28 collected samples were tested in laboratory trials and at 13 samples from apricot, peach, sour cherry and wild plum were confirmed the presence of phytoplasma (ESFY). On the base of observations it seems evident that the notable losses caused by "Ca. Phytoplasma prunorum" is a new plant health problem to manage for fruit growers, especially apricot producers in Hungary.
33
Li, Xiao-ting y Jian-ping Bao. "Effects of Different Pollination Combinations on Stone Cells, Lignin, and Related Enzyme Activities in Fragrant Pear Fruit". HortScience 57, n.º 5 (mayo de 2022): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16513-22.
Texto completoResumen
In this study, the effects of different Xinjiang pear varieties and ‘Korla Fragrant Pear’ pollination on the stone cells and lignin of fruit were investigated. The contents of stone cells and lignin, and the activities of related enzymes [polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL)] were analyzed in fruit from different pollination combinations at different growth and developmental stages. Results showed that the stone cell mass density decreased rapidly at 60 to 90 days and 90 to 120 days after flowering. The stone cell and lignin contents, and activities of the three enzymes (PPO, POD, and PAL) decreased rapidly at 60 days after flowering. The stone cell mass density, stone cell and lignin contents, and enzyme activity of fruit from different pollination combinations varied at different timescales. The pear variety ‘Bayue‘ had the lowest stone cell and lignin contents in mature fruit from different pollination combinations. The stone cell content correlated positively with lignin content, stone cell mass density, and enzyme activity.
34
Cao, Yunpeng, Xiaoxu Li y Lan Jiang. "Integrative Analysis of the Core Fruit Lignification Toolbox in Pear Reveals Targets for Fruit Quality Bioengineering". Biomolecules 9, n.º 9 (18 de septiembre de 2019): 504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090504.
Texto completoResumen
Stone cell content is an important factor affecting pear fruit flavor. Lignin, a major component of pear stone cells, hinders the quality and value of commercial fruit. The completion of the Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) genome sequence provides an opportunity to perform integrative analysis of the genes encoding the eleven protein families (i.e., PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, C3H, CSE, CCoAOMT, CCR, F5H, COMT, and CAD) in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Here, a systematic study based on expression patterns and phylogenetic analyses was performed to identify the members of each gene family potentially involved in the lignification in the Chinese white pear. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that 35 P. bretschneideri genes belong to bona fide lignification clade members. Compared to other plants, some multigene families are expanded by tandem gene duplication, such as HCT, C3H, COMT, and CCR. RNA sequencing was used to study the expression patterns of the genes in different tissues, including leaf, petal, bud, sepal, ovary, stem, and fruit. Eighteen genes presented a high expression in fruit, indicating that these genes may be involved in the biosynthesis of lignin in pear fruit. Similarly to what has been observed for Populus trichocarpa, a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiment indicated that P. bretschneideri C3H and C4H might also interact with each other to regulate monolignol biosynthesis in P. bretschneideri, ultimately affecting the stone cell content in pear fruits. The identification of the major genes involved in lignin biosynthesis in pear fruits provides the basis for the development of strategies to improve fruit quality.
35
Fritts, Robert y Daniel L. Ward. "Thinning and Enhanced Fruit Quality of Stone Fruits with Gibberellins". HortScience 30, n.º 4 (julio de 1995): 853B—853. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.853b.
Texto completoResumen
Release LC (Abbott Laboratories), a commercial formulation of gibberellins, was applied to apricot, cling peach, freestone peach, nectarine, and plum varieties. Application was by commercial airblast sprayer. Fruit firmness was increased in the season of application in all crops. Meta analysis of the data indicated a maximum response for each crop differed over the rate range of 16 to 48 g a.i./acre. Changes in fruit soluble solids were slight. No differences in fruit color were observed. Reduction in flower bud density (thinning) was observed the following season. The reduction in bud density reduced the time required to hand-thin to a commercially acceptable level. A difference in thinning sensitivity to gibberellin was evident between crops.
36
Anatov, Dzhalaludin y Ruslan Osmanov. "Phenotypic diversity of apricot cultivars derived from of Shalakh variety". BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213402006.
Texto completoResumen
The article presents the results of the pomological study of the cultivars of apricot derived from of Shalakh variety. The results of the analysis showed the presence of prevailing features of transmitted offspring from the desired variety. The best inheritability of the features of the Shalakh was traits of symmetry of fruit and stone (100%), form hole shape of stone (100%), shape of apex of stone (100%), keel character of stone (100%), depth of stalk cavity of fruit (88.9%), shape of stone base (88.9%), stone thickness (77.8%), lateral ribs type of stone (77.8%). The oblongness of the fruit and stone has poor or almost is not transmitted to the offspring from the Shalakh.
37
Southwick, Stephen M. y Kitren Glozer. "Reducing Flowering with Gibberellins to Increase Fruit Size in Stone Fruit Trees: Applications And Implications in Fruit Production". HortTechnology 10, n.º 4 (enero de 2000): 744–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.4.744.
Texto completoResumen
Many commercially grown stone fruit including apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.), peaches and nectarines [P. persica (L.) Batsch], plums (P. salicina Lindl., P. domestica L.), prunes (P. domestica L.), and pluots (P. salicina × P. armeniaca) have a tendency to produce high numbers of flowers. These flowers often set and produce more fruit than trees can adequately size to meet market standards. When excessive fruit set occurs, removal of fruit by hand thinning is necessary in most Prunus L. species to ensure that remaining fruit attain marketable size and reduce biennial bearing. Over the years there have been numerous attempts to find chemical or physical techniques that would help to reduce the costs associated with and improve efficiencies of hand thinning, however, alternate strategies to hand thinning have not been widely adopted for stone fruit production. In the past 10 years, several chemical treatments have shown promise for reducing hand thinning needs in stone fruit. Management of flowering by chemically reducing the number of flowers has been particularly promising on stone fruit in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys of California. Gibberellins (GAs) applied during May through July, have reduced flowering in the following season in many stone fruit cultivars without affecting percentage of flowers producing fruit. As a result, fruit numbers are reduced, the need for hand thinning is reduced and in some cases eliminated, and better quality fruit are produced. There are risks associated with reducing flower number before climatic conditions during bloom or final fruit set are known. However, given the changes in labor costs and market demands, the benefits may outweigh the risks. This paper reviews relevant literature on thinning of stone fruit by gibberellins, and summarizes research reports of fruit thinning with GAs conducted between 1987 and the present in California. The term thin or chemically thin with regard to the action of GA on floral buds is used in this paper, consistent with the literature, although the authors recognize that the action of GA is primarily to inhibit the initiation of floral apices, rather than reduce the number of preformed flowers. At relatively high concentrations, GA may also kill floral buds. Chemical names used: gibberellic acid, potassium gibberellate.
38
Devi, Indira, Sumanjit Kaur, Nav Prem Singh y Sarvpriya Singh. "Physico-chemical changes during fruit growth and maturation in aonla cultivars". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 5 (4 de septiembre de 2020): 943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i5.104366.
Texto completoResumen
The present study was carried out at Punjab agricultural University, MS Randhawa Fruit Research Station, Gangian, (Dasuya) during 2017-19. Fruits of six aonla cultivars: Krishna, Kanchan, Neelum, Chakaiya, Balwant and Desi (local seedling) were evaluated for changes in physico-chemical characteristics at different stages of fruit growth and maturation. Observations were recorded at 15 days interval starting from 120 days after fruit set (DAFS) up to 255 (DAFS). Results of different parameters revealed that fruit size, weight and stone weight showed gradually exponentially upward growth trends from initial stages of maturity up to final harvest. Similarly, TSS and ascorbic acid content were found maximum at final maturity and minimum during initial stages of fruit development. Total phenol content showed a decreasing trend with the maturity of the fruits. Reducing sugar and total sugars was increased with the advancement of maturity. Among different cultivars, fruit size, weight, stone weight and TSS attributes were higher in Kanchan and minimum in Desi seedlings. Juice, ascorbic acid and total phenol content was recorded in fruits of Desi seedlings. Total sugar and reducing sugars were significantly the highest in Kanchan and Krishna aonla cultivars. The varieties were characterized as early, mid and late season on the basis of physico-chemical parameters.
39
Peco, Jesús D., Hava F. Rapoport, Ana Centeno y David Pérez-López. "Does Regulated Deficit Irrigation Affect Pear Fruit Texture by Modifying the Stone Cells?" Plants 12, n.º 23 (29 de noviembre de 2023): 4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12234024.
Texto completoResumen
Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies aim to improve water usage without reducing yield. Generally, irrigation strategy effectiveness is measured as fruit yield, with little consideration of fruit quality. As water deficit and increased plant cell sclerification are often associated, this study explored the effect of RDI on pear fruit stone cells, a crucial trait affecting flesh texture. The presence, distribution, and development of pear fruit stone cells under RDI and full irrigation were compared using Pyrus communis L. cv. Barlett trees, employing recently developed microscope image analysis technology. The control treatment was maintained under non-stress conditions, while the RDI treatment received an average of 15% of the control water during the latter part of Stage I fruit development. Observations at the end of Stage I and at harvest revealed no effect on stone cell presence under the RDI strategy tested. The relative area of stone cells within the flesh was greater at Stage I than at harvest, as stone cell expansion occurred early in development, while the (unsclerified) parenchyma cells, a dominant component of the fruit flesh, expanded until harvest. Stone cell cluster density was higher near the fruit core than in the cortex center and exterior. These initial results suggest that well-planned RDI strategies will generally not affect pear fruit stone cell content and, thus, textural quality. Microscope image analysis supported the results from previously used analytical techniques, mainly chemical, while providing a tool for better understanding the process and factors involved in the timing of stone cell differentiation.
40
Kim*, Wol-Soo y Jin-Ho Choi. "Morphological Characteristics of Stone Cells in Fruit of Pears". HortScience 39, n.º 4 (julio de 2004): 829E—830. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.829e.
Texto completoResumen
The stone cells events in the process of lignifications of plant tissues in flesh of Asian pear have been growing as a depressing factor of fruit quality. Therefore, these studies were carried out to search the effect of stone cells on fruit quality, to investigate the anatomical characteristics, such as formative period and distribution of stone cell, to seek forming causes, and to determine the effects of drought stress and calcium foliar application on the formation of stone cell. Fruit quality as contents of the stone cells, such as texture profile, reducing sugars, firmness, and fruit size, were determined. During the growing season of 2002 and 2003, samples for anatomical investigations were taken periodically in Pyrus pyriforia cv. Niitaka, Pyrus communis cv. Bartlett and Pyrus ussiriansis cv. Yari. The morphology of stone cell in the fruit flesh was observed by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).
41
Wang, Han, Junning Fan, Canqing Yu, Yu Guo, Pei Pei, Ling Yang, Yiping Chen et al. "Consumption of Tea, Alcohol, and Fruits and Risk of Kidney Stones: A Prospective Cohort Study in 0.5 Million Chinese Adults". Nutrients 13, n.º 4 (29 de marzo de 2021): 1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041119.
Texto completoResumen
A few prospective studies have suggested that tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption may reduce the risk of kidney stones. However, little is known whether such associations and their combined effect persist in Chinese adults, for whom the popular tea and alcohol drinks are different from those investigated in the aforementioned studies. The present study included 502,621 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Information about tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption was self-reported at baseline. The first documented cases of kidney stones during follow-up were collected through linkage with the national health insurance system. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During a median of 11.1 years of follow-up, we collected 12,407 cases of kidney stones. After multivariable adjustment, tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption were found to be negatively associated with kidney stone risk, but the linear trend was only found in tea and fruit consumption. Compared with non-tea consumers, the HR (95% CI) for participants who drank ≥7 cups of tea per day was 0.73 (0.65–0.83). Compared with non-alcohol consumers, the HR (95% CI) was 0.79 (0.72–0.87) for participants who drank pure alcohol of 30.0–59.9 g per day but had no further decrease with a higher intake of alcohol. Compared with less-than-weekly consumers, the HR (95% CI) for daily fruit consumers was 0.81 (0.75–0.87). Even for those who did not drink alcohol excessively, increasing tea and fruit consumption could also independently reduce the stone risk. Among Chinese adults, tea, alcohol, and fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of kidney stones.
42
Hasanbegović Sejfić, Jasna, Jasmina Aliman, Semina Hadžiabulić, Aleksandra Šupljeglav Jukić, Nedim Badžak, Azra Skender y Boris Dorbić. "Morfološka i kemijska analiza introduciranih sorti nektarine u Hercegovini". Pomologia Croatica 27, n.º 1-4 (31 de enero de 2024): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/pc.27.1-4.1.
Texto completoResumen
A 2-year study was done to compare fruit morphological and chemical composition of three nectarine cultivars grown in south Hercegovinia conditions. A high variability among and within cultivars was found and significant differences were observed among them in all properties analyzed. On the basis of evaluated data, the best fruit performance was registered in ‘Caldesi 2000’ and ‘Venus’ grown in the condition of this part of the Mediteran. This evaluation may help to select a set of nectarine cultivars with better fruit quality attributes, which in our growing conditions might be indicated in ‘Caldesi 2000’ and somewhat in ‘Venus’. The highest average of fruit width (61.18 mm) and fruit weight (148.24 g) was found in cultivar Caldesi 2000. As for friut thickness, also cultivar Caldesi 2000 had the highest value (55.39 mm). The results for the highest fruit length (60.48 mm) had Venus cultivar also fruit stone weight length, width and thickness. The contents sugars (glucose, fructose) total soluble dry matter, and total acids in fruits were found in cultivar Venus, but pH and sucrose were found in cultivar Sun Grand.
43
Hong, Yili, Zening Wang, Colin J. Barrow, Frank R. Dunshea y Hafiz A. R. Suleria. "High-Throughput Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds in Stone Fruits Waste by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and Their Potential Antioxidant Activities". Antioxidants 10, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2021): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020234.
Texto completoResumen
Stone fruits, including peach (Prunus persica L.), nectarine (Prunus nucipersica L.), plum (Prunus domestica L.) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) are common commercial fruits in the market. However, a huge amount of stone fruits waste is produced throughout the food supply chain during picking, handling, processing, packaging, storage, transportation, retailing and final consumption. These stone fruits waste contain high phenolic content which are the main contributors to the antioxidant potential and associated health benefits. The antioxidant results showed that plum waste contained higher concentrations of total phenolic content (TPC) (0.94 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (0.34 ± 0.01 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/g), while apricot waste contained a higher concentration of total tannin content (TTC) (0.19 ± 0.03 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g) and DPPH activity (1.47 ± 0.12 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE)/g). However, nectarine waste had higher antioxidant capacity in ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) (0.98 ± 0.02 mg AAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (0.91 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) assays, while peach waste showed higher antioxidant capacity in 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay (0.43 ± 0.09 mg AAE/g) as compared to other stone fruits waste. Qualitative and quantitative phenolic analysis of Australian grown stone fruits waste were conducted by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) and HPLC-photodiode array detection (PDA). The LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS result indicates that 59 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized in peach (33 compounds), nectarine (28), plum (38) and apricot (23). The HPLC-PDA indicated that p-hydroxybenzoic acid (18.64 ± 1.30 mg/g) was detected to be the most dominant phenolic acid and quercetin (19.68 ± 1.38 mg/g) was the most significant flavonoid in stone fruits waste. Hence, it could be concluded that stone fruit waste contains various phenolic compounds and have antioxidant potential. The results could support the applications of these stone fruit wastes in other food, feed, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
44
Callahan, Ann M., Chris Dardick y Ralph Scorza. "Characterization of ‘Stoneless’: A Naturally Occurring, Partially Stoneless Plum Cultivar". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 134, n.º 1 (enero de 2009): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.134.1.120.
Texto completoResumen
The plum (Prunus domestica) cultivar Stoneless was characterized to determine if the lack of stone was the result of reduced endocarp development or a decrease in lignification. Fruit were sampled at several times from 37 days before stone hardening (DBH) until the stone was too hard to cut with a knife and were compared with plum fruit that had normal stones. At all sampling times there was less endocarp tissue and reduced lignin staining in the ‘Stoneless’ plum fruit. The tissue that did stain appeared to be small endocarp remnants present in the ‘Stoneless’ plum, and was concentrated at the suture side and at the blossom end as well as the stem end. The lignin stain was detected in these regions beginning at 19 DBH, while the normal plums had a progression of staining beginning at the blossom end, suture side at 23 DBH and radiating up to the stem end and throughout the presumptive stone tissue at 8 DBH. Comparison of dry weight for dissected tissues agreed with the specific lack of endocarp tissue in the ‘Stoneless’ plum. Gene activity for the lignin pathway was analyzed using four known genes required for lignification. All four genes showed endocarp-specific expression in ‘Stoneless’ similar to that observed for the control. These results support the idea that the phenotype of ‘Stoneless’ plum fruit is due to a decrease in endocarp formation rather than a decrease in endocarp lignification.
45
Anatov, Dzhalaludin M. "Some morphological traits of the fruit and apricot stone of Dagestan origin at the different ripening periods". BIO Web of Conferences 25 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202502011.
Texto completoResumen
The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the cultivated and wild-growing apricot of Dagestan origin according to the morphological characteristics of the fruit and stone at different ripening periods. The pomological evaluation showed that the shape index of the fruit changes by one gradation regardless of the origin of the genotype, while the shape of the stone does not change and remains constant for all genotypes. For example, the fruit of the Kamil cultivar has an ovate shape at an early ripening period, and a circular one at late ripening. During ripening, the weight of the fruit doubles (1.8–2.6 times), while the ratio of stone mass to the weight of the fruit decreases (1.8–2.5 times). For cultivars and wild-growing forms, differences in the change in the linear dimensions and mass of the stone at different maturation periods were noted. The morphological characteristics of the fruit and stone in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV) vary more at the later stages of ripening, and in general are higher in cultivars than in wild plants, and the endocarp varies less than the fruit, at all periods of ripening.
46
Southwick*, Stephen. "Cultural Practices that Impact Stone Fruit Quality". HortScience 39, n.º 4 (julio de 2004): 850D—850. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.850d.
Texto completoResumen
Quality of stone fruit is defined by fruit size, color, firmness, flavor, shape, general appearance, adhesion and size of the stone and fruit surface characteristics (e.g. fuzz, abrasions, pest damage). Cultural practices, such as pruning, nutrition, irrigation, growth regulator usage and pesticide applications can influence these quality characteristics to a greater or lesser extent. Adequate potassium nutrition can improve soluble solids and fruit size in plums. Excess nitrogen fertilization can soften peaches. Well-timed calcium sprays are thought to improve the firmness of sweet cherries, as are applications of gibberellin. Ethylene synthesis inhibitor usage can alter the timing of ripening, reduce early fruit drop and improve storage. Irrigation scheduling is a tool that can be used to regulate final fruit size and firmness, as well as time of maturation. Selective pruning is used to structure a tree's architecture for improved light penetration to improve fruit size and color. These and other production practices will be discussed in relation to how they affect fruit quality in stone fruit.
47
Kim*, Wol-Soo y Jin-Ho Choi. "Morphological Characteristics of Stone Cells in Fruit of Asian, European, and Chinese Pears". HortScience 39, n.º 4 (julio de 2004): 815E—816. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.815e.
Texto completoResumen
The stone cells are observed in the process of lignifications of tissues in flesh of pear as a depressing factor of fruit quality. These studies were carried out to search the effect of stone cells on fruit quality, to investigate the anatomical characteristics, such as formative period and distribution of stone cell, to seek forming causes. During the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003, samples for anatomical investigations were taken periodically in Pyrus pyriforia cv. Niitaka, P. communis cv. Bartlett and P. ussiriansis cv. Yari. The morphology of stone cell in the fruit flesh was observed by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). By optical microscope, stone cell observed first from 14 days after full bloom. The adjacent cells to stone cell was first showed spherical type on initial forming stage but showed radial form at 90 days after full bloom. The shape of stone cell inspected by SEM was like a cluster and its size was various. By using TEM, components of stone cell, such as nucleus and vacuole, and secondary cell wall thickening were observed, so it could consider that the stone cell is living thing. The largest amount of stone cell clusters existed beneath fruit skin.
48
Byrne, David H. "Trends in Stone Fruit Cultivar Development". HortTechnology 15, n.º 3 (enero de 2005): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.3.0494.
Texto completoResumen
Despite the hundreds of existing stone fruit (Prunus spp.) cultivars used for fresh market, there is a continuing need to develop new stone fruit cultivars as the requirements of the industry change. Over the last 20 years there has been a shift toward private breeding as the public sector decreases its support of these long-range programs. As a result there are fewer public breeding programs and many of those still operating protect their releases and partially fund their programs with royalty payments. Other trends that are shaping the development of new stone fruit cultivars are a need for smaller or more easily managed tree architecture, a trend toward the use of fewer agricultural chemicals, the expansion of production zones into the milder winter zones to allow year-round availability of stone fruit, a general diversification of fruit types being marketed, the increased awareness of the health benefits of fruit consumption, the need for better and more consistent quality, and given the global marketing of these fruit the increased need for enhanced postharvest qualities. The breeding programs of the world are responding to these trends and working toward developing the cultivars for the world markets of the future.
49
Hrustic, Jovana, Milica Mihajlovic, Mila Grahovac, Goran Delibasic, Aleksandra Bulajic, Branka Krstic y Brankica Tanovic. "Genus Monilinia on pome and stone fruit species". Pesticidi i fitomedicina 27, n.º 4 (2012): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif1204283h.
Texto completoResumen
Different species of the genus Monilinia are common plant pathogens that endanger pome and stone fruit production worldwide. In Serbia, two species of this genus are widely distributed - M. laxa and M. fructigena, while M. fructicola, which is officially on the A2 EPPO List of quarantine pest organisms in Europe and on the 1A part I List of quarantine pest organisms in Serbia, has so far been detected only on stored apple and nectarine fruits. The most important control measures against these pathogens include chemical control in combination with adequate cultural practices, particularly under favourable conditions for disease development. Concerning that species of this genus can cause significant economic losses, knowledge of the pathogen biology, disease epidemiology and pathogen-host interactions is a necessary prerequisite for stable and profitable production of pome and stone fruits.
50
Hegedűs, Attila, Nóra Papp, Anna Blázovics y Éva Stefanovitsné Bányai. "A különleges és egyedi polifenol-összetételű meggy egészségi hatásai". Orvosi Hetilap 159, n.º 18 (mayo de 2018): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2018.31024.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract: Health effects of fruit consumption are confirmed by many studies. Such effects are attributed to the polyphenolic compounds accumulating in fruit skin and mesocarp tissues. They contribute to the regulation on transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels. Since people consume much less fruits than the recommended quantities, a new approach includes the promotion of super fruits that are extremely rich sources of specific health compounds. A comparative analysis of Hungarian stone fruit cultivars detected a huge variability in fruit in vitro antioxidant capacity and total polyphenolic content. Two outstanding sour cherry cultivars (‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’) were identified to accumulate elevated levels of polyphenolic compounds in their fruits. Sour cherries with different polyphenolic compositions were tested against alimentary induced hyperlipidemia using male Wistar rat model. Consumption of cherry fruit had different consequences for different cultivars: consumption of ‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’ fruits resulted in 30% lower total cholesterol levels in the sera of hyperlipidemic animals after only 10 days of treatment. However, the consumption of ‘Újfehértói fürtös’ fruit has not induced significant alterations in the same parameter. Other lipid parameters also reflected the short-term beneficial effects of ‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’ fruits. We suggest that not only some tropical and berry fruits might be considered as super fruits but certain genotypes of stone fruits as well. These have indeed marked physiological effects. Since ‘Pipacs 1’ and ‘Fanal’ are rich sources of colourless polyphenolics (e.g., phenolic acids and isoflavonoids) and anthocyanins, respectively, the protective effects associated with their consumption can be attributed to different polyphenolic compounds. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(18): 720–725.