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Steenkamp, Human. "New chemical thinning strategies for stone fruit". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98026.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Thinning of stone fruit, just as in any other deciduous fruit crop, plays an important role in producing fruit of the right size and quality. Hand thinning is highly labor intensive and time consuming, thus an alternative method of thinning is important to the industry. Chemical and mechanical thinning either alone or in combination could be the alternative. Two chemicals, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and 6-benzyladenine (6-BA) were evaluated on Japanese plums, cling peaches and nectarines. In addition, the Darwin 300™, a mechanical string thinner, was also included in trials on early maturing ‘Alpine’ nectarine and ‘African Rose™’ plum. In all trials the objective was to reduce the required hand thinning during commercial hand thinning without compromising on yield and fruit quality. In Japanese plums we were able to reduce the hand thinning requirement significantly with both the ACC thinning and mechanical thinning strategies. Regarding ACC, cultivars differed in their sensitivity to the chemical and the recommended rate will differ for cultivars. ACC consistently reduced the required hand thinning linearly with increasing rate. The recommended rate of ACC for ‘African Rose™’ is 600 μl.L-1 and for ‘Laetitia’ 400 μl.L-1. For ‘Fortune’ a recommended rate could not be determined at this stage, thus further trials should be conducted. The Darwin 300™ reduced hand thinning significantly without reducing the yield significantly. Combining the Darwin 300™ with ACC 600 μl.L-1 in ‘African Rose™’ gave promising results with regard to hand thinning requirement and fruit size, without reducing yield efficiency significantly. No leaf drop was observed on Japanese plums, except in the pilot trial when applications were made at high temperatures, which should therefore be avoided. ACC was effective as thinning agent in cling peaches. In ‘Keisie’, the results were positive during both seasons, and ACC reduced the hand thinning requirement without reducing yield efficiency. The recommended rate of ACC for ‘Keisie’ is 600 μl.L-1. Slight leaf drop was observed. In ‘Sandvliet’, there was a significant reduction in fruit set, without reducing the required hand thinning. The reduction in fruit set led to a significant reduction in yield. Severe leaf drop was observed, indicating that cultivars differ in sensitivity to ACC. ACC would not currently be recommended for ‘Sandvliet’. In nectarines, ACC only thinned ‘Turquoise’ but not ‘Alpine’ or ‘August Red’ at the rates and phenological stage used, again indicating cultivar differences in sensitivity. In ‘Turquoise’, the highest ACC rate (500 μl.L-1) reduced fruit set per tagged shoot, as well as the hand thinning requirement, but this rate also reduced the total yield. The Darwin 300™ evaluated on ‘Alpine’ reduced fruit set significantly and the hand thinning requirement without reducing yield efficiency, indicating that mechanical thinning is a viable option in nectarines. Slight leaf drop was observed in all nectarine trials and ACC would not currently be recommended for nectarines. 6-BA was included to combat ACC-induced leaf drop and was partially successful. The reason for the differences observed in response to ACC between cling peaches and plums on the one hand, and nectarines on the other, cannot currently be explained.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Uitdun van steenvrugte, net soos vir enige ander sagtevrugte soort, speel 'n belangrike rol in die produksie van vrugte met die regte grootte en gehalte. Uitdun van steenvrugte is hoogs arbeidsintensief en tydrowend, dus is dit belangrik om ʼn alternatief te vind vir die bedryf. Chemiese of meganiese uitdunning alleen of in kombinasie kan die alternatiewe wees. Twee middels, 1-aminosiklopropaan-1-karboksielsuur (ACC) en 6-bensieladenien (6-BA) is geëvalueer op Japanese pruime, taaipitperskes en nektariens. Daarby is die Darwin 300™, ʼn meganiese uitdunmasjien, ingesluit vir twee vroeë kultivars, nl. Alpine nektarien en African Rose™ pruim. Die doel van die proewe was om handuitdunning tydens kommersiële handuitdun te verminder, sonder om die opbrengs en vrugkwaliteit negatief te beïnvloed. Vir Japanese pruime kon ons die nodige handuitdunning beduidend verminder met beide die ACC en meganiese uitdun strategieë. Daar was wel ʼn verskil tussen die kultivars se sensitiwiteit teenoor ACC en die aanbevole konsentrasie sal verskil tussen kultivars. ACC het die benodigde handuitdunning vir al drie kultivars lineêr verminder met ʼn toename in konsentrasie. Die aanbevole konsentrasie van ACC vir ‘African Rose ™’ is 600 μl.L-1 en vir ‘Laetitia’ 400 μl.L-1. Vir ‘Fortune’ kan daar nog nie op hierdie stadium 'n konsentrasie aanbeveling gemaak word nie. Die Darwin 300™ behandeling het die benodigde handuitdunning beduidend verminder sonder om die opbrengs te beïnvloed. Die kombinasie van die Darwin 300 ™ met ACC 600 μl.L-1 het ook goeie resultate opgelewer wat handuitdunning en vruggrootte aanbetref sonder om die opbrengsdoeltreffendheid te verlaag. Geen blaarval was opgemerk by die pruime nie, behalwe in ʼn voorlopige proef toe die ACC toegedien is by hoë temperature, wat dus vermy moet word. Die effektiwiteit van ACC as uitdunmiddel van taaipitperskes was belowend. Vir ‘Keisie’ was die resultate positief vir beide seisoene, en ACC het handuitdunning verminder sonder om die opbrengs te beïnvloed. Die aanbevole ACC konsentrasie vir ‘Keisie’ is 600 μl.L-1. Effense blaarval is wel waargeneem. Vir ‘Sandvliet’ was daar 'n beduidende vermindering in vrugset, sonder dat handuitdunning verminder is. Daar was ook 'n beduidende afname in opbrengs en erge blaarval in die proef waargeneem. ACC sal tans nie aanbeveel word vir 'Sandvliet’ nie. Met nektariens het ACC net ‘n uitduneffek op ‘Turquoise’ getoon, maar nie teen die aangewende dosisse en ontwikkelingstadium op ‘Alpine’ of ‘Augustus Red’ nie. Dit dui daarop dat ACC kultivarspesifiek mag wees. In ‘Turquoise’ het die hoogste konsentrasie (500 μl.L-1) vrugset van gemerkte lote en die handuitdunning verminder, maar ook die totale opbrengs. Die Darwin 300 ™ het die vrugset van ‘Alpine’ asook die benodigde handuitdunning aansienlik verminder sonder om die opbrengs te verlaag. Effense blaarval was opgemerk in alle nektarien proewe. ACC sal nie aanbeveel word as uitdunmiddel vir nektariens nie. 6-BA was in die studie ingesluit om ACC-geïnduseerde blaarval teen te werk en was slegs gedeeltelik suksesvol. Die rede vir die verskille in respons tot ACC tussen pruime, perskes en nektariens kan nie tans verklaar word nie.
De, Villiers Michiel Hendrik Jacobus. "Mechanical and chemical thinning of stone fruit". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95809.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Producing fruit of the appropriate size and high quality is of the upmost importance to realize a profit in the fruit industry. This can be achieved through bloom or fruitlet thinning to reduce the number of fruit left on the tree. The cost of production is rising and labour cost forms a large part of the total production cost. Thinning of stone fruit is labour intensive and expensive, so an alternative to hand thinning needs to be found. Two alternatives are chemical and mechanical thinning. Chemical thinners are not routinely used in stone fruit as it is in pome fruit production and gibberellins were evaluated in this study. The Darwin 300TM was evaluated as a mechanical alternative to hand thinning. It thins flowers during bloom, before fruitlet thinning by hand is performed. In our trials on nectarines and Japanese plums the objective of reducing the time required for hand thinning was achieved, with the Darwin 300TM reducing the time required by up to 50%. When the time required to thin was reduced too much it also reduced the yield, but this could be overcome by lowering the rotor speed or using different strategies during supplementary hand thinning at the fruitlet stage. The bloom thinning and reduction in yield led to an increase in the fruit size. Care should be taken when using the Darwin 300TM as the earlier thinning could increase pit splitting and/or fruit cracking, especially in cultivars that are sensitive to these defects. The optimal rate of thinning needs to be determined for each cultivar individually. The application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and gibberellin A4+7 (GA4+7) at the pit hardening stage in the previous season could decrease the number of flowers for the following growing season. There was no effect on the yield at harvest or fruit size in the season of GA3 and GA4+7 applications, but the fruit firmness was increased. This effect was more pronounced for the GA4+7 applications. Our objective of reducing the time required for thinning was achieved in some but not all cultivars. The yield was not significantly reduced, with the fruit maturity only delayed in ‘African Rose’ plum. Again no increase in fruit size was found, but the fruit firmness was again increased. The GA-applications therefore were not satisfactory in their reduction of the time required for hand thinning. A positive effect is the increase in fruit firmness, which could possibly increase the storage potential of the fruit without having negative effects on the other aspects of fruit quality but this needs further evaluation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Produksie van vrugte met die verlangde vruggrootte en hoë vrug kwaliteit is baie belangrik vir die realisering van ‘n wins in die vrugte-industrie. Met hierdie mikpunt in gedagte, is blom- en vruguitdunning baie belangrik om die aantal vrugte per boom te verminder. Die kostes geassosieer met vrugte produksie is besig om te styg en arbeidskoste vorm ‘n groot deel van die totale produksiekostes. Uitdunning van steenvrugte is arbeidsintensief en baie duur, dus moet ‘n alternatief vir handuitdunning gevind word. Daar is twee alternatiewe naamlik chemiese en meganiese uitdunning. Chemiese uitdunmiddels word algemeen in kernvrugproduksie gebruik, maar daar is tans geen chemiese middels vir steenvrugte nie. In hierdie studie was gibberelliene ge-evalueer as potensiële uitdunmiddel. Die Darwin 300TM is ge-evalueer gedurende blomtyd as ‘n meganiese alternatief vir handuitdunning. Die masjien verwyder blomme en verminder so die vruguitdunning benodig. In ons eksperimente op nektarien- en Japanese pruimkultivars het ons gevind dat die tyd benodig vir handuitdunning met tot 50% verminder is deur die Darwin 300TM. Dit het ook daartoe gelei dat die totale oes per boom verlaag is. Hierdie effek kan vermy word deur die rotor spoed te verminder of die strategie vir aanvullende handuitdunning aan te pas. Die feit dat die grootste deel van die uitdunproses in blomtyd uitgevoer is en ook die feit dat die totale oes per boom verlaag is, het daartoe gelei dat die vrugte groter was. Die vroeër uitdunning met die Darwin 300TM kan egter lei tot ‘n verhoging in vrugkrake en gesplete pitte. Dit moet veral in gedagte gehou word by kultivars wat geneig is tot hierdie afwykings/defekte. Die optimum tempo van uitdunning moet vir elke kultivar individueel bepaal word. Wanneer gibberelliensuur (GA3) of gibberelien A4+7 (GA4+7) by pitverharding toegedien word in die vorige groeiseisoen, kan dit lei tot die vermindering van die hoeveelheid vrugte in die volgende seisoen. Daar was geen effek op die totale oes per boom en die vruggrootte tydens oes in die seisoen van aanwending nie, maar die vrugfermheid is verhoog. Die effek was hoër na die GA4+7 as na die GA3 aanwending. Die mikpunt om die tyd benodig vir handuitdunning te verminder, is in sommige kultivars bereik. Die oes per boom in die opvolgseisoen is weer eens nie verlaag nie, maar die vrug rypheid van ‘African Rose’ pruime is vertraag. Geen effek is op die vruggrootte opgemerk nie, maar die vrugfermheid was weer eens verhoog. Die GA-toedienings het dus nie bevredigend die tyd benodig vir handuitdunning verminder nie. ‘n Positiewe effek is die verhoging van die vrugfermheid, wat moontlik kan lei tot die verhoging van die opbergingspotensiaal van die vrugte sonder enige ander negatiewe effekte, maar hierdie aspek benodig verdere navorsing.
Abdi, Nasser McGlasson W. B. Holford P. "Development of biochemical and physiological indices of maturity of dessert stone fruit in relation to cool storage /". Richmond, N.S.W. : Centre for Horticulture and Plant Science, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030512.164418/index.html.
Texto completoThesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Reprints of related publications by N. Abdi, P. Holford and W.B. McGlasson included in back. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-152).
Abdi, Nasser, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty y Centre for Horticulture and Plant Sciences. "Development of biochemical and physiological indices of maturity of dessert stone fruit in relation to cool storage". THEIES_FST_HPS_Abdi_N.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/32.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy (PhD) (Ph.D.)
Boonzaaier, Johann Du Toit Loubser. "An inquiry into the competitiveness of the South African stone fruit industry". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97875.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to undertake an inquiry on the competitive performance of the South African stone fruit industry since the early 1960s, with an emphasis on the more recent years since the mid-1990s, when the industry was deregulated. A comprehensive approach was applied in reaching conclusion in this study by employing a five-step analytical framework, built on well-established approaches by Balassa (revealed comparative advantage, RCA), Vollrath (relative trade advantage, RTA) and the Porter Diamond Model, adapted to accommodate innovative statistical methods to reflect differences in opinions and views more accurately. Competitiveness in this study is defined to give effect to the global trade orientation of the industry as the sustained ability of the South African stone fruit industry to attract investment by trading its produce competitively within the global marketplace, whilst continuously striving to earn returns greater that the opportunity cost of scarce resources engaged. Five phases were identified in the competitive performance of the South African stone fruit industry since 1961, showing the fluctuating nature of the performance of this industry: Phase I (1961-1982): Increasingly regulated competitiveness Phase II (1983-1990): Politically constrained competitiveness Phase III (1991-1999): Economic deregulation and internal rivalry Phase IV (1999-2007): Towards international competitiveness Phase V (2007 – present): Increasingly sustained competitiveness The RTA calculations, including both exports and imports, showed that the industry is highly competitive, both internationally – in the Southern Hemisphere where this industry is only out-performed by Chile and locally – compared to other South African (SA) horticultural crops, with plums consistently claiming the top position when individual stone fruit types in the SA deciduous fruit category are analysed. Through the Stone Fruit Executive Survey (SFES), views and opinions of prominent industry role-players were critically employed to interrogate the topic under discussion. A total of 84 factors affecting the competitiveness of the industry were identified, and these were rated on a five-point Likert scale (where 5 were most enhancing and 1 was most constraining). This study expanded the analytical framework used in recent agri-competitiveness studies to verify and cross-check the results and findings through statistical procedures, such as cluster analyses, principle component analyses and Cronbach’s alpha. This broadened the scope of analysis by accommodating the variance in opinion statements from the respondents. As different cluster groupings based on functional value chain positions were analysed, it became clear that there were significant differences between the respondents involved in the primary production and packing/processing of stone fruit and the respondents involved in activities lower down the value chain, such as in pack houses/processors and exporters/marketers. Further down the value chain the respondents expressed more optimistic views and positive statements on competitiveness than those exposed to primary production risks and uncertainties. This confirms the importance to expand competitive analysis to different points in the value chain The rated factors were grouped into Porter’s six determinants and the general scored ratings yielded the two most enhancing determinants, being business strategy, structure and rivalry (3.55 out of 5) and related and supporting industries (3.14 out of 5). Production factor conditions (2.81 out of 5) and demand/market factors (2.76 out of 5) were identified as being less enhancing determinants. Chance factors (2.66 out of 5) and government support and policy (2.35 out of 5) were identified as the two most constraining determinants. The current approach is that the framework of Esterhuizen (2006) is applied to agriculture-related competitiveness studies. This study, however, investigated the extension of the conventional model by adapting the Porter diamond model within the frameworks of the Institute for Management Development’s World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) and the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report (GCR), which generally focus on the macro-economic situation. It was confirmed that the stone fruit industry is integrated into and forms part of the ‘broader economic picture’. The results and findings of this study were discussed in a number of focus sessions with industry role players. A strategic planning framework was drafted, which consisted out of eleven industry level strategic proposals. Some of the most important strategic improvements to enhance competitive performance argued for in this study are improved industry-based lobby discussions, i.e. to build and strengthen the necessary communication between industry role players and government agencies through an improved strategic intelligence database, by focusing on aspects such as trade agreements, international market development and policy development.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om ’n ondersoek van die mededingende prestasie van die Suid-Afrikaanse steenvrugbedryf sedert die vroeë 1960’s te onderneem, met die klem op die meer onlangse tydperk sedert die middel-1990’s, toe die bedryf gedereguleer is. ’n Omvattende benadering is ingespan deur gebruik te maak van ’n vyfstap- analitiese raamwerk wat geskoei is op die goed gevestigde benaderings van Balassa (onthulde vergelykende voordeel – revealed comparative advantage - RCA), Vollrath (relatiewe handelsvoordeel – relative trade advantage - RTA) en die Porter-diamantmodel, wat aangepas is om innoverende statistiese metodes te akkommodeer om verskille in gesigspunte beter te weergee. Mededingendheid in hierdie studie word gedefinieer om effek te gee aan die globale handelsoriëntasie van die bedryf as die volhoubare vermoë van die Suid-Afrikaanse steenvrugbedryf om belegging te lok deur sy produkte mededingend in die globale mark te verhandel, terwyl daar voortdurend gestreef word om opbrengste te verdien wat groter is as die geleentheidskoste van die skaars hulpbronne gebruik. Vyf fases in die mededingendheid van die Suid-Afrikaanse steenvrugbedryf is sedert 1961 geïdentifiseer en toon die wisselende aard van die prestasie in hierdie bedryf: Fase I (1961-1982): Toenemend gereguleerde mededingendheid Fase II (1983-1990): Polities beperkte mededingendheid Fase III (1991-1999): Ekonomiese deregulering en interne mededinging Fase IV (1999-2007): Op weg na internasionale mededingendheid Fase V (2007 – vandag): Toenemend volhoubare mededingendheid Die RTA-berekenings, wat uitvoere en invoere insluit, het aangetoon dat die bedryf hoogs mededingend is, beide internasionaal – waar die industrie slegs die Chili oortref word en plaaslik – in vergelyking met ander Suid-Afrikaanse (SA) hortologiese gewasse, met pruime wat voorop staan wanneer individuele steenvrugsoorte in die SA sagtevrugtebedryf geanaliseer is. Deur die Steenvrug Uitvoerende Opname (Stone Fruit Executive Survey (SFES)) is die sienings en opinies van vooraanstaande rolspelers krities gebruik om die onderwerp te ondervra. ’n Totaal van 84 faktore wat die mededingendheid van die bedryf beïnvloed, is geïdentifiseer, en hierdie is op ’n vyfpunt-Likertskaal geëvalueer (met 5 as die mees versterkend en 1 as die mees stremmend). Hierdie studie het die analitiese raamwerk wat in onlangse agri-mededingendheidstudies gebruik is, uitgebrei om die resultate deur middel van statistiese prosedures te verifieer en te kruiskontroleer, naamlik deur bondelanalises, hoofkomponent-ontledings (principle component analyses) en Cronbach se alfa. Dít het die strekking van die analise verbreed deur die verskillende opinies van die respondente te akkommodeer. Soos verskillende bondels op grond van funksionele posisies in die waardeketting geanaliseer is, het dit duidelik geword dat daar noemenswaardige verskille was tussen die respondente in die primêre produksie en verpakking/verwerking van steenvrugte en die respondente betrokke in aktiwiteite laer af in die waardeketting, soos in pakhuise/verwerkers en uitvoerders/bemarkers. Verder af in die waardeketting het die respondente meer optimistiese opinies en positiewe stellings oor mededingendheid uitgespreek as dié wat aan primêre produksierisiko’s en onsekerhede blootgestel was. Dit bevestig die belangrikheid daarvan om mededingende analise na verskillende punte in die waardeketting uit te brei. Die gemete faktore is in Porter se ses determinante verdeel en die algemeen aangetekende skattings het die twee mees versterkende determinante opgelewer, naamlik sakestrategie, struktuur en mededinging (3.55 uit 5) en verwante en ondersteunende bedrywe (3.14 uit 5). Produksiefaktortoestande (2.81 uit 5) en vraag/markfaktore (2.76 uit 5) is geïdentifiseer as minder versterkende determinante. Toevallige faktore (2.66 uit 5) en regeringsondersteuning en -beleid (2.35 uit 5) is geïdentifiseer as die twee mees stremmende determinante. Die huidige benadering is dat Esterhuizen (2006) se raamwerk op landbou-verwante mededingendheidstudies toegepas word. Hierdie studie het egter die uitbreiding van die konvensionele model ondersoek deur die Porter-diamantmodel binne die raamwerke van die Institute for Management Development se World Competitiveness Yearbook (WCY) en die World Economic Forum se Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) aan te pas. Hierdie dokumente fokus oor die algemeen op die makro-ekonomiese situasie. Daar is bevestig dat die steenvrugbedryf in die ‘breër ekonomiese situasie’ geïntegreer is en daarvan deel is. Die resultate en bevindings van hierdie studie is in ’n aantal fokussessies met bedryfsrolspelers bespreek. ʼn Strategiese beplanningsraamwerk was opgestel wat bestaan uit elf industrie-vlak strategiese voorstelle. Van die belangrikste strategiese verbeterings om mededingende prestasie te verhoog, waarvoor daar in hierdie studie geargumenteer is, is verbeterde “drukgroepgesprekke”, m.a.w. om die nodige kommunikasie tussen bedryfsrolspelers en die regering te bou en te verstrek deur ’n verbeterde strategiese intelligensie- databasis wat o.a. fokus op aspekte soos handelsooreenkomste, internasionale markontwikkeling en beleidsontwikkeling.
Kyaw, Poe Nandar. "Regulation of Ethylene Production and Postharvest Fruit Quality of Stone Fruit Using Different Formulations of New Ethylene Antagonists". Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/78297.
Texto completoUthairatanakij, Apiradee. "Responses of nectarines to atmospheres containing high carbon dioxide concentrations". Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/28106.
Texto completoNzobouh, Fossi Pilar Anaïs. "New olive fruit processing approach with stone removal and dehydration: characterization of multifunctional "olive flour"". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Buscar texto completoCao, Tiesen. "Host susceptibility factors in bacterial canker of stone fruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2004. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texto completoUthairatanakij, Apiradee. "Responses of nectarines to atmospheres containing high carbon dioxide concentrations". View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20040329.122738/index.html.
Texto completoGotor, Vila Amparo María. "New advances in the control of brown rot in stone fruit using the biocontrol agent Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405888.
Texto completoLa podredumbre marrón causada por el hongo Monilinia spp. es responsable de importantes pérdidas en la poscosecha de la fruta de hueso. Entre las estrategias de control respetuosas con el medio ambiente, cabe destacar el uso de agentes de biocontrol (ABCs). Esta tesis tiene como objetivo completar el desarrollo del ABC B. amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 para así obtener un producto eficaz que proporcione una estrategia comercialmente viable. Los resultado se clasifican en (i) caracterización de CPA-8 (diseño de marcadores moleculares, respuestas ecofisiológicas, sensibilidad a antibióticos, producción de enterotoxinas); (ii) desarrollo de productos basados en CPA-8 (mejora del medio de crecimiento, selección de la tecnología de formulación, optimización del secado por lecho fluido-atomización); y (iii) definición de la estrategia de control de CPA-8 (actividad en diferentes huéspedes, definición de umbrales técnicos y eficacia en ensayos de campo). La integración de los productos basados en CPA-8 en los sistemas de cultivo habituales contribuye en el manejo de las enfermedades de poscosecha en fruta de hueso en el marco de una agricultura sostenible y/o ecológica.
Brown rot caused by the fungus Monilinia spp. is responsible for substantial postharvest losses of stone fruit. Among the environment-friendly strategies of control, the application of biological control agents (BCAs), has been strongly considered. Therefore, this thesis aimed to complete de development of the BCA Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CPA-8 to obtain efficacious CPA-8-based products that provide a plausible commercial strategy. The main findings are classified into (i) CPA-8 characterisation (molecular markers design, ecophisiological responses, sensibility to antibiotics, production of enterotoxins); (ii) CPA-8-based products development (improvement of the growth medium, selection of the formulation approach, fluid-bed spray-drying optimisation); and (iii) definition of the CPA-8 control strategy (activity in a wide range of hosts, definition of some technical thresholds and field efficacy at harvest and postharvest time). The integration of the CPA-8-based products here developed into the usual cropping systems can contribute to the management of post-harvest diseases in stone fruit in the framework of a sustainable and/or organic agriculture.
Culumber, Catherine Mae. "Soil Nutrient Cycling and Water Use in Response to Orchard Floor Management in Stone-Fruit Orchards in the Intermountain West". DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5030.
Texto completoThébaud, Gaël. "Etude du développement spatio-temporel d'une maladie transmise par vecteur en intégrant modélisation statistique et expérimentation : cas de l'ESFY (European stone fruit yellows)". Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0028.
Texto completoEmerging and re-emerging diseases can give rise to serious economical - and even social - crises. Improving the knowledge that allows coping with such diseases is an immediate stake in this field of research. An approach to this issue is proposed and applied to European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease of Prunus trees that re-emerges in Europe. This disease is responsible for an incurable decline, mainly on apricot and Japanese plum. It is caused by a phytoplasma ('Candida/us Phytoplasma prunorum') specifically transmitted by Cacopsylla pruni on the persistent mode. Wc analysed the risk factors and the processes of ESFY epidemics through integrating several approaches: a statistical model at a regional scale for analysing the factors correlated to ESFY prevalence, experiments on the cycle of the vector and on the potential infectivity of its different stages, and hypothesis tests based on the location of diseased trees. The statistical approaches highlight the major impact on disease dynamics of the cultivar/rootstock combination. The experiments demonstrate that C. Prumi is a univoltine vector whose young stages acquire the phytoplasma, multiply it, and then conserve it during their summering and overwintering on conifers (alternative hosts). In the most probable scenario arising from the comparison of the different approaches, the reimmigrants infected since the year before would be the only efficient vectors of ESFY in apricot orchards, where they would land at random and independently; then, they would often perform several short-distance primary inoculations: therefore, this disease would be monocyclic in apricot orchards. This scenario was incorporated into a simulation model at the orchard scale, which, in the future, will unable estimating the parameters linked to the local behaviour of the vector
Appel, Maryke. "Cloning and identification of genes involved in the interaction between the bacterial stone fruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain NV and plum trees". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52165.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bacterial canker of stone fruit, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, is one of the most destructive crop diseases in South Africa. Chemical control has failed completely and effective long-term management strategies will have to rely on the breeding of resistant host trees. To assist in such breeding programmes, investigations into the molecular basis of the interaction between P. s. pv. syringae and stone fruit trees have been undertaken in collaboration with the ARC-Fruit, Wine and Vine Research Institute in Stellenbosch. The aim of this dissertation was to clone and identify genes that are involved in interaction between the bacterial canker pathogen and stone fruit trees. In the first part of the study, the harpin encoding gene of a local strain of the pathogen, P. s. pv. syringae NV, was amplified in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy with primers based on the hrpAZB sequences of the bean pathogen, P. s. pv. syringae 61. Sequencing of this hrpZpssNvgene revealed a high degree of homology (96%) between the harpin encoding genes and harpin proteins of the two strains. The hrpZpssNvgene was subsequently cloned into the pMAL-c2 expression vector and expressed in Escherichia co/i. This system was used for the production of purified, biologically active, recombinant HrpZpSSNV protein. In the second part of the study, differential display (DD) technology was used to identify genes that are induced in stone fruit trees in response to P. s. pv. syringae and/or its harpin elicitor. For this purpose, actively growing shoots of two Prunus sa/icina cultivars, the moderately resistant cv. 'Laetitia' and the highly susceptible cv. 'Songold' were treated with recombinant harpinpssNvprotein or live P. s. pv. syringae NV bacteria. An untreated control and wounding control was included in the experiment. Total RNA was isolated for comparative mRNA analysis 24 hours after treatment. DD profiles were generated with fifteen primer combinations. Eight candidate bands were re-amplified, cloned and sequenced. Reverse transcription PCR was employed to verify the expression patterns of the cloned bands in the original RNA sample set. Two bands, DDc and DD4 were shown to be differentially expressed between treatments and/or cultivars, while no differences in the expression levels of the remaining six bands (DDa, DDe, DD3, DD5, DD6 and DD7) were observed. BLAST similarity searches yielded significant matches for DDe, DD4 and DD7 with plant defense-related genes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Bakteriese kanker van steenvrugte, wat deur Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae veroorsaak word, is een van die mees verwoestende siektes van landbougewasse in Suid-Afrika. Chemiese beheermaatreëls het geheel en al misluk en effektiewe langtermyn beheerstrategieë sal op die teling van weerstandbiedende gasheerbome moet staatmaak. Ondersoeke na die molekulêre basis van die interaksie tussen P. s. pv. syringae en steenvrugbome is in samewerking met die LNR-Vrugte-, Wyn- en Wingerdnavorsingsinstituut in Stellenbosch van stapel gestuur om tot sulke telingsprogramme by te dra. Die doelwit van hierdie proefskrif was om gene wat betrokke is in die interaksie tussen die bakteriese kanker patogeen en steenvrugbome te kloneer en te identifiseer. In die eerste gedeelte van die studie is die harpien-koderende geen van 'n plaaslike ras van die patogeen, P. s. pv. syringae NV, geamplifiseer in 'n polimerase kettingreaksie (PKR)-strategie met peilers wat op die hrpAZB-geenopeenvolgings van die boontjiepatogeen, P. s. pv. syringae 61, gebaseer is. Volgordebepaling van hierdie hrpZpssNv-geen het 'n hoë vlak van homologie (96%) tussen die harpien-koderende gene en harpien proteïene van die twee rasse getoon. Die hrpZpssNv-geen is vervolgens in die uitdrukkingsvektor pMAL-c2 gekloneer en uitgedruk in Escherichia coli. Hierdie sisteem is vir die produksie van suiwer, biologies-aktiewe, rekombinante HrpZpssNv-proteingebruik. In die tweede gedeelte van die studie is die differensiaalvertoon (DD) tegniek gebruik om gene te identifiseer wat deur P. s. pv. syringae en/of sy harpien elisitar in steenvrugbome geïnduseer word. Vir hierdie doel is aktief-groeiende lote van twee Prunus sa/icina kultivars, die matig weerstandbiedende kv. 'Laetitia' en die hoogs vatbare kv. 'Songold', met rekombinante harpienpssNvproteïen of lewende P. s. pv. syringae NV bakterieë behandel. 'n Onbehandelde- en verwondingskontrole is in die eksperiment ingesluit. Totale RNA is 24 uur na behandeling vir vergelykende mRNA-analise geïsoleer. DD-profiele is met vyftien peilerkombinasies gegenereer. Agt kandidaatbande is geheramplifiseer en gekloneer, waarna hul DNA-opeenvolgings bepaal is. Trutranskriptase-PKR is gebruik om die ekspressiepatrone van die gekloneerde bande in die oorspronklike RNA monsters na te gaan. Daar is vasgestel dat twee van die bande, DDc en DD4, differensieel tussen kultivars en/of behandelings uitgedruk is, terwyl geen verskille in die ekspressievlakke van die oorblywende ses bande (DDa, DOe, 003, DOS, 006 en DO7) waargeneem is nie. BLAST-soektogte het betekenisvolle ooreenkomste vir DDe, DD4 en DD7 met plant weerstandsgeassosieerde gene opgelewer.
Duvenage, Stacey. "Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:h7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica subsp. Enterica serovar typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus within a stone fruit production environment". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30792.
Texto completoThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
Unrestricted
Malcolm, Peter J., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College y of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Effects of root temperatures and genotype on the growth of peach rootstocks and their scions". THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Malcolm_P.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/710.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Keller, Kody. "Parallel and Allegory". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4200.
Texto completoALTIN, IREM. "Attuazione di strategie IPM per controllare le malattie batteriche di drupacee e noci causate da pseudomonadi e xantomonadi resistenti/tolleranti al rame". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1265291.
Texto completoBacterial canker of stone fruits caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum, and bacterial blight of walnut caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, have been studied for over a century and have resulted in significant advances in our understanding of the epidemiology of foliar bacterial diseases and epiphytic life cycle of these pathogens. Recent studies on the ecology, characterization, and identification of pathogens have been prompted by the economic importance of the diseases and the lack of effective control measures. A collection of 54 P. syringae spp. on apricot and 47 X. a.pv. juglandis strains on walnut were studied using repetitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genomic fingerprinting using ERIC, BOX, and REP primer sets, and Multi-Locus Sequence Analysis (MLSA). Copper tolerance of all strains were assessed by observing bacterial growth on copper sulphate-added media, and the results were compared to those of a five-year-old study in the same area. This thesis showed that the frequency of copper resistant bacteria increased after repeated treatments with copper-based compounds. These findings suggest that the selection of copper-resistant strains may be a major cause of control failures after copper bactericide treatment. Bacteriophages, as realistic and environmentally friendly microorganisms, could be a viable option for controlling these bacterial diseases. In this thesis, ten novel phages that lyse P. s. pv. syringae and ten novel phages that lyse X. a. pv. juglandis were isolated from apricot and walnut fruits, leaves, soil, and irrigation water in Northern Italy. The restriction endonuclease digestion of phages revealed that there are three distinct phage groups, designated as groups 1, 2, and 3. Despite the fact that all isolated phages were specific to X. a. pv. juglandis, an analysis of the host range of phages involving 25 different X. a. pv. juglandis strains revealed that the phages can be divided into four classes based on their ability to lyse the 25 strains considered. In laboratory tests, all phages had a promising lytic effect on P. s. pv. syringae and X. a. pv. juglandis. P. s. pv. syringae and X. a. pv. juglandis showed promising lytic effect in laboratory trials.
Myburgh, Lindie. "Prediction of post-storage quality in canning apricots and peaches using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and chemometrics". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53557.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Post-storage quality of the stone fruit, apricots and peaches, is the major factor determining their suitability for canning after cold storage in South Africa. Short harvesting periods and the limited capacity of the factory to process the large quantities of fruit within two days after delivery, necessitates cold storage until canning. Apricots develop internal breakdown, whereas peaches develop internal breakdown accompanied by loosening of the skin and adhesion of the flesh to the stone. The deterioration takes place within the fruit during a cold storage period of one to two weeks. The tendency of the fruit to develop internal defects can, to date, not be identified prior to storage and are only discovered after destoning during canning. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics were investigated as a non-destructive method to predict post-storage quality in Bulida apricots and clingstone peach cultivars. Near infrared (NIR) spectra (645-1201 nm), measured on the intact fruit just after harvesting, were correlated with subjective quality evaluations performed on the cut and destoned fruit after cold storage. The cold storage periods for apricots were four weeks (2002 season) and three and two weeks for peach cultivars for the 2002 and 2003 seasons, respectively. Soft independent modelling by class analogy (SIMCA) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) were applied to the spectral and reference data to develop models for good and poor post-storage quality. The ability of these models to predict post-storage quality was evaluated in terms of recognition (sensitivity) and rejection (specificity) of the samples in independent validation sets. Total correct classification rates of 50.00% and 69.00% were obtained with Bulida apricots, using SIMCA and MARS, respectively. Classification results with apricots showed that MARS performed better than SIMCA and is thus recommended for this application. Total correct classification rates of 53.00% to 60.00% (SIMCA) and 57.65% to 65.12% (MARS) were obtained for data sets of combined peach cultivars within seasons and over both seasons. Additional aspects of fruit quality were investigated to identify possible indices of post-storage quality. Classification trees were used to find correlations between the post-storage quality and the fruit mass, diameter, firmness and soluble solids content (SSC). Among these, fruit diameter and firmness were the major indices of post-storage quality. Accurate predictions of firmness could not be achieved by near infrared spectroscopy (NlRS), making the combination of NIRS and classification trees not yet suitable for predicting post-storage quality. NIRS was further used to predict poststorage SSC within seasons in Bulida apricots and intact peach cultivars. This confirmed sufficient NIR light penetration into the intact fruit and also provided a further application of NIRS for ripeness evaluation in the canning industry. Validations on peach samples obtained correlation coefficients (r) of 0.77-0.85 and SEP-values of 1.35-1.60 °Brix using partial least squares (PLS) regression. MARS obtained r = 0.77-0.82 and SEP = 1.42-1.55 °Brix. Predictions of sse in apricots were less accurate, with r = 0.39-0.88, SEP = 1.24-2.21 °Brix (PLS) and r = 0.51-0.82, SEP = 1.54-2.19 °Brix (MARS). It is suggested that the accuracy of sse measurements, and the subsequent predictions, were affected by the cold storage periods as well as internal variation within the fruit. This study showed that a combination of NIRS and chemometrics can be used to predict post-storage quality in intact peaches and apricots. A small scale feasibility study showed that 4% (R117 720) (apricot industry) and 3% (R610 740) (peach industry) of production losses can be saved if this method is implemented in the South African canning industry. Although it was difficult to assign specific chemical components or quality attributes to the formulation of the storage potential models, important hidden information in the spectra could be revealed by chemometric classification methods. NIRS promises to be a useful and unique quality evaluation tool for the South African fruit canning industry. Several recommendations are made for the canning practices to reduce losses and for future research to improve the current prediction models.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die kwaliteit van die steenvrugte, appelkose en perskes, is die hoof bepalende faktor vir hul geskiktheid vir inmaakdoeleindes na koelopberging in Suid-Afrika. Die vrugte moet opgeberg word by lae temperature vir een tot twee weke, aangesien die oestydperk kort is en die kapasiteit van die fabriek te beperk is om die groot hoeveeheid vrugte dadelik in te maak. Tydens hierdie opbergingstydperk vind agteruitgang in die vrugte plaas. Dit word in appelkose gekenmerk deur interne verval en in perskes gekenmerk aan interne verval, tesame met enlos skil en die vaskleef van die vrugvlees aan die pit. Tot dusver, bestaan daar geen metode om hierdie tipe agteruitgang in vrugte voor opberging te identifiseer nie. Dit word eers na opberging opgemerk wanneer die vrugte ontpit word. Naby-infrarooi spektroskopie (NIRS), gekombineerd met chemometriese metodes is gebruik om opbergingspotensiaal in Bulida appelkose en taaipitperske kultivars te bepaal. enKorrelasie is gemaak tussen naby-infrarooi (NIR) spektra, gemeet op die heel vrugte voor opberging en subjektiewe evaluering van kwaliteit, geïdentifiseer op die gesnyde vrugte na opberging. Die opbergingstydperke vir perskes was vir drie en twee weke vir die 2002 en die 2003 seisoene, onderskeldeflk, terwyl die appelkose vir vier weke opgeberg is. Twee chemometriese metodes, "soft independent modelling by class analogy" (SIMCA) en "multivariate adaptive regression splines" (MARS) is gebruik om die spektra en ooreenstemmende subjektiewe data te kombineer en modelle is ontwikkel vir goeie en swak opbergingspotensiaal. Die vermoë van die modelle om die vrugkwaliteit na die opbergingstydperk te voorspel, is geêvalueer in terme van herkenning en verwerping van vrugtemonsters in onafhanklike toetsstelle. Totale korrekte klassifikasies van 50.00% and 69.00% is verkry vir Bulida appelkose, met SIMCA en MARS, onderskeidelik. Die klassifikasie resultate het gewys dat MARS beter gevaar het as SIMCA en word dus sterk aanbeveel vir hierdie toepassing. Totale korrekte klassifikasies van 53.00% tot 60.00% (SIMCA) and 57.65% tot 65.12% (MARS) is verkry vir gekombineerde perskekultivars tussen seisoene en oor seisoene. Verdere aspekte van vrugkwaliteit is geêvalueer om enmoontlike indeks van opbergingspotensiaal te verkry. Klassifikasiebome is gebruik om en korrelasie te vind tussen kwaliteit na opberging en vrugmassa, deursnee, fermheid en totale oplosbare vastestowwe (TOV). Diameter en fermheid het die meeste gekorreleer met die kwaliteit na opberging. Voorspellings van fermheid deur die gebruik van naby infrarooi spektroskopie (NIRS) was ~gter nie akkuraat nie. Dus word die kombinasie van klassifikasiebome en NIRS om opbergingspotensiaal te voorspel nie tans aanbeveel nie. NIRS is verder gebruik om TOV te voorspel binne seisoene in heel Bulida appelkose en perskekultivars. Dit is uitgevoer om voldoende NIR ligpenitrasie in die vrugte te bevestig en ook om 'n verdere toepassing van kwaliteitsbepaling (as indeks van soetheid en rypheid) vir die inmaakindustrie te verskaf. Validasies is op perskemonsters uitgevoer en korrelasiekoêffisiente (r) van 0.77-0.85 en voorspellingsfoute van 1.35-1.60 °Brix is verkry met "partial least squares" (PLS) regressie. MARS het r = 0.77-0.82 and voorspellingsfoute = 1.42-1.55 °Brix verkry. Die akkuraatheid van die TOV meetings en gevolglike voorspellings is waarskynlik beïnvloed deur interne variasie binne die vrugte sowel as die opbergings tydperke wat verloop het tussen metings. Hierdie studie wys dat NIRS en chemometriese metodes wel gebruik kan word om opbergingspotensiaal in heel perskes in appelkose te voorspel. 'n Kosteberekening het gewys dat besparings van 4% (R117 720) (appelkoos industrie) en 3% (R610 740) (perske industrie) moontlik is indien NIRS en MARS geïmplementeer word. Alhoewel dit moeilik was om spesifieke chemiese komponente en .sekere kwaliteitsaspekte aan die ontwikkeling van die modelle te koppel, is belangrike verborge informasie in die spectra uitgebring deur chemornetriese metodes. NIRS beloof om 'n bruikbare en unieke kwaliteitskontrole maatstaf te wees vir die Suid-Afrikaanse inmaakindustrie. Verskeie aanbevelings is gemaak vir die inmaakpraktyke om verliese te voorkom en ook vir toekomstige navorsing om die huidige klassifikasiemodelle te verbeter.
Long, Robert Llewellyn y bizarrealong@hotmail com. "Improving fruit soluble solids content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) (reticulatus group) in the Australian production system". Central Queensland University. Biological and Environmental Science, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20051019.144749.
Texto completoHadersdorfer, Johannes [Verfasser], Dieter Richard [Akademischer Betreuer] Treutter y Thilo [Akademischer Betreuer] Fischer. "Development of an isothermal nucleic acid amplification protocol for high-throughput monitoring of Plum pox virus infection in stone fruit production / Johannes Hadersdorfer. Gutachter: Dieter Richard Treutter ; Thilo Fischer. Betreuer: Dieter Richard Treutter". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032313498/34.
Texto completoGhiotto, Thaís Carneiro. "Dinâmica populacional de Megastigmus transvaalensis (Hymenoptera Torymidae) em Schinus terebinthifolius na região de Sorocaba, Brasil". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8938.
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Megastigmus transvaalensis is an exotic wasp that attacks Brazilian pepper tree drupes Schinus terebinthifolius in native forests and areas of restoration and ecological restoration in Brazil. The parasitism begins with the oviposition M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius where the larvae hatch and remain internally feeding of nutrients and tissue, affecting germination. The aim of this work was to study the effect of temperature, rainfall and humidity in the population dynamics of M. transvaalensis and determine the parasitism rate and sex ratio of this wasp in drupes S. terebinthifolius. The study was performed with yellow sticky traps and collection of S. terebinthifolius drupes in seasonal semideciduous forest during August 2014 to September 2015, in the region of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The capture of insects through the sticky traps proved satisfactory, and thus can be applied to the monitoring of small Hymenopteros. Populations of M. transvaalensis were negatively correlated with the maximum temperature and population peak in the fall of 2015, meaning that when the maximum temperature has reduced, there is a higher incidence of insect field. The parasitism rate of S. terebinthifolius drupes ranged from zero to 36.34% during this period, making this value an aggravating factor for the emergence of new individuals, since this phytophagous wasp has the potential to be spread throughout Brazil and It poses a threat to the natural regeneration of S. terebinthifolius. The sex ratio of M. transvaalensis was 0.42 and 0.08 in the laboratory field. The bio-ecology and the damage caused by M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius warrant further studies to integrated management
Megastigmus transvaalensis é uma vespa exótica que ataca drupas de aroeira-pimenteira Schinus terebinthifolius em florestas nativas e em áreas de recomposição e restauração ecológica no Brasil. O parasitismo inicia com a oviposição de M. transvaalensis nas drupas de S. terebinthifolius, onde as larvas internamente eclodem e permanecem alimentando-se dos nutrientes e tecidos, prejudicando a germinação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o efeito da temperatura, precipitação e umidade na flutuação populacional de M. transvaalensis e determinar o índice de parasitismo e razão sexual dessa vespa nas drupas de S. terebinthifolius. O estudo foi realizado com armadilhas adesivas amarelas e coleta de drupas de S. terebinthifolius em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, durante agosto de 2014 a setembro de 2015, na região de Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil. A captura dos insetos através das armadilhas adesivas se mostrou satisfatória, podendo assim ser aplicada para o monitoramento de pequenos Hymenopteros. As populações de M. transvaalensis apresentaram correlação negativa com a temperatura máxima e pico populacional no outono de 2015, significando que, quando a temperatura máxima apresenta redução, há maior incidência do inseto em campo. O índice de parasitismo das drupas de S. terebinthifolius variou de zero a 36,34% no período avaliado, tornando este valor um agravante para o surgimento de novos indivíduos, uma vez que, essa vespa fitófaga tem potencial de ser disseminado por todo Brasil e representa ameaça para a regeneração natural de S. terebinthifolius. A razão sexual de M. transvaalensis foi de 0,42 no laboratório e 0,08 em campo. A bioecologia e os danos causados por M. transvaalensis em drupas de S. terebinthifolius justificam mais estudos visando o manejo integrado dessa vespa fitófaga.
Begheldo, Maura. "Ethylene and peach fruit ripening: a functional genomics approach". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425061.
Texto completoABU, ALLOUSH ASEM HABES MOH'D. "ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PHYTOPLASMA-ASSOCIATED DISEASES OF STONE FRUITS AND GRAPEVINE IN JORDAN". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/924051.
Texto completoABU, ALLOUSH ASEM HABES MOH'D. "Etiology and Epidemiology of Phytoplasma-Associated Diseases of Stone Fruits and Grapevine in Jordan". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/923795.
Texto completoOmar, Abdulkadir Rahma y Filippa Calmfors. "Food waste conversion : A study on how conversion can reduce in-store food waste in Swedish supermarkets". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43974.
Texto completoSanoamuang, Niwat. "Epidemiological aspects of MBC resistance in Monilinia fructicola (Wint.) Honey and mechanisms of resistance". Lincoln University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1362.
Texto completoLee, Miin-Huey. "Microscopic, physiological and molecular studies of pathogenesis in Monilinia fructicola, the brown rot pathogen for stone fruits /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texto completoAnita, Vakula. "Fizičke, hemijske i biološke osobine osušenog koštičavog voća proizvedenog različitim tehnikama sušenja". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2020. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=115058&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Texto completoResearch in the framework of the thesis includes investigation of physical, chemical and biological properties of fresh and dried stone fruit and the development of an innovative technical solution for fruit vacuum drying. The obtained results contribute to the formation of the scientific base of knowledge, regarding the characteristics of stone fruit dried by different drying techniques: convective drying, vacuum drying and lyophilization (freeze drying). The designed innovative prototype of a vacuum dryer with an ejector system enables the preservation of biologically active fruit compounds with the possibility of reducing investment and equipment maintenance costs.The possibility of application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and mathematical modeling for describing the functional dependence between applied drying parameters and physical, chemical and biological properties of dried fruit, optimization of the drying process, as well for finding the model that best describes the drying process was presented in this work.
Holmes, Ashley Shannon. "A Grocery Store Intervention Designed to Increase Fruit, Vegetable, and Healthy Snack Purchases among Parents of Young Children". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46425.
Texto completoMaster of Science
MOLINO, LOVA MARINA. "EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDY ON `CANDIDATUS PHYTOPLASMA PHOENICIUM¿ IN LEBANON". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168876.
Texto completoMorales, Nicolàs Gerard. "Integrated management of bacterial spot disease of stone fruits caused by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni: development of a disease forecasting system". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/523516.
Texto completoLa taca bacteriana dels fruiters de pinyol, causada per Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni, té un gran impacte econòmic a les principals zones productores de tot el món. El control de la malaltia es basa principalment en mesures preventives, com ara una regulació de quarantena, la selecció de varietats d’hostes resistents o aplicacions preventives de coure, ja que no es disposa de cap mètode de control químic curatiu i efectiu. Per tant, l’estudi de l'epidemiologia de la malaltia pot ser un factor valuós en el desenvolupament d'estratègies per al seu maneig. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi va ser el desenvolupament d'un sistema de predicció del desenvolupament de la taca bacteriana dels fruiters de pinyol, el qual es basa en tres components: i) el potencial d'inòcul epífit, ii) les condicions meteorològiques favorables en el procés d’infecció, i iii) l’aparició dels símptomes de la malaltia. Els efectes dels paràmetres ambientals i del potencial d'inòcul es van quantificar i modelar en diferents processos clau del cicle de la malaltia. Els resultats obtinguts aporten nous coneixements sobre l'epidemiologia de la taca bacteriana dels fruiters de pinyol que ofereixen noves possibilitats en el seu maneig
Verhulst, Adrien. "Étude de Faisabilité d'Études Consommateurs d'Achat de Fruits et Légumes « Moches » dans un Supermarché Virtuel". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0016/document.
Texto completoThe retail sector has an anti-waste policyand has therefore offered “ugly” FaVs (Fruits and Vegetables) for sale as early as 2014 [109]. But these sales remain temporary and local and have little studied effects on consumer behavior. We propose here to study if an immersive virtual store (in which we control the FaVs) can be used to study consumer behavior confronted to “ugly” FaVs To have enough “ugly” FaVs to fill the virtual store, we developed a method capable of generatings emiprocedural FaVs. To do so we: (1) generate the mesh with Generalized Cylinders (GCs) [6]; then (2) generate the colors with a particle system.We conducted 2 comparative studies (N=142 andN=196 respectively). The first study focused on consumer behavior when the FaVs are abnormal (8 FaVs separated into 4groups: no deformation, slightly deformed, deformed and strongly deformed). These differences had no impact on consumer behavior. The other study focused on consumer behavior when the environment is more or less immersive (8 FaVs without deformation and 8 FaVs with deformation, separated into 3 groups: laboratory store, non immersive virtual store and immersive virtual store).There are differences between these environments on consumer behavior. Finally, we studied if the virtual representation of the consumer had an impact during the purchase of products (including, but not limited to, FaVs). To do so we carried out a third consumer study (N=29) (2groups: obese avatar and non-obese avatar). There are very localized differences between these representations on consumer behavior
Ramphinwa, Maanea Lonia. "Performance of selected different types of stone fruits in a summer rainfall area, South Africa". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/125.
Texto completoAbdi, Nasser. "Development of biochemical and physiological indices of maturity of dessert stone fruit in relation to cool storage". Thesis, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/32.
Texto completoLuong, Thi Song Van. "Control of Monilinia fructicola in stone fruit with lemon myrtle essential oil". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/931198.
Texto completoBrown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola is a major postharvest fungal disease in stone fruit. The need to control this disease has led to considerable reliance on synthetic fungicides. The use of these products has raised concerns related to pathogen-resistance and chemical residues on food products, creating demand for alternative control methods. Essential oils, which have long been generally recognised as safe for human use, are known for their antifungal properties. This project focuses on the postharvest application of lemon myrtle essential oil vapour to control brown rot on stone fruit. Sets of 20 fruit in 3 replicates were exposed to three different concentrations of lemon myrtle essential oil vapour in air; 25,000ppm; 30,000ppm and 40,000ppm, by placing each set within closed plastic containers with small fans to circulate the vapour during fumigations at 20oC and 25oC. Nectarines which were exposed to lemon myrtle oil vapour from 4 to 16 hours developed phytotoxic symptoms, while the minimum effective treatment times were 2 hour fumigations. Exposing ‘Diamond Bright’ nectarine and ‘Tam Hoa’ plum to lemon myrtle oil vapour concentrations of 25,000ppm, 30,000ppm and 40,000ppm at 20oC and 25oC for 2 hours significantly inhibited the growth of postharvest brown rot on artificially infected fruit. Phytotoxicity generally appeared as a result of concomitant high temperatures during treatment and high vapour concentrations. However, ‘Red Gold’ nectarines were most sensitive to lemon myrtle oil, with higher temperature treatments found to cause phytotoxicity in this variety even at lower vapour concentrations. Thus lower levels of lemon myrtle essential oil vapour are shown to be more active and toxic when treatment temperatures are increased from 20oC to 25oC. The experiment successfully established maximum tolerable oil vapour concentrations, treatment times and temperatures, which if exceeded could cause phytotoxicity. Thus the research usefully expands upon previous in vitro studies of essential oils as fungicides by investigating the balance between pathogen treatment and the need to protect fruit from phytotoxic damage, to maximise saleable stone fruit produce. This research further explains the different sensitivities of the diverse varieties tested.
Uthairatanakij, Apiradee, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College y of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Responses of nectarines to atmospheres containing high carbon dioxide concentrations". 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/28106.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Wittig, Hans P. P. "Effect of resident epiphytic fungi development of brown rot blossom blight of stone fruits". Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37180.
Texto completoGraduation date: 1992
Anderson, Natalie A. "Diversity of Low Chill Peaches (Prunus persica) from Asia, Brazil, Europe and the USA". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-05-7913.
Texto completoJajo, Aiman. "Molecular and physiological factors influencing low temperature breakdown in stonefruit". Thesis, 2013. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/565092.
Texto completoMalcolm, Peter J. "Effects of root temperatures and genotype on the growth of peach rootstocks and their scions". Thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/710.
Texto completoTran, Thi Xuan. "Improving production and quality of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng.) fruit". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1350916.
Texto completoThe focus of the work undertaken in this study on the Gac plant was to develop production and postharvest practices that would increase yield and maximize fruit quality. The plant Gac is dioecious. The fruit has high nutritional value, and is used in traditional medicine and in processed foods. However, the agronomic and postharvest practices for this crop are not well developed. Specifically, improved ways of germinating seeds and propagating seedlings, methods of assisted pollination, managing fruit size, and controlling fruit quality are required. The methods used for other crops in agronomy and postharvest to improve practices were expected to provide suitable models for Gac. Greenhouse and hydroponic methods were used to grow experimental crops and postharvest techniques were also used to analyse the quality of fruit in this study. In Chapter 2, the effect of temperature and seed age on seed germination, the effect of auxin concentration on the rooting and survival rate of cuttings and the effects of three rootstock ages and two grafting methods on the survival of grafts were investigated. Seed germinated well at 25-35 °C, IBA (indole-butyric acid) concentrations of 3-5gL-1 were suitable for propagating softwood cuttings and top-wedge and slice type grafts were successful with 4 and 8 weeks old rootstocks. These methods could be widely used to propagate Gac with the purposes of increasing the number of female plants. Ways to prolong the viability of seed in storage is a recommend area for further research. Chapter 3 included developing an in vitro method to evaluate pollen viability. The effect of pollen storage on pollen viability and on Gac fruit quality was also investigated. Following this, the effect of temperature on pollen germinability was investigated. The medium including 1% agar, 0.01% H3BO3, 0.01% KNO3 15% sucrose, 250mg MgSO4.7H2O and 700mg Ca(NO3)2.4H2O was found to be suitable for Gac pollen germination at 35 °C. Although pollen germination declined with storage time, hand pollination with stored pollen (for up to four weeks at 4 °C and eight weeks at -20 °C) showed a high fruit set (>73%) and no differences in fruit quality (lycopene and β-carotene concentrations) compared with fresh pollen. Better storage regimes will require an understanding of the desiccation sensitivity of Gac pollen. In Chapter 4, the effect of fruit load and fruit-set order on fruit weight and quality of Gac was evaluated. The resource allocation among leaves and fruits was also explored. With increased fruit load and fruit-set order, declines in fruit weight and aril quality were found in fruit highlighting the important effect that fruit load can have on fruit quality. This study highlights that leaf area index (LAI) provided a non-destructive indicator of canopy area, having a positive relationship with leaf dry weight (r2 = 0.56), and it may be suitable for use in future studies requiring canopy area estimates. Chapter 5 evaluated the impact of postharvest storage on some physiochemical characteristics of mature Gac fruit in Vietnam and Australia. Gac fruit harvested prior to full maturity continues to ripen, increasing nutritional quality, in terms of oil, lycopene and β-carotene concentrations in aril. Fruit firmness, skin colour and the TSS (total soluble solids) of aril were identified as potential indicators of the lycopene and β-carotene concentrations. The postharvest research on Gac showed that it may be possible to use a simple measurement of TSS (total soluble solids) in aril juice, or whole-fruit firmness to indicate fruit quality during ripening. In Chapter 6, Gac fruit harvested at five maturity stages were described in terms of their physicochemical characteristics. Fruit maturity stages M4 and M5 showed the highest quality characteristics in terms of aril oil, lycopene and β-carotene concentrations. The respiration rates and ethylene produced from fruits during storage suggested a climacteric nature which needs further investigation. This will assist in determining the appropriate storage conditions for Gac fruit. In conclusion, methods of propagation, pollination, canopy management and postharvest practices have been improved as a result of this study and provide information that can be used as a base for further developments in the commercialization and conservation of this species.
Chen, Chi-Yean y 陳琦彥. "Research on the Operation Strategy of Vegetable and Fruit at Convenienve Store". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73pzgb.
Texto completo國立臺灣海洋大學
運輸科學系
105
In the recent years, convenient stores have reached an essential place in every customer’s life. As modern standard of living improves, it has apparently become a trend that customers pay more attention to diet and health-preserving and with diversification of veggie and fruit marketing channel, four leading brands of convenient stores in Taiwan have no choice but board the train, engage in fruit retail market one by one. Our research expectation is to analyze market trends by the change of fruit selling nowadays, provide suggestion for the transformation or marketing channel of market industry in the future, and make not only fruit, but also veggie retailing combine with convenient stores, which emphasize on convenience and rapidity, for catching up the trend of modern trading pattern. Base on the documents in the past, we conduct our research through In-Depth Interview and SWOT as auxiliary. In order to combine theory and practice, we will take convenient store F as our research object and study its business management, industry development, and social contribution. We expect to provide our research to convenient store managers and farmer as reference, and propose suggestions from it. We would like to contribute our effort to the future industry.
Strom, Alyssa. "The relationship between grocery store tours and fruit and vegetable consumption among undergraduate nutrition students". 2017. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/90.
Texto completoWang, Shu-Pin y 王抒品. "The research of using big data to analyze purchasing behavior of fruit at convenient store". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66974866643428234191.
Texto completo中原大學
資訊管理研究所
104
In fact that food safety issues impact and the rise of health awareness in recent years. Nowadays consumer focus on their food and it’s been a trend. Therefore consumers will demand the amount of fruit consumption and has become more important. The convenience stores all focus on the market of fruit retail. Therefore the research will focus on fruit buying behavior of consumer in convenience stores and will use electronic invoice combine information on internet, the open data from government to verification the fruit buying behavior of consumer in convenience stores. Through the real data of electronic invoice to prove it and replace the lack of buying intention that will making the research more reality. In terms of the convenience stores trader that can realize the impact on fruit buying factor and sale situation. In order to control the cost and the marketing trick in future. The research will use R statistics software regression analysis, correlation analysis and descriptive statistics. Through visualize to analysis the fruit buying behavior and can find out the possible phenomenon and related more quickly.
Pagani, Maria Cristina. "An ABC transporter protein and molecular diagnoses of Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni causing bacterial spot of stone fruits". 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10042004-232356/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Texto completoYang, Nan-chin y 楊南進. "Studying the Effects of Fruits and Vegetables Store Image on Consumers’ Purchase Intention in Taiwan". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5uh2ef.
Texto completo國立高雄第一科技大學
國際管理碩士學位學程
102
The fruits and vegetables retail sector in Taiwan has been experiencing significant development since its openness to the world. Due to the fact that almost all fruits and vegetables are sold at retail outlets, it motivates retailers to improve themselves in order to attract more consumers to their stores. In the past, there were many studies regarding fruits and vegetables; however, the effects of fruits and vegetables store image on consumers’ purchase intention has not yet studied. Consequently, the primary purpose of this study is to discover the relationship between fruits and vegetables store image and consumer’s purchase intention. By examining consumers’ assessment of 5 store image components, we can determine which component has the best impact on consumer’s perception of store image. Simultaneously, the linear effect of store image on consumer’s purchase intention as well as the mediating effect of store image on the influence of each component on purchase intention would be defined. In this study, 200 questionnaires were delivered to consumers of different ages, genders, incomes, and education in Taiwan and SPSS 18.0 was applied to analyze the data in order to verify the validation of the framework and hypotheses in this study. The findings of this study reveal that personal service, merchandises and selling environment have significant influence on consumers’ purchase intention. In the meanwhile, advertising promotion and location are not significantly influential in their purchase intention. The result also reveals that store image is built with the 3 best components: merchandise, selling environment and advertising and promotion. Location and personal service have no significant effect on it. In addition, there is no difference amongst demographic factors regarding their preference for store image components, store image and purchase intention.
"Food Purchasing Behavior: Choice, Change, Challenge". Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.16456.
Texto completoDissertation/Thesis
M.S. Nutrition 2013
Ting-Hsuan, Wu y 吳亭萱. "The Impact of Consumers’ Perceived Quality, Perceived Value and Willingness to Buy against Store Image-Based on the Research of the Fruit and Vegetable Market of Carrefour in Pingtung". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70199768243189888344.
Texto completo國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理研究所
95
The domestic market ignites the route revolution unprecedented because of hypermarket appearance. The manager of hypermarket in order to succeed in this competitions, presents various kinds of promotion campaigns in order to increase the willingness to buy goods of customer. But this kind of method does not get approval of customers, understanding what is the demand in the customer’s heart and then provide products and service which are customer’s want in order to keep the relation for a long time with the customers is strategy of enterprises which can operate forever. Therefore, we take Carrefour Pingdong Branch as research range, and based on the perceived evaluation model of Kent B. Monroe(1990), we integrate the “store image” into this model to analyze the relationship between “willingness to buy” and “store image”. We use SEM to test the relationship between variables in the perceived evaluation model. Our main results can be summarized by the following three points: 1. In the depressing environment, Consumers calculate carefully to every sum of expenditure. Only when a product is “valuable” in the mind of the consumers, consumers will consider to buy. Therefore, “perceived value” is the main factor to influence the willingness to buy of consumers. 2. When consumers infer quality of vegetables and fruit, he will be infected by the choosing area of fruit and vegetables and the whole environment of Carrefour. When consumers have better impression to hypermarket, they have higher perceived quality to fruit and vegetables, and higher perceived quality will also affect consumer’s willingness to buy of fruit and vegetables significant and positive. 3. Because young unmarried-men are not sensitive to the price of fruit and vegetables and often take “convenient” and “buying all goods at one time” for primary purpose. While they choose other goods, also increase the willingness to buy the fruit and vegetables. For this reason, the seller of hypermarket in order to increase the sales should take the people who are unmarried and under 25 years old for goal market that can developed.
RYSOVÁ, Kateřina. "Kvalita ovoce a zeleniny na českém trhu". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394660.
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