Tesis sobre el tema "Stockage souterrain du gaz"
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Buissart, Hubert. "Le Wealdien du Bassin de Paris : approches sédimentologique et paléogéographiqueApplications au stockage souterrain de gaz naturel". Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10173.
Texto completoGravelle, Alexandre. "Optimisation de l'efficacité et de la durabilité des traitements de puits à base de polymères et de microgels dans un contexte de réduction des venues de sable". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL063N.
Texto completoGas production from underground geological reservoirs in aquifers is sometimes associated with the erosion of solid particles from the rock matrix. These solids venues generated by the gas flow can cause damages to the equipment on site leading the operator to limit or stop the production of wells. The injection of hydro-soluble polymers (linear polyacrylamide or microgels) is one of the promising techniques employed today to reduce and, in some cases, stop the production of solids as demonstrated by the results of tests conducted in France on reservoirs of Storengy - GDF Suez.An experimental study was conducted to better understand the mechanisms underlying the performance of polymer treatments and to increase their efficiency. Two main aspects have been experimentally evidenced: sand grains consolidation and polymer coating of the pore surface. Tests were carried out to accurately assess the impact of the adsorption of polymer on the mobilization of particles (called fines) and a comprehensive study was conducted showing the properties of treatments to (re)consolidate the rock matrix. In the first case, the polymer acts as a physicochemical barrier preventing the detachment of fines that can form the inter-granular cement and the effectiveness of treatments is based on the proportion of pores surface covered by the polymer. In the second case, the polymer takes the place of cleaved cement; the effectiveness and durability of treatments thus depend on mechanical properties of the inter-granular solids bounds formed after drying of capillary bridges
Sáinz-García, Álvaro. "Dynamique de stockage souterrain de gaz : aperçu à partir de modèles numériques de dioxyde de carbone et d'hydrogène". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30187/document.
Texto completoClimate change mitigation is one of the major challenges of our time. The anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions have continuously increased since industrial revolution leading to global warming. A broad portfolio of mitigation technologies has to be implemented to fulfill international greenhouse gas emissions agreements. Some of them comprises the use of the underground as a storage of various substances. In particular, this thesis addresses the dynamics of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) underground storage. Numerical models are a very useful tool to estimate the processes taking place at the subsurface. During this thesis, a solute transport in porous media module and various multiphase flow formulations have been implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics (Comsol, 2016). These numerical tools help to progress in the understanding of the migration and interaction of fluids in porous underground storages. Three models that provide recommendations to improve the efficiency, monitoring and safety of the storages are presented in this manuscript: two in the context of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and one applied to underground hydrogen storage (UHS). Each model focus on a specific research question: Multiphase model on CCS. The efficiency and long-term safety of underground CO2 storage depend on the migration and trapping of the buoyant CO2 plume. The wide range of temporal and spatial scales involved poses challenges in the assessment of the trapping mechanisms and the interaction between them. In this chapter a two-phase dynamic numerical model able to capture the effects of capillarity, dissolution and convective mixing on the plume migration is applied to a syncline-anticline aquifer structure. In anticline aquifers, the slope of the aquifer and the distance of injection to anticline crest determine the gravity current migration and, thus, the trapping mechanisms affecting the CO2. The anticline structure halts the gravity current and promotes free-phase CO2 accumulation beneath the anticline crest, stimulating the onset of convection and, thus, accelerating CO2 dissolution. Variations on the gravity current velocity due to the anticline slope can lead to plume splitting and different free-phase plume depletion time is observed depending on the injection location. Injection at short distances from the anticline crest minimizes the plume extent but retards CO2 immobilization. On the contrary, injection at large distances from anticline crest leads to large plume footprints and the splitting of the free-phase plume. The larger extension yields higher leakage risk than injection close to aquifer tip; however, capillary trapping is greatly enhanced, leading to faster free-phase CO2 immobilization. Reactive transport model on convective mixing in CCS. Dissolution of carbon-dioxide into formation fluids during carbon capture and storage (CCS) can generate an instability with a denser CO2-rich fluid located above the less dense native aquifer fluid. This instability promotes convective mixing, enhancing CO2 dissolution and favouring the storage safety
Viguier, Françoise. "Ecoulements diphasiques lors de la vidange d'un réservoir de gaz liquéfiés sous pression. Comparaison Eau - CFC11-CFC113". Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844457.
Texto completoEsnault, Benoît. "La transition du monopole à la concurrence sur les marchés du gaz naturel en Europe : l'importance stratégique du stockage souterrain". Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOE014.
Texto completoTayeb, Firas. "Underground gas storage thermodynamics : from laboratory to salt caverns". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM005.
Texto completoThe increasing integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid requires the development of sophisticated energy storage technologies to efficiently address the difficulties caused by their fluctuating and intermittent supply. This study delves into the underground storage of gases in salt caverns, which has emerged as a promising solution for overcoming these challenges. The work begins with laboratory-scale experimental studies to elucidate the CO2 and H2 dissolution kinetics in aqueous solutions (pure water and brine) using the pressure decay method, while also measuring gas humidity through an innovative storage pilot to assess the influence of mass transfer on the gas-rich phase. Building on these experimental studies, the work proceeds towards the development of mathematical and numerical models that simulate these processes, allowing for a deeper analysis and comprehension of gas behavior under storage conditions. The latter part of the study extends these models to a real cavern environment, assessing CO2 and H2 dissolution in brine and the behavior of humid gases within the salt caverns
Henrion, Eric. "Suivi géodésique des réservoirs souterrains". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2019/Henrion_Eric_2019_ED413.pdf.
Texto completoThis study focuses on underground reservoirs, used for gas storage in salt caverns, and geothermal energy production. The objective is to develop a methodology using spatial geodesy (InSAR and GNSS) to extract a maximum of information from the surface deformation resulting from underground processes (pressure and volume variations). The vegetated areas overhanging the studied reservoirs are subject to significant temporal decorrelation, which is unfavourable for an efficient application of InSAR. The results show that it is possible to extract multi-millimeter displacements by combining these two techniques. This work also shows that InSAR can be used as a warning tool via fast processing, a compromise between speed and accuracy. The availability of Sentinel-1 data (free) offers unrivalled monitoring prospects in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, logistics and economics
Djizanne, Djakeun Hippolyte. "Stabilité mécanique d'une cavité saline soumise à des variations rapides de pression : Application au stockage souterrain de gaz naturel, d’air comprimé et d’hydrogène". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01130986/document.
Texto completoSalt caverns used for the underground storage of large volumes of natural gas are in high demand given the ever-increasing energy needs. The storage of renewable energy is also envisaged in these salt caverns for example, storage of compressed air and hydrogen mass storage. In both cases, salt caverns are more solicited than before because they are subject to rapid injection and withdrawal rates. These new operating modes raise new mechanical problems, illustrated in particular by sloughing, and falling of overhanging blocks at cavern wall. Indeed, to the purely mechanical stress related to changes in gas pressure variations, repeated dozens of degrees Celsius of temperature variation are superimposed; causes in particular during withdrawal, additional tensile stresses whom may lead to fractures at cavern wall; whose evolution could be dangerous. The mechanical behavior of rock salt is known: it is elasto-viscoplastic, nonlinear and highly thermo sensitive. The existing rock salt constitutive laws and failures and damages criteria have been used to analyze the behavior of caverns under the effects of these new loading. The study deals with the thermo mechanics of rocks and helps to analyze the effects of these new operations modes on the structural stability of salt caverns. The approach was to firstly design and validate a thermodynamic model of the behavior of gas in the cavern. This model was used to analyze blowout in gas salt cavern. Then, with the thermo mechanical coupling, to analyze the effects of rapid withdrawal, rapid injection and daily cycles on the structural stability of caverns. At the experimental level, we sought the optimal conditions to the occurrence and the development of cracks on a pastille and a block of rock salt. The creep behavior of rock salt specimens in triaxial extension also was analyzed
Durand-Viel, Laure. "Stratégies d'engagement et pouvoir de marché : une application au marché du gaz naturel". Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090018.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of commitment strategies in oligopolistic markets, with a particular focus on the European market for natural gas. The first chapter focuses on capacity investments in a bilateral relationship where the buyer-investor faces the threat of holdup. While some commitment is necessary to ensure investment, a too long commitment by the seller can lead to a lower investment level. The second chapter analyzes the strategic use of storage in a successive oligopoly and shows that while demand preemption through storage can be profitable, firms can however choose to commit not to use such a strategy. The third chapter provides a positive and normative analysis of gas release programs that aim at fostering competition in the downstream gas market by granting new entrants access to the incumbent's long-term contracts with foreign producers. Finally, the fourth chapter analyzes how real asset valuation methods based on spot market arbitrage can lead to suboptimal investment choices
Marchand, Baptiste. "Performance et durabilité de traitements de puits de stockage de gaz à base de coulis de géopolymères". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0021.
Texto completoThe use of geopolymer cements is investigated as grouts in the industrial context of sand production from natural gas storage wells. The aim is to reinforce the sandstone storage pocket, without impairing its gas transport ability. Sand production is currently hindered by chemical methods only efficient over a limited timeframe and in the absence of underground water seepage or brine.A compacted sand medium has been developed, which is analogous to in situ sandstones. A reference geopolymer cement has been adapted from a stoichiometry of (1 Al2O3, 3.6 SiO2, 1 Na2O, 11 H2O), made with sodium silicate alkali-activated metakaolin. The grout has been diluted to reach a viscosity on the order of that of water. The metakaolin powder granulometry has been refined by wet grinding, in order to guarantee adequate injectability of the geopolymer solid-liquid suspension.At a centimeter scale, the impact of geopolymer grouts has been quantified on both its consolidation ability and its gas permeability, using a fluidization experiment. The water resistance of geopolymer grouts has been proven at this scale.At a multi-centimeter scale, the adequacy of our geopolymer grouts is quantified using an experimental set-up developed from the typical triaxial failure test in soil mechanics. It follows a gas permeability test of compacted sand, before and after consolidation by the geopolymer grout. Our results have proven conclusive. In particular, the impact of geopolymer grouts is smaller than 10% on gas permeability, as required by the industrial specifications. Consolidation by geopolymer grouts is also significantly better than an existing chemical grout solution (based on Polyacrylamide)
Lacroix, Elodie. "Développements de protocoles méthodologiques pour le monitoring géochimique appliqué à la détection de fuite d'hydrogène (H₂) à l'aplomb des sites de stockage souterrain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0342.
Texto completoCombined with the energy transition, underground H₂ storage is a storage solution for the energy. The research project named "Rostock'H" integrating this thesis work associated the University of Lorraine and Ineris to develop geochemical monitoring methods in order to analyze the risks and opportunities. This project aims to study the risks and opportunities of H₂ storage in salt caverns. The next goal is to be able to store H₂ in a volume of up to 1,000,000 m³ between 300 and 1,400 m deep. The development of an underground storage site involves controlling pre, syn and post-operational risks by geochemical monitoring methods. Colorless and odorless, H₂ is a volatile and explosive gas. A particular attention is therefore paid to the risks of subsurface leakage from these storage sites and to the metrology associated with this detection. This thesis work had three main objectives: (i) to experiment in-situ and continuous monitoring methods from dissolved gas injections on a dedicated experimental site, (ii) to determine the potential impacts of a leak in “soils” and “aquifers” with a modeled analysis of the geochemical behavior of H₂ and associated parameters, (iii) to establish recommendations and a monitoring strategy for existing or future underground storage sites to prevent potential H₂ leakages. Composed of a semi-confined aquifer from 13 m deep, this experimental site in the Paris Basin has several wells and equipments reaching the saturated and unsaturated zones. Oxidizing, oxygenated and moderately mineralized, the waters of this aquifer have an initial chemical composition belonging to the calcium bicarbonate facies with a slight alteration in nitrates and sulphates. Several steps were necessary to simulate and model a potential leak: - Preparation of the site and choice of the metrological systems that will be deployed - Establishment of the initial state of the site through the definition of a geochemical baseline from measurements of the piezometric level, physico-chemical parameters, analyzes of ionic species and dissolved gas measurements in a dedicated well by combining of the Raman and infrared spectroscopies - Co-injection of dissolved He and hydrogeological tracers to validate the experimental protocol of the H₂ injection and to allow a first analysis of the aquifer dynamics - Co-injection of dissolved H₂ and tracers selected according to the adapted protocol linked to the experience feedback from the He injection - Post-injection monitoring to determine the impacts and the kinetics of return in the initial state of the aquifer using in particular the monitoring system of dissolved gases by optical sensors. An initial concentration of H₂ dissolved at 1.78 mg.L-1 was injected under surface conditions for 2.5 hours into the aquifer. The migration of the dissolved H₂ plume as well as other gases initially present in the aquifer was monitored both by continuous method (Raman and infrared spectroscopies) and discontinuous measurements (partial degassing). A dynamic of H₂ transfer in the water table was observed up to 20 m downstream from the injection well: 0.6 mg.L⁻¹ at 5 m, 0.17 mg.L⁻¹ at 7 m then 1.8*10⁻³ mg.L⁻¹ of H₂ at 10 and 20 m during the first week. Following the addition of H₂(aq), the physico-chemistry of the aquifer was modified with an increase of pH, a decrease of redox potential and of the O₂(aq) concentration. From continuous measurements by Raman spectroscopy (at 7 m downstream the injection well), a 2D model was established on the basis of a mixed H₂ diffusion/advection process, assuming a single-channel flow in the aquifer. The experimental results acquired in this thesis work validate, over the long term, the metrological choices applied, with a detection limit of H₂ in aquifer lowered to 0.02 mg.L⁻¹. These results thus confirm the feasibility of monitoring dissolved H2 in shallow aquifers and highlight the potential impacts of leakages from underground storage reaching the surface
Amiell, Patrick. "Ecoulements diphasiques gaz-liquide en milieu poreux : etude sur modele physique d'aquifere monoclinal". Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0101.
Texto completoLavest, Pascal. "Modélisation de la structure interne des réservoirs de type fluviatile : application sur un site de stockage de gaz en aquifère". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_LAVEST_P.pdf.
Texto completoFeniou, Romain. "Etude du transfert d’un composé trace dans un gaz de stockage vers un aquifère. Mesures et Modélisation. Cas du mercure". Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3039.
Texto completoFor nearly 55 years, TIGF operates two gas storages in an aquifer in the southwest of France. The stored gas is mainly composed of methane (CH4 over 90%) but it also contains other light hydrocarbons (
Kazantsev, Alexandre. "Perturbations d'amplitude du bruit ambiant au droit des hétérogéneités : étude de faisabilité pour l'exploration et la surveillance de réservoirs multi-fluide". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM075/document.
Texto completoThis PhD work investigates the possible elastic mechanisms behind the ambient noise amplification above multi-phase fluid reservoirs. Three datasets are analysed above different reservoirs. The observed spectral signature is different in the gas storage and geothermal contexts. A non-supervised algorithm for amplitude spectrum classification is developed, allowing to extract and map the relevant attributes of a multi-phase fluid presence. As a first modelling step, a wavefield characterisation methodology is applied to determine the composition of the ambient noise. It reveals the presence of strong Rayleigh overtones. Numerical 2D elastic modelling is used to simulate the propagation of overtones across a reservoir within a realistic geological structure. The modelled reservoir response is too small compared to the real data. However, the small amplitude perturbations arising in the numerical simulations are successfully inverted for the position of the reservoir, in simple background models. The developed method could in theory be used for imaging small time-lapse amplitude variations (monitoring), despite the obstacles remaining to be overcome before a real-data application. Neither visco-elastic nor 3D effects are adressed. Thus this work does not exclude the possibility of strong reservoir-specific spectral anomalies
Sin, Irina. "Modélisation numérique d’écoulement diphasique compressible et transport réactif en milieux poreux - Applications à l'étude de stockage de CO2 et de réservoir de gaz naturel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0058.
Texto completoHuman activity in the subsurface has rapidly been expanding and diversifying (waste disposal, new mining technologies, high-frequency storage of energy), while the public and regulatory expectations keep growing. The assessment of each step of underground operations requires careful safety and environmental impact evaluations. They rely on elaborate simulators and multiphysics modeling. With its process-based approach, reactive transport simulation provides an effective way to understand and predict the behavior of such complex systems at different time and spatial scale.This work aims at incorporating a compressible multiphase flow into conventional reactive transport framework by an operator splitting approach. A multiphase flow module is developed in the HYTEC reactive transport software. A new approach is then developed to fully couple multiphase multicomponent compressible flow, the complex thermodynamic description of the fluid properties, with existing reactive transport codes. The method is implemented in HYTEC. Some validation is provided, before application to the simulation of underground storage of CO2 and associated impurities
Perlot, Céline. "INFLUENCE DE LA DÉCALCIFICATION DE MATERIAUX CIMENTAIRES SUR LES PROPRIÉTÉS DE TRANSFERT : APPLICATION AU STOCKAGE PROFOND DE DÉCHETS RADIOACTIFS". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274268.
Texto completoIl convient de s'assurer de la pérennité de cette structure pendant une durée au moins égale à celle de la vie des déchets (jusqu'à 100 000 ans). Sa durabilité a été éprouvée par l'évolution des propriétés de transfert en fonction de la décalcification de matériaux cimentaires, altération traduisant le vieillissement de l'ouvrage.
Deux modes de dégradation ont ainsi été appliqués tenant compte des différentes interactions physico-chimiques induites par la formation hôte.
Le premier, de type statique, a consisté en une décalcification accélérée par le nitrate d'ammonium. Il simule l'altération de la barrière ouvragée par les eaux souterraines. La cinétique de la dégradation a été estimée par le suivi du calcium lixivié et l'avancée du front de dissolution de l'hydroxyde de calcium.
Pour évaluer l'impact de la décalcification, les échantillons ont été caractérisés à l'état sain puis dégradé, en termes de microstructure (porosité, distribution porosimétrique) et de propriétés de transfert (diffusivité, perméabilité au gaz et à l'eau).
L'influence de la nature du liant (CEM I et CEM V/A) et des granulats (calcaires et siliceux) a été observée en répétant les essais sur différentes formulations de mortiers.
A cette occasion, une importante réflexion sur la métrologie de cet essai a été menée.
Le deuxième mode de dégradation, dynamique, a été réalisé par un perméamètre environnemental. Il recrée les sollicitations subies par l'ouvrage lors de sa phase de resaturation post-fermeture (pression hydraulique imposée par la couche géologique et exothermicité des déchets).
Cet appareillage, basé sur le principe d'une cellule triaxiale, a permis de fixer un gradient de pression entre 2 et 10 MPa et une température de 20 à 80°C. La variation de la perméabilité à l'eau en fonction de ces deux paramètres expérimentaux, découplés et couplés, a été mesurée et reliée aux modifications microstructurales des échantillons.
Mots clés : décalcification, CEM I, CEM V/A, diffusivité, perméabilité au gaz, perméabilité à l'eau, porosimétrie mercure, dégradation par nitrate d'ammonium, perméamètre environnemental, gradient de pression, température, stockage nucléaire souterrain.
Hagemann, Birger. "Numerical and Analytical Modeling of Gas Mixing and Bio-Reactive Transport during Underground Hydrogen Storage". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0328/document.
Texto completoIn the context of energy revolution large quantities of storage capacity are required for the integration of strongly fluctuating energy production from wind and solar power plants. The conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen is one of the technical possibilities. The technology of underground hydrogen storage (UHS), where hydrogen is stored in subsurface formations similar to the storage of natural gas, is currently in the exploratory focus of several European countries. Compared to the storage of natural gas in subsurface formations, which is established since many years, hydrogen shown some significant differences in its hydrodynamic and bio-chemical behavior. These aspects were investigated in the present thesis by different analytical and numerical approaches
Kazantsev, Alexandre. "Perturbations d'amplitude du bruit ambiant au droit des hétérogéneités : étude de faisabilité pour l'exploration et la surveillance de réservoirs multi-fluide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM075.
Texto completoThis PhD work investigates the possible elastic mechanisms behind the ambient noise amplification above multi-phase fluid reservoirs. Three datasets are analysed above different reservoirs. The observed spectral signature is different in the gas storage and geothermal contexts. A non-supervised algorithm for amplitude spectrum classification is developed, allowing to extract and map the relevant attributes of a multi-phase fluid presence. As a first modelling step, a wavefield characterisation methodology is applied to determine the composition of the ambient noise. It reveals the presence of strong Rayleigh overtones. Numerical 2D elastic modelling is used to simulate the propagation of overtones across a reservoir within a realistic geological structure. The modelled reservoir response is too small compared to the real data. However, the small amplitude perturbations arising in the numerical simulations are successfully inverted for the position of the reservoir, in simple background models. The developed method could in theory be used for imaging small time-lapse amplitude variations (monitoring), despite the obstacles remaining to be overcome before a real-data application. Neither visco-elastic nor 3D effects are adressed. Thus this work does not exclude the possibility of strong reservoir-specific spectral anomalies
Perlot, Céline. "Influence de la décalcification de matériaux cimentaires sur les propriétés de transfert : application au stockage profond de déchets radioactifs". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30211.
Texto completoCementitious materials have been selected to compose engineering barrier system (EBS) of the french radioactive waste deep repository, because of concrete physico-chemical properties: the hydrates of the cementitious matrix and the pH of the pore solution contribute to radionuclides retention; furthermore the compactness of these materials limits elements transport. The confinement capacity of the system has to be assessed while a period at least equivalent to waste activity (up to 100. 000 years). His durability was sustained by the evolution of transfer properties in accordance with cementitious materials decalcification, alteration that expresses structure long-term behavior. Then, two degradation modes were carried out, taking into account the different physical and chemical interactions imposed by the host formation. The first mode, a static one, was an accelerated decalcification using nitrate ammonium solution. It replicates EBS alteration dues to underground water. Degradation kinetic was estimated by the amount of calcium leached and the measurement of the calcium hydroxide dissolution front. To evaluate the decalcification impact, samples were characterized before and after degradation in term of microstructure (porosity, pores size distribution) and of transfer properties (diffusivity, gas and water permeability). The influence of cement nature (ordinary Portland cement, blended cement) and aggregates type (lime or siliceous) was observed: experiments were repeated on different mortars mixes. On this occasion, an essential reflection on this test metrology was led. The second mode, a dynamical degradation, was performed with an environmental permeameter. It recreates the EBS solicitations ensured during the resaturation period, distinguished by the hydraulic pressure imposed by the geologic layer and the waste exothermicity. This apparatus, based on triaxial cell functioning, allows to applied on samples pressure drop between 2 and 10 MPa and temperature from 20 to 80°C. Water permeability evolution relating to experimental parameters, uncoupled or coupled, was relied to mortars microstructural modifications
Labat, Nicolas. "Rôle de particularités sédimentaires et structurales sur le comportement de l'aquifère des sables sous-molassiques soumis aux fluctuations induites par des stockages souterrains de gaz : application à l'étude de leur influence sur l'hydrodynamisme des émergences locales". Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30202.
Texto completoSin, Irina. "Modélisation numérique d’écoulement diphasique compressible et transport réactif en milieux poreux - Applications à l'étude de stockage de CO2 et de réservoir de gaz naturel". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0058/document.
Texto completoHuman activity in the subsurface has rapidly been expanding and diversifying (waste disposal, new mining technologies, high-frequency storage of energy), while the public and regulatory expectations keep growing. The assessment of each step of underground operations requires careful safety and environmental impact evaluations. They rely on elaborate simulators and multiphysics modeling. With its process-based approach, reactive transport simulation provides an effective way to understand and predict the behavior of such complex systems at different time and spatial scale.This work aims at incorporating a compressible multiphase flow into conventional reactive transport framework by an operator splitting approach. A multiphase flow module is developed in the HYTEC reactive transport software. A new approach is then developed to fully couple multiphase multicomponent compressible flow, the complex thermodynamic description of the fluid properties, with existing reactive transport codes. The method is implemented in HYTEC. Some validation is provided, before application to the simulation of underground storage of CO2 and associated impurities
Liu, JiangFeng. "Etanchéité de l’interface argilite-bentonite re-saturée et soumise à une pression de gaz, dans le contexte du stockage profond de déchets radioactifs". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0011/document.
Texto completoIn France, the deep underground nuclear waste repository consists of a natural barrier (in an argillaceous rock named argillite), associated to artificial barriers, including plugs of swelling clay (bentonite)-sand for tunnel sealing purposes. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug in contact with argillite, in presence of both water and gas pressures. To assess the sealing ability of partially water-saturated bentonite/sand plugs, their gas permeability is measured under varying confining pressure (up to 12MPa). It is observed that tightness to gas is achieved under confinement greater than 9MPafor saturation levels of at least 86-91%. We than assess the sealing efficiency of the bentonite-sand plug placed in a tube of argillite or of Plexiglas-aluminium (with a smooth or a rough interface). The presence of pressurized gas affects the effective swelling pressure at values Pgas from 4MPa. Continuous gas breakthrough of fully water-saturated bentonite-sand plugs is obtained for gas pressures on the order of full swelling pressure (7-8MPa), whenever the plug is applied along a smooth interface. Whenever a rough interface is used in contact with the bentonite-sand plug, a gas pressure significantly greater than its swelling pressure is needed for gas to pass continuously. Gas breakthrough tests show that the interface between plug/argillite or the argillite itself are two preferential pathways for gas migration, when the assembly is fully saturated
Fan, Jinyang. "Recherche de propriétés de fatigue dommages et dilatance de roche sous chargement cyclique discontinu". Thesis, Côte d'Azur, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4030/document.
Texto completoSince the salt cavern storage of natural gas and compressed air plays a critical role in ensuring the energy supply and adjusting the seasonal imbalance of power, China government has been constructing numerous new storages in recent years. Because of the seasonal of the seasonal variations of the gas/air pressure, the storages undergo cyclic loading, which causes rock fatigue and induces the associated safety and environmental hazards. The investigation of the discontinuous fatigue of salt under cyclic loading is therefore very important and is the subject of this study, which focuses on the experimental investigations and the development of the constitutive models describing the fatigue deformation. This thesis includes the following principal parts: ① Conventional cyclic loading testing to investigate the basic properties of fatigue in salt. ② Discontinuous cyclic loading tests testing to investigate the discontinuous fatigue. ③ Acoustic emission detecting experimentation to track the evolution of the fatigue damage in the salt. ④ Development of the fatigue life model and constitutive model for the discontinuous fatigue, based on the obtained experimental results
Maurer, Olivier. "Étude de la distribution des espèces soufrées et de la formation de l'hydrogène sulfuré dans les stockages de gaz naturel en aquifère". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569430.
Texto completoReiche-De, Vigan Stéphanie. "Le droit et l'espace souterrain. Enjeux de propriété et de souveraineté en droit international et comparé". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3044.
Texto completoUntil today, there has been little interest of international Law concerning the earth’s subsurface, as the space that extends from the surface of the soil or of the seabed to the center of the earth. On the one hand, there is no rule of international law that regulates the use Sovereign States have of their territorial subsurface. It is currently understood that subsburface activities and property law that regulates them, are within domestic jurisdiction only and do not come under international law scrutinity as they waive the exercice of an absolute independance of States. On the other hand, the existing rules of international law that regulates extraterritorial subsurface, notably the seabed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond national jurisdiction and the Antarctic, consider the earth’s subsurface mostly in terms of use and exploitation of mineral resources. Faced with the evergrowing uses of the subsurface that are solely used for extraction or for injection and storing, and regarding the impacts of some underground activities on the environment and on human rights, International Law must play a role by regulating the content and extent of rights that are exercised over the earth’s subsurface inside and outside territorial jurisdiction for development and protection purposes
Bérest, Pierre. "Problemes de mécanique associes au stockage souterrain". Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0124.
Texto completoAri, Julien. "Développement de verres spéciaux adaptés à la photonique moyen infrarouge pour des applications détection et mesure de gaz". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S151/document.
Texto completoGlobal warming due to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main current challenges. In this context, the CO2 storage in geological reservoirs appears as a likely way to limit the consequences of these emissions on the environment. For safety reasons, this management method requires continuous monitoring of the storage tanks by using IR sensors who can go down into the wells. The application of this technology also requires to know the CO2 behavior during various storage steps, in particular when it is in its supercritical state. This is why microfluidics is currently used to simulate and understand the phenomena related to the injection and storage of CO2 in supercritical form. The implementation of such approach requires: (i) the development of novel compact solutions for in situ continuous gas monitoring to secure the storage site and; (ii) a better understanding of the CO2 behavior during the different storage steps.The first research axis of this thesis has consisted in developing vitreous active materials to increase the efficiency of optical CO2 sensor (and eventually other gas like CH4 or CO) for their continuous monitoring in saline aquifer storage sites. This sensor must be able to be deployed in depth and be sensitive to CO2 concentrations below 1000 ppmv to quickly identify any leak. Chalcogenide glasses doped with specific rare earth ions may provide broadband luminescence that can be used to detect infrared signatures of all molecules whose absorption bands are located in the 3-5 µm spectral region. Glass compositions Ga5Ge20Sb10(Se,S)65 (mol.%) doped Pr3+ and Dy3+ have been developed in order to be integrated into a functional environmental CO2 sensor. The multi-sensing gas (CO2, CH4 and CO) potential of these materials has also been investigated.Current HP/HT microfluidic systems do not allow coupling FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. This problem is due to the using of Pyrex glass for the manufacture of these microreactors. That is why the second research axis developed during this thesis has consisted in exploring various vitreous systems to propose an alternative to the Pyrex glass. The target glass had to demonstrate the best compromise between the desired optical, thermomechanical and electrical properties. In this way, glasses based on GeO2 have been developed to meet these specifications, such as the anodic bonding process used to attach the glass on the silicon wafer. The glass composition selected after the completed studies is 70GeO2-15Al2O3-10La2O3-5Na2O (mol.%)
Dufournet, Françoise. "Adaptation des ciments magnesiens au stockage souterrain des dechets nucleaires". Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0088.
Texto completoDufournet, Françoise. "Adaptation des ciments magnésiens au stockage souterrain des déchets nucléaires". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604662j.
Texto completoSoubeyran, Aurélien. "Thermodynamique de stockage souterrain de fluides : Application aux cavités salines". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM009.
Texto completoIn the current energy transition context, ongoing projects intend to temporarily store underground new fluid products (CO2, O2, H2). Their thermodynamic features may differ from those of the commonly stored products in such facilities, whether their own behavior is considered or their interactions with the other species remaining in the reservoir (brine, insoluble materials, NaCl cristal). This work aims to model a salt cavern storage to highlight the thermodynamic properties most impacting the storage behavior the most and influencing the choice of the monitoring process. For this purpose, the modeling of the storage behavior of these new products is compared to the already validated one, achieved on a comparable reference product (here the CH4).This work more specifically focuses on taking into account the mass transfers occuring between the stored fluid and the brine phases. This requires to use more complex equations of states to thermodynamically characterize of the newly considered mixtures and to adapt the equations of the global storage model to incorporate the mass exchanges between the fluid phases, as well as the heat transfers these phenomena induce. Two special aspects are addressed on the mass transfers : on the one hand, their impact on the evolution of the storage conditions, considering the thermodynamic equilibrium at any time, and, on the other, their kinetic evolution. To illustrate these two points, experimentally and numerically, CO2 is observed, due to its relatively high solubility in brine, and compared to CH4, which, inversely, hardly dissolves in it
Rubert, Yolaine. "Contribution à la connaissance des migrations de CO2 naturel dans le Bassin du Sud-Est de la France : enseignements pour le stockage géologique du CO2 dans les réservoirs sédimentaires". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452660.
Texto completoSahyouni, Farah Al. "Impact Thermo-Hydro-Bio-Chemio-Mécanique du stockage géologique souterrain de H₂". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0297.
Texto completoHydrogen produced from water electrolysis appears to be the best candidate for large- scale geological storage to cover the intermittency of renewable energy. It can be stored either in salt caverns or in porous rocks like saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. This thesis proposes an evaluation of the risk of gas leakage in the case of salt cavities and the risk of biogeochemical alteration of the gas stock in the case of porous reservoir rocks. Rock salt is a polycrystalline material with very low intrinsic permeability in undisturbed zones (around 10-21m2). It sealing capacity is due to the specific features of salt mechanical behavior and gas flow in such unconventional reservoirs (Klinkenberg effect). Deviatoric loading under low confining pressure (1MPa) induces a moderate increase in gas permeability from the dilatancy threshold due to microcracking disturbing the impermeability. So, understanding the complex relationship between permeability evolution and the mechanical and thermal solicitations is important to survey any possible risk of leakage. So, we performed a complete set of laboratory experiments on a rock salt specimen (MDPA in the East region of France). The porosity of the studied rock salt is very low (~1%) and the initial permeability varies over 4.5 orders of magnitude. Klinkenberg effect is only observed for the less damaged samples. The poroelastic coupling is almost negligible. Deviatoric loading under low confining pressure (1MPa) induces a moderate increase in gas permeability from the dilatancy threshold due to microcracking. Measurement of ultrasonic wave velocities during uniaxial compression showed an almost irreversible closure of pre-existing microcracks and the opening of axial microcracks that are perpendicular and parallel to the stress direction allowing a precise determination of the dilatancy threshold. Under higher confining pressure (5MPa), the material becomes fully plastic which practically eliminates damage. Under hydrostatic loading, gas permeability decreases because of the self-healing process. All these results give strong confidence in that underground hydrogen storage in salt caverns is the safest solution. In the case of porous reservoir rocks, hydrogen injection can induce geochemical redox reactions between the fluids and minerals and unwanted consumption of hydrogen stock catalyzed by microorganisms tolerating extreme conditions of deep saline aquifers and reservoirs.To study these phenomena, we developed a new experimental device to simulate the biochemical activity under extreme conditions (T=35°C, PH2=50bar, Pconfinement=200bar). The outflowing gas was automatically sampled with a HP-LP valve and the concentration was measured with a micro-gas chromatograph to quantify any change due to hydrogen bio-consumption. We chose to work on the Vosges sandstone where we incubate the Shewanella putrefaciens bacteria that reduce iron in the presence of hydrogen to produce energy. Its metabolism and performance as hydrogenotrophic bacteria were first tested in batch conditions on a rock powder. Results showed that this type of bacteria can reduce the iron present in the medium using endogenous sources of electrons first then hydrogen in the medium but preferentially dissolved hydrogen. Under triaxial conditions, the bacterial activity doesn’t seem to have a significant impact, whatever the initial hydrogen concentration (70% or 5%) and the sampling frequency (one or three days). Many hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed differences between batch and triaxial conditions: the scarcity of dissolved hydrogen in residual water, the low exchange surface for biogeochemical reactions in the case of solid core samples, the slow kinetic of hydrogen consumption by S. Despite the remaining uncertainties related to our experiments, our preliminary results suggest that the underground storage of pure hydrogen in porous reservoir rocks is not severely threatened by [...]
Gaombalet, Jérôme. "Modélisation du gonflement des argiles et de ses effets sur les ouvrages de stockage souterrain". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000854.
Texto completoFaure, Pierre. "Application des techniques de géochimie organique pétrolière à l'étude de problèmes environnementaux : polluants organiques, inertage et stockage des déchets". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL049N.
Texto completoKarimi-Jafari, Mehdi. "Comportement transitoire des cavités salines profondes". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003162.
Texto completoJoly, Patrick. "Analyse du comportement thermique d'une serre munie d'un système de stockage de chaleur souterrain". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1157.
Texto completoKhvoenkova, Nina. "Homogénéisation d'un site de stockage et-ou d'entreposage, en milieu souterrain fracturé ou endommagé". Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10108.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the development and the validation of homogenized flow and radioactive pollutant transport in the fractured rock obtained by homogenization method. We established homogenized models for different physical cases (thin or thick fracturation type, different relations between the permeability and diffusion coefficients, porosities and retard coefficients) from the experimental data on the granite or limestone sites. The homogenized equations keep the information on the microscopic system~: the exchange between fractures and matrix blocs and the initial nonhomogenised media. The studied microscopic models result in three different exchange types. The numerical study of homogenized models shows that the results are closes to the direct simulations. Conclusion is that it is possible to use the homogenization method for industrial needs
Rassafi, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude de chaînes énergétiques solaires avec capteurs à air et stockage souterrain". Valenciennes, 1986. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/216461d0-4cdc-4c55-88de-8900a3b508a0.
Texto completoJoly, Patrick. "Analyse du comportement thermique d'une serre munie d'un système de stockage de chaleur souterrain". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Buscar texto completoRassafi, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude de chaînes énergétiques solaires avec capteurs à air et stockage souterrain". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600649c.
Texto completoAzabou, Mejda. "Modélisation et prédiction du comportement macroscopique du sel gemme dans le contexte du stockage souterrain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM012.
Texto completoThe optimal design of underground facilities in salt formations depends on the quality of the experimental measurements used to develop constitutive laws and to calibrate their parameters, as well as on the predictive abilities of these modelson the short and long term. A comprehensive experimental campaign was carried out, its analysis along with that ofthe existing experimental data base in MINES ParisTech, raised questions concerning the assumption of specimens representativity during laboratory tests. The effect of specimens heterogeneity on the macroscopic behavior of rock saltwas numerically investigated within a virtual laboratory. This investigation showed that specimens heterogeneity can explain the irregularities often observed in experimental measurements and that the tested specimens can be smaller than the required representative volume element (RVE). In an approach allowing to elaborate a macroscopic constitutivelaw and to overcome representativity related issues, the required RVE size was correlated to that of the heterogeneities.The pertinence of the predictive abilities of this macroscopic law was addressed and a new law, aiming to overcome the limitations of existing models in terms of the quality of their long term predictions, was proposed
Schaaf, Thomas. "Couplage inversion et changement d'échelle pour l'intégration des données dynamiques dans les modèles de réservoirs pétroliers". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090046.
Texto completoThorel, Luc. "Plasticité et endommagement des roches ductiles. Application au sel gemme". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529724.
Texto completoAüllo, Thomas. "Atténuation naturelle potentielle de BTEX en aquifère de stockage de gaz". Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3018/document.
Texto completoFrance is dependent on natural gas and imports 98% of its consumption. Like in many other countries (The United States of America, Canada, Great Britain, Austria, Germany, etc.), gas storage is primarily performed to compensate for seasonal variations in consumption. Geological characteristics of our territory allow to store essentially natural gas into deep aquifers (-500 to 1000 meters). Natural gas contains mostly methane, but also traces of other compounds such as BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and the three isomers of Xylene) which are known to be toxic. These mono-aromatic hydrocarbons are soluble in water. Anaerobic biodegradation is much slower than aerobic processes however potential for anaerobic BTEX natural attenuation by indigenous microbial communities has already been shown previously. Although many studies have been done on the topic, the anaerobic degradation pathways are only partially known and the knowledge of microorganisms involved is low or nonexistent. The development of in situ molecular biomarkers will allow rapid evaluation of the potential degradation of aquifer microorganisms. To achieve this goal, a better understanding of the mechanisms of degradation is crucial and requires isolation of microorganisms involved in the degradation of these compounds. In this study, microbial communities sampled from formation waters of three distinct aquifers (named in this work A, C and D) were studied using three different environmental microbiology approaches. All these results and those from the literature suggest the ubiquity of sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Gram positive Desulfotomaculum in deep environments. The results obtained during this PhD suggest the importance of microorganisms related to the genus Desulfotomaculum in BTEX degradation in deep aquifers. This work represents a step forward in understanding the phenomenon of natural attenuation of BTEX in this kind of environment
Shah, Virenkumar. "Propriétés interfaciales contrôlant la sécurité du stockage géologique des gaz acides". Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3015.
Texto completoAcid gas geological storage is a process under which acid gas (CO2, H2S) is injected in a geological formation and thus stored away from the atmosphere for a long time (hundreds of years). It is a promising process to reduce CO2 atmospheric emissions and an alternative to the transformation of H2S into sulphur by the Claus process. In this process, the acid gas buoyantly rises to the top of the formation and accumulates beneath the caprock, a low permeable medium imbibed with water. This thesis investigates the interfacial properties involved in capillary failure of the caprock: water/acid gas interfacial tension (IFT) and caprock’s water-wettability. It presents the first ever systematic IFT and contact angle measurements under storage conditions (up to 150 bar and 120°C) with H2S-rich acid gases, as well as a model to predict IFTs between water and non-polar or slightly-polar compounds. Water/H2S IFT decreases with increasing pressure and levels off at around 9-10 mN/m at high pressure and temperature (T ≥ 70°C, P > 120 bar). However, wettability alteration due to the presence of dense acid gas is limited in the case of natural and model substrates typically present in the caprock, except in the case of mica, which exhibits pronounced alteration in the presence of H2S. These properties have a strong impact on various quantities of practical interest in geological storage, such as the maximum injection and storage pressure and potential storage capacity of a given formation. These quantities are significantly lowered in the case of H2S-rich gas as compared to CH4 and even CO2; they should be carefully determined when planning an acid gas geological storage operation
Mary, Jean-Pierre. "Thermohydraulique d'aquiferes a double porosite : application au stockage de chaleur". Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0026.
Texto completoEl, Murr Anis. "Etude du revêtement des cavités minées dans un stockage adiabatique d'air comprimé". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0065.
Texto completoEnergy storage is a major challenge to ensure the safety of electrical networks and to promote the development of renewable energies. Veritable alternative to Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH), the energy storage using compressed air (for CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage) is one of the most interesting technologies. In conventional systems currently in use, the compression energy is lost and the air is preheated during the expansion phase. This results in emission of CO2 and a low efficiency of about 50%. The AA-CAES (Advanced Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage) aims to overcome these two drawbacks by storing the heat of compression in a thermal regenerator and restoring it before expansion in the turbine. Given the high thermal, mechanical and cyclic loading subject to the regenerator, the design of a lining capable of ensuring stability, insulation and sealing is a main issue of the system. This crucial point is the main axis around which this research is articulated. A laboratory testing campaign has been conducted to study the thermal, mechanical and hydraulic behavior of all materials involved in the underground regenerator excavated in a crystalline rock. For the humid air, whose thermodynamic behavior is not well studied within the range of the high foreseen temperatures and pressures, a new theoretical model was developed. In the same way, a thermo-hydro-mechanical model was developed for a deformable porous medium saturated with a compressible fluid. The implementation of this last model into a finite element numerical code was used to examine several lining configurations and to study the effect of coupling mechanisms on the temperature field and the mechanical stability. To validate the developments made and the proposed lining solutions, a prototype of a small scale regenerator combining temperature and pressure was built in the LITEN laboratory of CEA in Grenoble. The results of the conducted experiments and modeling revealed the importance of the convection phenomenon in the insulating bricks of the lining and the need to seal the system before thermal insulation
Karnaeva, Ekaterina. "Amorçage et propagation des réseaux de fractures dans le contexte du stockage de CO2 : étanchéité des couvertures". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066513.
Texto completoOne way to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emission in the atmosphere is to inject CO2 in deep geological formations. The long term safety of the storage site is ensured by the impermeable multilayered caprock that covers the porous reservoir, it prevents migration of the injected CO2. However, due to the injection, the inner pressure increases and the caprock may be fractured because of displacements or compressions of inside fluids. These may promote a hydraulic intrusive fracture located at the bottom of the caprock to penetrate into the next layer or to deflect at the interface between the beds. The goal is to determine the optimal injection conditions and quantify maximal CO2 injection pressure in order to avoid the risk of fracture initiation and propagation. This study aims at establishing the conditions that control the behaviour of a dyke-type fracture near the bedding contact during CO2 injection. The analysis is based on the theory of brittle fracture mechanics and carried out in the framework of the coupled energy-stress failure criterion proposed by Leguillon. In this work the original energy-stress criterion was extended by taking into account the overburden load and the fluid pressure inside the fracture. Thanks to the coupled energy-stress criterion we have the right tool to study the effect: (i) of the contrasts between elastic properties of materials (Young’s moduli, toughness and tensile strength), (ii) of the loads (overburden load and fluid pressure), on the behaviour of a dyke-type fracture near the bedding contact. This approach allows testing a large range of parameters and drawing maps of the crack behaviour
Maleki, Keyvan. "Modélisation numérique du couplage entre l'endommagement et la perméabilité des roches : application à l'étude des ouvrages de stockage souterrain". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000885.
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