Artículos de revistas: "Stimulants de germination"

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Logan, David C. y George R. Stewart. "Thidiazuron stimulates germination and ethylene production inStriga hermonthica– comparison with the effects of GR-24, ethylene and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid". Seed Science Research 5, n.º 2 (junio de 1995): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500002671.

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AbstractSeed germination of the hemiparasitic angiospermStriga hermonthicais elicited by compounds present in the root exudates of the host plant. A variety of chemicals can substitute for the host-derived signal although the exact mechanism through which these act is unknown. In the present study, thidiazuron (TDZ), a cytokinin-active urea derivative was found to stimulate germination. This thidiazuron-induced germination was shown to be mediated by endogenous ethylene, by a similar mechanism to germination induced by host-root exudate and the synthetic stimulant GR-24. Comparing the effects of TDZ, host-root exudate, GR-24 and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-car-boxylic (ACC) suggests that ethylene production increases as a result of increased ACC synthesis and is consistent with a model forStrigaseed germination in which host-derived signals and other stimulants act by eliciting the synthesis of ethylene via a stimulation of ACC synthase activity. All germination stimulants tested trigger a rapid increase in O2uptake by conditioned seeds. The patterns of O2uptake following TDZ or GR-24 treatments show similarities and three distinct phases of respiration are apparent. In contrast, stimulation of O2uptake by ethylene results in a different pattern, with no distinct phases obvious following the initial burst of activity.

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Howell, C. R. "Cotton Seedling Preemergence Damping-Off Incited by Rhizopus oryzae and Pythium spp. and Its Biological Control with Trichoderma spp." Phytopathology® 92, n.º 2 (febrero de 2002): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.2.177.

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Planting the cotton cv. Sure-Grow 747 in cotton seedling disease plots during the 2001 growing season resulted in high levels of preemergence damping-off among the seedlings. Four cotton pathogens, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, an unidentified Pythium sp., and Rhizopus oryzae, were isolated from diseased seed embryos and seedlings. Disease incited by the Pythium spp. could be controlled by seed treatment with Metalaxyl, but disease incited by R. oryzae could not. Seed treatment with Metalaxyl in naturally infested field soil was only partially effective; therefore, symptoms in 47% of the diseased seedlings could be attributed to R. oryzae. Susceptibility to disease appeared to be related to release in the spermosphere, by the germinating seeds, of compounds that stimulate pathogen propagule germination, because exudates from seed of the suscept Sure-Grow 747 and extracts from wheat bran induced pathogen germination and growth, whereas exudates from resistant cv. Stoneville 213 did not. However, even Stoneville 213 became susceptible when infested soil was amended with wheat bran. Seed treatment with preparations of Trichoderma virens parent, mutant, and hybrid strains gave effective biological control of preemergence damping-off. Disease control was attributable to metabolism by the biocontrol agent of pathogen germination stimulants released by the seed, because amendment of pathogen-infested soil with the propagule germination stimulants in wheat bran negated the protective effect of the seed treatment.

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Matusova, Radoslava, Tom van Mourik y Harro J. Bouwmeester. "Changes in the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to germination stimulants". Seed Science Research 14, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2004): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2004187.

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The effects of preconditioning temperature and preconditioning period on the sensitivity of parasitic weed seeds to the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 were studied under laboratory and field conditions. The temperature during preconditioning ofOrobanche cumanaandStriga hermonthicaseeds strongly affected the responsiveness of the seeds to the applied germination stimulant. Preconditioning at an optimal temperature (21°C forO. cumanaand 30°C forS. hermonthica) rapidly released dormancy and increased the sensitivity to GR24 by several orders of magnitude. After reaching maximum sensitivity, prolonged preconditioning rapidly induced secondary dormancy, i.e. decreased sensitivity ofO. cumanaandS. hermonthicato GR24. The rapid change in sensitivity of preconditioned seeds to germination stimulants during prolonged preconditioning was particularly visible at low concentrations of GR24. GR24 at higher concentrations (0.1 and 1 mg l1) usually induced high germination of both species, regardless of the preconditioning period. The striking similarities between the response of parasitic weed seeds to GR24, described here, and results in the literature on non-parasitic wild plant seeds are discussed. Our results show that parasitic weed seeds are highly sensitive to the germination stimulant for a short period of time only, and then enter into secondary dormancy relatively quickly. The similar germination pattern ofS. hermonthicaseeds preconditioned for prolonged periods of time under laboratory and field conditions suggests that the mechanism observed is of ecological significance.

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4

Krock, Bernd, Sybille Schmidt, Christian Hertweck y Ian T. Baldwin. "Vegetation-derived abscisic acid and four terpenes enforce dormancy in seeds of the post-fire annual,Nicotiana attenuata". Seed Science Research 12, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2002): 239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ssr2002117.

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AbstractThe native tobacco,Nicotiana attenuata, synchronizes its germination with the immediate post-fire environment with a combination of germination stimulants found in wood smoke and inhibitors from the unburned litter of the dominant vegetation. The inhibitors override the stimulants and prevent seeds from germinating maladaptively in unburned habitats adjacent to burns. To understand the physiological basis of this environmental control of germination, we tested several previously isolated signals, phytohormones and their respective biosynthesis inhibitors. The germination inhibitors methyl jasmonate (MeJA, a constituent of sagebrush litter), bornane-2,5-dione (BD, a constituent of juniper litter extract, JLE) and JLE did not alter abscisic acid (ABA) content of imbibed seeds. Treatment with the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, inhibited the dormancy-inducing effects of BD, JLE and MeJA, but surprisingly did not affect endogenous ABA levels in treated seeds. However, ABA leached from litter of the species, which dominate the plant community before fires, plays an important role in germination control. We conclude thatN. attenuataseeds, which can lie dormant in the soil for 150 years between fires, time their germination with the post-fire environment by responding to smoke, ABA and four terpenes (BD, 1,8-cineole, β-thujaplicin and camphor) leaching from the litter of the dominant vegetation.

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5

Ostroshenko, Valentina Yu y Lyudmila Yu Ostroshenko. "Influence of Growth Stimulants on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)". Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2023): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-93-104.

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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a potential introduced plant that can be used for reforestation in the southern part of Primorsky Krai. This plant is valuable for water regulation and mountain strengthening. It is widely used in the national economy. However, the growing area of the stands reduces with logging. It is possible to speed up the regeneration process by applying growth stimulants. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of natural (Zircon, Ekopin, Ribav-Extra) and synthetic (Krezatzin, Epin-Extra) growth stimulants on seed germination and biometric parameters of annual and biennial Scots pine seedlings (height, root collar diameter, length of root lobes, and biomass). Before cultivation, the seeds were soaked for 1 hour in a solution of KMnO4 (0.5 %) followed by 20 hours in growth stimulant solutions with concentrations 1.4·10–3 ml/l. The control group was presented with seeds without stimulant treatment. The soil germination was controlled on day 15. It was also determined the effectiveness of the stimulants as root top dressing for annual and biennial seedlings. The concentrations of the solutions were 0.2 and 0.1 ml/l with water as a solvent. The referentce group was seedlings without fertilization. Krezatzin, Ribav-Extra, and Ecopin had a significant impact on seed germination (92.7–94.0 %), exceeding the control group by 5.7–7.2 %. Krezatzin, Ribav-Extra, Zircon and Ecopin were most effective for Scots pine seedlings. In the first year of growth, seedling height increased by 20.3–43.5 %, root collar diameter by 22.2–38.9 %, root lobe length by 23.5–52.9 %. In the second year, these indicators exceeded the control group by 18.4–75.5, 2.9–11.8 and 15.0–36.1 %, respectively. The biomass of biennial seedlings increased by 63.7–185.2 % compared to the control group with the use of these stimulants. The solution concentration of 0.1 ml/l was more effective. The biennial seedlings grown using the stimulants as root top dressing according to biometric indicators meet the requirements of the Reforestation Regulations 2020, significantly exceeding the values specified in them. These seedlings can be used for planting woodlands and landscaping in populated areas. For citation: Ostroshenko V.Yu., Ostroshenko L.Yu. Influence of Growth Stimulants on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 93–104. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-93-104

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Fedotov, G. N., V. S. Shalaev, Yu P. Batyrev y I. V. Gorepekin. "METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING SEEDS GERMINATION STIMULANTS EFFECTIVENESS". FORESTRY BULLETIN 22, n.º 6 (2018): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/2542-1468-2018-6-95-101.

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7

Flematti, Gavin R., Adrian Scaffidi, Ethan D. Goddard-Borger, Charles H. Heath, David C. Nelson, Lucy E. Commander, Robert V. Stick, Kingsley W. Dixon, Steven M. Smith y Emilio L. Ghisalberti. "Structure−Activity Relationship of Karrikin Germination Stimulants". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58, n.º 15 (11 de agosto de 2010): 8612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf101690a.

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8

Sun, Kingmo, Yuzhong Chen, Ty Wagerle, David Linnstaedt, Martin Currie, Preston Chmura, Ying Song y Ming Xu. "Synthesis of butenolides as seed germination stimulants". Tetrahedron Letters 49, n.º 18 (abril de 2008): 2922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.03.024.

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9

Saadah, I. R., A. Rahayu, J. P. Sahat, A. W. Wulandari, H. Jayanti, D. N. Susilowati, C. Azmi y T. Handayani. "Bio-stimulants derived from seaweed enhance true shallot seed (TSS) growth". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, n.º 1 (1 de septiembre de 2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012024.

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Abstract The obstacles that farmers face by using the True Shallot Seed (TSS) due to the germination ability. In a laboratory level, the application of bio-stimulants was tested to enhance the TSS germination. Two types of bio-stimulants namely Bio A and Bio B with 16 treatment were tested with the TSS. Hypocotyl length, speed of seed germination, germination percentage, seedling growth rate, number of dead seeds and abnormal seeds, number of fungi-infected and bacteria-infected seeds were all measured. The results showed that soaking in Bio A for 1-3 hours reduced 38%-46% of seeds attacked by seed-borne bacteria compared to the control. The Bio B treatment had a better effect on the speed of seed germination and germination percentage parameters, compared to Bio A.

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10

Braguy, Justine, Merey Ramazanova, Silvio Giancola, Muhammad Jamil, Boubacar A. Kountche, Randa Zarban, Abrar Felemban et al. "SeedQuant: a deep learning-based tool for assessing stimulant and inhibitor activity on root parasitic seeds". Plant Physiology 186, n.º 3 (15 de abril de 2021): 1632–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab173.

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Abstract Witchweeds (Striga spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanchaceae and Phelipanche spp.) are root parasitic plants that infest many crops in warm and temperate zones, causing enormous yield losses and endangering global food security. Seeds of these obligate parasites require rhizospheric, host-released stimulants to germinate, which opens up possibilities for controlling them by applying specific germination inhibitors or synthetic stimulants that induce lethal germination in the host’s absence. To determine their effect on germination, root exudates or synthetic stimulants/inhibitors are usually applied to parasitic seeds in in vitro bioassays, followed by assessment of germination ratios. Although these protocols are very sensitive, the germination recording process is laborious, representing a challenge for researchers and impeding high-throughput screens. Here, we developed an automatic seed census tool to count and discriminate germinated seeds (GS) from non-GS. We combined deep learning, a powerful data-driven framework that can accelerate the procedure and increase its accuracy, for object detection with computer vision latest development based on the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network algorithm. Our method showed an accuracy of 94% in counting seeds of Striga hermonthica and reduced the required time from approximately 5 min to 5 s per image. Our proposed software, SeedQuant, will be of great help for seed germination bioassays and enable high-throughput screening for germination stimulants/inhibitors. SeedQuant is an open-source software that can be further trained to count different types of seeds for research purposes.

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11

Müller, Sigrid, Andre Van Der Merwe, Hermann Schildknecht y Johann H. Visser. "An Automated System for Large-Scale Recovery of Germination Stimulants and Other Root Exudates". Weed Science 41, n.º 1 (marzo de 1993): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057714.

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A large-scale continuous system for recovery of root exudates from millet and cowpea was developed and tested extensively. Large quantities of germination stimulants were exuded into the medium flowing through the plant trays, which could be demonstrated by germination of seeds of three species of angiospermous parasitic plants,Alectra vogelii, Striga gesneriodes, and witchweed. Recovery of root exudates was affected by adsorption on the macroreticular polymer resin XAD-4 followed by desorption with methanol. Furthermore, indications were found that germination inhibitors are released into the medium. Subsequent testing confirmed the quantitative release of the germination stimulants as well as a large number of other compounds.

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12

Yoneyama, K., A. A. Awad, X. Xie, K. Yoneyama y Y. Takeuchi. "Strigolactones as Germination Stimulants for Root Parasitic Plants". Plant and Cell Physiology 51, n.º 7 (18 de abril de 2010): 1095–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcq055.

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13

A.Y, Mamudu,. "STRIGA HERMONTHICA SUICIDAL GERMINATION ACTIVITY OF TEN SOYABEAN, COWPEA AND GROUNDNUT VARIETIES IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA". Tropical Agroecosystems 3, n.º 2 (2022): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/taec.02.2022.63.70.

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The obligate hemiparasite Striga hermonthica is one of the major global biotic threats to agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, causing severe yield losses of cereals. The germination of Striga seeds relies on host-released signaling molecules, mainly Strigolactones (SLs). Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that regulate the branching of plants and seed germination stimulants of root parasitic plants. Striga hermonthica’s non-hosts stimulate parasite seed to germinate without getting infected because the non-hosts produce unique germination stimulants Strigolactones). This phenomenon called suicidal seed germination is greatly used in S. hermonthica control. For improved efficiency of the suicidal seed germination method in S. hermonthica control, detailed analysis of comparative ability of potential trap crops to stimulate germination is critical. This study was undertaken with the aim to screen 10 genotypes each of soybean, cowpea and groundnut as trap crops for Striga: the potential ability of their root exudates to stimulate germination of Striga seed was evaluated. The results indicate that soyabean varieties TGX 1019-2EB and TGX 1448-2E delayed Striga emergence in 2013 and 2014 respectively compared to other varieties. In the results of the Striga count, plant height and grain yield, Soyabean variety TGX 1448-2E generally performed better than other varieties. 2.5 g Striga level gave better results in all the parameters measured compared to 5 g Striga level. Cowpea varieties IT04K-339-1 and IT07K-25-3-3 delayed Striga emergence in 2013 and 2014 respectively, while in Striga count and plant height, cowpea variety IT04K-217-5 performed better than other varieties but higher grain yield was recorded in cowpea variety IT04K-339-1 compared to other varieties. Groundnut varieties TES, QH 243C, RMP-12 and RMP-91 delayed Striga emergence compared to other varieties in 2014. Groundnut variety RMP-91 performed better in Striga count, plant height and grain yield in both planting years 2013 and 2014 compared to other varieties.

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Auger, Bathilde, Jean-Bernard Pouvreau, Karinne Pouponneau, Kaori Yoneyama, Grégory Montiel, Bruno Le Bizec, Koichi Yoneyama, Philippe Delavault, Régine Delourme y Philippe Simier. "Germination Stimulants of Phelipanche ramosa in the Rhizosphere of Brassica napus Are Derived from the Glucosinolate Pathway". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 25, n.º 7 (julio de 2012): 993–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-01-12-0006-r.

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Phelipanche ramosa is a major parasitic weed of Brassica napus. The first step in a host-parasitic plant interaction is stimulation of parasite seed germination by compounds released from host roots. However, germination stimulants produced by B. napus have not been identified yet. In this study, we characterized the germination stimulants that accumulate in B. napus roots and are released into the rhizosphere. Eight glucosinolate-breakdown products were identified and quantified in B. napus roots by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Two (3-phenylpropanenitrile and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate [2-PEITC]) were identified in the B. napus rhizosphere. Among glucosinolate-breakdown products, P. ramosa germination was strongly and specifically triggered by isothiocyanates, indicating that 2-PEITC, in particular, plays a key role in the B. napus–P. ramosa interaction. Known strigolactones were not detected by ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, and seed of Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. that respond to strigolactones but not to isothiocyanates did not germinate in the rhizosphere of B. napus. Furthermore, both wild-type and strigolactone biosynthesis mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Atccd7 and Atccd8 induced similar levels of P. ramosa seed germination, suggesting that compounds other than strigolactone function as germination stimulants for P. ramosa in other Brassicaceae spp. Our results open perspectives on the high adaptation potential of root-parasitic plants under host-driven selection pressures.

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Teklay Abebe, Teklay Abebe, Gurja Belay, Taye Tadesse y Gemechu Keneni. "In vitro evaluation of marker assisted conversion of adapted sorghum varieties into Striga hermonthica resistant versions". SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 45, n.º 1 (27 de abril de 2022): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v45i1.6.

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Striga has long been recognized to infest staple food crops like sorghum in Ethiopia. This study was designed to introgress Striga-resistance genes into popular and farmer-preferred varieties through marker-assisted backcrossing and to assess resistance based on Striga germination stimulant activity inagar-gel assay (aga). The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with four replications. Genotypes performance, heritability and genetic advance were analyzed and Germination rate was measured. The progeny showed significant genetic variation for maximum germination distance (mgd), germination rate (gr), and germination index (gi). The mean mgd ranged from 0.0 mm to 29.45 mm and gr ranged from 0.0% to 72.38%.Of the 118 backcrossed lines, 22.9% showed less than 10 mm of mgd and gr of <30%, revealing provision of low germination stimulant/strigolactones production (lgs). There were significant positive (r = 0.4-0.81) correlations showing the roles of these parameters as selection criteria in breeding for resistance. The existence of higher heritability (h2b = 77-83%) and genetic advance (ga = 62-93%) for the germination parameters indicated possibilities for improving resistance against Striga through selection. Genotypes that carry different qtls showed different capacity of producing Striga germination stimulants in the aga. The combined effect of two qtls (lgs2_SBI-05_60404021 and lgs_3_60629027) at a time showed lower Striga germination stimulant activity and better field resistance indicating existence of possible cumulative effects. Thus, the study showed that marker-assisted backcrossing for transfer of lgs qtls from donor into popular and farmers preferred cultivars has the potential to enhance tolerance/resistance to Striga in sorghum.

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Netzly, David H., James L. Riopel, Gebisa Ejeta y Larry G. Butler. "Germination Stimulants of Witchweed (Striga asiatica) from Hydrophobic Root Exudate of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)". Weed Science 36, n.º 4 (julio de 1988): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075172.

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Hydrophobic exudate from roots of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench. #3SORVU ‘IS 8768’] contain fourp-benzoquinones which in the dihydroquinone form are active as germination stimulants of witchweed [Striga asiatica(L.) Kuntz. # STRLU]. The three minorp-benzoquinones were partially characterized and found to be structurally similar to sorgoleone, the majorp-benzoquinone of this exudate. Herbicidal activity of the hydrophobic exudate was due to concentration- and pH-dependent inhibition of root elongation in some but not all weeds tested. Witchweed has apparently adapted these “defense” compounds of sorghum as host-specific germination stimulants.

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17

SUGIMOTO, Yukihiro. "Germination Stimulants for the Seeds of Root Parasitic Weeds". Journal of Pesticide Science 25, n.º 4 (2000): 438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.25.438.

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Galindo, Juan C. G., Alejandro P. de Luque, Jesús Jorrín y Francisco A. Macías. "SAR Studies of Sesquiterpene Lactones asOrobanche cumanaSeed Germination Stimulants". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 50, n.º 7 (marzo de 2002): 1911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0110809.

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Cimmino, Alessio, Anna Andolfi, Mohamed Abouzeid y Antonio Evidente. "Polyphenols as fungal phytotoxins, seed germination stimulants and phytoalexins". Phytochemistry Reviews 12, n.º 4 (17 de marzo de 2013): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-013-9277-5.

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20

Welzel, Peter, Susanne Röhrig y Zenka Milkova. "Strigol-type germination stimulants: the C-2′ configuration problem". Chemical Communications, n.º 20 (1999): 2017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a901530b.

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Kępczyński, Jan y Ewa Kępczyńska. "Plant-Derived Smoke and Karrikin 1 in Seed Priming and Seed Biotechnology". Plants 12, n.º 12 (19 de junio de 2023): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12122378.

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Plant-derived smoke and smoke water (SW) can stimulate seed germination in numerous plants from fire-prone and fire-free areas, including cultivated plants and agricultural weeds. Smoke contains thousands of compounds; only several stimulants and inhibitors have been isolated from smoke. Among the six karrikins present in smoke, karrikin 1 (KAR1) seems to be key for the stimulating effect of smoke. The discovery and activity of highly diluted SW and KAR1 at extremely low concentrations (even at ca. 10−9 M) inducing seed germination of a wide array of horticultural and agricultural plants have created tremendous opportunities for the use of these factors in pre-sowing seed treatment through smoke- or KAR1-priming. This review presents examples of effects exerted by the two types of priming on seed germination and seedling emergence, growth, and development, as well as on the content of some compounds and enzyme activity. Seed biotechnology may involve both SW and KAR1. Some examples demonstrate that SW and/or KAR1 increased the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis, somatic embryo germination and conversion to plantlets. It is also possible to stimulate in vitro seed germination by SW, which allows to use in orchid propagation.

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Aslam, Shaik, Shambhu Chouhan, Vadugu Harish y Shivani Lalotra. "Seed Priming: A Key to Sustainability in Drought Stress". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n.º 8 (17 de junio de 2023): 1871–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i82142.

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Abiotic stresses spot lights the field crops at all growth phases and results in significant yield losses in important crops, endangering the safety of the world's food supply. Numerous physiological, biochemical, and molecular tactics have been examined by crop researchers to battle drought stress/water limiting stress, but in the current environment, these measures are meager. It is so claimed that plants can be primed by various organic and inorganic stimulants for exceptional toughness under stressful circumstances. In order to confer tolerance, novel seed priming techniques are promising field of research in stress biology and crop stress management. Seed priming is the process of carefully hydrating seeds with germination stimulants so that pre- germinative metabolic activity can continue while the radicle's emergence is halted. The terms "hydro-priming," "osmo-priming," "halo-priming," "solid matrix priming," "bio-priming," and "hormonal priming" refer to various priming techniques. It will speed up and synchronize germination, improve plant growth and stand establishment, raise stress tolerance, improve fertilizer and water use efficiency, and have superior weed suppression effects. This review paper covers the physiological and biochemical changes through several seed priming techniques, Nano-priming and its significance in sustainable agriculture.

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Ostroshenko, Valentina Yu y Lyudmila Yu Ostroshenko. "INFLUENCE OF GROWTH STIMULANTS RIBAV-EXTRA AND EPIN-EXTRA ON THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF KHINGHAN FIR (ABIES NEPHROLEPIS (TRAUTV.) MAXIM.)". Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, n.º 5 (30 de octubre de 2022): 111–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-5-111-133.

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Khinghan fir (Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim.) is the most common species among the conifers of Primorsky Krai. It plays an important role in forest consumption. However, forest fires and logging lead to a reduction in the range of this species. Thanks to the use of growth stimulants, it is possible to accelerate the restoration of the Far Eastern fir. The aim of the research was to study the effect of the growth stimulants Ribav-Extra and Epin-Extra on germinative energy, laboratory seed germination and morphometric parameters of sprouts (length and weight) of Khinghan fir (Abies nephrolepis (Trautv.) Maxim.). According to GOSTS, the experiments were carried out in four repetitions in seven different concentrations of solutions (1×10-3 – 1×7×10-3 ml/l). Control − seeds soaked in distilled water. The length of sprouts was measured with the use of an electronic caliper. The mass of sprouts was weighed on an electronic balance. The conducted studies showed, that Ribav-Extra had the greatest effect on sowing qualities of seeds (germinative energy and laboratory germination) at the solution concentrations of 1×2×10-3- 1×7×10-3 ml/l, amounting to 4-16% (excess to the control − 21.2-384.8%). For laboratory germination (21.4-33.1%) − at the concentrations of 1×3×10-3-1×6×10-3 ml/l (excess to the control − 127.7-252.1%). Epin-Extra showed a more active effect on the energy of seed germination with the solution concentrations of 1×2×10-3-1×6×10-3 ml/l, amounting to 4-16%. Excess to the control − 21.2-384.8%. The concentration of solutions 1×3×10-3 - 1×5×10-3 ml/l had a positive effect on laboratory germination of seeds (13-33%), exceeding the control by 38.3-251.1%. An increase in seed quality classes was noted: from the third to the second and first. These stimulants also proved to be effective for increasing the biometric parameters of sprouts (length and weight). Thus, a significant effect of Ribav-Extra on the increase in the length of sprouts was noted at the concentrations of 1×10-3-1×6×10-3 ml/l (excess to the control − 7.7-50%); in Epin-Extra – with the solutions of 1×4×10-3-1×7×10-3 ml/l, exceeding the control by 7.7-40%. Ribav-Extra had a positive effect on the increase in the mass of sprouts in all concentrations of solutions (excess to the control − 5.1-79.5%). Epin-Extra is less effective.

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Fernández-Aparicio, M., J. H. Westwood y D. Rubiales. "Agronomic, breeding, and biotechnological approaches to parasitic plant management through manipulation of germination stimulant levels in agricultural soils". Botany 89, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2011): 813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b11-075.

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A number of plant species have adapted to parasitize other plants, and some parasitic species pose severe constraints to major crops. The role of strigolactones and other metabolites present in host root exudates as germination stimulants for weedy root parasitic weed seeds has been known for the last 40 years. Recently, the ecological and developmental roles of strigolactones have been clarified by the discovery that they are a new class of plant hormone that controls shoot branching and serve as host recognition signals for mycorrhizal fungi. Parasitic plants also recognize these chemicals and use them to coordinate their life cycle with that of their host. Here we review agronomic practices that use parasitic germination stimulant production as a target for manipulation to control parasitic weeds.

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25

Prakhova, Tatyana Yakovlevna, Anna Nikolaevna Kshnikatkina, Vladimir Aleksandrovich Prakhov y Sergey Ivanovich Korzhov. "INFLUENCEOF GROWTH STIMULANTS AND MICROFERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CRAMBE ABYSSINICA H." Agrarian Scientific Journal, n.º 6 (19 de junio de 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i6pp34-37.

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The article presents the results of studies evaluating the influence of growth stimulants and micronutrient fertilizers on the productivity and sowing qualities of Crambe Abyssinica. Growth regulators Albit - 40 ml/t, Gumat K/Na - 0.15 l/t and microelement fertilizers EcoFus - 0.5 l/t and Omex - 2 l/t were studied. Studies have shown that the most effective options are with seed treatment with the growth regulator Albit and the combined use of Albit + Omex. Here the greatest positive effect was obtained on the indicator of field germination of krambe (89.6%) and on the safety of plants for harvesting (96.8%), respectively. It was revealed that the variant with the use of Albit, Gumat K/Na + Omex and Albit + Omex most effectively increased the seed yield of Crambe, the seed productivity here was 2.92; 2.93 and 2.96 t / ha, respectively. These options stimulated germination energy by 1.8-4.7% and laboratory germination by 3.8-9.1% relative to the control. The krambe oil content in the experimental variants was 36.14-39.76%, in the control - 36.04%. The highest oil content of seeds was noted on the variant with Albit - 39.76%. The use of Albit in combination with EcoFus and Omex contributes to the accumulation of oil in seeds up to 38.55 and 38.68%, respectively. The weight of 1000 seeds of Crambe varied in the range of 8.16-8.38 g in the variants with the use of drugs and 8.13 g in the variant without treatment. The germination energy and laboratory germination rate of Crambe Abyssinica varied between 52.7-79.8% and 69.5-86.5%, depending on the use of the preparations.

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26

Nelson, David C. "The mechanism of host-induced germination in root parasitic plants". Plant Physiology 185, n.º 4 (3 de febrero de 2021): 1353–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab043.

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Abstract Chemical signals known as strigolactones (SLs) were discovered more than 50 years ago as host-derived germination stimulants of parasitic plants in the Orobanchaceae. Strigolactone-responsive germination is an essential adaptation of obligate parasites in this family, which depend upon a host for survival. Several species of obligate parasites, including witchweeds (Striga, Alectra spp.) and broomrapes (Orobanche, Phelipanche spp.), are highly destructive agricultural weeds that pose a significant threat to global food security. Understanding how parasites sense SLs and other host-derived stimulants will catalyze the development of innovative chemical and biological control methods. This review synthesizes the recent discoveries of strigolactone receptors in parasitic Orobanchaceae, their signaling mechanism, and key steps in their evolution.

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27

Pepperman, Armand B. y Lynda H. Wartelle. "Quantitative HPLC Assay of Strigol and Epistrigol-Witchweed Germination Stimulants". Journal of Liquid Chromatography 10, n.º 7 (mayo de 1987): 1485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01483918708066781.

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28

Nelson, Eric B. "Nutritional Factors Affecting Responses of Sporangia ofPythium ultimumto Germination Stimulants". Phytopathology 84, n.º 7 (1994): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-84-677.

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29

van Staden, J., F. E. Drewes y A. K. Jäger. "The search for germination stimulants in plant-derived smoke extracts". South African Journal of Botany 61, n.º 5 (octubre de 1995): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30533-0.

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30

Müller, Sigrid, Christian Hauck y Hermann Schildknecht. "Germination stimulants produced by Vigna unguiculata Walp cv Saunders Upright". Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 11, n.º 2 (abril de 1992): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00198018.

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31

Berto, Bianca, Todd E. Erickson y Alison L. Ritchie. "Flash Flaming Improves Flow Properties of Mediterranean Grasses Used for Direct Seeding". Plants 9, n.º 12 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 1699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121699.

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The demand for native grasses is increasing in restoration and agriculture, though their use is often limited due to seed handling challenges. The external structures surrounding the grass seed (i.e., the floret) possess hairs, awns, and appendages which create blockages in conventional seeding equipment. Flash flaming is a patented technology which allows precision exposure of floret material to flames to singe off hairs and appendages. We used two grasses native to Mediterranean ecosystems of Western Australia (Amphipogon turbinatus R.Br. and Neurachne alopecuoidea R.Br.) to evaluate the effects of different flaming techniques on flow properties and germination. Flaming significantly improved flowability in both species and had both neutral (A. turbinatus) and negative (N. alopecuroidea) effects on germination. Flaming torch size influenced germination, though flaming temperature (low or high) and whether this was kept constant or alternating had no effect. The best evaluation of germination following flaming was achieved by cleaning flamed florets to seed and/or germinating in the presence of karrikinolide (KAR1) or gibberellic acid (GA3). We suggest that flaming settings (particularly torch size) require species-specific evaluation and optimisation. Removing seeds from flamed florets and germination testing this material in the presence of stimulants may be a useful protocol for future flaming evaluations.

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32

Bradow, Judith M. "Germination Promotion in Dormant Shepherdspurse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) Seeds by Strigol Analogs and Other Stimulants". Weed Science 34, n.º 1 (enero de 1986): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500026333.

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Four synthetic multiring analogs of strigol (0.1 mM) were effective as germination stimulants of dormant, unchilled seeds of shepherdspurse (Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) Medik. # CAPBP). The effect was concentration dependent and exceeded that produced by 0.1 mM gibberellic acid (GA). The analog treatments resulted in normal, unpigmented seedlings after 7 days, whereas GA treatment led to distorted, nongeotropic, yellow seedlings. The strigol analogs were also more effective in inducing shepherdspurse germination than 10 mM nitrate or 5.0 mM thiourea (ineffective in the dark) and 5.0 mM thiourea plus 4.5 mM ascorbate (germination stimulated, but seedling growth, inhibited). Chilling at 4 C for 11 days reduced the effectiveness of the strigol analogs, but not that of gibberellic acid and thiourea plus ascorbate. Ascorbate acts synergistically with thiourea in promoting shepherdspurse germination. Strigol and epistrigol had no effect on either chilled or unchilled shepherdspurse seeds. The stimulation of dormant shepherdspurse seeds by the synthetic strigol analogs is the first demonstration that these compounds have bioregulatory activity in dormant seeds of genera other thanStriga.

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33

Olivier, Alain. "La relation entre le Striga hermonthica et ses hôtes: une synthèse". Canadian Journal of Botany 74, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 1996): 1119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-137.

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The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica causes considerable yield losses in maize, pearl millet, and sorghum in Africa. The extent of the damage caused to crops is related to their close interaction with the parasite. The S. hermonthica seed germinates in response to germination stimulants exuded by cereal roots. The rootlet extremity then turns into a haustorium that attaches itself to the host root and penetrates its tissue. In this manner, a connection is established between the vascular systems of both plants, allowing absorption of water, minerals, and organic compounds that are essential for the parasite's development. S. hermonthica also affects the host's metabolism and photosynthesis. No effective control method against the parasite is available for the African peasants. The utilization of germination stimulants and herbicides, the rotation practice, and intercropping as well as biological control and varietal selection have given disappointing results so far. A better understanding of host resistance mechanisms is necessary to develop new methods for the control of the parasite. Keywords: Striga hermonthica, germination, haustorium, host–parasite interaction, control methods, resistance.

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34

Zhang, Ji-Long, Xiaoting Liu y Hong-Xing Zhang. "Interaction Mechanism of the Germination Stimulants Karrikins and Their Receptor ShKAI2iB". Journal of Physical Chemistry B 124, n.º 44 (22 de octubre de 2020): 9812–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06734.

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35

van Staden, J., F. E. Drewes y N. A. C. Brown. "Some chromatographic characteristics of germination stimulants in plant-derived smoke extracts". Plant Growth Regulation 17, n.º 3 (noviembre de 1995): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00024732.

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36

Welzel, Peter, Susanne Roehrig y Zenka Milkova. "ChemInform Abstract: Strigol-Type Germination Stimulants: The C-2′ Configuration Problem". ChemInform 31, n.º 4 (11 de junio de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200004273.

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37

Yunusov, Salohiddinjon, Farkhod Bolikulov, Zhasur Makhmanazarov y Dilshod Yakhshiboev. "Effect of growth regulators on cucumber seed fertility". E3S Web of Conferences 421 (2023): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342102013.

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This scientific article places its emphasis on investigating the impact of biostimulants and growth-enhancing preparations on the germination of cucumber seeds in the context of intensive cucumber seedling cultivation. Our study encompasses a series of experimental and practical trials meticulously designed to elucidate the effects of various growth substances on the rapid and robust germination of cucumber seeds. Throughout the course of our experiment, we conducted comprehensive assessments of the process of treating cucumber seeds with a diverse array of growth stimulants. Our goal was to unveil the precise mechanisms through which these stimulants influence and expedite the germination process. By harnessing innovative technologies and implementing the most cutting-edge methodologies available, our research seeks to delve into the intricate dynamics of cucumber seedling cultivation under intensified conditions. One of the pivotal objectives of our study was to develop a strategic framework that enables the consistent production of high-quality cucumber seedlings. This endeavor involves the integration of advanced techniques and methodologies, aligned with the overarching aim of bolstering germination rates and cultivating robust cucumber seedlings. In essence, this research endeavor amalgamates experimentation, practical application, and the utilization of modern advancements to decipher the intricate interplay between biostimulants, growth preparations, and the germination process of cucumber seeds. By providing insights into these crucial facets, our study contributes to the refinement of intensive cucumber seedling cultivation practices, ultimately enhancing agricultural productivity and the quality of cucumber yields.

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TRUȚA, Alina M., Oana VIMAN, Veronica Diana DOHOTAR, Steluta SÎNGEORZAN, Petru TRUŢA y Liviu HOLONEC. "The Influence of Certain Types of Substrate and Biochemical Substances in Seed Germination and Plant Development of Spruce (Picea abies)". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, n.º 1 (3 de junio de 2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2020.0010.

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In order to analyse seeds germination and seedlings growth of spruce (Picea abies) there were used five treatments with bio and chemical substances for stimulation germination: H2O, Atonik, Cropmax, CuSO4, KMnO4 and five treatments with different substrates: Jiffy pots, peat + conifer humus, peat + conifer humus + perlite, peat + conifer humus + sand, peat + conifer humus + perlite + sand. Of all germination stimulants, the highest percentage of seeds germination was obtained when the seeds have been immersed in aqueous solution with Atonik. From among substrates, the highest percent of germination was obtained using peat + humus + perlite + sand, following by peat + conifer humus + perlite and Jiffy pots. The substrate containing peat and humus of coniferous can not be recommended as a properly germination substrate for spruce seeds. Results showed that using chemical substances for germination, the germination was comprised between 56.7-73.3%. Seeds treated with KMnO4 had the lowest germination, and those treated with Atonik (0.75 ml active substance in one liter tap water) presented the highest germination percentage. The best growth of seedlings was assured by peat + conifer humus + perlite substrate.

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39

HSIAO, ANDREW I., A. DOUGLAS WORSHAM y DONALD E. MORELAND. "Effects of Chemicals Often Regarded as Germination Stimulants on Seed Conditioning and Germination of Witchweed (Striga asiatica)". Annals of Botany 62, n.º 1 (julio de 1988): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087631.

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40

Somerville, Prudence A. "Factors Affecting Sclerotial Germination of Sclerotium cepivorum, Secondary Sclerotia Formation, and Germination Stimulants to Reduce Inoculum Density". Plant Disease 71, n.º 3 (1987): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-71-0229.

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41

Hilhorst, Henk W. M. "The regulation of secondary dormancy. The membrane hypothesis revisite". Seed Science Research 8, n.º 2 (junio de 1998): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258500003974.

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AbstractSecondary dormancy is predominantly associated with seed behaviour in soil seed banks. Periodic changes in secondary dormancy may explain seasonal emergence of weedy species. Temperature and possibly soil water potential appear to be the predominant factors that determine the annual cycling of dormancy. Dormancy cycling is paralleled by modulations of germination responsiveness to germination stimulants, such as light and nitrate and to the width of the germination temperature window. Membranes have been proposed to be the primary target for the perception of temperature. It is hypothesized that alterations in properties of cellular membranes are involved in the regulation of dormancy. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

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42

Lautenschlager, R. A. "Effects of perturbations and stimulants on red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seed germination". Forestry Chronicle 73, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1997): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73453-4.

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Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) seeds germinate only after seed coats are degraded. In nature this happens slowly. Seeds from recently collected fruit (fresh to four years old) germinated only after scarification of the seed coat by 20-minute soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid. Germination was not enhanced by: (1) short-term intermittent soaking, up to 81 hours, in dilute (0.01 normal) hydrochloric acid; (2) passage through the digestive tracts of bears, coyotes, or birds; (3) physical perturbations such as nicking, mechanical scarification, repeated freezing and thawing and/or four years of exposure in the field; (4) exposure to light; (5) increased temperatures or temperature fluctuations; or (6) addition of nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, urea). Key words: animal passage, germination, nitrogen, red raspberry, Rubus idaeus L., seed coat, seed weight, scarification, stratification

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43

Davis, R. M., J. J. Hao, M. K. Romberg, J. J. Nunez y R. F. Smith. "Efficacy of Germination Stimulants of Sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum for Management of White Rot of Garlic". Plant Disease 91, n.º 2 (febrero de 2007): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-2-0204.

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The ability of soil-applied garlic powder and diallyl disulfide to stimulate germination of sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum, the cause of white rot of onion and garlic, was evaluated in four field trials. Because sclerotia germinate in response to exudation of specific volatile sulfides and thiols from allium roots, sulfides applied to the ground in the absence of an allium crop cause death of the sclerotia after they germinate and exhaust nutrient reserves. In this study, garlic powder and a synthetic garlic oil, diallyl disulfide, were incorporated into the soil in commercial fields naturally infested with S. cepivorum. Methyl bromide was included as a chemical control. Within 3 months after treatment, over 90% of the sclerotia died in the plots treated with the germinationstimulants, which was similar to the reduction of viable sclerotia achieved with an application of methyl bromide. The degree of sclerotial mortality in plots treated with garlic powder at 112 kg/ha or more was almost equal to that achieved by diallyl disulfide at 0.5 ml/m2 or methyl bromide at 448 kg/ha. Despite the efficacy of the stimulants and methyl bromide to reduce populations of sclerotia, the pathogen caused substantial root rot and yield losses in subsequent garlic crops planted about a year after soil treatment. However, germination stimulants have utility because the reduction of the vast majority of sclerotia in a field reduces the risk of spread of the pathogen to neighboring fields.

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44

Reizelman, Anat y Binne Zwanenburg. "Synthesis of the Germination Stimulants (±)-Orobanchol and (±)-Strigol via an Allylic Rearrangement". Synthesis 2000, n.º 13 (2000): 1952–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-8231.

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45

Ye, Xiaoxin, Meng Zhang, Shuqi Dong y Yongqing Ma. "Conditioning duration and agents involved in broomrape seeds responding to germination stimulants". Plant Growth Regulation 81, n.º 2 (18 de julio de 2016): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10725-016-0199-2.

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46

Khashdahilova, Shumaysat Murtazalievna, Magomed Rasulovich Musaev, Magomednur Burganudinovich Khalilov y Aminat Akhmedovna Magomedova. "Effect of growth stimulants on yield and quality of grain corn grown in Piedmont subprovince of Dagestan". RUDN Journal of Agronomy and Animal Industries 16, n.º 1 (15 de diciembre de 2021): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-797x-2021-16-1-54-65.

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Field experiments were carried out on chestnut soils of Piedmont Dagestan in 2018-2020. Hybrids of grain corn treated with different growth stimulants were the object of еру research. The experiments showed that the harvesting ripeness of hybrids ROSS 299 MV and Mashuk 355 MV occurred 2...5 days earlier after treatment with growth stimulants compared to the control. The growth stimulants used in the experiment did not have a significant effect on seed germination rate. Among the studied hybrids, the highest seed germination were observed in Mashuk 355 MV hybrid. The highest values of leaf area and net productivity of crops were in hybrid Mashuk 355 MB. Plants treated with growth regulators had higher leaf surface by 4.4% and 5.5%; 6.0 % and 8.4%, respectively. Approximately the same dynamics was recorded for photosynthesis net productivity and accumulation of dry matter. Mashuk 355 MV hybrid showed the best yield, which was 30.5; 31.5 and 32.5% higher respectively, compared to the standard. Productivity of corn hybrids treated with growth regulators increased significantly. The highest data were observed on plants treated with Megamiks N10 growth regulator, which were higher than the control data by 30.0 and 32.5%, respectively. Aminokat 30% growth regulator increased corn productivity by 23.7 and 24.7%, respectively. Sufficiently high indicators of yield structure were 10 recorded in Mashuk 355 MV hybrid in the variant with the Megamiks N10 growth stimulator.

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Dor, Evgenia, Koichi Yoneyama, Smadar Wininger, Yoram Kapulnik, Kaori Yoneyama, Hinanit Koltai, Xiaonan Xie y Joseph Hershenhorn. "Strigolactone Deficiency Confers Resistance in Tomato Line SL-ORT1 to the Parasitic Weeds Phelipanche and Orobanche spp." Phytopathology® 101, n.º 2 (febrero de 2011): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-10-0184.

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The parasitic flowering plants of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche (broomrape species) are obligatory chlorophyll-lacking root-parasitic weeds that infect dicotyledonous plants and cause heavy economic losses in a wide variety of plant species in warm-temperate and subtropical regions. One of the most effective strategies for broomrape control is crop breeding for broomrape resistance. Previous efforts to find natural broomrape-resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) genotypes were unsuccessful, and no broomrape resistance was found in any wild tomato species. Recently, however, the fast-neutron-mutagenized tomato mutant SL-ORT1 was found to be highly resistant to various Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. Nevertheless, SL-ORT1 plants were parasitized by Phelipanche aegyptiaca if grown in pots together with the susceptible tomato cv. M-82. In the present study, no toxic activity or inhibition of Phelipanche seed germination could be detected in the SL-ORT1 root extracts. SL-ORT1 roots did not induce Phelipanche seed germination in pots but they were parasitized, at the same level as M-82, after application of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 to the rhizosphere. Whereas liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis of root exudates of M-82 revealed the presence of the strigolactones orobanchol, solanacol, and didehydro-orobanchol isomer, these compounds were not found in the exudates of SL-ORT1. It can be concluded that SL-ORT1 resistance results from its inability to produce and secrete natural germination stimulants to the rhizosphere.

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48

Kremer, Robert J. y Lisa K. Schulte. "Influence of Chemical Treatment andFusarium oxysporumon Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)". Weed Technology 3, n.º 2 (junio de 1989): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00031973.

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Germination stimulants were tested for effectiveness on velvetleaf seed imbibition and germination and concurrent microbial attack of seed to deplete weed seed in soil. Several chemicals increased in vitro seed germination and decreased the numbers of hard, viable seed. The proportion of nonviable seed, 5% withFusarium oxysporum(Schlech.), was enhanced to 40% by adding ethephon at 100 μg/ml. Fungal density on seedling roots and imbibed (nonviable seed) was increased by chemical treatment. Seedling emergence was reduced 15% when ethephon or carbofuran was applied to soil with the fungus. Shoot dry weight decreased and root infection increased with all treatments regardless of fungal inoculation. Butylate and carbofuran increased infection of imbibed seed in soil byF. oxysporumwhile ethephon and AC94377 increased infection by other soil fungi.

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VOSTRIKOVA, Tatiana V., Vladislav N. KALAEV, Andrey Yu POTAPOV, Gizacheu M. MANAKHELOKHE y Khidmet S. SHIKHALIEV. "USE OF NEW COMPOUNDS OF THE QUINOLINE SERIES AS GROWTH AND YIELD STIMULANTS OF AGRICULTURAL CROP". Periódico Tchê Química 18, n.º 38 (28 de julio de 2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n38.2021.9_vostrikova_pgs_123_136.pdf.

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Background: Productivity is increased with breeding techniques and modes for obtaining highly productive cultivars, various agricultural activities, and the use of new technologies for growing planting material. Some of modes to increase productivity are simple. They use different growth stimulants. Many methods were developed to synthesize organic compounds that have stimulating biological activity and can be used as growth stimulants for agricultural crop. Aim: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of synthesized organic compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline on growth indicators (by which we meant seed germination and plant height, length, width, and the number of leaves) and the yield of the agricultural crop. Methods: To identify the biological effects of the synthesized organic compounds, morphometric parameters of an annual vegetable crop (Solanum melongena L.) were selected. It is investigated seed germination, growth processes, and yield. Growth processes were studied by biometric indicators. Biometric indicators included the plant height, length, width, and the number of leaves. Results and Discussion: The most effective growth stimulators from compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline for common eggplant were revealed. The most effective substances for Solanum melongena are 1,2,2,4-tetramethyl-6-(1-piperidinylcarbothioyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline hydrochloride and 4-[(1,2,2,4-tetramethyl-1,2-dihydro-6-quinolinyl)carbothioyl]-1-piperazinylcarbaldehyde hydrochloride in tested concentrations (0,01 %; 0,05 % and 0,1 %), as well as the compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline in concentrations of 0,05 % and 0,1 %. It was established that the synthesized chemical substances cause stimulation of the eggplant growth compared with existing commercial preparation. Compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2- dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioil-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline increase the seed germination of Solanum melongena from 30 to 80 %, the vegetative mass - from 10 to 40 %, yield - from 28 to 46 %. Conclusions: Tetrahydroquinolines are most effective as stimulants of growth processes (and productivity) for common eggplant. Compounds containing a dihydro-6-quinolinyl substituent stimulate the growth and also increase the yield of Solanum melongena. The expediency of quinoline series compounds for the production of vegetable growing is shown. Used growth stimulators increase the adaptive potential of Solanum melongena.

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VOSTRIKOVA, Tatiana V., Vladislav N. KALAEV, Andrey Yu POTAPOV, MICHAIL A. POTAPOV y Khidmet S. SHIKHALIEV. "USE OF NEW COMPOUNDS OF THE QUINOLINE SERIES AS EFFECTIVE STIMULANTS OF GROWTH PROCESSES". Periódico Tchê Química 17, n.º 35 (20 de julio de 2020): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.66_vostrikova_pgs_781_790.pdf.

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The results of a study of the action of compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline are presented. The most effective growth stimulants from compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline for yellow rhododendron (Rhododendron luteum) and Ledebur rhododendron (Rhododendron ledebourii) were revealed. Rhododendron seedlings were counted to study laboratory germination and planted in crates in closed ground on 21 days after the start of the experiment. It was established that the synthesized chemicals cause stimulation of the growth of species of the genus Rhododendron in comparison with existing commercial preparations. The efficiency of using solutions of compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline and their concentrations. A method of using compounds of this series as growth stimulants is disclosed, which allows increasing seed germination of species of the genus Rhododendron from 20 to 50%, increasing the height of Rhododendron luteum seedlings from 18 to 63%, and Rhododendron ledebourii from 33 to 183 %. Dihydroquinolines are most effective for species of the genus Rhododendron. Compounds containing a dihydro-6-quinolinyl substituent stimulate the growth of these plants. The specificity of the action of growth stimulants is noted. The expediency of using quinoline series compounds for the production of planting material of ornamental plants for landscaping is shown. It is suggested the auxin activity of compounds of the general formula: 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline. It is assumed that compounds of the series 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline and 1-alkyl-2,2,4-trimethyl-6-aminocarbothioyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline may have the stressprotective activity for species of the genus Rhododendron. The materials of the article are of practical value forbiologists, ecologists, plant growers.

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