Bibliografías temáticas / Stato unitario

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Stato unitario"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 14 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Stato unitario"

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Catelani, Alessandro. "Sovranismo: Il Mito dell’Europa unita, da Carlo Magno ad Altiero Spinelli". Società e diritti 6, n.º 12 (14 de febrero de 2022): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2531-6710/17351.

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Il mito dell’Europa unita è durato dalla caduta di Roma fino ai giorni nostri; ma di una vera unità europea si può parlare solo per il periodo carolingio, perché successivamente si sono formati gli Stati nazionali. La moderna ideologia mira a costruire uno Stato unitario per tutti i popoli d’Europa; ma ciascun popolo ha diritto ad una propria autodeterminazione e identità culturale, ed una fusione coattiva verrebbe a ledere i diritti fondamentali delle collettività nazionali.
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Bianchi, Paola. "Rileggere la storia d'Italia: canoni storiografici e canone nazionale". SOCIETÀ E STORIA, n.º 173 (noviembre de 2021): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ss2021-173014.

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Questa rassegna discute, da tre diverse prospettive L'Italia come storia, a cura di Francesco Benigno e Igor Mineo. Il volume tratta, con una periodizzazione ampia, i principali snodi attraverso i quali la storiografia ha tematizzato, sia in termini positivi sia negativi il tema dell'eccezione, attraverso cui è stata interpretata la storia d'Italia. Paola Bianchi ripercorre alcuni nodi emersi nella frammentazione crescente delle ricerche sulla storia italiana, con particolare attenzione agli studi che hanno indagato l'età moderna. Fino a un passato non troppo remoto, le diverse definizioni del "canone nazionale" sono state declinate in relazione al raggiungimento dello Stato unitario e adottando il presupposto di una primigenia matrice culturale. Interrogarsi su tali canoni porta a misurarsi con i vari significati che sono stati attribuiti alla "modernità", alla "modernizzazione" e alla condivisione o meno di un "canone europeo". Tutte questioni non meno aperte e ricche di implicazioni nel presente.
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Di Michele, Vittorio, Francesca Bolino, Gabriella Di Zio y Paola Pincini. "Symptoms and social functioning features in chronic schizophrenia are aggregate in a tripartite structure". Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 10, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2001): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00005315.

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RIASSUNTOScopo – Verificare l'esistenza di correlazioni fra sintomatologia schizofrenica e variabili multidimensionali del funzionamento sociale e se tali correlazioni possano condurre ad una precisazione classificativa orientata sull'esito attraverso una metodica empirica. Disegno – Quaranta pazienti affetti da schizofrenia cronica con diagnosi accertata clinicamente e attraverso criteri diagnostici sono stati arruolati. Setting – I pazienti erano in carico ad un Centro di Salute Mentale ed erano in fase stabilizzata di malattia definita con criteri operativi. Principali misure utilizzate – Per la valutazione psicopatologica è stata utilizzata la Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale e la Clinical Global Impression. Il funzionamento sociale è stato valutato con la Life Skills Profile e la Scala di Valutazione del Funzionamento Globale. Risultati – Esiste una correlazione fra variabili sintomatologiche e psicosociali che suggerisce un costrutto unitario. A tali variabili soggiaciono 2 fattori principali in grado di spiegare il 79% della varianza che consentono di differenziare il campione in tre gruppi sulla base della Cluster analysis. Sia i sintomi positivi che negativi risultano embricati con alcune aspetti del funzionamento sociale, ma non con tutti. Conclusioni – I sintomi e le variabili psicosociali dei pazienti si aggregano in una struttura omogenea tripartitica. Tale dato suggerisce l'esistenza, nell'ambito di un concetto unitario, di una differenziazione sindromica derivabile con criteri empirici e orientata prognosticamente.
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Azzariti, Gaetano. "Il liberalismo autoritario e la costruzione dello Stato unitario italiano. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, un liberale al servizio dello Stato". DEMOCRAZIA E DIRITTO, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2011): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ded02011-001008.

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Glueckert, Leopold G. "Il clero a Perugia durante l'episcopato di Gioacchino Pecci (1846-1878). Tra Stato Pontificio e Stato Unitario by Maria Lupi". Catholic Historical Review 85, n.º 4 (1999): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.1999.0192.

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Crialesi, Silvia. "Roma capitale del regno d'Italia: l'inserimento dei ministeri negli organismi conventuali". STORIA URBANA, n.º 132 (febrero de 2012): 271–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2011-132010.

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La vicenda dell'uso dei complessi conventuali romani, quali sedi di ministeri ed uffici governativi per la nuova capitale del Regno d'Italia, si inserisce nel piů vasto quadro del riuso degli immobili appartenenti agli enti religiosi soppressi dopo l'unificazione ed č un esempio della complessa situazione determinatasi a Roma dopo il 20 settembre 1870. I problemi che si affrontano in questa fase, inoltre, costituiscono un passaggio significativo nel lungo e travagliato processo di costituzione dell'ordinamento di tutela dei beni artistici del nuovo stato unitario, sia a livello centrale sia periferico.
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Giugni, Marco G. "FEDERALISMO E MOVIMENTI SOCIALI". Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 26, n.º 1 (abril de 1996): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200024060.

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L'idea di un'Italia federale è entrata nel dibattito pubblico nel corso degli ultimi anni. Una delle cause principali di questa avanzata è certamente l'ascesa della Lega, che del federalismo ha fatto il suo credo fondamentale. Recentemente, l'idea di trasformare l'Italia da paese centralizzato e unitario (non dimentichiamo comunque il relativo decentramento avvenuto a partire dagli anni settanta attraverso il rafforzamento delle regioni) a stato federale si è fatta strada in seno a molti partiti, tanto che nessuna forza politica sembra oggi opporsi in modo deciso a tale progetto di decentralizzazione territoriale e amministrativa del paese.
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Cicerchia, Andrea. "El archivo del Santo Oficio a los ojos de la República romana del 1849". Revista de fontes 5, n.º 9 (23 de enero de 2019): 70–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34024/fontes.2018.v5.9141.

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El presente artículo nace de un episodio ocurrido con los papeles del archivo de la Inquisición romana durante un momento de gran importancia para la historia del proceso unitario italiano: la República romana del 1849. A partir del análisis de una minuta de inventario producida por los órganos civiles republicanos y que se conserva en el Archivio di Stato de Roma este trabajo reconstruye la estructura fi sica del archivo inquisitorial, así como su manera de organizar papeles a la mitad del siglo XIX, un momento en que las otras inquisiciones modernas, ya abolidas, vivian entre mito e historia.
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de Stefani, Lorenzo. ""Devesi parlare al popolo". Toponomastica risorgimentale e lapidi commemorative nel dibattito in consiglio comunale a Milano, 1859-1878". STORIA URBANA, n.º 132 (febrero de 2012): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2011-132003.

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Il saggio affronta il tema della toponomastica come strumento di rafforzamento del sentimento nazionale dopo l'annessione di Milano al regno di Sardegna e successivamente allo stato italiano. Sono stati presi in considerazione i dibattiti in seno al Consiglio comunale circa il valore evocativo della titolazione delle strade ai principali simboli del Risorgimento nazionale e ai personaggi eccellenti nel campo delle lettere, delle arti, delle scienze, con particolare riferimento a quelli, nati a Milano o qui provvisoriamente residenti in qualche tempo, che hanno influenzato la vita civile, artistica e letteraria della cittŕ. L'operazione di "costruzione della memoria" lega insieme la necessitŕ di razionalizzare e modernizzare la cittŕ che si apprestava a diventare la "capitale morale" dello stato unitario (come confermato nella legislazione comunale e provinciale del 1865) con la preoccupazione di tenere vive le memorie locali, da far convivere in armonia con l'azione di costruzione della nazione dal punto di vista della lingua e delle memorie collettive. Ciň si unisce alla determinazione di celebrare i principali eventi della storia civile affiggendo lapidi come sintesi di un compendio della storia locale da offrire per la costruzione del popolo.
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Elorza, Antonio. "Spagna, nazione di nazioni". MONDO CONTEMPORANEO, n.º 3 (abril de 2011): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mon2010-003006.

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La Spagna non č uno Stato unitario come la Francia, né uno Stato plurinazionale come furono la Jugoslavia e l'Austria-Ungheria nel passato. L'identitŕ spagnola nasce nel Medioevo e trova le sue prime radici nelle reazioni all'invasione araba del 711, quando i vinti presero coscienza della «Spaniae ruina». Secoli dopo, l'unione delle corone nata con i Re Cattolici rafforzň le basi per quella identitŕ, sotto una «monarchia di aggregazione» che si sviluppň in parallelo con la Francia, senza che scomparissero altre identitŕ, come quelle della Catalogna e delle province basche. Ma la Rivoluzione francese cancellň le unitŕ amministrative dell'Antico regime ed il processo di nazionalizzazione si sviluppň senza difficoltŕ fino al primo Novecento, mentre l'arretratezza economica fece sorgere le condizioni di una crisi dello Stato-nazione. Allo stesso tempo il fatto che la Catalogna e la Biscaglia fossero le avanguardie del processo d'industrializzazione favorě la dinamica centrifuga delle, dopo che la disfatta del 1898 nella guerra contro gli Stati Uniti e la fine dell'impero coloniale avevano creato l'immagine della Spagna come di un "paese moribondo". La modernizzazione degli anni Sessanta del Novecento poté essere il fondamento di una nuova Spagna, ma le "nazionalitŕ storiche" (la Catalogna ed il Paese basco in primo luogo) erano giŕ realtŕ senza ritorno ed il nazionalismodella dittatura di Franco fece delle rivendicazioni nazionaliste un diritto democratico. Infine, con la Costituzione del 1978 č nato lo Stato delle autonomie, che consacra lo sviluppo autonomo delle "nazionalitŕ" intorno all'asse centrale della "nazione" spagnola. Ecco perché "nazione di nazioni" diventa un'espressione adeguata ad una convergenza come quella spagnola di processi di, senza che i conflitti fra unitŕ ed indipendentismo siano ancora oggi arrivati a un punto di equilibrio.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Stato unitario"

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Forgione, Fabio. "Il potere dell'evoluzione: il dibattito sulla variabilità delle specie a Torino dall'Età napoleonica allo Stato unitario". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368122.

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Nel corso dell'Ottocento, Torino fu uno dei principali centri di elaborazione e diffusione delle teorie evoluzionistiche in Italia. Le ricerche furono indirizzate dapprima dal modello trasformistico di Lamarck e, a partire dagli anni '60, dalla teoria darwiniana. Il lavoro ricostruisce lo sviluppo delle indagini in zoologia e in alcune discipline ad essa collegate, come la paleontologia e l'antropologia, approfondendo anche il dibattito nato sui periodici scientifici, le opere divulgative e i giornali. Tale ricostruzione si accompagna ad uno studio delle interferenze tra gli orientamenti teorici adottati dagli scienziati e le fasi del cambiamento politico-sociale che si succedettero nel corso del secolo.
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Forgione, Fabio. "Il potere dell'evoluzione: il dibattito sulla variabilità delle specie a Torino dall'Età napoleonica allo Stato unitario". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2016. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1804/1/Tesi_dottorato.pdf.

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Nel corso dell'Ottocento, Torino fu uno dei principali centri di elaborazione e diffusione delle teorie evoluzionistiche in Italia. Le ricerche furono indirizzate dapprima dal modello trasformistico di Lamarck e, a partire dagli anni '60, dalla teoria darwiniana. Il lavoro ricostruisce lo sviluppo delle indagini in zoologia e in alcune discipline ad essa collegate, come la paleontologia e l'antropologia, approfondendo anche il dibattito nato sui periodici scientifici, le opere divulgative e i giornali. Tale ricostruzione si accompagna ad uno studio delle interferenze tra gli orientamenti teorici adottati dagli scienziati e le fasi del cambiamento politico-sociale che si succedettero nel corso del secolo.
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3

Bortolotti, Alberto <1978&gt. "A misura delle città. Paesaggi dell'ingegneria ferroviaria e spazi per la mobilità nella formazione dello Stato unitario". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2828/1/Bortolotti_Alberto_tesi.pdf.pdf.

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Bortolotti, Alberto <1978&gt. "A misura delle città. Paesaggi dell'ingegneria ferroviaria e spazi per la mobilità nella formazione dello Stato unitario". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2828/.

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Carlson, J., S. Gandolfi, Kolck U. van y S. A. Vitiello. "Ground-State Properties of Unitary Bosons: From Clusters to Matter". AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626282.

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The properties of cold Bose gases at unitarity have been extensively investigated in the last few years both theoretically and experimentally. In this Letter we use a family of interactions tuned to two-body unitarity and very weak three-body binding to demonstrate the universal properties of both clusters and matter. We determine the universal properties of finite clusters up to 60 particles and, for the first time, explicitly demonstrate the saturation of energy and density with particle number and compare with bulk properties. At saturation in the bulk we determine the energy, density, two-and three-body contacts, and the condensate fraction. We find that uniform matter is more bound than three-body clusters by nearly 2 orders of magnitude, the two-body contact is very large in absolute terms, and yet the condensate fraction is also very large, greater than 90%. Equilibrium properties of these systems may be experimentally accessible through rapid quenching of weakly interacting boson superfluids.
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6

Scott, Kathryn N. "State-firm bargaining at the subfederal level : the case of California's unitary tax". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1718/.

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This thesis models negotiations over U.S. subfederal economic policies that conflict with international norms. It analyses a recent case of a U.S. state government bargaining with foreign entities over a subfederal economic regulation which violated international norms: California's system of worldwide combined unitary taxation. The thesis applies Stopford and Strange's framework of state-firm bargaining to the subfederal level by: 1) determining which actors were involved in lobbying to change a U.S. state economic policy which violated international norms, California's unitary tax method; 2) determining the actors' policy agendas; 3) determining the different types of political and economic assets each actor possessed, and how effectively the actors used these assets to achieve their policy agendas; 4) determining how effectively the actors used various channels of negotiation to influence California's policy, and; 5) determining the most effective uses of assets and negotiating channels, key initiatives which influenced the outcome of the policy debate. What happens when U.S. state economic regulations conflict with international norms. What capabilities do states possess to defend their regulations when bargaining in the international arena. This thesis will argue that in the case of California's unitary tax, the following hypotheses are valid: 1) Powerful U.S. states such as California can maintain regulatory standards at odds with federal and international norms. Growing global economic interdepence is not eliminating California's regulatory options, since the U.S. federal government often refuses to effectively constrain powerful states which violate federal and international norms. 2) U.S. state governments can bargain directly with foreign governments and multinational enterprises as actors in the international arena. As the international arena increasingly intrudes on the affairs of subfederal governments, the U.S. federal government will not always be the preeminent negotiating channel for international actors seeking to influence U.S. economic policies.
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Vilain, Yoan. "L'État et les collectivités locales en France et en Allemagne : étude comparée des limites constitutionnelles à la décentralisation". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D078.

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La doctrine oppose traditionnellement deux modèles de séparation verticale des pouvoirs : l'État unitaire et l'État fédéral. Il est en outre admis que la structure fédérale de l'État est intrinsèquement favorable à l'autonomie locale. Les récentes et nombreuses réformes de l'organisation territoriale des compétences menées en France et en Allemagne obligent à questionner la pertinence de cette présentation doctrinale désormais classique et à réviser l'état des connaissances sur les droits positifs de ces deux pays. Pour cela, l'étude opte pour un angle de vue original car elle propose de saisir le fédéralisme par le prisme de l'autonomie locale, en comparant la situation constitutionnelle des «collectivités locales», respectivement dans un État unitaire et dans un État fédéral. D'autre part, cette recherche comparative démontre l'intérêt de s'appuyer sur la typologie de la décentralisation élaborée par Hans Kelsen afin de dépasser les classifications doctrinales classiques surdéterminées par le référentiel national. Il est alors possible de constater une convergence entre la France et l'Allemagne au regard des garanties formelles et matérielles du droit à l'autonomie locale, en particulier suite à la constitutionnalisation du droit des collectivités territoriales en France. Ce constat se confirme au regard du « pouvoir de surveillance » de l'État sur les actes des collectivités locales, les possibilités des autorités étatiques d'interférer dans la vie juridique locale étant plus limitées en France qu'en Allemagne. Il en ressort que la structure fédérale de l'État n'est pas nécessairement plus respectueuse des libertés locales que la structure unitaire de l'État
The legal doctrines distinguish traditionally two different models of vertical separation of powers: the unitary state and the federal state, France being supposed to represent the first, Germany the second. Moreover, it is generally acknowledged that federal states are more respectful of local freedoms. However, the decentralization reforms carried out in France and in Germany oblige to question the relevance of this doctrinal assumption and to review the current state of knowledge on the legal systems of both countries. This research is based on an original approach seizing the federalism by the prism of local autonomy and comparing the legal situation of the "local government authorities", respectively in a unitary state and a federal state. ln addition, this comparative research is based on the decentralization theory of Hans Kelsen. This allows avoiding the use of the traditional doctrinal classifications that remain largely determined by the national reference frame. This examination of the legal relationship between central and local authorities allows to note a significant convergence between France and Germany regarding the formal and material protection of the right to local autonomy, in particular due to the constitutionalization of local government law in France. This first research result is confirmed by taking into consideration the "power of surveillance" of the central state on the local authorities, the legal opportunities to interfere in the self-government being even more restricted in France than in Germany. This reveals that federal states are not necessarily providing a greater legal protection of local autonomy than unitary states
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8

Bernard, Elise. "L'Etat en République de Serbie depuis 1990". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030194.

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Il existe, entre la Serbie et la France, une véritable communauté scientifique en ce qui concerne le droit public. En effet, depuis le XIXe siècle, si l’on se penche sur l’histoire, les publicistes serbes et français s’interrogent sur les mêmes problèmes relatifs à l’État et sa pérennité. Ceci n’a rien d’étonnant car la Serbie, comme la France, a sa place dans le cadre de l’espace européen contemporain et répond à ses modèles. Les concepts de droit public que nous connaissons, par rapport au cas étudié, sont de deux types : nous pouvons distinguer les concepts de processus, qui témoignent d’une dynamique particulière, et les concepts de cas, qui nous amènent à une analyse statique. Concernant les premiers, il est question de transition démocratique, transition constitutionnelle, succession d’États, dislocation, sécession, séparation d’États et internationalisation du droit public. Pour les seconds, il s’agit des concepts d’État, personnalité morale, d’État constitutionnel, souveraineté, État composé (état fédéré, régional, autonomies), État de droit, démocratie et administration internationale. Il ne nous a pas semblé nécessaire de créer d’autres concepts. En effet, la plupart des points problématiques rappellent les grandes théories, plus ou moins directement. Dans le cadre de notre recherche il a bien été question de faire un bilan de ces théories, au regard d’un cas concret : la République de Serbie depuis, 1990, au moment de l’introduction du pluripartisme, dans la Yougoslavie titiste mourante. Le but de cette analyse est de proposer notre contribution car nous n’avons pas la prétention de fonder une nouvelle théorie de l’État. Mais au vu des mécanismes du droit, comme outil nous permettant de penser l’État, le cas de la Serbie, depuis 1990, et ses données spécifiques, nous amènent à engager une piste de réflexion sur l’État tel qu’il peut être pensé et critiqué, en ce début de XXIe siècle
The nineteenth century, if one looks at History, French and Serbian publicists have questioned the same problems with regard to the issue State and its future. This is not surprising as Serbia, like France, has its place in the framework of the European contemporary public Law. The concepts of public Law that we know from the cases studied are of two types: we can distinguish between concepts of process, which has proven to be particularly dynamic, and concepts of case law that leads us to a static analysis. The former relates to a democratic transition, constitutional transition, succession, dislocation, secession, separation of state and internationalization of public law. The latter, pertains to concepts of state, legal status, sovereignty, state compound (federal state, regional autonomies), Rule of law, Democracy and international administration. It did not seem necessary to create other concepts. Indeed, the most problematic issues involve the major theories, more or less directly. Part of our research has included a review of these theories, in terms of a concrete case: the Republic of Serbia since 1990, when the introduction of multipartism in Tito's Yugoslavia came to end. The purpose of this analysis is to offer our contribution ; we do not pretend to find a new theory of the state. Indeed in view of the mechanisms of Law as a tool to consider the question of state, in the case of Serbia, since 1990, with its specific circumstances, leads us to initiate a line of reflexions on the issue of state that may be thought as criticism, in the early twenty-first century
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Nordling, Emil. "Generation of the Bound Entangled Smolin State and Entanglement Witnesses for Low-Dimensional Unitary Invariant States". Thesis, Uppsala University, Theoretical Physics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130039.

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Quantum entanglement is employed as a resource throughout quantum information science. However, before entanglement can be put to intelligent use, the issues of its production and detection must be considered. This thesis proposes four schemes for producing the bound entangled Smolin state. Three of these schemes produce the Smolin state by means of general quantum gates acting on different initial states - an all-zero state, a GHZ-state and two combined Bell states. The fourth scheme is based on one-qubit operations acting on two-photon states produced by SPDC. Furthermore, a maximum overlap entanglement witness detecting entanglement in the Smolin state is derived. This witness is measurable in three measurement settings with the maximal noise tolerance p=2/3. Lastly, simplified entanglement witnesses for the 4-, 6- and 8-qubit unitary invariant states are derived. These witnesses are measurable in three measurement settings with noise tolerances p=0.1802..., p=0.1502... and p=0.0751..., respectively.

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10

Evliyaoglu, Selçuk Abdullah. "La notion d'État unitaire en France et en Turquie". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D076.

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Le contexte de la notion d’État unitaire est en pleine mutation. La République française en témoigne notamment depuis les réformes de la décentralisation de 1982. En effet, l’on constate une transition de l’État unitaire « typique » ou « classique » à l’État unitaire « atypique » ou « moderne ». Ainsi, une comparaison entre l’État unitaire français et la République turque qui est strictement fidèle à la structure étatique unitaire permet de démontrer cette transition. Par ailleurs, force est de constater que les structures unitaires de certains États se sont transformées en une autre forme distincte, et ce en raison du dépassement des limites de la mutation admissible de l’État unitaire puisque ces États consacrent une décentralisation « politique » ou « législative » en attribuant un pouvoir législatif à des entités infra-étatiques. L’unité du pouvoir législatif apparaît, sur ce point, comme une condition sine qua non et une limite infranchissable dans le cadre de la mutation de cette forme d’État. Néanmoins, la situation est un peu complexe pour l’État unitaire français face à la position exceptionnelle de certaines collectivités auxquelles l’on a attribué des compétences législatives. Cette situation nécessite d’admettre que l’unité de pouvoir législatif est une règle générale et essentielle dans les États unitaires et que l’existence de certaines dérogations ne porte pas atteinte à la structure étatique unitaire. Toutefois, si l’attribution du pouvoir législatif est une règle générale, il sera possible de parler de la transformation de l’État unitaire vers une autre forme d’État
The context of the notion of unitary state is changing. The French Republic testifies it since the reforms of the decentralization of 1982. Indeed, there is a transition from the unitary state "typical" or "classic" to the unitary state "atypical" or "modern". Thus, a comparison between the French unitary state and the Turkish Republic which is strictly faithful to the unitary state structure makes it possible to demonstrate this transition. On the other hand, there are some States whose unitary structures have been transformed into another distinct form because of the exceeding of the limits of the permissible mutation of the unitary State, since these States devote a "political" or "legislative" decentralization within their organizations by assigning a legislative power to their local entities. The unity of the legislative power appears, on this point, as a condition "sine qua non" and an impassable limit in terms of the mutation of this form of State. But, the situation is a bit complex for the French unitary state in view of the exceptional position of certain communities to which legislative powers are attributed. This situation makes it necessary to admit that the unity of the legislative power is a general and essential rule in unitary States and that the existence of certain derogations does not affect the unitary state structure. However, if the attribution of the legislative power is a general rule, it will be possible to speak of the transformation of the unitary state towards another form of state
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Libros sobre el tema "Stato unitario"

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d'Entrèves, Ettore Passerin. La formazione dello Stato unitario. Roma: Istituto per la storia del Risorgimento italiano, 1993.

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Silvio Spaventa: Tra Risorgimento e stato unitario. Napoli: Vivarium, 2003.

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Ghisalberti, Carlo. Silvio Spaventa: Tra Risorgimento e stato unitario. Napoli: Vivarium, 2003.

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Cozzi, Mauro. Edilizia in Toscana: Dal granducato allo stato unitario. Firenze: EDIFIR, 1992.

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Alberto, Buvoli, ed. Il processo di integrazione nello Stato unitario: 1866-1914. [Udine]: Istituto friulano per la storia del movimento di liberazione, 2004.

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1945-, Cacace Paolo, ed. La politica estera dell'Italia: Dallo stato unitario ai giorni nostri. Roma: Laterza, 2006.

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La guerra cafona: Il brigantaggio meridionale contro lo Stato unitario. Milano: Boroli, 2005.

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La federalizzazione di uno Stato unitario: Il controverso caso italiano. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2017.

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Sofia, Ventura, ed. Da stato unitario a stato federale: Territorializzazione della politica, devoluzione e adattamento istituzionale in Europa. Bologna: Il mulino, 2008.

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Barbara, Leoni, ed. Pisa nell'Ottocento: Le trasformazioni della città tra Granducato e Stato unitario. Ghezzano [Pisa]: Felici, 2010.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Stato unitario"

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van Apeldoorn, Joran, Arjan Cornelissen, András Gilyén y Giacomo Nannicini. "Quantum tomography using state-preparation unitaries". En Proceedings of the 2023 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), 1265–318. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977554.ch47.

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Molander, Per. "A Summary, and Four Theses on State-Local Relationships". En Fiscal Federalism in Unitary States, 169–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0503-7_9.

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Bart, Harm, Marinus A. Kaashoek y André C. M. Ran. "J-unitary rational matrix functions". En A State Space Approach to Canonical Factorization with Applications, 313–45. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8753-2_18.

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Bregnsbo, Michael y Kurt Villads Jensen. "From the Conglomerate State to the Unitary State 1720–1814". En The Rise and Fall of the Danish Empire, 145–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91441-7_7.

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Oller, José Antonio. "Final(Initial)-State Interactions. Unitarity and Analyticity Requirements. Watson Final-State Theorem". En SpringerBriefs in Physics, 87–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13582-9_13.

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Delchamps, David F. "Complex Matrices and the Unitary Diagonalizabity of Hermitian Matrices". En State Space and Input-Output Linear Systems, 145–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3816-4_11.

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Oberhofer, Julia, Dieter Roth, Julia Stehlin, Roland Sturm y Felix Wille. "Regional Citizenship in Germany: Solidarity and Participation in a Unitary Federal State". En Citizenship after the Nation State, 80–108. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137314994_4.

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Horváth, Gyula. "Regionalism in a Unitary State: The Case of Hungary". En Europe, Regions and European Regionalism, 184–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230293151_11.

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Toonen, Theo A. J. "Administrative Conditions to Institutional Politics: Federalism in an Unitary State". En Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 203–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9486-8_10.

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Polga-Hecimovich, John. "Reshaping the State: The Unitary Executive Presidency of Rafael Correa". En Assessing the Left Turn in Ecuador, 15–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27625-6_2.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Stato unitario"

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Bartulović, Željko. "IZBORI ZA USTAVOTVORNU SKUPŠTINU U MODRUŠKO-RIJEČKOJ ŽUPANIJI 1920. GODINE". En 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.207b.

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The elections for the Constituent Assembly of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1920 may show the political orientation of the voters and the acceptance of the party programs that the parties advocated during the pre-election period and in the work of the assembly. The elections were held in a part of the Modruš-Rijeka district that was not under Italian occupation, which significantly affected the results. Within the constituency, three areas are distinguished. Kordun with a predominantly Serb population votes for unitarian-centralist parties (“Pribićevićs“ and Radicals), and Croats for Croatian and federalist parties (Croatian Republican Peasant Party - CRPP and Party of Rights). It is similar in Gorki Kotar with the Croatian majority. In Primorje, there is a dispersion of votes between the Unitarians and the CRPP, with a smaller share going to the Radicals, the Croatian Popular Party (“clericals“) and the Communists. In the constituency, the Democrats won with 31.65% of the vote, the CRPP won 24.90%, communists 15.81%, and the rightists 12.53%. Three members of the Democrats, three members of the CRPP, one communist and one member of Party of Rights were elected. The Democrats brought together Yugoslav politicians, but not an integral one denied by the “tribes“, but pre-war coastal right-wingers who, in fear of Italian irredentism, wanted a strong state. The CRPP has not been successful in the Littoral, which, under pressure from the regime, can be attributed to a state program that does not suit coastal Croats. Those in the party's struggle against centralism and unitarism in the CRPP see the specter of separatism, which goes against the state as a shield against irredentism.
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Cutshall, J. M., T. McPhee y M. Beck. "State Preparation and Measurement Tomography via Unitary Transformations". En Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cqo.2019.m3a.3.

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Semenov, Egor y Ruslan Ahmedov. "PROBLEMS OF CORRELATION of MODELS OF FEDERAL AND UNITARY FORMS OF state structure". En Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02058-6/277-283.

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This paper examines the features of the relationship between the federal and unitary state structure, their positive and negative aspects, the problems of genesis and adaptation in modern socio-political and economic conditions.
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Sulumov, Salambek Khaitovich, Leila Ruslanovna Gazieva y Kazbek Khasanovich Mazhiev. "Privatization Results Of State Unitary Enterprises In The Region". En International Conference on Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.337.

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Asmorojati, Anom Wahyu. "Unitary State Principle Between Central And Local Government In Yogyakarta". En ILC 2017 - 9th UUM International Legal Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.03.62.

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Zha, xin-wei, ning Miao y xiao-yuan Yu. "The superposition invariance of unitary operators and maximally entangled state". En Quantum Information Technology, editado por Sven Höfling, Jianyu Wang y Chaoyang Lu. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2538451.

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Goto, Yosuke y Minoru Fujishima. "Large-Scale Quantum Computing Emulation Based on Unitary Macro-Operations". En 2006 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2006.c-3-1.

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Roy, Subha Gaurab, Nirmal Kumar Sarkar y Ramendu Bhattacharjee. "Determination of energy bands in solids using unitary representation of Su(1,1) lie algebra". En SOLID STATE PHYSICS: Proceedings of the 56th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2011. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4710243.

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Цыкора, Анна, Anna Tsykora, Екатерина Суколенко y Ekaterina Sukolenko. "ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT ORGANS". En Modern problems of an economic safety, accounting and the right in the Russian Federation. AUS PUBLISHERS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/conference_article3011.

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The article considers a brief analysis of the management bodies of a state unitary enterprise by referring to the legislation in terms of the new for Russian law wording that bodies, employees and representatives of a legal entity act as a representative as an additional body for the management of state enterprises.
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Edlich, Thomas, Thomas Hunziker y Dirk Dahlhaus. "Recursive Spatial Multiplexing: Improving Unitary Precoding with Outdated Channel State Information". En 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2010.5493703.

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Informes sobre el tema "Stato unitario"

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Harvey, Barbara S. The Future of Indonesia as a Unitary State: Separatism and Decentralization. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, septiembre de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594235.

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Craw, Jack. OPINION: Focus and Performance in Managing Post-border Security in New Zealand. Unitec ePress, diciembre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/pibs.rs32015.

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The New Zealand public, its industries and the conservation sector, are greatly concerned about the state of national biosecurity protection, awareness and system performance – and rightly so. Scarcely a day goes by without a new story in the media about a biosecurity breach, a pest, a threat or a related impact on the economy, biodiversity, human health or lifestyles. The vast majority of this public focus is on issues at the national border. Yet the greatest number and cost of biosecurity programmes in New Zealand, and the greatest impact on citizens’ wallets, are the many pest management programmes developed and implemented by regional and unitary councils.These programmes tend to be largely ignored by the national media, possibly because they are implemented by 17 disparate regional and unitary councils (hereafter referred to as councils), and possibly because most of the programmes are unspectacular, business-as-usual, necessary activities that help to keep farming profitable, the environment liveable and conservation achievable.
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Farhi, Edward y Hartmut Neven. Classification with Quantum Neural Networks on Near Term Processors. Web of Open Science, diciembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/qrl.v1i2.80.

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We introduce a quantum neural network, QNN, that can represent labeled data, classical or quantum, and be trained by supervised learning. The quantum circuit consists of a sequence of parameter dependent unitary transformations which acts on an input quantum state. For binary classification a single Pauli operator is measured on a designated readout qubit. The measured output is the quantum neural network’s predictor of the binary label of the input state. We show through classical simulation that parameters can be found that allow the QNN to learn to correctly distinguish the two data sets. We then discuss presenting the data as quantum superpositions of computational basis states corresponding to different label values. Here we show through simulation that learning is possible. We consider using our QNN to learn the label of a general quantum state. By example we show that this can be done. Our work is exploratory and relies on the classical simulation of small quantum systems. The QNN proposed here was designed with near-term quantum processors in mind. Therefore it will be possible to run this QNN on a near term gate model quantum computer where its power can be explored beyond what can be explored with simulation.
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Bourrier, Mathilde, Michael Deml y Farnaz Mahdavian. Comparative report of the COVID-19 Pandemic Responses in Norway, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. University of Stavanger, noviembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.254.

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The purpose of this report is to compare the risk communication strategies and public health mitigation measures implemented by Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic based on publicly available documents. The report compares the country responses both in relation to one another and to the recommendations and guidance of the World Health Organization where available. The comparative report is an output of Work Package 1 from the research project PAN-FIGHT (Fighting pandemics with enhanced risk communication: Messages, compliance and vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak), which is financially supported by the Norwegian Research Council's extraordinary programme for corona research. PAN-FIGHT adopts a comparative approach which follows a “most different systems” variation as a logic of comparison guiding the research (Przeworski & Teune, 1970). The countries in this study include two EU member States (Sweden, Germany), one which was engaged in an exit process from the EU membership (the UK), and two non-European Union states, but both members of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA): Norway and Switzerland. Furthermore, Germany and Switzerland govern by the Continental European Federal administrative model, with a relatively weak central bureaucracy and strong subnational, decentralised institutions. Norway and Sweden adhere to the Scandinavian model—a unitary but fairly decentralised system with power bestowed to the local authorities. The United Kingdom applies the Anglo-Saxon model, characterized by New Public Management (NPM) and decentralised managerial practices (Einhorn & Logue, 2003; Kuhlmann & Wollmann, 2014; Petridou et al., 2019). In total, PAN-FIGHT is comprised of 5 Work Packages (WPs), which are research-, recommendation-, and practice-oriented. The WPs seek to respond to the following research questions and accomplish the following: WP1: What are the characteristics of governmental and public health authorities’ risk communication strategies in five European countries, both in comparison to each other and in relation to the official strategies proposed by WHO? WP2: To what extent and how does the general public’s understanding, induced by national risk communication, vary across five countries, in relation to factors such as social capital, age, gender, socio-economic status and household composition? WP3: Based on data generated in WP1 and WP2, what is the significance of being male or female in terms of individual susceptibility to risk communication and subsequent vulnerability during the COVID-19 outbreak? WP4: Based on insight and knowledge generated in WPs 1 and 2, what recommendations can we offer national and local governments and health institutions on enhancing their risk communication strategies to curb pandemic outbreaks? WP5: Enhance health risk communication strategies across five European countries based upon the knowledge and recommendations generated by WPs 1-4. Pre-pandemic preparedness characteristics All five countries had pandemic plans developed prior to 2020, which generally were specific to influenza pandemics but not to coronaviruses. All plans had been updated following the H1N1 pandemic (2009-2010). During the SARS (2003) and MERS (2012) outbreaks, both of which are coronaviruses, all five countries experienced few cases, with notably smaller impacts than the H1N1 epidemic (2009-2010). The UK had conducted several exercises (Exercise Cygnet in 2016, Exercise Cygnus in 2016, and Exercise Iris in 2018) to check their preparedness plans; the reports from these exercises concluded that there were gaps in preparedness for epidemic outbreaks. Germany also simulated an influenza pandemic exercise in 2007 called LÜKEX 07, to train cross-state and cross-department crisis management (Bundesanstalt Technisches Hilfswerk, 2007). In 2017 within the context of the G20, Germany ran a health emergency simulation exercise with WHO and World Bank representatives to prepare for potential future pandemics (Federal Ministry of Health et al., 2017). Prior to COVID-19, only the UK had expert groups, notably the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE), that was tasked with providing advice during emergencies. It had been used in previous emergency events (not exclusively limited to health). In contrast, none of the other countries had a similar expert advisory group in place prior to the pandemic. COVID-19 waves in 2020 All five countries experienced two waves of infection in 2020. The first wave occurred during the first half of the year and peaked after March 2020. The second wave arrived during the final quarter. Norway consistently had the lowest number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per million. Germany’s counts were neither the lowest nor the highest. Sweden, Switzerland and the UK alternated in having the highest numbers per million throughout 2020. Implementation of measures to control the spread of infection In Germany, Switzerland and the UK, health policy is the responsibility of regional states, (Länders, cantons and nations, respectively). However, there was a strong initial centralized response in all five countries to mitigate the spread of infection. Later on, country responses varied in the degree to which they were centralized or decentralized. Risk communication In all countries, a large variety of communication channels were used (press briefings, websites, social media, interviews). Digital communication channels were used extensively. Artificial intelligence was used, for example chatbots and decision support systems. Dashboards were used to provide access to and communicate data.
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