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Morrison, Leanne J. y Alan Lowe. "Into the woods of corporate fairytales and environmental reporting". Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 34, n.º 4 (12 de marzo de 2021): 819–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-03-2020-4466.
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PurposeUsing a dialogic approach to narrative analysis through the lens of fairytale, this paper explores the shared construction of corporate environmental stories. The analysis provided aims to reveal the narrative messaging which is implicit in corporate reporting, to contrast corporate and stakeholder narratives and to bring attention to the ubiquity of storytelling in corporate communications.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines a series of events in which a single case company plays the central role. The environmental section of the case company's sustainability report is examined through the lens of fairytale analysis. Next, two counter accounts are constructed which foreground multiple stakeholder accounts and retold as fairytales.FindingsThe dialogic nature of accounts plays a critical role in how stakeholders understand the environmental impacts of a company. Storytelling mechanisms have been used to shape the perspective and sympathies of the report reader in favour of the company. We use these same mechanisms to create two collective counter accounts which display different sympathies.Research limitations/implicationsThis research reveals how the narrative nature of corporate reports may be used to fabricate a particular perspective through storytelling. By doing so, it challenges the authority of the version of events provided by the company and gives voice to collective counter accounts which are shared by and can be disseminated to other stakeholders.Originality/valueThis paper provides a unique perspective to understanding corporate environmental reporting and the stories shared by and with external stakeholders by drawing from a novel link between fairytale, storytelling and counter accounting.
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Das, Sanmay. "Local Justice and the Algorithmic Allocation of Scarce Societal Resources". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, n.º 11 (28 de junio de 2022): 12250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i11.21486.
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AI is increasingly used to aid decision-making about the allocation of scarce societal resources, for example housing for homeless people, organs for transplantation, and food donations. Recently, there have been several proposals for how to design objectives for these systems that attempt to achieve some combination of fairness, efficiency, incentive compatibility, and satisfactory aggregation of stakeholder preferences. This paper lays out possible roles and opportunities for AI in this domain, arguing for a closer engagement with the political philosophy literature on local justice, which provides a framework for thinking about how societies have over time framed objectives for such allocation problems. It also discusses how we may be able to integrate into this framework the opportunities and risks opened up by the ubiquity of data and the availability of algorithms that can use them to make accurate predictions about the future.
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Abdolkhani, Robab, Kathleen Gray, Ann Borda y Ruth DeSouza. "Quality Assurance of Health Wearables Data: Participatory Workshop on Barriers, Solutions, and Expectations". JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, n.º 1 (22 de enero de 2020): e15329. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15329.
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Background The ubiquity of health wearables and the consequent production of patient-generated health data (PGHD) are rapidly escalating. However, the utilization of PGHD in routine clinical practices is still low because of data quality issues. There is no agreed approach to PGHD quality assurance; therefore, realizing the promise of PGHD requires in-depth discussion among diverse stakeholders to identify the data quality assurance challenges they face and understand their needs for PGHD quality assurance. Objective This paper reports findings from a workshop aimed to explore stakeholders’ data quality challenges, identify their needs and expectations, and offer practical solutions. Methods A qualitative multi-stakeholder workshop was conducted as a half-day event on the campus of an Australian University located in a major health care precinct, namely the Melbourne Parkville Precinct. The 18 participants had experience of PGHD use in clinical care, including people who identified as health care consumers, clinical care providers, wearables suppliers, and health information specialists. Data collection was done by facilitators capturing written notes of the proceedings as attendees engaged in participatory design activities in written and oral formats, using a range of whole-group and small-group interactive methods. The collected data were analyzed thematically, using deductive and inductive coding. Results The participants’ discussions revealed a range of technical, behavioral, operational, and organizational challenges surrounding PGHD, from the time when data are collected by patients to the time data are used by health care providers for clinical decision making. PGHD stakeholders found consensus on training and engagement needs, continuous collaboration among stakeholders, and development of technical and policy standards to assure PGHD quality. Conclusions Assuring PGHD quality is a complex process that requires the contribution of all PGHD stakeholders. The variety and depth of inputs in our workshop highlighted the importance of co-designing guidance for PGHD quality guidance.
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Onyena, Amarachi Paschaline, Donald Chukwudi Aniche, Bright Ogechi Ogbolu, Md Refat Jahan Rakib, Jamal Uddin y Tony R. Walker. "Governance Strategies for Mitigating Microplastic Pollution in the Marine Environment: A Review". Microplastics 1, n.º 1 (2 de diciembre de 2021): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microplastics1010003.
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Threats emerging from microplastic pollution in the marine environment have received much global attention. This review assessed sources, fate, and impacts of microplastics in marine ecosystems and identified gaps. Most studies document the ubiquity of microplastics and associated environmental effects. Effects include impacts to marine ecosystems, risks to biodiversity, and threats to human health. Microplastic leakage into marine ecosystems arises from plastic waste mismanagement and a lack of effective mitigative strategies. This review identified a scarcity of microplastics’ mitigation strategies from different stakeholders. Lack of community involvement in microplastic monitoring or ecosystem conservation exists due to limited existence of citizen science and stakeholder co-management initiatives. Although some management strategies exist for controlling effects of microplastics (often implemented by local and global environmental groups), a standardized management strategy to mitigate microplastics in coastal areas is urgently required. There is a need to review policy interventions aimed at plastic reduction in or near coastal ecosystems and evaluate their effectiveness. There is also a need to identify focal causes of microplastic pollution in the marine environment through further environmental research and governance approaches. These would extend to creating more effective policies as well as harmonized and extended efforts of educational campaigns and incentives for plastic waste reduction while mandating stringent penalties to help reduce microplastic leakage into the marine environment.
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Chowdhury, Ataharul, Khondokar H. Kabir, Abdul-Rahim Abdulai y Md Firoze Alam. "Systematic Review of Misinformation in Social and Online Media for the Development of an Analytical Framework for Agri-Food Sector". Sustainability 15, n.º 6 (7 de marzo de 2023): 4753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15064753.
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The ubiquity of social and online media networks, the credulousness of online communities, coupled with limited accountability pose a risk of mis-, dis-, mal-, information (mis-dis-mal-information)—the intentional or unintentional spread of false, misleading and right information related to agri-food topics. However, agri-food mis-dis-malinformation in social media and online digital agricultural communities of practice (CoPs) remains underexplored. There is also a limited theoretical and conceptual foundation for understanding mis-dis-malinformation topics in the agri-food sectors. The study aims to review mis-dis-malinformation literature and offer a framework to help understand agri-food mis-dis-malinformation in social media and online CoPs. This paper performs a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The review shows that many disciplines, particularly communication, social media studies, computer science, health studies, political science and journalism, are increasingly engaging with mis-dis-malinformation research. This systematic research generates a framework based on six thematic categories for holistically understanding and assessing agri-food mis-dis-malinformation in social and online media communities. The framework includes mis-dis-malinformation characterization, source identification, diffusion mechanisms, stakeholder impacts, detection tactics, and mis-dis-malinformation curtailment and countermeasures. The paper contributes to advancing the emerging literature on ‘controversial topics’, ‘misinformation’, and ‘information integrity’ of the virtual agri-food advisory services. This is the first attempt to systematically analyze and incorporate experience from diverse fields of mis-dis-malinformation research that will inform future scholarly works in facilitating conversations and advisory efforts in the agri-food sector.
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Saha, Koustuv y Munmun De Choudhury. "Assessing the mental health of college students by leveraging social media data". XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students 28, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3481834.
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The mental health of college students is a growing concern and gauging the mental health needs of this group is difficult to assess in real-time and in scale. The ubiquity and widespread use of social media, particularly among young adults, provides opportunities for various stakeholders to proactively assess the mental health of college students and provide timely and tailored support.
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Walsh, Lynda. "Accountability: Towards a Definition of Hybridity for Scholars of Transnational Rhetorics". Rhetorica 30, n.º 4 (2012): 392–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2012.30.4.392.
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As rhetoricians turn increasingly to study non-Western rhetorics, they rely on postcolonial scholarship but sometimes encounter difficulties adapting its key methods—in particular, hybridity. While it is quite clearly a necessary concept for transnational rhetorics, nevertheless its literariness, ubiquity, and vagueness about agency limit its utility. In this paper I draw from relevant work in genre studies, sociolinguistics, and social constructivism to propose a new version of hybridity that can take account of hybrid rhetorical forms, account for their agency with audiences, and be accountable to stakeholders in transnational settings where rhetoricians work. I finish by applying this new method to a protestant sermon preached in Mali and noting both the successes and challenges of engaging an accountable notion of hybridity.
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Rodriguez, Michael y Kevin Trainor. "A conceptual model of the drivers and outcomes of mobile CRM application adoption". Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 10, n.º 1 (14 de marzo de 2016): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-12-2014-0075.
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Purpose – Many organizations still struggle with sales force technology implementation because of low user adoption rates. The ubiquity of mobile computing devices, such as smartphones and tablets, and the proliferation of mobile customer relationship management (mCRM) applications, may lead to increased CRM adoption and higher returns on CRM technology investments. The purpose of this study is to attempt to extend the current literature by developing a model of mCRM antecedents and outcomes by incorporating the idiosyncratic mCRM characteristics that have not yet been examined in the sales technology literature. Design/methodology/approach – This research utilizes the technology acceptance model and the technology-to-performance chain as the foundation of a conceptual model of the drivers and outcomes of mCRM adoption. Findings – This conceptual study provides several contributions to both the sales technology literature and to practitioners within sales organizations. The proposed conceptual model outlines the benefits of providing mCRM capabilities to sales professionals. These benefits include increased productivity, sales activity and collaboration among both internal stakeholders (management and peers) and external stakeholders (prospects and customers). Originality/value – Despite the increased use of mobile applications in sales, research on this particular form of technology is limited, and sales researchers have yet to examine mCRM or its relationship to sales performance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to forward a conceptual model that allows researchers to explore the drivers of mCRM use and how mCRM influences individual and organizational-level outcomes.
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Ismail, Kamarudin, Rosnah Ishak y Siti Hajar. "Validating Professional Learning Communities Practice Model in a Malaysian Context". European Journal of Educational Research 11, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2022): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.1.393.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Despite the ubiquity of professional learning communities (PLCs) among researchers, studies on PLCs have widely differed in terms of dimensions used to conceptualise them. Thus, the study aimed to validate the conceptual model consisting of PLCs practices. The study employed a quantitative method using a survey. Firstly, a pilot test was conducted in which 103 school-teachers were involved in completing a questionnaire. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) had determined six dimensions and 20 elements of PLCs practices. Then, the field study was conducted using the new questionnaire. The survey involved 386 school-teachers from 25 High Performing Schools (HPS). The result revealed that: I) Based on the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), multidimensional PLCs practice model is evidence in the Malaysian context. They are operationalised in six dimensions including visions, missions and values, professional leadership, collective and collaborative culture, sharing of best practices, conducive school climate, and strategic alliances among stakeholders and, ii) The level of PLCs implementation in HPS is high for all the dimensions. The practical implications from the study and future research recommendations were also discussed.</p>
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Ferriz-Valero, Alberto, Ove Østerlie, Salvador García-Martínez y Salvador Baena-Morales. "Flipped Classroom: A Good Way for Lower Secondary Physical Education Students to Learn Volleyball". Education Sciences 12, n.º 1 (4 de enero de 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010026.
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The ubiquity of digital technology in society and school demands that teachers and students explore various pedagogical approaches to make use of those technologies in a fruitful way in order to enhance students’ educational outcomes. One approach emerging in the field of physical education (PE) is the pedagogical approach called flipped classroom (FC). The first purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the application of an FC approach on 284 Spanish secondary PE students regarding learning of the conceptual content of the activity itself, in this case volleyball. The second purpose was to assess how this intervention affected their motivation from an SDT perspective. Through a quantitative approach, positive results were found regarding the positive development of autonomous motivation and cognitive learning among students following an FC approach. These results were compared to a control group following a traditional approach to PE, highlighting the relevance of the methodology applied. The findings of the present study would be valuable for policymakers and stakeholders looking to promote the integration of digital technology into PE as part of enhancing the outcomes of PE for all students and thus contributing to quality and sustainable education.
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Lavin, Jaime F. y Alejandro A. Montecinos-Pearce. "ESG Reporting: Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Board Heterogeneity from an Emerging Market". Sustainability 13, n.º 6 (11 de marzo de 2021): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063090.
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Firms are facing pressure to convincingly communicate to stakeholders their environment, society, and corporate governance (ESG) disclosure. In developing countries, where frictions among controlling and non-controlling shareholders are pervasive, the possible dissensus inside boards regarding ESG disclosure remains understudied. We investigate the ways in which boards’ heterogeneity between the interests of controlling groups and the interests of institutional investors influences ESG disclosure of firms in the Latin American context. Using social networks and logit panel data models, we analyze for 2015-17 the probability of ESG disclosure by 124 Chilean listed firms. Our evidence suggests that the influence of controlling shareholders through directorate interlocking has a negative relation with ESG disclosure. Additionally, we observe that the influence of institutional investors on ESG disclosure is not yet critical. Moreover, we find partial evidence of the presence of tension within the boards regarding ESG reporting between the directors that represent controlling shareholders and institutional investors. Considering the importance of institutional investors and the ubiquity directorate interlocking among Latin American’ firms, our results are relevant for regulators involved in advancing the rules of ESG disclosure practices, institutional investors focused on enhancing their ESG investment strategies, and firms engaged in improving the ESG decision-making within their boards.
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Vandemeulebroucke, Tijs, Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé, Laura Welbergen, Michiel Massart y Chris Gastmans. "The Ethics of Socially Assistive Robots in Aged Care. A Focus Group Study With Older Adults in Flanders, Belgium". Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, n.º 9 (25 de mayo de 2019): 1996–2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz070.
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Abstract Objectives Socially assistive robots (SARs) need to be studied from older adults’ perspective, given their predicted future ubiquity in aged-care settings. Current ethical discourses on SARs in aged care are uninformed by primary stakeholders’ ethical perceptions. This study reports on what community-dwelling older adults in Flanders, Belgium, perceive as ethical issues of SARs in aged care. Methods Constructivist grounded theory guided the study of 9 focus groups of 59 community-dwelling older adults (70+ years) in Flanders, Belgium. An open-ended topic guide and a modified Alice Cares documentary focused discussions. The Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven (QUAGOL) guided data analysis. Results Data revealed older adults’ multidimensional perceptions on the ethics of SARs which were structured along three sections: (a) SARs as components of a techno-societal evolution, (b) SARs’ embeddedness in aged-care dynamics, (c) SARs as embodiments of ethical considerations. Discussion Perceptions sociohistorically contextualize the ethics of SAR use by older adults’ views on societal, organizational, and relational contexts in which aged care takes place. These contexts need to inform the ethical criteria for the design, development, and use of SARs. Focusing on older adults’ ethical perceptions creates “normativity in place,” viewing participants as moral subjects.
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Sui, Wuyou y Danica Facca. "Digital health in a broadband land". Health Science Inquiry 11, n.º 1 (10 de agosto de 2020): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/hsi294.
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The rapid rise and widespread integration of digital technologies (e.g., smartphones, personal computers) into the fabric of our society has birthed a modern means of delivering healthcare, known as digital health. Through leveraging the accessibility and ubiquity of digital technologies, digital health represents an unprecedented level of reach, impact, and scalability for healthcare interventions, known as digital behaviour change interventions (DBCIs). The potential benefits associated with employing DBCIs are of particular interest for populations that are disadvantaged to receiving traditional healthcare, such as rural populations. However, several factors should be considered before implementing a DBCI into a rural environment, notably, digital health literacy. Digital health literacy describes the skills necessary to successful navigate and utilize a digital health solution (e.g., DBCI). Given their limited access to high-speed internet, higher cost associated for similar services, and poorer development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), most rural populations likely report lower digital health literacy – specifically, computer literacy, the ability to utilize and leverage digital technologies to solve problems. Hence, DBCIs should address this ‘digital divide’ between urban and rural populations before implementation. Practical solutions could include evaluating rural communities’ access to ICTs, needs assessments with rural community members, as well as integrating rural community stakeholders into the design of digital literacy education and interventions.
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Bakan, Buket, Nikolina Kalčec, Sijin Liu, Krunoslav Ilić, Yu Qi, Ivona Capjak, Lucija Božičević, Nikolina Peranić y Ivana Vinković Vrček. "Science-based evidence on pathways and effects of human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics". Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 75, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3807.
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Abstract Human exposure to plastic particles has raised great concern among all relevant stakeholders involved in the protection of human health due to the contamination of the food chain, surface waters, and even drinking water as well as due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. Now more than ever, it is critical that we understand the biological fate of plastics and their interaction with different biological systems. Because of the ubiquity of plastic materials in the environment and their toxic potential, it is imperative to gain reliable, regulatory-relevant, science-based data on the effects of plastic micro- and nanoparticles (PMNPs) on human health in order to implement reliable risk assessment and management strategies in the circular economy of plastics. This review presents current knowledge of human-relevant PMNP exposure doses, pathways, and toxic effects. It addresses difficulties in properly assessing plastic exposure and current knowledge gaps and proposes steps that can be taken to underpin health risk perception, assessment, and mitigation through rigorous science-based evidence. Based on the existing scientific data on PMNP adverse health effects, this review brings recommendations on the development of PMNP-specific adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) following the AOP Users’ Handbook of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
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Carraro, Katia y Ruth Trinder. "Technology in formal and informal learning environments: Student perspectives". Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 11, n.º 1 (24 de febrero de 2021): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v11i1.5219.
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The aim of this study is to assess whether the ease with which L2 learners/users can engage with their target languages beyond the classroom influences their perceptions of formal environments. In the last two decades, the rapid development and spread of new technologies has transformed foreign language acquisition, facilitating learning through leisure and informal language contact. At the same time, the new media are altering instructional contexts. Having always played a defining role in self-access centres (SACs), their ubiquity may now threaten this setting’s raison d’être; and while they can certainly add new dimensions to formal teaching, they are not necessarily welcomed by all stakeholders alike. These potential conflicts triggered our interest in researching students’ use of and perspectives on the affordances of technology for language learning in both formal as well as informal environments. Drawing on questionnaires, interviews and the results of the annual SAC monitoring, we will present data from three interlinked settings. Results indicate that despite the abundance of technology-based language learning opportunities, students still believe they benefit profoundly from the expertise and feedback of teachers and SAC advisors. We will conclude by pointing out potential reciprocal influences between the individual settings of a learning environment, and advise how teachers could help students become better-informed consumers of technology-mediated learning opportunities.
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Valenti, Emanuele. "Best Interests Decisions in Clinical Practice: Reviewing the Current Evidence". Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (9 de septiembre de 2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.120.
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"‘Best interests’ decisions are often needed when patients lack capacity to make their own healthcare decisions. Despite the ubiquity of ‘best interests’, there remains considerable ambiguity about what best interests are and how the standard should be applied, alongside a lack of understanding about how best interests decisions are actually made in clinical practice. Balancing Best Interests in Healthcare Ethics and Law (BABEL) is an interdisciplinary project, funded by a Wellcome Trust Collaborative Award, which aims to explore best interests decision-making in healthcare, both empirically and normatively. In this paper, we outline initial findings from a narrative review that asked, ‘what evidence do we have about how best interests decisions are made in clinical practice in England and Wales?’. Data were extracted from included papers using a standardised form, and then subjected to thematic analysis, focussing on what the papers told us about the process of decision-making, the stakeholders involved, the barriers and facilitators. Early results suggest we have some limited evidence about how best interests decisions are made in clinical settings, and the majority of this evidence concerns mental health and end-of-life care. Common factors taken into account in these decisions include: the patient’s clinical circumstances; risk assessment; the patient’s wishes; cost-effectiveness; avoiding harm; the patient’s well-being; autonomy; capacity assessment; and family’s wishes. "
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Willen, Sarah S., Colleen C. Walsh y Abigail Fisher Williamson. "Visualizing Health Equity: Qualitative Perspectives on the Value and Limits of Equity Images". Health Education & Behavior 48, n.º 5 (19 de marzo de 2021): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198121994520.
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Background Health educators and advocacy groups often use side-by-side visual images to communicate about equity and to distinguish it from equality. Despite the near-ubiquity of these images, little is known about how they are understood by different audiences. Aims To assess the effectiveness of an image commonly used to communicate about health equity. Method In 167 interviews with health stakeholders in Greater Cleveland, Ohio, in 2018 to 2019, a commonly used health equity image was shown to participants, who were asked to interpret its meaning. Interviewees included 21 health professionals, 21 clinicians, 22 metro-wide decision makers, 24 community leaders, and 79 community members. Results About two thirds of our socioeconomically, racial/ethnically, educationally, and professionally diverse sample said the equity image helped clarify the distinction between “equality” and “equity.” Yet less than one third offered an interpretation consistent with the image’s goals of foregrounding not only injustice but also a need for systemic change. Patterns of misinterpretation were especially common among two groups: ideological conservatives and those of lower socioeconomic status. Conservatives were most likely to object to the image’s message. Conclusions Equity images are widely used by public health educators and advocates, yet they do not consistently communicate the message that achieving equity requires systemic change. In this moment of both public health crisis and urgent concern about systemic racism, new visual tools for communicating this crucial message are needed.
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Motlhabi, Michael, Phumeza Pantsi, Bokang Mangoale, Rofhiwa Netshiya y Samson Chishiri. "Context-Aware Cyber Threat Intelligence Exchange Platform". International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 17, n.º 1 (2 de marzo de 2022): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/iccws.17.1.42.
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The ubiquity of network and internet-connected devices has increased exponentially in the past decade. The proliferation of end-user devices has created a lucrative environment for cybercriminals to exploit unsuspecting users at a personal and organizational level. Moreover, businesses and governments are heavily reliant on cyberspace to conduct their business. According to Accenture, in 2019 South Africa saw a spike in cyberattacks on all fronts—banks, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), utilities and eCommerce platforms. This shows that threat actors are continuously looking to exploit new and old vulnerabilities at ever-increasing rates. Furthermore, threat actors are sharing tactics, tools, and procedures to expand their attack surface and to improve the effectiveness of their attacks. Security research tends to be an insular process and rarely do individuals or groups share threat data. This is due to lack of trust, organizational policies, or simply the inability to get the information out to the masses. The idea behind this paper is to design a context-aware threat intelligence exchange platform that encourages collaboration and creates a federated environment amongst different industry stakeholders to share Indicators of Compromise. This paper further aims to define the process of transforming raw Indicators of Compromise into cyber threat intelligence. The platform described in this paper, when implemented, would provide the basic building blocks for developing a highly effective cybersecurity intelligence-sharing system that can improve vulnerability detectionand remediation by speeding up the time required to identify/resolve incidents.
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Tan, Kok Sheng y Preethi Subramanian. "Proposition of Machine Learning Driven Personalized Marketing Approach for E-Commerce". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2019): 3532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8319.
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The ubiquity of digital devices and Internet has formed a constantly connected online environment which led to the extensive adoption of e-commerce. However, the active participation of growing number of stakeholders intensifies the highly competitive landscape of the dynamic e-commerce market and the scarcity of trust in e-commerce business impede the generation of consistent sales growth. The obstruction necessitates the implementation of innovative marketing strategies to enhance the relationships with customers to develop customer loyalty. Therefore, a machine learning driven personalized marketing approach is proposed to facilitate the implementation of personalized marketing in which there are 2 significant sequential elements namely, the development of personalized marketing contents and delivery of the contents to prospective customers. Cluster analysis is employed to perform customer segmentation to discover customer segments due to the capability of the analysis to identify similarities in customer preferences in which the discovered customer segments are used to construct personalized marketing contents. In addition, artificial neural network is employed to predict prospective customers due to the capability of artificial neural network to comprehend complex relationships between customer demographics and buying behaviour in which the prediction facilitates the delivery of the constructed personalized marketing contents to potential repeat customer to optimize the marketing initiative. The combination of cluster analysis and artificial neural network empowers the construction of an efficacious marketing pipeline which enhances the competency of e-commerce businesses.
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Mistry, Hemi. "‘The different sets of ideas at the back of our heads’: Dissent and authority at the International Court of Justice". Leiden Journal of International Law 32, n.º 2 (14 de febrero de 2019): 293–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156519000049.
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AbstractAdditional opinions (AOs) – dissenting opinions, separate opinions and declarations, whether authored individually or jointly – are a distinctive characteristic of the ICJ’s jurisprudence. Few decisions of the International Court of Justice (the Court, ICJ) are delivered without any additional opinion attached to it. Yet, despite their ubiquity, there is still significant disagreement as to their relationship to the authority of the Court and its decisions. Although this disagreement is commonly attributed to the different approaches and attitudes traditionally associated with the ‘civil law’ and ‘common law’ traditions, few ask specifically why those traditions take the approach they do, and even fewer consider the appropriateness of the extension of those attitudes to the ICJ, which of course is neither ‘civil law’ nor ‘common law’. In this article, using the work of Mirjan Damaška, I offer a contextually coherent and contextually contingent understand of the theory and practice of additional opinions at the ICJ upon which engagement with this practice – by judges, scholars and practitioners – can be premised. This effort to understand the relationship between additional opinions and institutional authority will, by its very nature, lead to a broader enquiry into the very nature of institutional authority at the ICJ. Having explained the importance of AOs to the structural integrity of the Court’s authority, I will close this article by highlighting the role of various stakeholders when engaging with that practice to ensure that their institutional function is discharged.
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Little, Vicki Janine, Christina Kwai Choi Lee y Sumesh Nair. "Macro-demarketing: The Key to Unlocking Unsustainable Production and Consumption Systems?" Journal of Macromarketing 39, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2019): 166–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146718823885.
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Drawing on the multi-level perspective of socio-technical change and social practice theory, this paper argues that macrosocial marketing must attend to the challenge of aggregate demand reduction in order to support transition to more sustainable marketing systems. However, reversal of current production and consumption system trajectories is a prodigious challenge. To provide deeper insight into that challenge, an ethnographic case study of a failed plastic bag tax identified the mechanisms reinforcing unsustainable marketing systems. Despite widespread awareness and espoused support, the tax failed to meet policy goals. Embeddedness of plastic bags in two inseparable practices (waste management and household provisioning) gave rise to seven themes: Valuableness, skepticism, subversion, blame, juxtaposition, ubiquity and embeddedness, rights and responsibilities, highlighting the roles of habitus and dominant technological regimes, and the notion of markets as sites of conflict. Mapping the system mechanisms highlighted regulating loops locking in systems behaviors at macro (landscape), meso (regimes of technology and practice) and micro (individual consumer and firm) levels. Building on the idea of demarketing, a process of macrodemarketing is proposed as a multi-level challenge to systems unsustainability. A series of macrosocial marketing interventions is proposed, ranging from electoral and education policy, to incentives for closed loop supply chain innovations. Addressing the limitations of the voluntary individual choice perspective, the study contributes insight into sources of resistance and potential capitulation to systems interventions at multiple levels and among multiple stakeholders.
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Clemente-Suárez, Vicente Javier, Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco, Silvia Herrero-Roldán, Stephanie Rodriguez-Besteiro, Ismael Martínez-Guardado, Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez y Jose Francisco Tornero-Aguilera. "Digital Device Usage and Childhood Cognitive Development: Exploring Effects on Cognitive Abilities". Children 11, n.º 11 (27 de octubre de 2024): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11111299.
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The increasing ubiquity of digital devices in childhood had outpaced the understanding of their effects on cognitive development, creating a significant research gap regarding their long-term impact. Objective: The present narrative overview explored the complex relationship between digital device usage and cognitive development in childhood. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, to critically assess cognitive domains such as attention, memory, executive functions, problem-solving skills, and social cognition. Incorporating over 157 peer-reviewed studies published between 2001 and 2024, we used strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure scientific rigor. Results: The review integrated empirical findings with established theoretical frameworks, particularly from cognitive development and media psychology, to highlight both the advantages and risks of early, frequent exposure to technology. The potential for digital devices to enhance cognitive skills, such as multitasking and information processing, was weighed against risks such as cognitive overload, diminished attention spans, and impaired social skills. We also examined psychological and behavioral outcomes, including identity formation, emotional regulation, and maladaptive behaviors associated with excessive screen time. Additionally, we identified strategies to mitigate negative effects, emphasizing structured digital engagement and parental involvement to support healthy cognitive and psychological growth. Our findings provided actionable recommendations for parents, educators, and policymakers, promoting optimal digital practices that enhanced cognitive development while safeguarding against potential harms. Conclusions: The review offered essential insights for stakeholders in child development, education, and policy-making, highlighting the need for balanced integration of digital tools in childhood learning environments.
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Krasnobayev, Victor y Oleksandr Kuznetsov. "Integrating Non-Positional Numbering Systems into E-Commerce Platforms: A Novel Approach to Enhance System Fault Tolerance". Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, n.º 4 (3 de noviembre de 2023): 2033–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18040102.
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In the dynamic landscape of electronic commerce, the robustness of platforms is a critical determinant of operational continuity and trustworthiness, necessitating innovative approaches to fault tolerance. This study pioneers an advanced strategy for enhancing fault tolerance in e-commerce systems, utilizing non-positional numbering systems (NPNS) inspired by the mathematical robustness of the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). Traditional systems rely heavily on positional numbering, which, despite its ubiquity, harbors limitations in flexibility and resilience against computational errors and system faults. In contrast, NPNS, characterized by their independence, equitability, and residue independence, introduce a transformative potential for system architecture, significantly increasing resistance to disruptions and computational inaccuracies. Our discourse extends beyond theoretical implications, delving into practical applications within contemporary e-commerce platforms. We introduce and elaborate on new terminologies, concepts, and a sophisticated classification system for fault-tolerance mechanisms within the framework of NPNS. This nuanced approach not only consolidates understanding but also identifies underexplored pathways for resilience in digital commerce infrastructure. Furthermore, this research highlights the empirical significance of adopting NPNS, offering a methodologically sound and innovative avenue to safeguard against system vulnerabilities. By integrating NPNS, platforms can achieve enhanced levels of redundancy and fault tolerance, essential for maintaining operational integrity in the face of unforeseen system failures. This integration signals a paradigm shift, emphasizing proactive fault mitigation strategies over reactive measures. Conclusively, this study serves as a seminal reference point for subsequent scholarly endeavors, advocating for a shift towards NPNS in e-commerce platforms. The practical adaptations suggested herein are poised to redefine stakeholders’ approach to system reliability, instigating a new era of confidence in e-commerce engagements.
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Wang, Changsong y Yue Hu. "Malaysian and Mainland Chinese Social Network Community Users’ Perceptions on Post-Mh370 Incident". Ultimacomm: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 12, n.º 1 (26 de mayo de 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimacomm.v12i1.1336.
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Aside from the world-of-mouth generated by popular portals and forums, the quality of an opinion community also affects their social media users’ perception on certain topics. The advent of social media technologies has dramatically changed the scene in the information world. When Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 went missing, the flow of information experienced complexity uncertainty and ambiguity in terms of information adequacy. Social media plays a vital role in building on a framework of re-trust and friendly perception towards Malaysia Airlines. This paper aims to compare social media users’ perception of the Malaysia Airlines missing flight MH370 incident in Mainland China and Malaysia respectively. It reveals a significant difference in user perception of active social media in these two countries. This paper argues that social networking sites, such as Facebook in Malaysia, Weibo and Wechat in Mainland China, become the public opinion field which illustrates sorts of openness and negotiation in Malaysia and Mainland China. In the law enforcement and emergency response community, the historical perception of social media was that it was an alternative option. However, the ubiquity of social media use and the role of social media as the front line of communications in a crisis event has changed that perception. In 2018, 200 questionnaires were collected from respondents in Mainland China and Malaysia respectively. The survey results contributed to the mechanism of crisis communication for henceforth similar incidents in the future. There is no doubt that the portrait of Malaysia Airlines on social media in these two countries affected its organizational reputation. Nevertheless, the participants from Malaysia and Mainland China showed a very average level of confidence to empower themselves to enhance dialog capacity among various stakeholders for this incident.
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McLay, Katherine Frances y Vicente Chua Reyes Jr. "Problematising technology and teaching reforms: Australian and Singapore perspectives". International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 21, n.º 4 (31 de octubre de 2019): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijced-10-2018-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare and problematise technology and teaching reform initiatives in Australia and Singapore, demonstrating the importance of adopting a critical stance towards technology-rich education reform. In the Australian context, the tensions and challenges of the Digital Education Revolution and the Teaching Teachers for the Future programme are illustrated. In the Singapore context, the implications of the ways in which teachers exercise their agency over technological imperatives are examined. Design/methodology/approach The first section of the paper draws on interview and observational data generated during a microethnographic investigation into secondary school students’ use of iPads as a learning tool in an independent school in South-East Queensland. Data “snapshots” illustrate the lingering challenges of reform designed to achieve technology-rich learning environments. The second section of the paper draws on a retrospective study of current ICT initiatives in Singapore through case studies of two schools that are heavily involved in ongoing ICT integration programmes. Findings While reforms are usually borne out of careful studies among policy makers and politicians to develop solutions to problems, the final version often reflects compromise between various stakeholders championing their respective agendas. As such, problematisation is imperative to develop critical and nuanced understandings. In both Australia and Singapore, it is suggested that failing to account for such ontological matters as teacher and learner identity and agency prevents meaningful change. Originality/value Global reform to achieve technology-rich teaching and learning environments reflects the ubiquity of such initiatives across geographical and cultural boundaries. Such reforms have been driven and supported by a substantial body of research, much of which has uncritically accepted the view that technology-rich reform is inherently “good” or necessary. Learning technology research has thus tended to focus on epistemological matters such as learning design at the expense of ontology. This paper engages with emerging research into technology as an identity issue for learners and teachers to explore the implications of technology-driven education reform on educational institutions, policies and practices.
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Chioma Anthonia Okolo, Oloruntoba Babawarun y Tolulope Oyinlola Olorunsogo. "MOBILE HEALTH (MHEALTH) INNOVATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH FEEDBACK: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE". International Medical Science Research Journal 4, n.º 3 (17 de marzo de 2024): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/imsrj.v4i3.915.
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In recent years, Mobile Health (mHealth) innovations have emerged as a transformative force in the realm of public health, revolutionizing the way healthcare is delivered and monitored worldwide. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in mHealth technologies, focusing particularly on their role in soliciting and utilizing public health feedback on a global scale. The proliferation of smartphones and mobile applications has paved the way for novel approaches to healthcare delivery, monitoring, and data collection. Through leveraging the ubiquity and connectivity of mobile devices, mHealth initiatives have facilitated enhanced communication between healthcare providers and patients, enabling real-time monitoring of health metrics, adherence to treatment regimens, and timely interventions. One of the key aspects of mHealth innovations is their capacity to engage diverse populations and solicit feedback regarding various aspects of public health, ranging from disease outbreaks to healthcare service quality. Through interactive platforms and user-friendly interfaces, individuals can provide valuable insights, report symptoms, and participate in surveys, thereby contributing to the generation of actionable data for public health interventions. Furthermore, mHealth solutions have demonstrated significant promise in overcoming barriers to healthcare access, particularly in underserved and remote communities. By delivering health information, diagnostic tools, and remote consultations via mobile platforms, these innovations have expanded the reach of essential healthcare services, thereby bridging gaps in healthcare delivery and improving health outcomes on a global scale. However, challenges such as privacy concerns, technological literacy, and disparities in digital access persist, underscoring the importance of equitable deployment and user-centered design in mHealth initiatives. Moreover, the integration of mHealth solutions into existing healthcare infrastructure requires careful coordination among stakeholders, including policymakers, healthcare providers, and technology developers. Mobile Health (mHealth) innovations hold immense potential to revolutionize public health feedback mechanisms on a global scale. By harnessing the power of mobile technologies, these initiatives can empower individuals, enhance healthcare delivery, and inform evidence-based public health policies for a healthier future.
Keywords: Mobile Health, mHealth, Public Health, Healthcare, Innovation, Review.
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Alcolea-Díaz, Gema, Ramón Reig y Rosalba Mancinas-Chávez. "UNESCO’s Media and Information Literacy curriculum for teachers from the perspective of Structural Considerations of Information". Comunicar 28, n.º 62 (1 de enero de 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c62-2020-09.
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The discipline Structural Considerations of Information explores the interests underlying communicational dynamics and information strategies, as well as the ways in which they correlate with messages. Considering this knowledge to be key in Communication Education, and having confirmed its close relationship with the dimensions of media competence, its presence is analyzed in the Media and Information Literacy (MIL) curriculum for teachers, whose training is crucial for the success of the process, developed by UNESCO, an organization that is a global referent in the field. A semantic content analysis reveals, from a quantitative perspective, a strong presence of thematic areas covered by the Structural Considerations of Information subject within the competencies and contents of the curriculum. However, at a qualitative level, there are fundamental weaknesses in its relationship with the structural approach to information. This occurs when the critical spirit of the text declines, starting with a definition of the media as sources of reliable information. The ubiquity of disinformation, and the key role played by stakeholders’ knowledge, as well as the development of critical thinking to address it requires an update of this curriculum–the present review contributes to this development– highlighting the current necessity to address it from a structural vantage that fosters critical citizenship and a democratic process. La disciplina Estructura de la Información estudia los intereses que subyacen a la dinámica comunicacional y a las estrategias de información, y su correlación con los mensajes. Considerando clave este conocimiento para la Educación en Comunicación, y una vez confirmada su estrecha relación con las dimensiones de la competencia mediática, se analiza su presencia en el currículo de Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI) del profesorado, cuya formación es crucial para el éxito del proceso elaborado por la UNESCO, órgano de referencia mundial en el área. El análisis de contenido semántico desvela, desde un punto de vista cuantitativo, la fuerte presencia de las áreas temáticas de la Estructura de la Información en las competencias y contenidos del currículo. No obstante, aplicado cualitativamente, se detectan debilidades de fondo en la relación con el enfoque estructural de la información. Ocurre cuando decae el declarado espíritu crítico del texto, empezando por definir a los medios como fuentes de información fiable. La ubicuidad de la desinformación y el papel crucial del conocimiento de los agentes envueltos en la misma y del desarrollo del pensamiento crítico para afrontarla, obliga a la actualización de este currículo –a cuyo desarrollo se contribuye con esta revisión–, haciendo, además, más necesario que nunca el afrontarla desde un enfoque estructural que favorezca una ciudadanía crítica y el proceso democrático.
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Ostermann, Jan, Bernard Njau, Marco van Zwetselaar, Thespina Yamanis, Leah McClimans, Rose Mwangi, Melkiory Beti et al. "Mobile Phone–Based Confidential Social Network Referrals for HIV Testing (CONSORT): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial". JMIR Research Protocols 13 (30 de mayo de 2024): e55068. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/55068.
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Background Critical to efforts to end the HIV epidemic is the identification of persons living with HIV who have yet to be diagnosed and engaged in care. Expanded HIV testing outreach efforts need to be both efficient and ambitious, targeting the social networks of persons living with HIV and those at above-average risk of undiagnosed HIV infection. The ubiquity of mobile phones across many high HIV prevalence settings has created opportunities to leverage mobile health (mHealth) technologies to engage social networks for HIV testing outreach, prevention, and treatment. Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of a novel mHealth intervention, “Confidential Social Network Referrals for HIV Testing (CONSORT),” to nudge at-risk individuals to test for HIV using SMS text messages. Methods We will conduct the CONSORT study in Moshi, Tanzania, the commercial center and administrative capital of the Kilimanjaro Region in northern Tanzania. After qualitative formative work and pilot testing, we will enroll 400 clients presenting for HIV counseling and testing and 200 persons living with HIV and receiving care at HIV care and treatment centers as “inviters” into a randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants will be aged 18 years or older and live, work, or regularly receive care in Moshi. We will randomize inviters into 1 of 2 study arms. All inviters will be asked to complete a survey of their HIV testing and risk behaviors and to think of social network contacts who would benefit from HIV testing. They will then be asked to whom they would prefer to extend an HIV testing invitation in the form of a physical invitation card. Arm 1 participants will also be given the opportunity to extend CONSORT invitations in the form of automated confidential SMS text messages to any of their social network contacts or “invitees.” Arm 2 participants will be offered physical invitation cards alone. The primary outcome will be counselor-documented uptake of HIV testing by invitees within 30 days of inviter enrollment. Secondary outcomes will include the acceptability of CONSORT among inviters, the number of new HIV diagnoses, and the HIV risk of invitees who present for testing. Results Enrollment in the randomized controlled trial is expected to start in September 2024. The findings will be disseminated to stakeholders and published in peer-reviewed journals. Conclusions If CONSORT is acceptable and effective for increasing the uptake of HIV testing, given the minimal costs of SMS text reminders and the potential for exponential but targeted growth using chain referrals, it may shift current practices for HIV testing programs in the area. Trial Registration ClincalTrials.gov NCT05967208; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05967208 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/55068
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Ransom, James, Katherine Schaff y Lilly Kan. "Is There An Association between Local Health Department Organizational and Administrative Factors and Childhood Immunization Coverage Rates?" Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 34, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2012): 418–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107937391203400402.
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Background Vaccines are valuable, cost-effective tools for preventing disease and improving community health. Despite the importance and ubiquity of vaccinations, childhood immunization coverage rates vary widely by geography, race, and ethnicity. These differences have been documented for nearly two decades, but their sources are poorly understood. Between 2005 and 2008, immunization staff of the National Association of County & City Health Officials (NACCHO) visited 17 local health department (LHD) immunization programs in 10 states to assess their immunization service delivery (ISD) practices and their impact on community childhood immunization coverage rates. Purpose To qualitatively characterize LHD immunization programs and specific organizational factors underlying ISD performance challenges and successes related to community childhood immunization coverage rates. Methods Case studies were conducted in a convenience sample of 17 geographically and demographically diverse LHDs, predicated on each LHD's childhood immunization coverage rates per data from the National Immunization Survey and/or Kindergarten Retrospective Survey. NACCHO staff selected LHDs with high (≥80% up to date [UTD]), moderate (≥75% UTD but <80% UTD), and low (<75% UTD) coverage rates. All immunization staff members interviewed (n=112) were included in focus group interviews at each LHD per a standard semi-structured interview script developed by NACCHO staff. Supporting documents from each LHD immunization program were also collected for inclusion in the analysis. Content and thematic analyses of interview transcripts and supporting documents were conducted. Results Two thematic dimensions and six key factors emerged from the data. the dimensions of the themes were success and challenge elements. the organizational factors that were associated with success and/or challenges with regard to improving childhood immunization coverage rates included 1) leadership: organizational leadership and management related to aligning ISD with other child-focused services within the LHD; 2) resources: organizational efforts focused on aligning federal and state ISD financing with local ISD needs; 3) politics: political advocacy and partnering with local community stakeholders, including local political entities and boards of health to better organize ISD; 4) community engagement/coalitions and partnerships: partnerships, coalitions, and community engagement to support local immunization-related decision-making and prioritization; 5) credibility: agency credibility and its ability to influence community attitudes and perspectives on the health department's value in terms of child health; and 6) cultural competency of LHD staff: LHD staff members’ perceptions and understandings of its community's cultural, economic, and demographic attributes shaped their responses to and understandings of the community and how they interacted with it in terms of service delivery. Discussion Public health researchers are in a nascent stage of understanding how health department organizational factors may contribute to specific community health outcomes, such as childhood immunization coverage rates. An implicit challenge to LHD immunization programs is to implement strategies that lead to equitable and high vaccination coverage among children, despite shrinking resources and community demographic differences. Community-specific attributes (e.g., poverty, lack of health insurance, or geographic isolation) affect childhood immunization coverage rates, but internal LHD aspects such as leadership and organizational culture also likely have a significant impact.
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Shymanska, Oksana. "Natural experiments: finding answers to important questions (Nobel Prize 2021)". Herald of Economics, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2022.01.157.
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Introduction. The importance of using natural experiments in economic research has been repeatedly proven by scientists. However, only in recent years have natural experiments become an integral part of the analytical toolkit of economists through the efforts of A. Meyer, T. Peters, A. Krueger and other scientists. Natural experiments can pose a serious challenge to the established findings of economic theory, as evidenced by the research of David Card, Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens – winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics 2021.Prupose. Justify the contribution of the Nobel Laureates in Economics 2021 in the development of economics by clarifying the specifics and role of their natural experiments in order to explain the causal relationships in economic phenomena and processes.Methods. During the preparation of the paper general scientific research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, graphic method, which contributed to the substantiation of specific analytical toolkit of scientific research used by D. Card, J. Angrist and G. Imbens to identify causal relationships in economic phenomena and processes related to the functioning of labor markets, studying the impact of immigration, education, future income, etc.Results. The research awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics 2021 «for empirical contribution to the labor economy» (D. Card) and «methodological contribution to the analysis of causation» (J. Angrist, G. Imbens), first of all prove the fact the ubiquity of natural experiments, the only problem is to be able to find appropriate conditions for their realization. In particular, the researchers announce that changes in policy that take place in one region but not in another, tax breaks, differences in enrollment of children in schools, duration of study, etc. – these are random events that are unaffected (any artificial intervention) divide people into groups: those to whom changes are applied and those who do not experience them (so-called control groups). In particular, J. Angrist and G. Imbens during a natural experiment found that those who study longer earn more in the future: an additional year of study for a person is affected by an average increase in his earnings by 9%. D. Card, conducting another natural experiment, not only did not confirm, but to some extent refuted the established conclusion of economic theory that there is an inverse causal relationships between the growth of the minimum wage and employment in the labor market. The increase in the minimum wage, according to the results of the experiment, had a positive effect on employment in the segment of low-skilled labor. Examining the problems of immigration, the scientist proved that the economic consequences of entering the country of new migrants are minimal. Nobel Laureates 2021 have «revolutionized» empirical research in the social sciences, significantly increasing the ability to find answers to current economic questions, to identify more reliable causal relationships with fundamentally different research toolkit, such as natural experiments.Discussion. Although causal relationships in natural experiments are difficult to determine, this does not detract from the importance of the results. If the quality of the evidence obtained confirms the certainty effect or indicated intervention in a natural experiment, scientists and those who are making responsible decisions should analyze best use evidence to implement promising practices in economic and social spheres of human life. In order to increase the role of natural experiments in the future, it is important to identify those areas of their application in which the evaluation of the results of natural experiments is of the greatest value. Constructing the «design» of a new natural experiment before its implementation, requires the cooperation of those who will later make appropriate decisions with researchers to develop appropriate methodologies, identify existing data, develop a mechanism for collecting new data to ensure the reliability of future natural experiments and adequacy identified causal relationships in the studied phenomena. The demand for evidence of the real qualitative impact of various programs and policies is growing and will continue to grow, which will require stakeholders and researchers for better understanding the benefits and possibilities of applying the results of natural experiments.
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Davcik, Nebojsa S., Piyush Sharma y Stefan Markovic. "Ethical Ramifications of the Dark Side of Business Practices in the International Business Area". Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, octubre de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/beer.12747.
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ABSTRACTThe dark side of international business practices has attracted significant research attention recently. However, researchers are struggling to delve into the ethical ramifications of these practices because of a limited understanding of ethical and digital transformation issues in international business, which may be caused, inter alia, by sociocultural and market disparities, lack of regulatory frameworks, information asymmetries, data ubiquity, and power imbalance among key stakeholders. This paper addresses this important gap through four key themes—ethical considerations, data processing issues, legal considerations, and managerial contingencies. We discuss how to step forward in research on ethics in international business, assessing potential risks associated with privacy concerns, big data, cybersecurity, content analysis, stakeholder relationships, and discriminatory outcomes. Finally, we propose a research agenda and recommendations to address the ethical challenges and dilemmas international businesses face due to disruptive technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence) and cross‐market challenges (e.g., legal jurisdictions).
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Atheequlla, G. A., C. Vasanthi, C. Mahadevaiah, M. V. Dhananjaya y H. R. Ramya. "Leveraging quick response (QR) Codes for horticultural information access: A stakeholder perspective". Journal of Horticultural Sciences 19, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v19i1.2914.
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In the context of horticulture’s crucial role in economic growth, nutritional security and employment, the sector faces challenges related to dissemination of credible scientific information, particularly in rural areas. The gap in information access leads farmers to rely on experiential knowledge and peer opinions. Leveraging information and communication technology (ICT), specifically quick response (QR) codes, presents an innovative solution to bridge this information gap. This paper investigates stakeholders’ awareness, utilization, size and display distance and constraints in utilizing QR codes for accessing horticultural information. The findings indicated that 93.33% of the respondents reported previous usage, highlighting the technology’s ubiquity and acceptance. Moreover, stakeholders expressed positive inclination towards QR code adoption for accessing horticultural information, with 53.33% expressing likelihood to embrace QR technology. Effect of QR code size on the display board and their display distance on the usability and adoption was also studied, which indicated, 71.22% accessed QR codes on large displays of size 8" x 11", while, 16.66% accessed them on small displays of size 4" x 5". However, despite the positive reception, several challenges impede QR code utilization. Poor internet network connectivity (mean score: 71.00) during National Horticultural Fair (NHF-2024) emerges as a significant barrier, alongside entrenched preferences for traditional methods (mean score: 69.00). By aligning QR code designs with stakeholders’ preferences and addressing constraints, horticultural stakeholders can leverage QR codes more effectively, fostering knowledge dissemination and driving horticultural development.
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Gunin, Andrey. "ETHICS AND MORALITY IN MODERN BUSINESS: PURPOSE OF THE BUSINESS AND ITS RESPONSIBILITY". MOSCOW ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 1 de marzo de 2024, 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55186/2413046x_2023_9_3_133.
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In the second article of his series, the author examines the profound changes that have occurred over the past few decades in what business is and the evolution of views on what the purpose of companies is. If in the past it was generally accepted that a company should pursue the interests of its shareholders, now the dominant concept has become the concept of stakeholders, which include, in addition to shareholders, everyone who comes into contact with the results of the organization's activities. The author cites as an example one of the first attempts to implement such an approach, which was undertaken more than 100 years ago by Henry Ford, and outlines the consequences of the subsequent court decision for law enforcement practice in the United States. The author raises a number of pressing questions that, in his opinion, remain contradictory and unresolved in the application of the stakeholder concept in practice, despite its practically uncontested general acceptance. The article also discusses the practical implementation of the stakeholder concept in the form of formulating sustainable development policies at national and intergovernmental levels, including the so-called ESG principles, analyzing each component of these principles (ecology, social responsibility and corporate governance), and also provides positive and negative examples of such implementation by specific companies. The author concludes that despite the ubiquity of statements and declarations about business responsibility, they very often do not correspond to reality. Despite this, the author believes that the implementation of ESG principles remains an important priority for companies, including because compliance with ESG in modern conditions becomes necessary when receiving corporate financing.
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Ng, Yin Ping, Kai Shuen Pheh, Ravivarma Rao Panirselvam, Wen Li Chan, Joanne Bee Yin Lim, Jane Tze Yn Lim, Kok Keong Leong, Sara Bartlett, Kok Wai Tay y Lai Fong Chan. "Malaysian Stakeholder Perspectives on Suicide-Related Reporting: Findings From Focus Group Discussions". Frontiers in Psychology 12 (17 de mayo de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.673287.
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Media guidelines on safe suicide-related reporting are within the suicide prevention armamentarium. However, implementation issues beleaguer real-world practice. This study evaluated the perspectives of the Malaysian media community, persons with lived experience of suicidal behavior (PLE), and mental health professionals (MHP) on suicide-related reporting in terms of the impact, strategies, challenges, and the implementation of guidelines on safe reporting. Three focus group discussions of purposively sampled Malaysian media practitioners (n = 8), PLE (n = 6), and MHP (n = 7) were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded and thematically analyzed. Inclusion criteria were: English fluency, no clinical depression or suicidal ideation (current), no recent previous suicide attempts or suicide bereavement. Three major themes emerged: (1) Unsafe Reporting; (2) Impact; and (3) Safe Reporting. Most described current reporting as unsafe by being potentially triggering to media users and may contribute to contagion effect. Positive impacts identified included raised awareness toward suicide and its prevention. Unsafe reporting was attributed to inadequate awareness, knowledge, and guidance, lack of empathy and accountability, job-related factors, popularity-seeking, lack of monitoring and governance, and information source(s) with unsafe content. Majority agreed on how suicide stories should be framed to produce a safe report. The media community diverged on how detailed a suicide story should be. Safe reporting challenges included difficulties in balancing beneficial versus harmful details, social media ubiquity and its citizen reporters. Participants suggested these safe reporting strategies: stakeholder engagement, educational approaches, improving governance and surveillance, and guidelines revision. Most acknowledged the relevance of guidelines but were unaware of the existence of local guidelines. Implementation challenges included the dilemma in balancing media industry needs vis-à-vis safe reporting requirements, stakeholder engagement difficulties and social media regulation. There is poor awareness regarding safe suicide-related reporting across all groups. PLE and MHP were negatively impacted by current unsafe messaging which aggravated trauma and grief reactions. Postvention support gaps for mental health professionals were highlighted. Safe reporting promotion strategies should include stakeholder engagement to increase awareness on minimizing Werther and maximizing Papageno effects. Strategic re-examination and dissemination of local media guidelines to address new media issues, and effective surveillance mechanisms, are crucial in sustainable improvement of safe reporting practices.
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Sharp, Charlotte A., Ruth J. Boaden, William G. Dixon y Caroline Sanders. "Does the process of developing products for knowledge mobilisation from healthcare research influence their uptake? A comparative case study". Implementation Science Communications 3, n.º 1 (14 de diciembre de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43058-022-00360-9.
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Abstract Background Getting knowledge from healthcare research into practice (knowledge mobilisation) remains a global challenge. One way in which researchers may attempt to do this is to develop products (such as toolkits, actionable tools, dashboards, guidance, audit tools, protocols and clinical decision aids) in addition to journal papers. Despite their increasing ubiquity, the development of such products remains under-explored in the academic literature. This study aimed to further this understanding by exploring the development of products from healthcare research and how the process of their development might influence their potential application. Methods This study compared the data generated from a prospective, longitudinal, comparative case study of four research projects which aimed to develop products from healthcare research. Qualitative methods included thematic analysis of data generated from semi-structured interviews (38), meeting observations (83 h) and project documents (300+). Cases were studied for an average of 11.5 months (range 8–19 months). Results Case comparison resulted in the identification of three main themes with the potential to affect the use of products in practice. First, aspects of the product, including the perceived need for the specific product being identified, the clarity of product aim and clarity and range of end-users. Second, aspects of development, whereby different types of stakeholder engagement appear to influence potential product application, which either needs to be ‘meaningful’, or delivered through the implicit understanding of users’ needs by the developing team. The third, overarching theme, relates to the academic context in which products are developed, highlighting how the academic context perpetuates the development of products, which may not always be useful in practice. Conclusions This study showed that aspects of products from healthcare research (need/aim/end-user) and aspects of their development (stakeholder engagement/implicit understanding of end-users) influence their potential application. It explored the motivation for product development and identifies the influence of the current academic context on product development. It shows that there is a tension between ideal ‘systems approaches’ to knowledge mobilisation and ‘linear approaches’, which appear to be more pervasive in practice currently. The development of fewer, high-quality products which fulfil the needs of specified end-users might act to counter the current cynicism felt by many stakeholders in regard to products from healthcare research.
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GRAVES, Alex M., Jamie Jones y Alyssa Bragg. "Abstract P848: A Better Way to NIHSS". Stroke 52, Suppl_1 (marzo de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.52.suppl_1.p848.
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Introduction: “A Better Way to NIHSS” evaluated feasibility and effectiveness of in-person National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) training compared to traditional training across a 17-hospital system. Stroke practitioners are encouraged and sometime required to be NIHSS certified. Despite the ubiquity of the scale, it presents challenges for care providers. Items with poor reliability, improper technique, and scoring errors may lead to a lack of recognition of neurologic decline. Standard computer-based training may not effectively prepare RNs. An updated in-person course was needed to improve practitioner satisfaction and scoring accuracy. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that we could improve practitioner satisfaction, scoring accuracy and system efficacy by developing and implementing an in-person NIHSS course. Methods: Pitfalls of traditional computer training were identified by a stroke APN. In collaboration with national and regional subject matter experts, evidence-based curriculum was developed. Emphasis was placed upon live demonstration of exam technique, and student return-demonstration for psychomotor competency. Tools were provided to meet visual and read/write learning styles. Over 1-year, a hospital system collaborated to standardize the curriculum, HR certification and tracking process, and instructor training. Instructors received 1-on-1 training and mentorship to effectively deliver content. Instructors in training often co-taught classes until they were comfortable, had speaker notes to assist them, and training sessions geared to their needs. Standardized evaluation tools, stakeholder input, data, and random chart audits were utilized to evaluate effectiveness. Results: Over 18 months, 14 instructors were trained and 896 RNs certified. Evaluations showed improved learner knowledge, skills, and confidence. Educator training led to improved instructor evaluations. Documentation showed improved accuracy of scoring during random chart audits. Items with greatest improvement were limb ataxia, facial droop, visual fields, and aphasia. Conclusion: Systems should consider implementing and offering in-person NIHSS course to reduce the incidence of improper exam technique and scoring errors.
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Omondi, Grace. "Visual framing during crisis: a 10-year systematic review". Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 20 de septiembre de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-04-2024-0065.
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PurposeThis paper presents a 10-year systematic review of research on the visual framing of crises to identify the priorities, theories applied and trends in the scholarship of visual framing during crises. The gaps are analyzed to provide evidence-based recommendations for advancing future research.Design/methodology/approachA total of 269 articles published in 156 peer-reviewed communication journals between January 2014 to December 2023 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using open and axial qualitative coding. A codebook was developed for the quantitative coding and data were analyzed in SPSS descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to answer the research questions.FindingsThe proportion of visual framing of crises has remained the same in the last 10 years – there is significantly more research on the visual framing of non-crises. Overall, research on the visual framing of crises is largely exploratory/descriptive and could benefit from a research agenda that is more theory driven. Additionally, there is a skewed focus for research on North America compared to other regions, and for political communication and climate compared to other themes. Environmental sciences and engineering are the most widely investigated journal fields, while disaster is the most common typology studied when looking at the visual framing of crises.Research limitations/implicationsThe systematic literature review has some limitations – most particularly that the sample was drawn from a single publisher, which may not be exhaustive enough to represent the full population of articles in the field of visual communication. However, it is a systematic review of the publications that are officially aligned with three of the major communication organizations – the International Communication Association, National Communication Association and World Communication Association. However, future research considering the inclusion of an additional publishers, like Emerald, would further enrich scholarship in visual framing during crises. Second, manual coding of the articles could present potential differences in analysis and interpretation by other researchers. Despite the limitations, the study also provides some important insights into the present and future of the visual framing of crises.Practical implicationsAddressing gaps in the internationalization of visual crisis communication would expand studies for visual framing among underrepresented communities such as populations with low reading literacy, gender minorities and displaced communities and inform visual framing strategies for government and relevant institutions as primary information disseminators during crises.Social implicationsAddressing the gaps identified in this systematic literature review on the visual framing of crises is important for extending theory in this relatively nascent field and guiding crisis visual framing strategies to mitigate uncertainty and panic, threats to stakeholder relationships, social vulnerabilities and the visual framing of stakeholder-centric crisis responses.Originality/valueBased on available literature, this is the first systematic literature review investigating the use of all types of visuals used during all crisis typologies, reflecting the ubiquity of crises and the increased focus on the use of visuals in crisis communication in the last decade.
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Wang, Zining y Jing Xu. "An Empirical Research on How to Tackle Infodemic in China: Stakeholders and Algorithms". Frontiers in Political Science 4 (28 de abril de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2022.858093.
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The COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by an infodemic, which has now become a global concern. Despite the relatively timely and extensive guidelines regarding COVID-19 prevention and treatment, effective and standardized solutions for managing this infodemic are still lacking. In light of the ubiquity of social media in China, various algorithms have been applied to new media platforms to help combat COVID-19, particularly, misinformation and disinformation. Inspired by the model of ‘blocking the spread of the virus, treating the infected population, and improving immunity’ for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study examines three dominant forms of algorithms—collaborative filtering recommendation, content-based recommendation, and knowledge-based recommendation—and proposes a theoretical model called Block, Push, and Intervene (BPI). This model calls for the timely blocking of misinformation and disinformation, precisely delivering authentic information to people affected by the infodemic and intervening in some potential issues in advance. Based on the BPI framework, we conducted semi-structured interviews with relevant staffs in charge of Bytedance, Tencent, Sina Weibo, Baidu, and The National Internet Information Office's Center for Reporting Illegal and Adverse Information, to summarize the patterns of algorithms used against the infodemic. Additionally, an online panel survey is used to analyze public perceptions of the severity of the infodemic on each platform. By evaluating the cross-validated results of the survey sample and semi-structured interviews on the role of algorithms against infodemic, this study contributes both to the understanding of the working details and practices surrounding information epidemics in the context of China, as well as to the systematic research on the unique use of information technology in the midst of public health crises.
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Senter, Mary Scheuer, Teresa Ciabattari y Nicole V. Amaya. "Sociology Departments and Program Review: Chair Perspectives on Process and Outcomes". Teaching Sociology, 8 de diciembre de 2020, 0092055X2097026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092055x20970268.
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Sociology faculty are accountable to multiple stakeholders to demonstrate that our academic programs are effective and that students are learning. Despite the ubiquity of mandated program review practices, which often include the assessment of student learning, research is lacking on the extent to which these efforts lead to improvements in departmental outcomes and student experiences. Similarly, little research exists on how department leaders experience and evaluate the utility of these efforts. This article uses data from a national survey of sociology departments to document how program review and assessment are enacted in sociology departments and to explore chairs’ perspectives on program review processes and its outcomes. The article concludes with a series of recommendations for improving these processes so that faculty time is used well and the experiences of sociology students are enhanced.
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Walker, Philip. "The library’s role in countering infodemics". Journal of the Medical Library Association 109, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2021.1044.
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Internet and communication technologies enable the creation of tremendous amounts of textual, graphic, and pictorial information. User-generated content published through personal web pages, blogs, and social media platforms has not only increased the amount of information available, but also expanded its reach. However, this ubiquity of information and empowerment of its creators leads to potentially controversial, futile, and inaccurate content circulating throughout the world. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, this can create false hope, fear, anxiety, harm, and confusion amongst information stakeholders. The World Health Organization recently applied the term “infodemic” to the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary briefly discusses the current infodemic, its potential consequences, and the role of libraries—specifically health sciences, biomedical, and medical libraries—to help counter the COVID-19 infodemic. The discussion also has relevance for infodemics relating to other health and non-health affairs.
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Perez-del-Pulgar, Carmen, Isabelle Anguelovski y James JT Connolly. "Child-friendly urban practices as emergent place-based neoliberal subjectivation?" Urban Studies, 9 de abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00420980241235781.
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As city-level decisionmakers generate urban policies and spatial interventions aimed at enhancing children’s environments and increasing their health, wellbeing and participation in urban life, they also impact the types of citizens that cities produce. Yet, despite the increasing ubiquity of city plans targeting the creation of child-friendly environments, child-centred transformations within the urban built fabric have not been a major analytical theme compared to other economic, spatial and welfare aspects of city restructuring in the context of neoliberal urbanisation. In light of this need for greater empirical and theoretical exploration of child-centred urbanism, we compare and contrast how plans reorganise children’s urban social space across different neoliberalising contexts. Drawing on empirical research conducted in Amsterdam, Vienna and Bristol in 2019, including 46 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in child-friendly planning, we contribute to the understanding of how place-based subjectivation processes operate within these plans. We argue that child-friendly urban plans are instrumental in the process of creating subjects that have internalised the norms of neoliberal urbanisation.
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Duran, Paula G., Pere Gilabert, Santi Seguí y Jordi Vitrià. "Overcoming Diverse Undesired Effects in Recommender Systems: A Deontological Approach". ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, febrero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3643857.
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In today’s digital landscape, recommender systems have gained ubiquity as a means of directing users towards personalized products, services, and content. However, despite their widespread adoption and a long track of research, these systems are not immune to shortcomings. A significant challenge faced by recommender systems is the presence of biases, which produces various undesirable effects, prominently the popularity bias. This bias hampers the diversity of recommended items, thus restricting users’ exposure to less popular or niche content. Furthermore, this issue is compounded when multiple stakeholders are considered, requiring the balance of multiple, potentially conflicting objectives. In this paper, we present a new approach to address a wide range of undesired consequences in recommender systems that involve various stakeholders. Instead of adopting a consequentialist perspective that aims to mitigate the repercussions of a recommendation policy, we propose a deontological approach centered around a minimal set of ethical principles. More precisely, we introduce two distinct principles aimed at avoiding overconfidence in predictions and accurately modeling the genuine interests of users. The proposed approach circumvents the need for defining a multi-objective system, which has been identified as one of the main limitations when developing complex recommenders. Through extensive experimentation, we show the efficacy of our approach in mitigating the adverse impact of the recommender from both user and item perspectives, ultimately enhancing various beyond accuracy metrics. This study underscores the significance of responsible and equitable recommendations and proposes a strategy that can be easily deployed in real-world scenarios.
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Sarwatay, Devina, Usha Raman y Srividya Ramasubramanian. "Media Literacy, Social Connectedness, and Digital Citizenship in India: Mapping Stakeholders on How Parents and Young People Navigate a Social World". Frontiers in Human Dynamics 3 (30 de marzo de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.601239.
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The ubiquity of digital and social media has led to considerable academic debate regarding their role in the lives of children and adolescents. The Global North, especially United States and Europe, has largely led this discussion in matters of research methods and approaches, as well as on conversations around screen time, wellbeing, media literacy, and digital citizenship. However, it is not clear to what extent and how these Anglo-Eurocentric approaches to digital literacy and social connectedness translate to the various local realities of the Global South, where increasing numbers of young people have either direct or indirect access to social media and the internet, but occupy very different social contexts. In India, for instance, low cost mobile phones, cheap data plans, and vernacularization of content have furthered access cutting across socioeconomic strata. What specific research priorities might emerge in this context? Which methods can be employed to study these issues? How can we contextualize existing knowledge to help support young people and their parents maximize the benefits of this digital/social world even as we take into account the nuances of the local? In this paper, we mapped local stakeholders and shared insights from in-depth personal interviews with community leaders from civil society, research and advocacy as well as professionals working with young people and parents in India as their work addresses some of these important questions. A thematic analysis of interview data helped the researchers scope out issues like lack of child-centered-design, dearth of knowledge about the opportunities and risks of social media among parents, and confusion on how to navigate this digital/social world. Suggestions about children’s wellbeing, including what parents could do about this, the possibility of and the problems with regulation, and the need to focus on how parents can foster trust and a meaningful connection with young people that would frame their engagement with technology are made. Future research should consider these relationships within the new context of the COVID-19 pandemic and related issues such as degrees of digital connectivity and access, social isolation, virtual schooling, and parents working from home.
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Sandhu, Manbir y Purnima, Anuradha Saini. "A Review on Big Data Analytics in Business". International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 10 de diciembre de 2018, 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset21841130.
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Big data is a fast-growing technology that has the scope to mine huge amount of data to be used in various analytic applications. With large amount of data streaming in from a myriad of sources: social media, online transactions and ubiquity of smart devices, Big Data is practically garnering attention across all stakeholders from academics, banking, government, heath care, manufacturing and retail. Big Data refers to an enormous amount of data generated from disparate sources along with data analytic techniques to examine this voluminous data for predictive trends and patterns, to exploit new growth opportunities, to gain insight, to make informed decisions and optimize processes. Data-driven decision making is the essence of business establishments. The explosive growth of data is steering the business units to tap the potential of Big Data to achieve fueling growth and to achieve a cutting edge over their competitors. The overwhelming generation of data brings with it, its share of concerns. This paper discusses the concept of Big Data, its characteristics, the tools and techniques deployed by organizations to harness the power of Big Data and the daunting issues that hinder the adoption of Business Intelligence in Big Data strategies in organizations.
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Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel, Ahmed Farouk Kineber, Ibraheem Al-Bukhari, Ibukun Famakin y Chukwuma Kingsley. "Exploring the benefits of cloud computing for sustainable construction in Nigeria". Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (11 de agosto de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-04-2021-0189.
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Purpose Cloud computing is one of the digitalization principles used in some sectors like banking, health and construction industry. This paper aims to examine the benefits of applying cloud computing for construction sustainability in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach The cloud computing benefits-related data were retrieved from previous studies and complemented with a questionnaire survey to obtain data from stakeholders involved in the execution of construction projects in Lagos State, Nigeria, through a convenient sampling technique. In addition, the relative importance index (RII) technique was used to investigate the acquired data. At the same time, analysis was accomplished using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings indicated that numerous benefits could be derived by adopting cloud computing in the Nigerian construction industry. Findings The findings from RII analysis showed the significant benefits of data storage ubiquity (i.e. location independence), high situational awareness, team collaboration, compatibility with advanced production facilities and improved project planning. Furthermore, the analysis of these benefits was conducted using EFA for the four construction maxims: construction productivity, back-office activities, design management and billing. Originality/value This research illustrated the benefits of cloud computing in achieving a successful construction project. Besides, these findings are not only useful for achieving sustainable construction in Nigeria but also applicable to many developing countries.
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Sun, Haoye y Thorsten Teichert. "Scarcity in today´s consumer markets: scoping the research landscape by author keywords". Management Review Quarterly, 29 de septiembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00295-4.
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AbstractScarcity refers to not having enough of what one needs. This phenomenon has shaped individuals´ life since ancient times, nowadays ranging from daily-life scarcity cues in shopping scenarios to the planet’s resources scarcity to meet the world´s consumer demand. Because of this ubiquity of scarcity, the topic has been attracting attention from scholars and practitioners in different areas. Studies regarding scarcity were conducted across disciplines, based on different assumptions, and focused on distinct study subjects. A lack of mainstream about this topic hindered the convergence of core ideas among different schools of thought. In this article, we take an integrative socio-economic perspective to join diverse findings on scarcity affecting consumer markets, identify topic-specific research questions still to be answered, and provide suggestions for future and integrative research opportunities. A systematic review based on author keywords from 855 publications analyzing scarcity affecting business-consumer interactions serves as a database. Exploratory factor analyses based on author keywords identify shared patterns within and linkages across discourses stemming from various disciplines and theories. Results differentiate distinct research foci in the consumer behavior, socio-political, and other disciplinary research realms. A mapping of these research themes identifies the scarcity-related interplay among consumers, producers, and other stakeholders. Findings point out research directions for future studies at both the research realm level and the interdisciplinary level.
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Tamatea, Laurence. "Compulsory coding in education: liberal-humanism, Baudrillard and the ‘problem’ of abstraction". Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning 14, n.º 1 (26 de octubre de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41039-019-0106-3.
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Abstract Internationally, coding is increasingly introduced into primary and junior high schools (children generally aged between 5 and 15) on a compulsory basis, though not all stakeholders support this ‘initiative’. In response to the public reception, discussion highlights popular argument around compulsory coding in school education. This is an argument between those supportive (hereafter referred to as the Yes case) and those unsupportive of compulsory coding (hereafter referred to as the No case). But more than simply produce a list of arguments, this discussion contributes to our understanding of this reception by identifying the ‘discourses’ deployed by both cases (namely, digital ubiquity, disadvantage, and habits of mind discourses) and by providing theoretical framings through which these discourses and their potential implications might be differently understood. Using critical discourse analysis to unpack these discourses shows that while both cases hold to key tenets of liberal-humanism, a commitment to the individual subject, liberty and full participation in the social, it is the Yes case with its stronger commitment to children engaging in abstraction that seems to challenge these. Discussion of this difference is framed by the work of Baudrillard around abstraction, not to ‘prove’ the validity of Baudrillard’s thesis concerning the consequences of humanity’s deepening engagement with abstraction, but to provide a broader understanding of this debate, in relation to a trajectory of engagement with abstraction that seems set to intensify.
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Mitchell, Kate, Colin Simpson y Chie Adachi. "What’s in a name". ASCILITE Publications, 12 de mayo de 2024, 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/apubs.2017.759.
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With the growing ubiquity of educational technology, there has been an increased need for specialised practitioners to advise on and support technology enhanced learning within Higher Education. Academic developers, instructional designers and educational technologists are all examples of these skilled individuals typically working in ‘third space’ that crosses complex boundaries - between the pedagogical and technological, and the academic and professional. However, role titles and descriptions of duties are often unclear at best, with a lack of consistent terminology used across institutions and in the literature. This can lead to confusion and tensions when working with multiple institutional stakeholders who are uncertain about the abilities and knowledge of people in these roles; potentially exacerbating ‘the academic/professional divide’ in Higher Education and weakening the collaborative relationship between TEL workers and academics. This paper presents a synthesis of key literature related to contemporary TEL advisor and support roles in Higher Education alongside a preliminary analysis of 37 recent position descriptions of these roles. The application of social practice theory as our conceptual framework enables us to further explore the significance of practices in defining and differentiating these roles. This paper offers a step forward to the ways in which clarity and consistency of these roles might be sought. Future implications of this study are included for further consideration.
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Portugaise, Mika Kaibara, Lára Jóhannsdóttir y Shinsuke Murakami. "Extended producer responsibility’s effect on producers’ electronic waste management practices in Japan and Canada: drivers, barriers, and potential of the urban mine". Discover Sustainability 4, n.º 1 (13 de febrero de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43621-023-00124-y.
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AbstractElectronic waste is the fastest-growing domestic waste stream globally, continuously outstripping projections. With increasing ubiquity of complex computing, many non-renewables are contained in end-of-life electronics, creating a vast urban mine, potentially hazardous, depending on treatment. The aim of this study is to compare how Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policy is applied in two case countries, Japan and Canada, the practical implications of EPR policy design on producer operations, and how EPR affects electronic waste management improvements in each case. These cases share international obligations for electronic waste management but employ contrasting EPR policies. These policies are widespread in both cases, yet are not presided over by larger, regional obligations. Therefore, country-level interviews with electronic waste management stakeholders focusing on how EPR regulation affects producer practice were conducted. The physical application of EPR, as seen in Japan, drives design changes by producers intending to simplify downstream treatment, while financial responsibility in Canada, creates greater concern with cost-savings for producers, complicating end-of-life processing. EPR implementation, along with specific geographical factors, also create contrasting resource recovery results between countries. Regulation primarily drives EPR implementation in both countries, which is consistent with the literature. This study presents new drivers and barriers, namely pre-emptive legislation, and no incentive to improve, classifying the Japanese and Canadian systems as suffering from externalities on an insular system, and lack of harmonization, respectively. This research addresses a gap in comparative studies across regions of physical and financial EPR effects on producer practice.
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O'Leary, Kayla, Jeonghyun Kim y Abebe Rorissa. "Exploring Perspectives on Data Science Competency: Insights from Students, Professionals, and Employers". Proceedings of the ALISE Annual Conference, 16 de octubre de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.alise.2024.1688.
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Graduate-level data science programs at iSchools have increased in recent years in response to growing needs in the field and demand for professionals with data-related skills due to technology advancements and the ubiquity of information and data. However, a perception gap still exists regarding skills taught in classrooms and those needed in the workplace. Hence, we systematically analyzed graduate-level data science programs and courses and conducted a survey of relevant stakeholders (current students, data professionals, and employers) on their perceptions of the skills and knowledge necessary for an effective data science professional or data librarian. In the questionnaire, 116 participants rated the importance of data science competencies and topics using a seven-point Likert scale. The survey participants rated most data competency areas as important, very important, or extremely important, indicating a strong consensus among respondents regarding the significance of technical skills like data analysis, foundational skills like problem-solving, and soft skills like communication. Overall, students rated the importance of most technical skills higher than employers and professionals did. However, employers rated the importance of soft skills, such as communication, higher than students. A Kruskal-Wallis H test confirmed significant differences in the rating of multiple data competency importance among the three groups. When asked about the importance of data topics, participants rated topics like data ethics, privacy, and access as important. These findings could inform and assist administrators and faculty at LIS and iSchools with curricula design for graduate programs while working to prepare students for careers in the information professions.