Tesis sobre el tema "Sports – France – Histoire"
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Loyer, Frédéric. "La lutte en France : histoire d’une sportification contrariée". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2030.
Texto completoIt is usual to consider sport as the out come of play motor function. And jet, as regards the number of members Olympic wrestling, unjustly called “greco roman”, is superseded by Breton “gouren”. Trough a diachronic and synchronic approach we’ll be concerned with showing the workings of a thwarted “sportification”. The research is to be made through the deciphering of historical documents and the analysis of game sheets referring to the inner logic of two types of wrestling. Born from the show business, then borrowed by “catch” wrestling, the inner logic of “greco roman” has progressively got more strict as it became “sportification”. Sport competition is now its only form of expression. It goes trough a violence just as symbolic (violation of private space through the playing on the floor) as real (the important degree of shocks when falling), making a gap with the process of habits and ways getting wilder. By keeping its play tonality, the “gouren” is of a more flexible nature, and more open to a larger public, women and children can resort to it as an activity for leisure. Even in its competition form the “gouren” keep its strong regional identity. As regards the wrestling aspect of it, this sport is probably not the best there is when playing is concerned
Morales, Yves. "Histoire des sports d'hiver dans le Jura français des origines aux années soixante". Lyon 1, 1999. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=http://univ.scholarvox.com/book/88871671.
Texto completoBourmaud, François. "Les Britanniques et le développement des sports en France (1815-1914)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUL031.
Texto completoDuring the 19th century, modern sports can be considered, along with parliamentary government, as « France's most important import from Britain » (Isabelle and Robert Tombs). This study aims at understanding the ways and means of this cultural transfer. It deals with the diffusion of British sports (cricket, football, rugby…) in France, and it also addresses the modernization of some French games and leisures, such as horse racing, canotage or vélocipède, when they encountered the British sporting model. Our work is a contribution to French sport history, to Franco-British studies, and to the history of modern sports diffusion throughout the world. It relies on a sociocultural approach using sources and archives from both sides of the Channel. It analyses the circulation of practices, the role played by cultural go-betweens, the successes and the failures of transfers, as well as the imitations and changes in the appropriation of British sporting ethos in France
Le, Noe Olivier. "Socio-histoire des politiques sportives (1940-1975) : genèse d'un groupe de spécialistes de l'administration d'Etat des activités sportives et structuration du service public du sport". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010356.
Texto completoRenaud, Jean-Nicolas. "La naissance du sport dans le Jura : une forme de modernité". Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1015.
Texto completoThe deeper study of physical exercises practicals in the department of Jura is the opportunity to spend under the microscope both the way sport is rooted and settled in a place and the way it develops, it changes and spreads in the same place and, subsequently, in neighboring areas. The analysis of the press of Jura, of department directories, of records of deliberations of municipal councils and some private archives of sports questions sportivisation process by showing how, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it depends of the general phenomenon of modernity. A network of three major levers envelops with a modern aura, all imbued with rationalities (ultimately, on average, affects or tradition), the emergence and diffusion of sport in the jurassien world: individualism, quest for completion and construction of the associations. Thus it is possible to distinguish three stages of this evolution. Firstly, members are subject to the power of the collective, within the society, even if they have access to the first innovations on occasion of a practice governed by a speech full of strong republican patriotism. Secondly, sportsmen try to change their practice into a seducing and new show. However, they find it difficult to escape from the collective yoke. Thirdly, member and association are complementary, both in practice and in its management. The layout of many trials is modelling more numerous and diverse followers
Perny, Pierre. "Le Football en Alsace 1890- 1950 : une histoire sportive et politique". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA4035.
Texto completoRoger, Anne. "L'entraînement en athlétisme en France (1919-1973) : une histoire de théoriciens ?" Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10224.
Texto completoJarnet, Loïc. "La légitimation des politiques de l'éducation physique scolaire en France". Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040204.
Texto completoWhy does physical and sports education, a compulsory scholastic discipline, exist? What is it based on? The idea of PE for all, included in the national education system, appeared during the second half of the 18th century in a specific context. Its functionality began with the moderate 3rd republic; it acquired its consistency under de Gaulle. Today, the doctrines of PE are divided into two fundamental positions: those who feel that the objectivity of PE lies in a particular science; and others who believe that PE can only apply “rationales” which are constituted elsewhere. However, PE is based upon a rationale which is both formal (an intrinsic force based on several paradigms) and material (extrinsic forces: political, economic, social). It is the endogenous rationalizations which ensure its reason for being, which explains why the state universalizes it. The boudonian methodology demonstrates that PE is based on knowledge: it maintains that the consequences confirm the principles and, in turn, the principles cause the consequences. From this perspective, reality is questioned through paradigms. The knowledge of PE cannot, therefore, be presented in the form of an immense hypothetical-deductive theory resulting from a few principles. But rather, it takes the form of a gap-ridden intertwining of hypothetical-deductive theories. The methodological and pedagogical concern subsequently compels a choice to be made among the most pertinent elements. But from an epistemological point of view, after 1945, the concepts of PE were dominated by marxist-oriented categories generating preconceived ideas introduced by contemporary research carried out with unrelenting exegesis. For logical and empirical reasons, PE has now become sports oriented. But the grand explanatory theories of the sports phenomenon, today dominated by irrational theories valorizing social causality, affirm that sports are based on illusory adhesions. However, cognitive-oriented sociology demonstrates that, like PE, sports are based on a contextual rationale. PE is therefore founded on a network of “good reasons” confronted with reality and which cannot pretend to exist without any relationship to human dignity
Vermet, Paul. "L'etat et le sport moderne en france (1936-1986), les structures, les textes, les hommes". Caen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CAEN1078.
Texto completoIn june 1936, leon blum - president of the council of the popular government, for the first tile in france, appoints an under-secretary in charge of sports. From that date and for the next 50 years (1936-1986), all the following french governments will have a ministry in charge of the youth and sports. This thesis is presented in the form of 5 sub-periods and in chronological order : -1936-1940 (the end of the 3rd republic), 1940-1944 (the french state), 1944-1958 (the liberation - the 4 th republic), 1958-1974 (the 5 th republic : de gaulle - pompidou), 1974-1978 (the 5th republic : giscard d'estaing - mitterrand). As it appears in the title, each of these five sub-periods is studied in three aspects : - the structures : that is the organisations set up by the state to fulfill its mission concerning sports. - the texts : only the importants texts and official which might give an idea of the doctrine of the state have been selected. - the men : some biographical notes about the personalities who have taken on responsabilitiesat the head of different state authorities in charge of sports
Lassus, Marianne. "Jeunesse et sports : l'invention d'un ministère (1928-1948)". Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30061.
Texto completoMunoz, Laurence. "Une histoire du sport catholique : la Fédération sportive et culturelle de France, 1898-2000 /". Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39098130m.
Texto completoBibliogr. p. 313-328.
Monoky, Mathieu. "Ultras et hooligans en France : Socio-histoire des supporters radicaux de football au tournant des XXe et XXIe siècles". Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H050.
Texto completoIn France, certain types of football supporters claim to be “ultras” or hooligans by displaying the feeling of belonging. These entities, which primarily include young men, started to appear embryonically in France at the end of 1970s, but then more certainly in the mid-1980s.This thesis analysis the raising and development of hardcore football fan groups. In particular, it questions such phenomenon over time, contextualising its advent and development in France.Furthermore, based on a collection of endogenous resources, this work studies the supporters’ habits, it defines their groups sexualised and hierarchical functioning, and it explains the system of values within this subculture.This PhD research work also questions the regulation of this phenomenon. Indeed, going some of their cultural habits against social prohibitions, and being supporters’ violence increasingly covered by media; the management of this so-called “dangerous youth” has become a new political challenge
Violette, Louis. "Une histoire de la mémoire sportive en France au XXè siècle : l'individu, le groupe, le mouvement". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H076.
Texto completoThrough the historiography of the 20th century, Pierre Nora and Paul Ricoeur noted an accelerated growth of memory issues in French society since the 1970’s. Social decompartmentalisation and acceleration of Time have contributed to the distance of traditional history, in favour of a polyphonic appropriation of lessons from the past. Born with the industrial era, modern sport built himself as a mirror of the contemporary age. Elite’s prerogative at the crossing of 19th and 20th centuries, sport became an hegemonic and transverse social phenomenon one hundred years later. In France, its progressive rise is the result of constant changes. From Coubertin’s amateurism to mercantile professionalism, from local recognition to globalized prism, the sport has moved. It is at the same time a laboratory and a social observatory. Starting from the 1980’s, the emergence of show business sport has stimulated the accession of a social conscience in French sport. Television, financial issues and democratization of the practice have taken part in this evolution. The growth of sport representations has adapted itself to the race to modernity. However, this movement generates an attempt to recapture collectively sport history, in the light of a plural continuity of its meaning through times. This patrimonial aiming defines a new stage toward the age of memory in French sport
Sorez, Julien. "Footballs en Seine : histoire sociale et culturelle d’une pratique sportive dans Paris et sa banlieue des années 1880 à 1940". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0056.
Texto completoUsing the Seine department as the analysis framework, this thesis intends to put in perspective the development of football, from its first appearance at the end of the 19th century up until 1940. The strong links it enjoyed with Great Britain, the quality of its teams’ game and the dynamism of its leaders all explained the sporting and institutional hegemony of Parisian football until the late 1910s. During the interwar period, as football gained visibility and legitimacy in French society, the supremacy of Parisian football gradually eroded, although Paris and its inner suburbs remained the venues for the most attractive events of the country, and their teams always enjoyed a certain amount of prestige. The aim is, therefore, to understand how an initially marginal cultural practice developed in the capital of a highly centralised state, and to assess the importance of the Seine department in the historical trajectory followed by French football. In order to do this, the thesis will successively examine the institutional development of Parisian football, the modalities of its progressive spatial anchoring in Paris and the suburban communes of the Seine department and, finally, the manner in which football was able to acquire strong social legitimacy in less than five decades
Bretin-Maffiuletti, Karen. "Histoire du mouvement sportif ouvrier en Bourgogne : un autre regard sur les organisations sportives travaillistes (fin des années 1930-fin des années 1970)". Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL005.
Texto completoAfter having generally and quite unanimously established the worker sport movement as a political apparatus, historians have more recently started to question the concept of worker sport as being an entirely homogenous and marginal organization caught within tight links binding it to political and union movements. A thorough study of the worker sport movement in Burgundy from the late thirties into the late seventies allows to confirm how judicious this questioning is, ad emphasizes the necessity of looking at worker sport in a new and somewhat different light. Indeed, at a regional scale, it appears that worker clubs, which depend upon dedicated light. Indeed, at a regional scale, it appears that worker clubs, which depend upon dedicated activists, are well integrated into the Burgundian reality and rely – for their functioning and their activities – on a popular rather than working-class system of values, actually enjoy autonomy from the political and union spheres on different levels. Thus, the emergence and the development of worker sports activities – also conditioned within smaller circles by the competition between different types of sports societies – seem to be owing more to the mobilisation of a few devoted individuals than to the initiatives of the regional worker movement. In the same way, while worker clubs frequently communicate with their direct environment – more particularity with the sport movement in general, the relationship they entertain with worker organisations hardly amounts to anything more than occasional contacts and has been kept mainly informal. Finally, enquiries, led at the very heart of the worker societies in Burgundy, show that if the latter constitute privileged spaces for the development of original sports habits – particularly distinct from the modalities and the legitimate conception of the practice, their activities, the human exchanges created and the motivation of their members globally remain quite free from political designs
Epron, Aurélie. "Histoire du gouren (XIXe-XXIe siècles) : l'invention de la lutte bretonne". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282462.
Texto completoViollet, Sandrine. "Le temps des masses : le Tour de France cycliste, 1903-2003". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS004S.
Texto completoThe Tour de France was widespread by media among people regardless of their social origine thus becoming part of the French civilization. Therefore this major cycling competition emerged as one of the main sights of the mass culture development in France. Furthermore around this society phenomenon a real “culture Tour de France” was developed, keeping up the cult of the road giant achievements and eventually allowing the cycling competition to be part of the french popular culture. Since 1903, the Tour de France has gone through different periods. Created to sell more newspapers, it soon became part of the Revanche arsenal, showing a route similar to a rampart walk. From its image of “road slaves” the cyclic competition inverted the tendency and gave the image of a winning France in the thirties. After the Second Word War it became part of the national heritage. Then in a context of openness to Europe, of cold war and the growth of a leisure civilization, the Tour de France had adapted itself to those social cultural change in order to keep on exiting. Nowadays thanks to TV it has managed to be part of the globalisation stream, henceforth it refuses the Third Industrial Revolution values, denouncing the doping phenomenon
Arnaud, Pierre. "Le sportman, l'écolier, le gymnaste : la mise en forme scolaire de la culture physique". Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO20009.
Texto completoIn what conditions can a new subject be introduced into, then maintened in school curriculum ? The case of physical education (P. E. ) Is typical : its position in the schoolhouse (where it is a stranger) can be explained by political, cultural and educationned considerations. The thesis rests on two problematics. The first, that of integration analyses the connection between physical culture and physical education by relating the ways in which fitness and sport activities are created, transformed and spread outside school, and the ways in which physical culture is introduced and treated in the curriculum. It is then possible to know if p. E. Is indeed typical of contemporary school practices. The second, that of assimilation enables us to study the effects of school constraint : indeed ; isn't P. E. Bound to conform to an educational organisation (defined by o. Greard as early as 1868) which imposes a management of groups, exercices, space, time, in the definite frame of curriculum and method ? Besides, isn't that scholastic orthodoxy the very guarantee of the eartnestness, the rationality, the progressivism, in short, the dignity of reputedly useless, dangerous or derisory training. Actually, the culturel and scholastic sides are drifting apart : the specificity of P. E. , its legitimity exist only within, by and for school. The increasing number of educational institutions relaying that activity is a clue to the struggles, the differenciation, the specialization of competing educational departments. A survey of local sources has provided the data which permitted to relate national decisions to their enforcement in the lyons area. The informations collected have been submitted to quantitative and contents assessment. The interplay of affinities and identities marking the advent of sports sociabilities are the very principal of the dynamics of the development of sports associations. The span of this survey (1870-1914) covers the time required for P. E. To conform to the requirements of scholastic orthodoxy. That normalisation shows that the problematics of assimilation prevail over that of assimilations. From the favouring of its pedagogical functions over its cultural functions, P. E. Will have to draw many lessons
Chovaux, Olivier. "Un demi siècle de football dans le département du Pas-de-Calais : pratiques sportives, réalités sociales, ciment culturel (fin 19ème / 1940)". Artois, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ARTO0001.
Texto completoDespite the privacy still prevailing in France, the history of sports contributes to à deeper understanding of the sociocultural habits of the twentieth century. The Pas de Calais is the geographical setting of the northern football events, from the very start to the year 1940. This chronological approach enables to distinguish 3 distinct stages of the history : "the origins" (before 1914): the football association is practised on à limited level within local bourgeois clubs. "Taking roots" (in the twenties), clubs are spreading out on the coasts and the mining district. This period also witnesses the structuring and upright organization of practices, and championships endorsed by the football association north league founded in 1919. "Developping and changing" (in the thirties), professionnalisation in football brings forth influences such as the development of clubs and contests hierarchy ;the implementation of effective sportive policies by the executive committee of the clubs quoted in the study. A thematic approach of the issue allowed to forshadow à northern football geography, pointing out the clubs location according to specific criteria. The study of such sports practices highlights the emergence of technical, tactical as well as typological trends in the game. It seems that touting and fake amateurism were the policy of the clubs. Social realities give evidence of this lively associationism process within the district. Controlled by the local bourgeoisie, these clubs developped à unique sportive sociability. In between wars, the fact that the practice became more and more popular and democratic generated supporterism. This phenomenon urge me to put forward the idea of à cultural background, origin of the home solidarities ; each club with the feeling of its own identity,still complex though in its expression
Sabatier, Fabien. "Une histoire socio-culturelle de la F. S. G. T. : la diffusion sociale de son projet "sportif" à l'épreuve de ses réseaux et de ses militants". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS011S.
Texto completoIn France, between 1945 and 1972 the FSGT promoted sporting democratization of soviet style sensibility and conception, where competitive sport, a cultural element, is destined to shape a "New Man", physically, socially, culturally and politically educated. However its' political, trade-union, cultural and sporting networks passed on this doctrine irregularly to the French sporting community. Its' unified model of physical culture bringing together the elite and the masses, met resistance from many quarters, firstly from certain members of the CGT, opposed to a sporting militancy seen as rival to the trade unionist struggle in the heart of industry. Moreover, the participation of many communist elected officials in the development of commercial exhibition sport, associated with the diversity of actions of grassroots members of the FSGT and their temporal mobility, have equally worked to reduce the social ambitions of this federation
Boulain, Valérie. "L'émergence de l'aventure au féminin en France de 1850 à 1936 : de la voyageuse à la sportive". La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_09_Boulain.pdf.
Texto completoOur study aims at questioning the shifts in terminology which define the woman-in-adventure from the middle of the XIXth century to the “Front Populaire” period in order to study the socio-cultural enlarging of a female leisure practice. The occurrence in the press or in the publications of learned circles of terms such as the “long-distance female traveller”, the “female explorer” and later the “sports-woman” to define the emblematic figure of the long-distance female travel reveals a process of democratization and individualization of the Adventure. Thereby we will show that the long-distance female traveller of the beginning of the XIXth century definitely stands out as a character of exception contrasting with that of the female adventurer or of the “blue-stocking of the desert”. Later, during the so-called “Belle Époque” period, the woman-explorer, often middle-class born, will crystallize the advent of the “New Eve” through her meddling in the supposed male fields of science, economics or politics and through the exposition of a more “virile” body and energy. But it is mainly during the “Années Folles” that the mythical figure of the female adventurer, a representation of the heroic and athletic ideal Frenchwoman will blossom and later be embodied by Hélène Boucher
Charitas, Pascal. "L'Afrique au mouvement olympique : enjeux et stratégies de l'influence de la France dans l'internationalisation du sport africain (1944-1966)". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA113007.
Texto completoThe goal of the thesis is to study the role and influence of France in the process of intemationalising sport in French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa in the framework of the Olympic Movement (1944-1966). It aims to show how competitive sporting events between France and Africa during the colonial period and then at decolonisation revealed the dynamic of the changes in the political systems governing African sport (national and international federations, NOC). In the post-war context, the primary question is to understand how and under what conditions access to the IOC by the former French colonies in Africa can reveal the transformations in Franco-African relations. The demonstration focuses on three key moments : first, the combined effects of the reconfiguration in the new world order following the Second World War, such as the influence of the Cold War and the third-worldism that made it necessary for the former French colonies to strengthen relations with the Olympic Movement in order to defend their territory ; second, De Gaulle's Fifth Republic's formalising of Olympic sporting recognition for the former African colonies on their way to full independence through the Jeux de la Communauté Française and the Jeux de l'Amitié (1960-1963) ; and finally the new interaction between the French and African political systems at the IOC, which made it possible to envisage an African Olympic sports policy (all-Africa Games, 1965, and SCSA, 1966). Consequently, Franco-African sporting cooperation became an instrument of De Gaulle's foreign policy, thanks to support for the French government from the political elites of African sport. This viewpoint reveals a process working in two directions : maintaining French influence in postcolonial African sport through the strategic use of the OIympic Movement on the one hand, and the reappropriation of this Olympic space by the political elites of African sport to support their causes, fighting apartheid and pursuing development aid, on the other
Collinet, Cécile. "Les grands courants de l'éducation physique en France : analyse et comparaison de six courants au XXième siècle". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H019.
Texto completoConceptions on physical education can be considered as a kaleidoscope of different ways of viewing and conceiving our teaching. We are interested in what we call the different "trends" in the 20th century. Our approach is multiple. First it is historical in so far as one of its objectives is to take into account the changes occured in the conceptions of physical education in the course of time and to locate these conceptions in relation with particular characteristics of a given period. Secondly our approach is sociological : we study this subject as a social system with own mode of functioning and producing knowledge, its actors, interactions, conflicts and struggles. Finally, it is epistemological, since we intend to analyse the production of knowledge in the special sphere of physical education. Six trends are thus being studied: ratinal gymnastics by G. Demeny, la ligue d'education physique de P. Tissie, G. Hebert's natural method, educational sport by the sportive and gymnic federation of work, Jean le Boulch's psychocinetics and the trend of motor action by P. Parlebas. The main question is to make out the positive points about each of these trends. An analysis of contents of a carefully chosen corpus leads to defining three study indicators : a thematic indicator (considering the main themes), a semantic indicator (listing the recurring words used by each author), a referential indicator (collecting a groupe of quotations). Owing to these indicators the main tendencies of each trend are determined and then placed again in a historical and sociological context in order to analyse the logics of the production of knowledge. Finally, the different trends are compared to each other thanks to operational comparison creteria. The comparison results in underscoring the faults and dead-ends of each conception, for P. E. Both as a school discipline as well as a university subject (the sciences and techniques of physical and sportive activities). The trend of motor action is the only one escaping it, while opening a nex way to a true epistemology producing new specific knowledge
Penard, Etienne. "Le « peuple du livre » à l’épreuve du « judaïsme du muscle » : les communautés juives de France et le sport (fin XIXe-1948)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03212633.
Texto completoBeing a Jew in France corresponds to two periods and therefore two realities - the end of the 19th century and the creation of the State of Israel. This thesis observes these transformations through the body, sports and physical activity. During the Belle Époque, the “people of the Book” advocated complete assimilation and the Jews were not interested in physical practicies. They nurture a culture of study and intellectual training – their corporeality seems to exist only through internalized anti-Semitic imagery that saps it. It was not until the return of the First World War, and the waves of immigration caused by the pogroms in Eastern Europe, that physical education and sports entered the daily lives of Jews in France. The “muscular Judaism” that Max Nordau had wished back in 1898, is finally understood. This thesis is based on a corpus of different kinds of archives, allowing us to observe the birth and the course of a large number of clubs, youth movements and philanthropic initiatives. These institutions promote sports in Jewish culture for men, women and the youth, as well as the regeneration of their bodies. This research project intends to understand how the Jewish communities of France adapt to physical and sports practices. The virtues and missions of sport tackle various issues : identities, sociability, education and zionism
Olszak, Norbert. "Mouvement ouvrier et système judiciaire (1830-1950)". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR30004.
Texto completoRight from the beginning, the french workers' movement has to face repression. Consequently, it perceives negatively courts, judges, lawyers and the law. This leads it to deny the interest of the judiciary in the ideal society of the future: besides, reasons for conflicts having dissapeard, an institution having to settle the disputes is not necessary any more and, temporarily, are only being admitted treatments for offenders and amicable proceedings for the residual disagreements. This preference for arbitration -a private and fair institution- also appears within the context of the workers' custom (the organization of unions) and the labour experiences (phalansteries, etc. . . ); But the results are disappointing for, here again, this justice is often only a covering for the political power. While working at the society of the future, the workers' movement also has to defend its members. Within the years of controversy -1884-1920- the do- minating theory is that of direct action associated with proletarian violence. But some militants show that the judicial action can also be direct, and union services spread out at the same time as the social law. Yet, the col- lective dimension of the workers' movement is not recognized by the indivi- dualistic justice. Arbitration would make the introduction of workers' values possible, but it is perceived as a means prohibiting strike, which condemns it; in fact, the unions only use it to force negociations. The only way of meeting has then been the "conseils de prud'hommes", a marginal element of the judiciary. They could become important mostly because of their structuring role, with the elections. Yet, the attempts to continue the class war there, with the imperative mandate, have failed: to defend the institution, workers had to practise conciliation, the best means to solve the disputes between militants and minor employers and to avoid the injustice of the law and the interference of lawyers
Fossati, Régis. "Les Régions et le sport : 30 ans de construction politique, sociale et territoriale à travers l'itinéraire d'un acteur engagé". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20025.
Texto completoSince the institution of the decentralization in France, in the middle of 1980s, the regional elected representatives brought Regions to get involved resolutely in a domain, a sport, on which the legislative texts remained dumb. So, we see them appearing and being exactly determined during three big periods which we can place approximately between 1986 and1998, 1998 and on 2004 and of 2004 at today. During these thirty years, Regions free themselves from other actors, take original initiatives with regard to their skills and finally develop voluntarism politics, which little by little impose Regions in the sports landscape French as the inescapable actors.This long progress of Regions towards real sports policies is presented here in three chronological parties. They constitute the weft of the activities of search for a committed territorial agent, an attentive observer of their process of construction. By illustrating with the action of the Region Limousin, he so gives a particular perspective on the capital increase in value which Regions brought to the public policies of the sport to answer the stakes in the development of their territory and on the way they approach the necessary transformation of the French sports system
Franco, Caterina. "Dans le lieu et dans le temps : pour une histoire environnementale des infrastructures touristiques des Alpes franco-italiennes (1945-1975)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH022.
Texto completoThe thesis studies ski resorts planned and built at high altitude after the Second World War in the Franco-Italian Alps.The two national contexts, different for economic history, politics and geographical location, now share similar problems, which look to the future of a tourism model based on mass attendance, long stays and an offer concentrated around skiing. Indeed, climatic hazards, changes in the modes and times of tourist use, ageing of structures and infrastructures, are only some of the challenges which these places are facing today. Several researchers from various disciplines then suggested that the station could be rethought in continuity with the territory, the latter included in its economic, geographical or administrative nature.The research aims at investigating these questions in the field of architecture and through a historical study. By questioning the relationships established between the station and the territory (in its spatial, environmental and landscape components) during the design, construction and evolution process, the wish is to go beyond a reading of high mountain tourist establishments as decontextualized objects.Working on the spatial coordinate of the territory, we formulate the hypothesis that the establishment of winter sports resorts has led to large-scale transformations, and that, at the same time, the environmental, historical, economic and geomorphological characteristics of the sites concerned have played an active role in the design and construction process.Working on the temporal coordinate of the territory, we assume that the history of the winter sports resorts built in the 1960s and 1970s is only one step in the long process of transforming high-altitude sites for tourism. In this perspective, the history of activities preceding tourism, located in the same places, plays a decisive role.We rely on a method developed by environmental historians such as William Cronon, who considers the history of a territory as the result of interactions between human actions and natural data over a long period of time. The work is carried out through the study of four cases: Pila and Sansicario, in the Italian Alps; Chamrousse and La Plagne in the French Alps. We mobilize a corpus mainly constituted by documents belonging to different archival collections (local authorities, architects and urban planners, technicians), which we process by analyzing textual, graphic and cartographic documents, as well as by re-drawing and constructing chronosystem systemic timelines.In addition to give a contribution to the understanding of the history of tourism development in high mountain areas, we hope, through this work, to contribute to the debate on the methodological issues of research in the history of architecture
Lebecq, Pierre-Alban. "Paschal Grousset et la Ligue nationale de l'éducation physique". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28376.
Texto completoCharlot, Vincent. "Les spectacles sportifs professionnels et leurs public : l'exemple de la "configuration" paloise : L'élan béarnais Pau-Orthez (Basket-ball masculin, la section paloise Rugby (Rugby à XV) et le Tarbes Gespe Bigorre (Basket-ball féminin)". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30108.
Texto completoThree top level professional sports teams are to be found in Pau (France) and Tarbes (France), cities only separated from thirty kilometers: the Elan Béarnais (male basketball), the Tarbes Gespe Bigorre (female basketball) and the Section Paloise (15-a-side rugby). Their respective historical paths and the place they occupy in all regional, national and international sports have led to the building of totally different relationships with the process of internationalizing and professionalizing spectator sport. Through both a comparison of the fans and the internal working of each club, one can apprehend the consequences of the globalization of spectator sport on local and regional dynamics
Compaore, Delphine. "Le sport, analyseur de la place de l'Afrique dans la coopération internationale : l'exemple de la politique sportive de la France en Afrique-Burkina faso (1960- 2010)". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787630.
Texto completoAebischer, Sylvie. "« Mettre l’élève et le management au centre du système » : sociologie d’un moment réformateur : le ministère Jospin (1988-1989)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20094/document.
Texto completoThis thesis looks back on the elaboration of the guidance law on education of 1989 and considers the conditions for circulation of educational ideas in the Ministry of Education. It explores the links between innovative teaching techniques and the managerial reform of the state and offers a dual perspective on the genesis of this law. It investigates at first the timing of the reform by a detailed study of actors, activities and discursive productions of Jospin’s advisers. It then offers a historical contextualization through an history of educational policies and teaching positions defended by both the Socialist Party and the Fédération de l'Education Nationale. The circulation of ideas issue is processed through professional, political and labor cultures, and through the concrete mechanisms the actors appropriate and restitute ideas
Fontaine, Marion. "Les « Gueules Noires » et leur club : sport, sociabilités et politique à « Lens les Mines » (1934-1956)". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0145.
Texto completoWe try to understand how the links between a sport club The Racing Club de Lens, a town, Lens, and a social group, the coal miners, were forged, The following analysis includes twenty-two years of the history of RCL, from its professionalization to its 50"‘ anniversary. We explain how the club become the place of a peculiar consensus and how it can corne to symbolise the community of the coal miners, The period is characterised by the increasing involvement in football by the mining community and by the great crisis of this community, The present work aims therefore at understanding the RCL in the broader context of the sports associations and the institutions which shape Lens : mining company, local authorities and trade unions. The evolutions of the sports associations allows a new reading of the mining world, namely that of the political aspects of this world. The sporting gaine can help us understand how a working-class community has successively been shaped and reshaped
Schut, Pierre-Olaf. "L'exploration du monde souterrain entre science, tourisme et sport : une histoire culturelle de la spéléologie". Lyon 1, 2005. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=https://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/l-exploration-souterraine-une-histoire-culturelle-de-la-speleologie.
Texto completoGrall, Julie. "Histoire du badminton en France (fin XIXe siècle – 1979) : pratiques et représentations". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20017/document.
Texto completoBadminton is practiced by a small circle of followers, from its introduction in France, until 1979, unlike other modern sports appeared at the same time and become mass cultural phenomena. This work highlights a set of factors limiting the rise of badminton and its manufactures as a sport recognized as such. The game is gradually built with modern sports features, from the birth of the Dieppe club, in 1907 (an institution, a uniform codification, competitions, a classification, search for progress, more and more rational training, trained executives), yet it is hardly perceived as a "real sport". "Girl's game", "beach sport", herited representations from her supposed ancestor, the battledore and shuttlecock, are attached to badminton and persist. Considered a game, it does not attract practitioners seeking a "serious sport". It is however defended as such by its followers and is by the way of practicing that proposes its governing institution. Due to the lack of a large mass of players, practices are not visible enough to change representations. To this vicious circle is added a set of elements that do not allow the activity to be know. Badminton is primarily a distinctive activity, reserved for a social elite. Then, badminton his organized as an alternative sport to tennis, placed under the supervision of the FFLT in 1944, without being able to convince the yellow ball followers. On the international level, the French badminton team is poor. Federal policies, without means, are ineffective and the lack of covered infrastructure does not provide conditions for mass practice. These obstacles are gradually lifted and lead to the renaissance of the French badminton Federation in 1979, but are not enough to change the representations, stronger than not very visible practices
Hadjeras, Stéphane. "Georges Carpentier ou la Belle Époque de la boxe anglaise en France : 1900-1914". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC002.
Texto completoWhile at the turn of the nineteenth century, boxing in England remained a criminal practice and obscure, it is promoted, on the eve of the Great War, the rank of sport of the most fashionable. Embodying an ideal of physical regeneration, this staging of the body is then a show of flagship Parisian nights. The frequency of the demonstrations, the number of spectators during the big fights, the interest carried by a big part of the press and, finally, the social heterogeneity of a public, composed in particular by the principal artistic elites of the Belle Époque, constitute the most significant testimonies of this "triumph of the fist".What can be called "The Belle Époque of Boxing in France" is also marked by a correlation between the success of this practice and the advent of the first tri-colored sports star: the boxer Georges Carpentier. Born in 1894 in Liévin, in the mining basin of Pas-de-Calais, this champion embraces the profession of pugilist at the age of 14 years. In 1914, aged 20, he has already delivered more than 77 clashes and conquered, to the annoyance of the British, four titles of European champion! Such a journey invites to think the question of the factory of the champion at the Belle Epoque. It is all the product of a competent sports entourage and hard work that the result of a kind of "gift" amplified by the precocity and difficulty of the fighting. Not to mention, an economic environment favorable to the sport show marked by the synergy, even consanguinity of sports show entrepreneurs and media outlets who work for the construction of a "national idol".Unlike most of the winners of this sport, who entered the career as an adult, Carpentier chose this hard job at the end of childhood. Also, he argues the majority of his struggles during his adolescence. Because the spectacle of boxing can serve as a prism through which the historian analyzes the French society and culture of the pre-war period, this atypical trajectory, even enigmatic by its brilliance, questions the relationship to the physical violence maintained by this young man. pugilist and more widely by a whole generation. Sometimes considered as a game of brute, sometimes as a noble art, boxing is also the mirror of a Belle Epoque, shared in the words of the Italian historian Emilio Gentile between "triumphant modernity" and "barbarism of splendor". Its success, like that of air or motor sports, is part of a "culture of aggression" that seems to announce the violence of the First World War.Between 1908 and 1914, at the rate of many and improbable victories, the popularity of Carpentier continues to grow. It reached its peak in the two years preceding the war, especially when there were convincing triumphs against the finest pugilistic British flower. On the occasion of matches mobilizing the springs of anti-English nationalism, these clashes continue the long historical enmity between France and the "perfidious Albion", while nourishing and growing the fame of the boxer. At the dawn of celebrity worship, the extent of its notoriety can be evaluated by a regular visibility in the media, the birth of an industry and an economy centered around its image and emergence of a form of adulation and heroism of his person. In a kind of allegory, his face, and in particular the contradiction between his first young physique and the extreme aggressiveness that he shows once in the ring, embody then the ambivalence of boxing and by the same that of the Belle Epoque. Strangely echoing the famous sentence pronounced by the philosopher Hegel, "Woe to the people who need heroes", the elevation, a few years before the Great War, of a boxer to the rank of national hero, would appear as a testimony of the inability of the country to find in the collective, moral springs to avoid the cataclysm that grew in the shadows
Bellefon, Renaud de. "Du terroir au territoire : histoire des guides de montagne en France (vers 1780-1960)". Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20063.
Texto completoLabelling the activity of mountain guides as vocational has turned it into a sideline, into imagery. As an inheritor of this imaginary construction, as an observer, an actor and a historian, I propose here to upset it by writing a history of mountain guides from 1780 to 1960. The mountain guide came into existence as soon as mountains were viewed as touristic sites. However, the guide himself considered his profession as a mere extension of his usual farming activity in a mountain environment. In his own eyes - and in his client's, usually middle-class person - he delved his legitimacy from his dwelling place and his long familiarity with the mountain. Nevertheless, only in Chamonix could the mountain guides set up and impose a company with established rules directly resulting from a communitarian exploitation of the mountain. In contrast, anywhere else the strangers and the alpinists were the real power, and they managed to outclass the guide. Considering his knowledge of mountain environment as purely intuitive enabled them to devise exclusion procedures such that the mountain guide now just ranked a as sub alpinist. A mere servant of his client, the local mountain guide remained a loyal and faithful underling and had to become acquainted with the mountain as it had been appropriated and remodeled by the client. In view of his dependence on the alpinist, which is evident from the available sources, the mountain guide had to adapt himself after 1930 to the new trends in mountain resort business - to become an alpinist, as in Chamonix or to vanish, as in the Pyrenees. However, a turn of the tide occurred in the period going from 1930 to 1950, with the guide now appearing as the leader in the pair. In the process the local mountain man acting as a guide has been changed into a full-time alpinist, a professional, in short a new type of; mountain man. A new mountain has been reinvented, marked by sport and leisure activities, an evolution that has its counterpart in the society at large
Delorme, Nicolas. "Stratégie fédérale et développement d'un sport spectacle : l'exemple du hockey sur glace en France : socio-histoire d'un échec ?" Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647299.
Texto completoNahas, Imad. "Le jeu et le pari en droit". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020017/document.
Texto completoGames of chance were known and practiced by man since the earliest civilizations. But all the way since the greco-roman antiquity, these games have attracted the ire of moralists, clergymen and legislators, each for their own motives. Strict laws were enacted by the Antiquity legislators, laws that were later upheld by canonists and jurists of the Old law, as well as the civil Code editors, in order to eliminate, or at least confine this recreational practice. But the human desire to enjoy these games of chance was stronger than these laws, and the practice survived. Over the course of the 20th century, and while certain States around the world chose absolute prohibition, others, like France, opted for a controlled authorization under the auspices of the State. Thus was created the prohibition-monopoly-exception triptych, under which gambling grew considerably. And when the technological development allowed games of chance to be provided through the internet, the gambling industry reached in France and around the world, limits never known before in the course of the human history. But this exceptional development has brought new challenges along, mainly in the finance and security areas, but also at the European legal level where the French monopoly model was criticized. To take up these challenges, new laws were enacted in recent years. But all fell short of the challenges scale. The task was initiated, but most of the work remains to be done
Meyer, Jean-Christophe. "L'offre de football télévisé et sa réception par la presse en France et en RFA (1950-1966) : l'édification du "Grand stade", vecteur d'identité nationale et européenne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA026.
Texto completoCovering a period of 16 years starting back in 1950 our comparative study aims to stress a peculiar aspect of the history of sports media coverage in France and Germany: the evolution of television football programs and their reception by the press during this first phase of edification of the “Great Stadium”. We have primarily explored in what measure these programs played the part of a conveyor for national and European identity. The comparative approach between France and Germany pleaded in favor of analyzing principles and forces involved in the national and international governance of football and television. We first focused on the sports press and the magazines dealing with television programs since they are liable to be essentially concerned by the observed phenomenon. The analysis of the evolution of the relationships involving institutional actors in this sector is a crucial aspect of our study. The study of the supplied programs and of the rites tied with a growing consumption of television football shows is not less important. It provoked the publication of numerous contemporary opinions in the so-called popular press of both countries. These opinions sustained professional or profane theories on football broadcasting that had a lasting pertinence for some of them. Others were soon invalidated by the swift evolution of technology, of the institutional environment and regulations or by the apparition of new competitions like the European Champions’ Cup or the European Nations’ Championship. It was important to stress how a “national culture” emerged and persisted on both sides of the Rhine River during those years as far as football broadcasting is concerned. It was also important to examine how the foundation of EBU, of UEFA and the launching of diverse European competitions led to the creation, to the extension and to the establishment of a “popular” European cultural space tied with football
Vivier, Christian. "L'aventure canotière : du canotage à l'aviron : histoire de la Nautique bisontine (1865-1930)". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO19001.
Texto completoEl, Boujjoufi Taïeb. "L''investissement médical en éducation physique : étude des conditions sociales de formation d'une position collective (1880-1950)". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100138.
Texto completoThe medical investment in physical education between 1880 and 1950 was the result of particular social conjecture favourising the establishment of a collective position. This process of “medicalisation” was a force which invested physical education in multiple ways, in an irreversible, anonymous process, a regular and insiduous annexations. It was as if this process of medicalisation was taking place in a social vacuum. This explains the basic analytical approach adopted : to examine the evolution from an underlying “medico-pedagogical and sporting” interest (still linked to an emerging reforming system) to a specialised interest group. The analysis follows the progress of this developing interest as it forms and re-forms and traces the new lines of divison established between the various actors working in the domain of the manipulation of the human body
Charitas, Pascal. "L'Afrique au Mouvement olympique : Enjeux, stratégies et influences de la France dans l'internationalisation du sport africain (1944-1966)". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833807.
Texto completoMierzejewski, Stéphan. "Le corps académisé : genèse des STAPS (1968-1982)". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100137.
Texto completoThe developments that led to the emergence of a French sport sciences university course were initiated from the physical education's sphere. This filiation makes us wondering, as so far as it breaks with the whole criterions generally admitted by the historiography of academic's innovations (scholarly lineage, Scientifics' level of hoarding and competition, apparent social importance, etc. ). Only an empirical and relational historical outlook shows off the objectives and symbolic internal stakes that mark out the future of the studied universe, as well as the nature of the social logics displayed at the connection of the education, sport and state fields
Solacroup, Rémi. "Une histoire de l'associationnisme sportif marocain dans la Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux (1978-2005). Une approche comparée avec le cas portugais". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0426.
Texto completoSport, object of modernity, exists in a communal form in immigrant populations settled in the Bordeaux Urban Community (Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux - CUB) since the 1930s. Within the Moroccan population in the same region, associative sport was observed in the late 1970s with the creation of football teams related to political will on the part of the Moroccan government to monitor its emigrants who might return to Morocco. This resulted in the emergence of a conglomerate of ‘closed’ football teams that survived only a few years. In the early 1990s, the first Moroccan student cultural associations saw in sport a tool to attract and unite the Moroccan student community. Meanwhile, in the commune of Pessac, the USSAP Boxing Club was created by Moroccans responsible for a cultural association dedicated to the music of the Maghreb. The boxing club became a space where the vision of its members was overriding the opinion of the community and where sporting excellence seemed to be the driving force. Therefore the Moroccan associative networks were formed as constellations within the Bordeaux Urban Community and illustrated the sometimes complex role that sports cultures played amongst the immigrant populations. Through boundary as a heuristic object, a comparison between the Portuguese and Moroccan associate activity highlights the gradual disappearance of communal visions in sports associations for the benefit of modernity of sport, seeking excellence and at the same time forcing the clubs to open up and therefore reduce their alterity
Cartier, Alice. "Mythe et réalités olympiques : les Jeux de 1900". Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040165.
Texto completoCoubertin wished to organize the first games of the modern era in Paris in 1900, within the framework of, or in connection with, the World Fair. But from January 1894, Alfred Picard, the World Fair General Commissioner, rejected his proposal, rather choosing to organize physical exercises and sport competitions, thus depriving Coubertin of the supports who would have allowed him to organize Olympic Games. Therefore the only solution left for the IOC President was to keep up appearances, in order to ensure the survival of the rising Olympic movement. He made it so well that the myth of the 1900 Olympic Games still goes on, a myth preserved by the IOC itself. The purpose of this thesis is to separate fact from fiction about the so-called 1900 “Olympic Games” which n fact never occurred
Cartier, Alice. "Mythe et réalités olympiques : les Jeux de 1900". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040165.
Texto completoCoubertin wished to organize the first games of the modern era in Paris in 1900, within the framework of, or in connection with, the World Fair. But from January 1894, Alfred Picard, the World Fair General Commissioner, rejected his proposal, rather choosing to organize physical exercises and sport competitions, thus depriving Coubertin of the supports who would have allowed him to organize Olympic Games. Therefore the only solution left for the IOC President was to keep up appearances, in order to ensure the survival of the rising Olympic movement. He made it so well that the myth of the 1900 Olympic Games still goes on, a myth preserved by the IOC itself. The purpose of this thesis is to separate fact from fiction about the so-called 1900 “Olympic Games” which n fact never occurred
Gresser, Bernard. "Club de plage d'hier à aujourd'hui : étude socio-économique". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21280.
Texto completoBeach clubs, which are leisure facilities, made their appearance on the French coastline at the turn of the 20th century. Since then, they have played an active role in offering physical and sports activities to children during the summer holidays. This study examines beach clubs from the historical, legal, sociological and strategic viewpoints. The survey data obtained regarding the clubs and the needs and expectations of their clients point to the development of a strategy. At present, changing mentalities coupled with legal, administrtative and economic constraints are obliging beach clubs to reason in terms of children's and parent's expectations, market constraints and local policies for developing tourism
Lehman, Erin Lizabeth. "ART AND THE SPORTSMAN, SPORTING ART AND THE MAN: GUSTAVE CAILLEBOTTE AND THE LATE NINETEENTH-CENTURY MALE BODY". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/288857.
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This dissertation focuses primarily on the Impressionist artist Gustave Caillebotte's paintings of rowers on the Yerres River outside Paris, created in the late 1870s. The works engage with many of the radical shifts in social and cultural norms that took place during the latter half of the nineteenth-century as industrialization and urbanization increasingly affected daily life in Europe and America. The paintings are in dialogue with developments in the fine arts, including the growing influence of Impressionism and avant-garde artists, and deal extensively with the male figure, reacting to and engaging with changing norms of masculinity. To fully examine the works, I focus on five areas of comparison. First, in considering the possible implications of changing masculine ideals in relation to the physical body during the period, I consider Caillebotte's controversial nude male bathers. I then contrast Caillebotte's oarsmen with both the professional rowers portrayed by his American contemporary Thomas Eakins, and the more leisurely boating scenes of his fellow Impressionists. Finally, I examine the history of the dandy/flâneurs figure, arguing that Caillebotte's rowers illustrate the artist's attempt to reinvent and modernize the concept. My thesis attempts to bridge different methodological approaches that have tended to isolate aspects of the artist's work, thereby obscuring his overall project of engaging with both the social and theoretical concept of modernity. Although the artist is underrepresented in the general literature of Impressionism, he has lately played a significant role in texts examining Impressionist interest in the suburban vacation spots along the Seine River. Such authors have illuminated Caillebotte's background as a serious sportsman, an aspect of the artist previously underexplored. I also build on feminist and queer theorists, who in recent years have called attention to the potential for sexual subversity within Caillebotte's oeuvre. Although acknowledging a debt to all of these scholars, my dissertation is an attempt to expand the scholarly conversation by examining how these works explore the concept of modernity, both formally, in the manner in which Caillebotte calls attention to the artifice of painting and socially, in how he engages with the changing physical landscape and the increasing potential for leisure activities outside Paris following the Franco-Prussian War. Finally, in arguing that Caillebotte rowers are transported flâneurs, who, though now engaged in daytime paddling rather than evening strolling, continue their mission of anonymity and observation, I suggest an expansion of the very definition of flâneurs, and by extension, the dandy figure that remains relevant as a type even today.
Temple University--Theses
Caron, Jean-Claude. "La jeunesse des écoles à Paris, 1815-1848 : étude statistique, sociale et politique". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010516.
Texto completoEvrard, Barbara. "LA CÔTE D'ALBÂTRE COMME TERRAIN DE JEUX ? AMÉNAGEMENTS, ACTIVITÉS PHYSIQUES ET PAYSAGES VÉCUS". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565235.
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