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Literatura académica sobre el tema "SPONTANEOUS INTERACTIONS"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "SPONTANEOUS INTERACTIONS"

Cuadros, Zamara, Esteban Hurtado y Carlos Cornejo. "Infant-adult synchrony in spontaneous and nonspontaneous interactions". PLOS ONE 15, n.º 12 (18 de diciembre de 2020): e0244138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244138.

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Infant-adult synchrony has been reported through observational and experimental studies. Nevertheless, synchrony is addressed differently in both cases. While observational studies measure synchrony in spontaneous infant-adult interactions, experimental studies manipulate it, inducing nonspontaneous synchronous and asynchronous interactions. A still unsolved question is to what extent differ spontaneous synchrony from the nonspontaneous one, experimentally elicited. To address this question, we conducted a study to compare synchrony in both interactional contexts. Forty-three 14-month-old infants were randomly assigned to one of two independent groups: (1) the spontaneous interaction context, consisting of a storytime session; and (2) the nonspontaneous interaction context, where an assistant bounced the infant in synchrony with a stranger. We employed an optical motion capture system to accurately track the time and form of synchrony in both contexts. Our findings indicate that synchrony arising in spontaneous exchanges has different traits than synchrony produced in a nonspontaneous interplay. The evidence presented here offers new insights for rethinking the study of infant-adult synchrony and its consequences on child development.

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Li, Chang y Hideyoshi Yanagisawa. "Intrinsic motivation in virtual assistant interaction for fostering spontaneous interactions". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 4 (23 de abril de 2021): e0250326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250326.

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With the growing utility of today’s conversational virtual assistants, the importance of user motivation in human–artificial intelligence interactions is becoming more obvious. However, previous studies in this and related fields, such as human–computer interaction, scarcely discussed intrinsic motivation (the motivation to interact with the assistants for fun). Previous studies either treated motivation as an inseparable concept or focused on non-intrinsic motivation (the motivation to interact with the assistant for utilitarian purposes). The current study aims to cover intrinsic motivation by taking an affective engineering approach. A novel motivation model is proposed, in which intrinsic motivation is affected by two factors that derive from user interactions with virtual assistants: expectation of capability and uncertainty. Experiments in which these two factors are manipulated by making participants believe they are interacting with the smart speaker “Amazon Echo” are conducted. Intrinsic motivation is measured both by using questionnaires and by covertly monitoring a five-minute free-choice period in the experimenter’s absence, during which the participants could decide for themselves whether to interact with the virtual assistants. Results of the first experiment showed that high expectation engenders more intrinsically motivated interaction compared with low expectation. However, the results did not support our hypothesis that expectation and uncertainty have an interaction effect on intrinsic motivation. We then revised our hypothetical model of action selection accordingly and conducted a verification experiment of the effects of uncertainty. Results of the verification experiment showed that reducing uncertainty encourages more interactions and causes the motivation behind these interactions to shift from non-intrinsic to intrinsic.

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Altschul, B. y V. Alan Kostelecký. "Spontaneous Lorentz violation and nonpolynomial interactions". Physics Letters B 628, n.º 1-2 (noviembre de 2005): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2005.09.018.

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Chon, Ki H., Ramakrishna Raghavan, Yu-Ming Chen, Donald J. Marsh y Kay-Pong Yip. "Interactions of TGF-dependent and myogenic oscillations in tubular pressure". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 288, n.º 2 (febrero de 2005): F298—F307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2004.

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We have previously shown that there are two oscillating components in spontaneously fluctuating single-nephron blood flow obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats (Yip K-P, Holstein-Rathlou NH, and Marsh DJ. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 264: F427–F434, 1993). The slow oscillation (20–30 mHz) is mediated by tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF), whereas the fast oscillation (100 mHz) is probably related to spontaneous myogenic activity. The fast oscillation is rarely detected in spontaneous tubular pressure because of its small magnitude and the fact that tubular compliance filters pressure waves. We detected myogenic oscillation superimposed on TGF-mediated oscillation when ambient tubular flow was interrupted. Two well-defined peaks are present in the mean power spectrum of stop-flow pressure (SFP) centering at 25 and 100 mHz ( n = 13), in addition to a small peak at 125–130 mHz. Bispectral analysis indicates that two of these oscillations (30 and 100 mHz) interact nonlinearly to produce the third oscillation at 125–130 mHz. The presence of nonlinear interactions between TGF and myogenic oscillations indicates that estimates of the relative contribution of each of these mechanisms in renal autoregulation need to account for this interaction. The magnitude of myogenic oscillations was considerably smaller in the SFP measured from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 13); consequently, nonlinear interactions were not observed with bispectral analysis. Reduced augmentation of myogenic oscillations in SFP of SHR might account for the failure in detecting nonlinear interactions in SHR.

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Mudoor Sooresh, Maanasa, Benjamin P. Willing y Benjamin C. T. Bourrie. "Opportunities and Challenges of Understanding Community Assembly in Spontaneous Food Fermentation". Foods 12, n.º 3 (3 de febrero de 2023): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12030673.

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Spontaneous fermentations that do not rely on backslopping or industrial starter cultures were especially important to the early development of society and are still practiced around the world today. While current literature on spontaneous fermentations is observational and descriptive, it is important to understand the underlying mechanism of microbial community assembly and how this correlates with changes observed in microbial succession, composition, interaction, and metabolite production. Spontaneous food and beverage fermentations are home to autochthonous bacteria and fungi that are naturally inoculated from raw materials, environment, and equipment. This review discusses the factors that play an important role in microbial community assembly, particularly focusing on commonly reported yeasts and bacteria isolated from spontaneously fermenting food and beverages, and how this affects the fermentation dynamics. A wide range of studies have been conducted in spontaneously fermented foods that highlight some of the mechanisms that are involved in microbial interactions, niche adaptation, and lifestyle of these microorganisms. Moreover, we will also highlight how controlled culture experiments provide greater insight into understanding microbial interactions, a modest attempt in decoding the complexity of spontaneous fermentations. Further research using specific in vitro microbial models to understand the role of core microbiota are needed to fill the knowledge gap that currently exists in understanding how the phenotypic and genotypic expression of these microorganisms aid in their successful adaptation and shape fermentation outcomes. Furthermore, there is still a vast opportunity to understand strain level implications on community assembly. Translating these findings will also help in improving other fermentation systems to help gain more control over the fermentation process and maintain consistent and superior product quality.

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Bauminger-Zviely, Nirit y Analia Shefer. "Naturalistic evaluation of preschoolers’ spontaneous interactions: The Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale". Autism 25, n.º 6 (24 de febrero de 2021): 1520–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361321989919.

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Peer interaction can be challenging in autism spectrum disorder, but naturalistic peer-observation scales for preschoolers are scarce. This study examined psychometric qualities of the newly developed Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale. We tested the Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale to (a) characterize peer interactions of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder who were cognitively able versus typical age-mates, (b) explore each group’s hierarchical pattern of peer interaction behaviors, and (c) identify Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale’s links with standard reports for assessing social-communication functioning (Vineland Behavior Scales, 2nd ed.), social impairment (Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd ed.), autism severity (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd ed.), and intelligence quotient (Mullen) in the cognitively able preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder group. Participants comprised 85 preschoolers (50 cognitively able preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder, intelligence quotient > 75; 35 typical). Groups were matched for age, intelligence quotient, and maternal education. Significant group differences emerged on all Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale categories, in favor of typical. In cognitively able preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder, correlation analyses indicated that more typical peer relations on Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale were linked with better adaptive and socialization skills (Vineland Behavior Scales, 2nd ed.) and fewer social atypicalities (Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd ed.). Higher intelligence quotient scores were linked with better Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale social-communication functioning. Only a few Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale social-communication categories significantly correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd ed. Findings highlight the Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale as differentiating between groups and providing knowledge about peer interaction in natural settings. This new tool can help personalize social-communication programs and evaluations of early intervention outcomes. Lay abstract Peer interaction can be challenging in autism spectrum disorder, but naturalistic peer-observation scales for preschoolers are limited. This study examined the newly developed Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale, with 17 subcategories, which evaluate naturalistic peer interaction processes in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder and typical development. We tested the Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale to (a) characterize peer interactions of preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder who were cognitively able versus typical age-mates, (b) explore each group’s hierarchical pattern of peer interaction behaviors, and (c) identify Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale’s links with standard reports for assessing social-communication functioning (Vineland Behavior Scales, 2nd ed.), social impairment (Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd ed.), autism severity (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd ed.), and intelligence quotient (Mullen) in the cognitively able preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder group. Participants comprised 85 preschoolers (50 cognitively able preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder, intelligence quotient > 75; 35 typical). Groups were matched according to age, intelligence quotient, and maternal education. Significant group differences emerged on all Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale categories, with the typical group showing better social-communication functioning as compared to the cognitively able preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder group. Also, in cognitively able preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder that observed as demonstrating more typical peer relations on the Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale showed better adaptive and socialization skills on the Vineland (Vineland Behavior Scales, 2nd ed.) and fewer social atypicalities on the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd ed. Higher intelligence quotient scores were linked with better observed social-communication functioning (on Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale). Few Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale social-communicative categories significantly correlated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 2nd ed. Findings highlight the Autism Peer Interaction Observation Scale as differentiating the two preschooler groups and providing additional knowledge about socially communicative peer interaction in natural settings. This new tool can help personalize social-communication programs and evaluations of early intervention outcomes, thereby leading to a fuller picture of these young children’s functioning.

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Uhnoo, Sara y Sofia Persson. "Emotion management of disaster volunteers: the delicate balance between control and recognition". Emotions and Society 2, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2020): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/263169020x15996504158224.

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Authorities always need help in disaster situations, and in line with the current trend of community resilience, they see support from active citizens as a promising solution. However, the uncontrolled inflow of spontaneous volunteers and other resources into a disaster area poses serious dilemmas for professional responders. The uniqueness of this study lies in its approach to authorities’ management of spontaneous volunteers from the perspective of the sociology of emotions. Drawing on an interactionist perspective of emotions, the objective is to deepen our understanding of how and why professional responders use interpersonal emotion management in interactions with spontaneous volunteers during disasters. We discuss this issue in relation to a specific disaster operation. Building on findings from interviews with personnel from the fire and rescue services, key officials and volunteers involved in the management of a large-scale forest fire in Sweden, we show that professionals’ emotion management in interactions with volunteers requires a balance between the control and recognition of volunteer activities. Specific emotion management techniques and an overarching rule about expressing gratitude to spontaneous volunteers are identified and discussed in relation to the professionals’ rationale for their emotion management. We argue that emotion management is a crucial aspect of the interaction between professionals and volunteers, with important implications for disaster management and the legitimacy of the authorities in the eyes of citizens.

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LI, BING AN. "THEORY OF ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS WITHOUT SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING". International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, n.º 25 (10 de octubre de 2001): 4171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01005341.

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An electroweak theory without spontaneous symmetry breaking is studied in this paper. A new symmetry breaking of SU (2)L × U (1), axial-vector symmetry breaking, caused by the combination of the axial-vector component of the intermediate boson and the fermion mass is found in electroweak theory. The mass of the W boson is resulted in the combination of the axial-vector symmetry breaking and the explicit symmetry breaking by the fermion masses. The Z boson gains mass from the axial-vector symmetry breaking only. [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] are obtained. They are in excellent agreement with data. The SU (2)L × U (1) invariant generating functional of the Green functions is constructed and the theory is proved to be renormalizable.

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Sodt, Alexander J., Richard M. Venable, Edward Lyman y Richard W. Pastor. "Lipid-Lipid Interactions Determine the Membrane Spontaneous Curvature". Biophysical Journal 108, n.º 2 (enero de 2015): 181a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.1002.

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Szefler, Beata y Przemysław Czeleń. "Will the Interactions of Some Platinum (II)-Based Drugs with B-Vitamins Reduce Their Therapeutic Effect in Cancer Patients? Comparison of Chemotherapeutic Agents such as Cisplatin, Carboplatin and Oxaliplatin—A review". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n.º 2 (12 de enero de 2023): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021548.

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Pt (II) derivatives show anti-cancer activity by interacting with nucleobases of DNA, thus causing some spontaneous and non-spontaneous reactions. As a result, mono- and diaqua products are formed which further undergo complexation with guanine or adenine. Consequently, many processes are triggered, which lead to the death of the cancer cell. The theoretical and experimental studies confirm that such types of interactions can also occur with other chemical compounds. The vitamins from B group have a similar structure to the nucleobases of DNA and have aromatic rings with single-pair orbitals. Theoretical and experimental studies were performed to describe the interactions of B vitamins with Pt (II) derivatives such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. The obtained results were compared with the values for guanine. Two levels of simulations were implemented at the theoretical level, namely, B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) with LANL2DZ bases set for platinum atoms and MN15/def2-TZVP. The polarizable continuum model (IEF–PCM preparation) and water as a solvent were used. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to describe the drug–nucleobase and drug–B vitamin interactions. Values of the free energy (ΔGr) show spontaneous reactions with mono- and diaqua derivatives of cisplatin and oxaliplatin; however, interactions with diaqua derivatives are more preferable. The strength of these interactions was also compared. Carboplatin products have the weakest interaction with the studied structures. The presence of non-covalent interactions was demonstrated in the tested complexes. A good agreement between theory and experiment was also demonstrated.

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Tesis sobre el tema "SPONTANEOUS INTERACTIONS"

Magnan, Eric. "Spontaneous decoherence in large Rydberg systems". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLO008/document.

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La simulation quantique consiste à réaliser expérimentalement des systèmes artificiels équivalent à des modèles proposés par les théoriciens. Pour réaliser ces systèmes, il est possible d'utiliser des atomes dont les états individuels et les interactions sont contrôlés par la lumière. En particulier, une fois excités dans un état de haute énergie (appelé état de Rydberg), les atomes peuvent être contrôlés individuellement et leurs interactions façonnées arbitrairement par des faisceaux laser. Cette thèse s'intéresse à deux types de simulateurs quantiques à base d'atomes de Rydberg, et en particulier à leurs potentielles limitations.Dans l'expérience du Joint Quantum Institute (USA), nous observons la décohérence dans une structure cubique contenant jusqu'à 40000 atomes. A partir d'atomes préparés dans un état de Rydberg bien défini, nous constatons l'apparition spontanée d'états de Rydberg voisins et le déclenchement d'un phénomène d'avalanche. Nous montrons que ce mécanisme émane de l'émission stimulée produite par le rayonnement du corps noir. Ce phénomène s'accompagne d'une diffusion induite par des interactions de type dipole-dipole résonant. Nous complétons ces observations avec un modèle de champ moyen en état stationnaire. Dans un second temps, l'étude de la dynamique du problème nous permet de mesurer les échelles de temps caractéristiques. La décohérence étant globalement néfaste pour la simulation quantique, nous proposons plusieurs solutions pour en atténuer les effets. Nous évaluons notamment la possibilité de travailler dans un environnement cryogénique, lequel permettrait de réduire le rayonnement du corps noir.Dans l'expérience du Laboratoire Charles Fabry à l'Institut d'Optique (France), nous analysons les limites d'un simulateur quantique générant des structures bi- et tridimensionnelles allant jusqu'à 70 atomes de Rydberg piégés individuellement dans des pinces optiques. Le système actuel étant limité par le temps de vie des structures, nous montrons que l'utilisation d'un cryostat permettrait d'atteindre des tailles de structures jusqu'à 300 atomes. Nous présentons les premiers pas d'une nouvelle expérience utilisant un cryostat à 4K, et en particulier les études amont pour le développement de composants optomécaniques placés sous vide et à froid
Quantum simulation consists in engineering well-controlled artificial systems that are ruled by the idealized models proposed by the theorists. Such toy models can be produced with individual atoms, where laser beams control individual atomic states and interatomic interactions. In particular, exciting atoms into a highly excited state (called a Rydberg state) allows to control individual atoms and taylor interatomic interactions with light. In this thesis, we investigate experimentally two different types of Rydberg-based quantum simulators and identify some possible limitations.At the Joint Quantum Institute, we observe the decoherence of an ensemble of up to 40000 Rydberg atoms arranged in a cubic geometry. Starting from the atoms prepared in a well-defined Rydberg state, we show that the spontaneous apparition of population in nearby Rydberg states leads to an avalanche process. We identify the origin of the mechanism as stimulated emission induced by black-body radiation followed by a diffusion induced by the resonant dipole-dipole interaction. We describe our observations with a steady-state mean-field analysis. We then study the dynamics of the phenomenon and measure its typical timescales. Since decoherence is overall negative for quantum simulation, we propose several solutions to mitigate the effect. Among them, we discuss the possibility to work at cryogenic temperatures, thus suppressing the black-body induced avalanche.In the experiment at Laboratoire Charles Fabry (Institut d'Optique), we analyze the limitation of a quantum simulator based on 2 and 3 dimensional arrays of up to 70 atoms trapped in optical tweezers and excited to Rydberg states. The current system is limited by the lifetime of the atomic structure. We show that working at cryogenic temperatures could allow to increase the size of the system up to N=300 atoms. In this context, we start a new experiment based on a 4K cryostat. We present the early stage of the new apparatus and some study concerning the optomechanical components to be placed inside the cryostat

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Gorbunova, Yuliya V. "Dynamics of intracellular messenger interactions : slow cAMP oscillations and spontaneous calcium transients /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3022180.

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Malik, Naushin. "Designing to Support Spontaneous Purchase Decisions : Uncovering in situ social interactions while shopping". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-46710.

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Bogo, Gherardo <1985&gt. "Exploring Plant-Pollinator interactions: critical studies for the safeguard of wild Apoidea and spontaneous plant populations". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7562/1/bogo_gherardo_tesi.pdf.

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The study of plant-pollinator relationship and the degree of their specialization is among the most lively and debated issues in plant biology and ecology. The fates of plants and bee pollinators are strictly connected: the severe decline lately encountered by wild Apoidea, which in turn results in a lower pollination rate, trigger the so-called “extinction vortex” phenomenon. This study was finalized to improve knowledge on plant-pollinator interactions, in ecological context with conservation needs. Field work on the natural populations of Dictamnus albus allowed us to define practical methods for the joint protection of wild Apoidea and endangered plants applicable in several contexts. In order to define the pollinator importance of single taxa and of the whole pollinator guild of D. albus, an index distinguishing between potential (PPI) and realized (RPI) pollinator importance was created. Moreover, it was assessed the effect of some abiotic and biotic factors on the abundance and activity pattern of flower-visiting insect groups. Laboratory experiments on Gentiana lutea nectar pointed out a gender-specific amino acid solution preference in Bombus terrestris, one of the main pollinator of this plant, and confirm a negative influence of high amino acid concentration diet on insect mortality. The behavioural study showed that β-alanine may affect either positively or negatively bumble bees walking and flying activities depending on its concentration, and that GABA enriched solution greatly increase bumble bee survival time. Studies on B. terrestris colony development and reproductive strategies led to define an inbreeding risk index (IRI) for the colony and highlighted the lack of an inbreeding-avoidance system in this species. Finally, three years of rearing practice allowed to provide new guidance methods for diapause and deposition in bumble bee artificial rearing. In conclusion, this thesis may help to better understand of the complex world of plant-pollinator relationships.

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Seidler, Christopher Fabian. "Utterance- and phrase-initial parts of speech in German interactions and textbooks". Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20549.

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Master of Arts
Department of Modern Languages
Janice McGregor
The current study investigates phrase-initial parts of speech as found in intermediate German textbooks and compares these findings to utterance-initial parts of speech as found in spontaneous speech in German-language interactions. This is important, because learning and using German word order appears to be a struggle for German learners whose first language is English. Research has shown that possible word order realizations in a language are partly restricted by the parts of speech system of that language (Hengeveld, Rijkhoff, & Siewierska, 2004; Vulanovic & Köhler, 2009). This is important because English and German have different parts of speech systems (Hengeveld et. al., 2004; Hengeveld & van Lier, 2010). Doherty (2005) analyzed English to German translations of an international science magazine and found that almost every second sentence begins differently. Instead, this study looks at talk in contexts of use and compares these findings with textbook language because, in recent years, communicative approaches to language teaching have been adopted by a large number of US German language programs. One would thus expect that textbooks used in these classrooms would contain at least some input with constructions that are typical to contexts of use. The results of the study indicate that construction-initial parts of speech in textbooks and in contexts of use are quite different. These differences imply that if it is a communicative approach that is being promoted, textbook authors and German educators would do well to expose students to actual talk from contexts of use so that they might learn to make meaning based on considerations of context.

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Pollier, Anna. "Interactions entre végétation des habitats semi-naturels, pratiques agricoles et contrôle biologique des ravageurs des cultures - Optimisation de l'approche bande fleurie". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARC127/document.

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La dégradation des éléments semi-naturels du paysage agricoleet l’intensifi cation des pratiques agricoles ont conduit à l’altérationdes services écosystémiques. Une meilleure compréhensiondes mécanismes de la régulation des bioagresseurs permet ledéveloppement de systèmes agricoles économes en produitsphytosanitaires. Les espèces végétales des habitats semi-naturels,notamment des bordures de parcelles, peuvent constituerdes refuges et proposer des ressources pour les insectes inféodésaux cultures. La thèse vise à expliciter le rôle de la végétationdes bords de champ pour alimenter l’ingénierie agroécologique.Les analyses s’appuient sur des relevés botaniques et entomologiques,sur des enquêtes agronomiques, sur des relevésd’occupation des sols dans le paysage, ainsi que sur la mise enplace de mélanges d’espèces tests le long des cultures.Nous avons mis en évidence l’importance de la végétation spontanéede bordures et surtout du couvert des plantes entomophiles enfl eurs dans la régulation des ravageurs. En comparaison avec lepaysage entourant les parcelles, les facteurs locaux (pratiquesagricoles, fl ore des bordures) ont une plus grande infl uence surles populations des ravageurs. La mise en place d’une nouvelleméthode de marquage du nectar au 13C nous a permis de suivrel’alimentation et le déplacement de parasitoïdes. Les bandesfl euries optimisées pour la production des ressources fl oralesaméliorent la régulation des ravageurs. Les résultats obtenusdans ce travail permettent de formuler de nouvelles pistes degestion de l
The degradation of semi-natural habitats and land use intensifi cationhave resulted in a loss of ecosystem services. A better understandingof the mechanisms of crop herbivore regulation is neededto improve plant protection and to reduce insecticide treatments.Plant species of semi-natural habitats such as herbaceous fi eldmargins, provide shelter and food resources for crop insects. Thethesis aims to evaluate the role of the fi eld margin vegetation toimprove our knowledge on interaction with crop herbivores and naturalenemies and to optimise ecological engineering approaches.The studies are based on botanical and entomological surveys, onquestionnaire information (land use) and on landscape mapping.In one experiment we manipulated fi eld margin vegetation, to compareeffects of vegetation rich in fl oral resources with control treatments(spontaneous vegetaion, grass strips).We demonstrated theimportance of spontaneous vegetation, particularly the abundanceof fl owering entomophilous plants in regulating crop herbivores.Local factors such as land use intensity and fi eld margin vegetationhad a stronger infl uence on crop herbivores and natural enemiesthan landscape features. A new method of labelling soruce plantnectar with 13C sugar was tested to analyse nectar uptake andthe movements of parasitoids between fi eld margin and crop. Marginvegetation optimised for fl oral resource provisioning improvedregulation service. The results are discussed in terms of managementrecommendations for agri-envrionment schemes

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Gostner, Roswitha. "Spatially aware user interfaces for spontaneous interaction". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538586.

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Yang, Hyun Jung. "Grammar as interactional resources in spontaneous Korean conversations". Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3273718.

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Seyedi, Shila Seyedi. "QFT and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-425891.

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The aim of this project is to understand the structure of the Standard Model of the particle physics. Therefore quantum field theories (QFT) are studied in the both cases of abelian and non-abelian gauge theories i.e. quantum electrodynamics (QED), quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and electroweak interaction are reviewed. The solution to the mass problem arising in these theories i.e. spontaneous symmetry breaking is also studied.
Syftet med detta projekt är att förstå strukturen för partikelfysikens standardmodell. Därför studeras kvantfältsteorier (QFT) i båda fallen av abelska och icke-abelska gaugeteorier, dvs kvantelektrodynamik (QED), kvantkromodynamik (QCD) och elektrosvag växelverkan granskas. Lösningen på massproblemet som uppstår i dessa teorier, dvs. spontant symmetribrott studeras också.

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Hillier, Hilary Winifred. "The language of spontaneous interaction between children aged 7-12 : instigating action". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278821.

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Libros sobre el tema "SPONTANEOUS INTERACTIONS"

The Mouse Woman of Gabriola: Brain, mind and icon interactions in spontaneous healing. Gabriola, British Columbia, Canada: Coastal Tides Press, 2013.

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Micklus, C. Samuel. Creative interaction: Odyssey of the mind : long-term and spontaneous problems. [Gloucester City, N.J.]: Creative Competitions, 2003.

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Kucyi, Aaron. Pain and Spontaneous Thought. Editado por Kalina Christoff y Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.40.

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Pain is among the most salient of experiences, while also, curiously, being among the most malleable. A large body of research has revealed that a multitude of explicit strategies can be used to effectively alter the attention-demanding quality of acute and chronic pains and their associated neural correlates. However, thoughts that are spontaneous, rather than actively generated, are common in daily life, and so attention to pain can often temporally fluctuate because of ongoing self-generated experiences. Classic pain theories have largely neglected to account for unconstrained fluctuations in cognition, but new studies have demonstrated the behavioral relevance, putative neural basis, and individual variability of interactions between pain and spontaneous thoughts. This chapter reviews behavioral studies of ongoing fluctuations in attention to pain, studies of the neural basis of spontaneous mind-wandering away from pain, and the clinical implications of this research.

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Kreit, John W. Cardiovascular–Pulmonary Interactions. Editado por John W. Kreit. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190670085.003.0003.

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Intramural pressures within a tube or circuit determine the rate and direction of flow, whereas the transmural pressure of an elastic structure determines its volume. In Chapter 1, we applied these principles when talking about the pressure needed to overcome viscous forces and elastic recoil during ventilation. In this chapter, we use them to explain changes in blood flow between two portions of the circulatory system and changes in the volume and size of the heart chambers. Cardio–Pulmonary Interactions provides an overview of essential cardiovascular physiology as well as an in-depth discussion of how and why changes in pleural, alveolar, lung transmural, and intra-abdominal pressure during spontaneous and mechanical ventilation can alter right and left ventricular preload, afterload, and stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure. The chapter also reviews the beneficial and detrimental effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cardiovascular function.

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Lee, Jae Myeong y Michael R. Pinsky. Cardiovascular interactions in respiratory failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0087.

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Acute respiratory failure not only impairs gas exchange, but also stresses cardiovascular reserve by increasing the need for increased cardiac output (CO) to sustain O2 delivery in the face of hypoxaemia, increased O2 demand by the increased work of breathing and inefficient gas exchange, and increased right ventricular afterload due to lung collapse via hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Mechanical ventilation, though often reversing these processes by lung recruitment and improved arterial oxygenation, may also decrease CO by increasing right atrial pressure by either increasing intrathoracic pressure or lung over-distention by excess positive end-expiratory pressure or inadequate expiratory time causing acute cor pulmonale. Finally, spontaneous negative swings in intrathoracic pressure also increase venous return and impede left ventricular ejection thus increasing intrathoracic blood volume and often precipitating or worsening hydrostatic pulmonary oedema. Positive-pressure breathing has the opposite effects.

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Bryan H, Druzin. Part I How Practices Become Norms: The Continued Development of Shipping Law, 4 Spontaneous Standardization and the New Lex Maritima. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757948.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the processes whereby shipping law may converge internationally in the absence of state intervention. It outlines a theory explaining such convergence through the operation of network effects. The theory is based on the argument that because legal standards are instruments that facilitate interaction with a larger group, the inherent value of a legal standard as a means to that end increases with the number of other people who also subscribe to and employ the same legal standard. Therefore, a particular standard emerges as the dominant standard as it becomes more widely used for such interactions, and the number of people adopting it in turn also increases. The chapter argues that shipping law is especially susceptible to network effects because it exhibits particularly high levels of interaction across the globe. These effects therefore form a good explanation for standardization of shipping norms.

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Beaty, Roger E. y Rex E. Jung. Interacting Brain Networks Underlying Creative Cognition and Artistic Performance. Editado por Kalina Christoff y Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.10.

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Cognitive neuroscience research has begun to address the potential interaction of brain networks supporting creativity by employing new methods in brain network science. Network methods offer a significant advance compared to individual region of interest studies due to their ability to account for the complex and dynamic interactions among discrete brain regions. As this chapter demonstrates, several recent studies have reported a remarkably similar pattern of brain network connectivity across a range of creative tasks and domains. In general, such work suggests that creative thought may involve dynamic interactions, primarily between the default and control networks, providing key insights into the roles of spontaneous and controlled processes in creative cognition. The chapter summarizes this emerging body of research and proposes a framework designed to account for the joint influence of controlled and spontaneous thought processes in creativity.

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Iliopoulos, John. Spontaneously Broken Symmetries. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805175.003.0005.

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In this chapter we present the solution to the problem of mass. It is based on the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB). We first give the example of buckling, a typical example of spontaneous symmetry breaking in classical physics. We extract the main features of the phenomenon, namely the instability of the symmetric state and the degeneracy of the ground state. The associated concepts of the critical point and the order parameter are deduced. A more technical exposition is given in a separate section. Then we move to a quantum physics example, that of the Heisenberg ferromagnet. We formulate Goldstone’s theorem which associates a massless particle, the Goldstone boson, to the phenomenon of spontaneous symmetry breaking. In the last section we present the mechanism of Brout–Englert–Higgs (BEH). We show that spontaneous symmetry breaking in the presence of gauge interactions makes it possible for particles to become massive. The remnant of the mechanism is the appearance of a physical particle, the BEH boson, which we identify with the particle discovered at CERN.

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Small, Mario Luis. Because They Were There. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190661427.003.0007.

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This chapter examines how much the graduate students’ decisions about approaching confidants were deliberative as opposed to spontaneous—whether they assessed pros and cons before deciding whom to ask or instead spontaneously spilled their emotions on the spot. It first considers the standard assumption in theories of purposive action across the social sciences that deliberation precedes action. It then discusses three decisions that a person inherently makes when he or she mobilizes his or her network: to seek help, to select a confidant, and to activate the tie. The chapter suggests that the extent to which their activation decisions were incidental or spontaneous, rather than reflective, depended in part on the context of students’ interactions with others. It argues that students often found themselves confiding in someone not because they had planned it, but simply because the confidant was present and available when needed.

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Tiwari, Sandip. Phase transitions and their devices. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0004.

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Phase transitions as a collective response of an ensemble, with appearance of unique stable properties spontaneously, is critical to a variety of devices: electronic, magnetic, optical, and their coupled forms. This chapter starts with a discussion of broken symmetry and its manifestation in the property changes in thermodynamic phase transition and the Landau mean-field articulation. It then follows it with an exploration of different phenomena and their use in devices. The first is ferroelectricity—spontaneous electric polarization—and its use in ferroelectric memories. Electron correlation effects are explored, and then conductivity transition from electron-electron and electron-phonon coupling and its use in novel memory and device forms. This is followed by development of an understanding of spin correlations and interactions and magnetism—spontaneous magnetic polarization. The use and manipulation of the magnetic phase transition in disk drives, magnetic and spin-torque memory as well as their stability is explored. Finally, as a fourth example, amorphous-crystalline structural transition in optical, electronic, and optoelectronic form are analyzed. This latter’s application include disk drives and resistive memories in the form of phase-change as well as those with electochemical transport.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "SPONTANEOUS INTERACTIONS"

Dodd, John N. "The Semiclassical Description of Spontaneous Decay". En Atoms and Light: Interactions, 105–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9331-4_10.

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Jones, Kenneth, Arnold Tubis, Glenis R. Long, Edward M. Burns y Elizabeth A. Strickland. "Interactions Among Multiple Spontaneous Otoacoustic Emissions". En Lecture Notes in Biomathematics, 266–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50038-1_33.

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Khanna, F. C., H. X. He y H. Umezawa. "Spontaneous-Symmetry Breaking and Gamow-Teller States". En Spin and Isospin in Nuclear Interactions, 195–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3834-9_17.

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Mittleman, Marvin H. "Spontaneous Radiation by Atoms in Lasers". En Introduction to the Theory of Laser-Atom Interactions, 69–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2436-0_4.

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Heulitt, Mark y Steven M. Donn. "Monitoring Interactions Between Spontaneous Respiration and Mechanical Inflations". En Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation, 473–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01219-8_15.

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Schell, Mark A., Daniel P. Roberts y Timothy P. Denny. "Analysis of the Spontaneous Mutation to Avirulence by Pseudomonas Solanacearum". En Molecular genetics of plant-microbe interactions, 61–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4482-4_13.

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Zika, Alexander, Anja Krieger y Franziska Gröhn. "Nano-Objects by Spontaneous Electrostatic Self-Assembly in Aqueous Solution". En Supramolecular Assemblies Based on Electrostatic Interactions, 119–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00657-9_5.

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Navarretta, Costanza y Magdalena Lis. "Multimodal Behaviours in Comparable Danish and Polish Human-Human Triadic Spontaneous Interactions". En Human-Computer Interaction. Advanced Interaction Modalities and Techniques, 462–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07230-2_44.

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Edelstein-Keshet, Leah. "Patterns Formed Through Cell-Cell Interactions: Spontaneous Selection of Dominant Directions". En Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Biological Pattern Formation, 211–21. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2433-5_19.

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Shibasaki, Yasuhiro, Kotaro Funakoshi y Koichi Shinoda. "Boredom Recognition Based on Users’ Spontaneous Behaviors in Multiparty Human-Robot Interactions". En MultiMedia Modeling, 677–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51811-4_55.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "SPONTANEOUS INTERACTIONS"

Raj Prabhu, Navin, Chirag Raman y Hayley Hung. "Defining and Quantifying Conversation Quality in Spontaneous Interactions". En ICMI '20: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIMODAL INTERACTION. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3395035.3425966.

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Pérez, Pavel Fileviez, Sogee Spinner, George Alverson, Pran Nath y Brent Nelson. "TeV Scale Spontaneous R-Parity Violation". En SUSY09: 7th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3327664.

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Ishiduki, M., S. G. Kim, N. Maekawa, K. Sakurai, Pyungwon Ko y Deog Ki Hong. "SUSY CP problem and spontaneous CP violation in SUSY GUT". En SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3051958.

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Zaupa, Dante, Cristiano Costa, Jessica Silva, Jorge Barbosa y Adenauer Yamin. "Implementing a Spontaneous Social Network for Managing Ubiquitous Interactions". En 2012 13th Symposium on Computer Systems - XIII Simp sio de Sistemas Computacionais (WSCAD-SSC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wscad-ssc.2012.19.

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Yu, Jue, Jiena Chen, Shengyi Wu y Ye Feng. "Disfluency in Chinese L2 Spontaneous Speech: Patterns and Interactions". En 9th International Conference on Speech Prosody 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/speechprosody.2018-174.

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Kim, Byoungoh, Gonzalo Huerta-Canepa y Dongman Lee. "Urban Radar: An Enabler for Place-Aware Spontaneous Interactions". En 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT) / 2011 IEEE Third Int'l Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/passat/socialcom.2011.115.

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Qiao, Gu. "Interactions of laser radiation with a biological cell". En International Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ils.1986.fb6.

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Using the Maxwell electromagnetic theory, eigenmodes in a biological cell such as a spherical optical cavity consisting of a spherical medium and its interface with surrounding medium are revealed, each of which can take the form of vector spherical harmonics. The expression for the light field within the biological cell exposed to laser radiation with a planar wavefront is ascertained when taking account of these eigenmodes. Furthermore, the internal medium with absorption loss may intensely affect the light field. Finally, some properties of coherent radiation within the cell are analyzed; essential conclusions are as follows: (1) There are good eigenmodes within the cell to use as a spherical cavity with high-Q value. (2) Within the cell small, spontaneous emissions, such as incoherent spontaneous emission, superradiance and spontaneous emission, superradiance and spontaneous Raman re-scattering may be amplified. (3) With a strong internal field, it is possible that some nonlinear optical effects are induced. (4) The above-mentioned coherent radiations within the cell may be utilized for communication within the biological system; they possibly transfer genetic information.

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Zielinski, Stephen M., Anthony A. Sansone y Rusi P. Taleyarkhan. "Melt-Water Explosive Interactions: Triggering and Suppression". En ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10258.

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Under appropriate thermal-hydraulic conditions the combination of a hot fluid (e.g., molten metals) and a cold vaporizing fluid (e.g. water) can be made to undergo spontaneous or externally assisted (e.g., via trigger shock) onset of explosive interactions (via destabilization of the interfacial vapor layer) and resulting in rapid heat transfer, phase change, pressure buildup and melt fragmentation. Energetic melt-water explosions are a well-established contributor to the risk of nuclear reactor systems such as the infamous Chernobyl Accident. The prevention of triggering of such interactions in nuclear systems is of paramount importance. However, once the fundamentals are understood, it may be possible to not only intensify but more importantly, to control the intensity of the interaction. The control and intensification of explosive interactions can become of considerable importance in the areas covering variable thrust propulsion with tailored pressure profiles, for enhancing rapid heat transfer, and also for powder metallurgy (i.e., supercooled powder production in which the resulting materials may turn super-plastic with enhanced ductility and strength). This paper discusses results of experiments conducted with various molten metals specifically, tin, galinstan and aluminum interacting with water, with and without non-condensable gases such as hydrogen. It is found that under the appropriate combination of conditions, spontaneous and energetic liquid water to vapor phase changes can be readily introduced within milliseconds if the hot metal fluid is tin or galinstan (but not for aluminum) including the timed feedback of shocks generated from earlier explosions leading to chain-type reaction fronts propagating through mixtures. Using 3–10 g metal masses of tin or galinstan spontaneously exploding in water, shock over-pressures up to 12 bar (175 psig) were monitored about 4 cm from the explosion zone, accompanied with mechanical shock power levels of about 2 kW. A previously slow phase change process (viz., normal metal quenching) occurring over tens of seconds could be turned explosive to transpire within milliseconds for melt-water thermal states within the so-called thermal interaction zone (TIZ). However, it was also conclusively revealed that, for an otherwise spontaneously explosive combination of tin-water or galinstan-water, the inclusion of even trace (0.3 w/o) quantities of aluminum which generates monoatomic non-condensable gas in the interfacial layer is found to have a radical influence on stabilizing the interfacial vapor layer between hot fluid and cold fluid, thereby ensuring conclusive (100% of time) prevention of explosion triggering for all cases tested. This paper compares and presents the results obtained in this study along with insights into energetics, with gram quantity melt droplets and draws analogies with data taken for industrial scale aluminum casthouse safety conditions involving thousands of kilograms of melt. Insights drawn for adaption to industrial settings are provided for enabling physics-based prevention or initiation.

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Nishino, Hiroyuki, Pyungwon Ko y Deog Ki Hong. "Spontaneous SUSY breaking with anomalous U(1) symmetry by meta-stable vacuum". En SUPERSYMMETRY AND THE UNIFICATION OF FUNDAMENTAL INTERACTIONS. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3051992.

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Allison, Fraser, Ewa Luger y Katja Hofmann. "Spontaneous Interactions with a Virtually Embodied Intelligent Assistant in Minecraft". En CHI '17: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3027063.3053266.

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Informes sobre el tema "SPONTANEOUS INTERACTIONS"

Decker, Franz-Josef. Observation of Spontaneous Emitted X-ray Betatron Radiation in Beam-Plasma Interactions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/800077.

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Chamovitz, A. Daniel y Georg Jander. Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597917.bard.

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Genetic and biochemical analysis of glucosinolate breakdown: The effects of indole-3-carbinol on plant physiology and development Glucosinolates are a class of defense-related secondary metabolites found in all crucifers, including important oilseed and vegetable crops in the Brassica genus and the well-studied model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Upon tissue damage, such as that provided by insect feeding, glucosinolates are subjected to catalysis and spontaneous degradation to form a variety of breakdown products. These breakdown products typically have a deterrent effect on generalist herbivores. Glucosinolate breakdown products also contribute to the anti-carcinogenic effects of eating cabbage, broccoli and related cruciferous vegetables. Indole-3-carbinol, a breakdown product of indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate, forms conjugates with several other plant metabolites. Although some indole-3-carbinol conjugates have known functions in defense against herbivores and pathogens, most play as yet unidentified roles in plant metabolism, and possibly also plant development. At the outset, our proposal had three main hypotheses: (1) There is a specific detoxification pathway for indole-3-carbinol; (2) Metabolites derived from indole-3-carbinol are phloem-mobile and serve as signaling molecules; and (3) Indole-3-carbinol affects plant cell cycle and cell-differentiation pathways. The experiments were designed to enable us to elucidate how indole-3-carbinol and related metabolites affect plants and their interactions with herbivorous insects. We discovered that indole-3- carbinol rapidly and reversibly inhibits root elongation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition is accompanied by a loss of auxin activity in the root meristem. A direct interaction between indole-3-carbinol and the auxin perception machinery was suggested, as application of indole-3-carbinol rescued auxin-induced root phenotypes. In vitro and yeast-based protein interaction studies showed that indole-3-carbinol perturbs the auxin-dependent interaction of TIR1 with Aux/IAA proteins, supporting the notion that indole-3-carbinol acts as an auxin antagonist. Furthermore, transcript profiling experiments revealed the influence of indole-3-carbinol on auxin signaling in root tips, and indole-3-carbinol also affected auxin transporters. Brief treatment with indole-3-carbinol led to a reduction in the amount of PIN1 and to mislocalization of PIN2. The results indicate that chemicals induced by herbivory, such as indole-3-carbinol, function not only to repel herbivores, but also as signaling molecules that directly compete with auxin to fine tune plant growth and development, which implies transport of indole-3- carbinol that we are as yet unsuccessful in detecting. Our results indicate that plant defensive metabolites also have secondary functions in regulating aspects of plant metabolism, thereby providing diversity in defense-related plant signaling pathways. Such diversity of of signaling by defensive metabolites would be beneficial for the plant, as herbivores and pathogens would be less likely to mount effective countermeasures. We propose that growth arrest can be mediated directly by the herbivory-induced chemicals, in our case, indole-3-carbinol. Thus, glucosinolate breakdown to I3C following herbivory would have two outcomes: (1) Indole-3-carbinaol would inhibit the herbivore, while (2) at the same time inducing growth arrest within the plant. Thus, our results indicate that I3C is a defensive phytohormone that modulates auxin signaling, leading to growth arrest.

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Barefoot, Susan, Benjamin Juven, Thomas Hughes, Avraham Lalazar, A. B. Bodine, Yitzhak Ittah y Bonita Glatz. Characterization of Bacteriocins Produced by Food Bioprocessing Propionobacteria. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto de 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7561061.bard.

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Objectives were to further characterize activity spectra of dairy propionibacteria bacteriocins, jenseniin G and propionicin PLG-1, purify them, examine the role of cell walls in resistance, examine their interactions with cytoplasmic membrane, explain producer immunity, and clone the responsible genes. Inhibitory spectra of both bacteriocins were further characterized. Propionicin was most effective in controlling Gram-positive, rather than Gram-negative organisms; it controlled growth of sensitive cells both in a culture medium and a model food system. Jenseniin inhibited yogurt cultures and may help prevent yogurt over-acidification. Both were active against botulinal spores; jenseniin was sporostatic; propionicin was sporicidal. Jenseniin was produced in broth culture, was stable to pH and temperature extremes, and was purified. Its molecular mass (3649 Da) and partial amino acid composition (74%) were determined. A blocked jenseniin N-terminus prevented sequencing. Methods to produce propionicin in liquid culture were improved, and large scale culture protocols to yield high titers were developed. Methods to detect and quantify propionicin activity were optimized and standardized. Stability of partially purified propionicin was demonstrated and an improved purification scheme was developed. Purified propionicin had a 9328-Da molecular mass, contained 99 amino acids, and was significantly hydrophobic; ten N-terminal amino acids were identified. Propionicin and Jenseniin interacted with cytoplasmic membranes; resistance of insensitive species was cell wall-related. Propionicin and jenseniin acted similarly; their mode of action appeared to differ from nisin. Spontaneous jenseniin-resistant mutants were resistant to propionicin but nisin-sensitive. The basis for producer immunity was not resolved. Although bacteriocin genes were not cloned, a jenseniin producer DNA clone bank and three possible vectors for cloning genes in propionibacteria were constructed. In addition, transposon Tn916 was conjugatively transferred to the propionicin producer from chromosomal and plasmid locations at transfer frequencies high enough to permit use of Tn916 for insertional mutagenesis or targeting genes in propionibacteria. The results provide information about the bacteriocins that further supports their usefulness as adjuncts to increase food safety and/or quality.

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Syvash, Kateryna. AUDIENCE FEEDBACK AS AN ELEMENT OF PARASOCIAL COMMUNICATION WITH SCREEN MEDIA-PERSONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11062.

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Parasocial communication is defined as an illusory and one-sided interaction between the viewer and the media person, which is analogous to interpersonal communication. Among the classic media, television has the greatest potential for such interaction through a combination of audio and visual series and a wide range of television content – from newscasts to talent shows. Viewers’ reaction to this product can be seen as a defining element of parasociality and directly affect the popularity of a media person and the ratings of the TV channel. In this article we will consider feedback as part of parasocial communication and describe ways to express it in times of media transformations. The psychological interaction «media person – viewer» had been the focus of research by both psychologists and media experts for over 60 years. During the study, scientists described the predictors, functions, manifestations and possible consequences of paracommunication. One of the key elements of the formed parasocial connections is the real audience reaction. Our goal is to conceptualize the concept of feedback in the paradigm of parasocial communication and describe the main types of reactions to the media person in long-term parasocial relationships. The research focuses on the ways in which the viewer’s feedback on the television media person is expressed, bypassing the issue of classifying the audience’s feedback as «positive» and «negative». For this purpose, more than 20 interdisciplinary scientific works on the issue of parasocial interaction were analyzed and their generalization was carried out. Based on previous research, the types and methods of feedback in the television context are separated. With successful parasocial interaction, the viewer can react in different ways to the media person. The type of feedback will directly depend on the strength of the already established communication with the media person. We distinguish seven types of feedback and divide them into those that occur during or after a television show; those that are spontaneous or planned; aimed directly at the media person or third parties. We offer the following types of feedback from TV viewers: «talking to the TV»; telling about the experience of parasocial communication to others; following on social networks; likes and comments; imitation of behavior and appearance; purchase of recommended brands; fanart.

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