Tesis sobre el tema "Spectrosocpy"
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Carneiro, Leandro de Bispo [UNESP]. "Detecção do peptídeo p17 (HIV) baseado em SERS (Surface-enhanced Raman Spectrosocpy)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138424.
Texto completoA espectroscopia de Raman intensificada por superfície (SERS, termo em inglês Surfaceenhanced Raman Spectroscopy) é uma técnica promissora que mostra a sensibilidade para a detecção da interação de biomoléculas que são importantes para detecção precoce de doenças. O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) têm sido um grande problema por várias décadas. Existem vários métodos de deteção baseados na interação específica de anticorpos, tais como, o ELISA e os testes rápidos (TR's). No entanto, novas estratégias têm sido desenvolvidas para rápido diagnóstico do vírus HIV, e uma prova de conceito de detecção do peptídeo p17-1 foi descrito neste trabalho. A proteina matriz p17 é uma essencial proteína no ciclo de replicação do vírus HIV. As fases iniciais da replicação do vírus envolve a pré integração do complexo do DNA no núcleo do p17 desempenhando um papel na ligação de RNA viral e transporte para a membrana. Neste trabalho foram descritos duas plataformas SERS para a detecção do vírus HIV baseado no peptide p17 -1 (sequência LSGGELDRWEKIRLPGG). O anticorpo foi imobilizado em um substrato de ouro usando duas diferentes camadas automontadas (SAM). A primeira SAM, os substratos de ouro foram imersos em uma solução aquosa de 11 mercaptoundecanóico (MUA). Na segunda SAM, os substratos foram imersos em uma mistura aquosa de politietileno glicol (SHPEG- COOH e SH-PEG-CH3). Aqui serão chamados de SAM-MUA e SAM-PEG, respectivamente. Ambas as SAM's foram imersas emu ma solução de anticorpo (anti-p17) e foram descritas como plataforma d captura MUA e PEG. Ambas plataformas foram funcionalizadas com o peptídeo p17-1. Sondas SERS foram preparadas com nanopartículas de ouro e revestidas com uma molécula Raman reporter (azul de Nilo A) e funcionalizadas com um anticorpo anti-p17. Estas estruturas (sonda SERS e plataformas de captura) formam um ensaio sanduíche...
Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technique offers great promises for simplified and sensitive detection of biomolecular interactions that are relevant for early disease diagnostics. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been a problem for decades. There are several methods of diagnostics based on antibodies specific reactions, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and rapid test (RT). However, new strategies have been developed for rapid HIV diagnostics and, as a proof-of-concept, peptide p17-1 was considered here. The matrix protein p17 is a structural protein that is essential in the life cycle of the retrovirus The early stages of the virus replication involve the pre integration of the DNA complex into the nucleus P17 plays a role in RNA viral binding and transport to the membrane. Here were describe two new SERS platform for HIV detection based on peptide p17-1 (sequence LSGGELDRWEKIRLPGG). The antibody anti-p17 was immobilized in a planar gold surface using two differents self-assembled (SAM) techniques. First SAM, were obtained by immersion of the surface into ethanolic solution of 11-Mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). Second SAM were obtained by immersion in aqueous solution aquous mixtures of (SH-PEG-COOH/SH-PEG-CH3) and polyethylene glycol (PEG,). Here were describe the two platforms as SAM-MUA and SAMPEG, respectively. Both SAM's were immersed in a solution containing the anti-p17. Samples at this step were called capture platform-MUA and capture platform-PEG. Both capture platforms were funcionalizated with the peptide p17-1. SERS probes were prepared with gold nanoparticles coated with a Raman reporter molecule (Nile Blue A) and, functionalized with an anti-p17. These structures (SERS probe and capture platforms) allow for a sandwich assay, a strategy regularly used for high-sensitivity detection. The light blue color in the SERS mapping represents peptide strong...
Öijerholm, Johan. "Ionic transport of α-alumina below 1000°C : an in-situ impedance spectrosocpy study". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Materials Science and Engineering, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-338.
Texto completoIonic conductivity of metal oxides is critical for the function of a broad range of different components, such as electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells and alloys designed for high temperature applications. In both cases the ionic conductivity can be studied by in situ impedance spectroscopy, which is also able to reveal information on the dielectric properties of the metal oxides, and in some cases the influence of their microstructure. The focus of this thesis is on impedance spectroscopy measurements of α-alumina in the temperature range 400-1000 °C. This metal oxide has found extensive use as the protective scale on heat resistant alloys. Some unpublished work on oxygen ion conductivity of yttria-stabilized zirconia is also included.
The low electrical conductivity of α-alumina can be a source for errors and misinterpretations during impedance spectroscopy measurements. A major disturbance originates from leakage currents that appear in the experimental setup. These leakage currents are due to conduction through the gas phase around the sample, conduction on the sample surface, or poor insulation in the sample holder. It was shown that below 700 °C, conduction on the sample surface could severely distort the measurement. The magnitude of the distortions appeared to be sensitive to the type of electrodes used. The use of a so-called guard electrode was shown to effectively block the surface conduction in the measurements.
Conductivity of metal oxides is known to be dependent on their microstructure. Generally it is believed that ionic conductivity is favoured along grain boundaries and dislocations. The influence of microstructure on conductivity was studied for α-alumina in the temperature range 400-1000 °C. The conductivity of a series of highly pure and dense samples with narrow grain size distributions was measured by impedance spectroscopy. It appeared that the activation energy for conduction increased with decreasing grain size.
Results based purely on impendence spectroscopy have some inherently weaknesses. For instance no information on the nature of the charge carrier can be found. Therefore the charge transport in single crystalline α-alumina was simulated by the molecular dynamics method. The results from the simulation were then compared to results from impedance measurements on single crystalline α-alumina. From the simulation it turned out that diffusion of aluminium ions had lower activation energy than diffusion of oxygen. The activation energy of oxygen was close to the measured activation energy, and the mobility of oxygen was higher than for aluminium. Therefore the dominating charge carrier was suggested to be oxygen ions.
Gravestijn, Bob. "Importance of radial profiles in spectroscopic diagnostics applied to the EXTRAP-T2R reversed-field pinch". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Physics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3656.
Texto completoThe determination of the plasma confinement propertiesdemand data as the electron temperature, the ionic and electrondensity profiles and the radiative emissivity profiles. Thefocus of this thesis is the importance of radial profiles inspectroscopic diagnostics applied to the EXTRAP-T2Rreversed-field pinch.
EXTRAP-T2R is a resistive shell reversed-field pinch with amagnetic field shell penetration time much longer than therelaxation cycle time scale. Significant improvements inconfinement properties derived by quantitative plasmaspectroscopy in the vacuum ultraviolet are observed compared tothe previous device EXTRAP-T2. The low level of magneticturbulence and the good magnetic surfaces in the edge regionexplain this observed improvement. A current profile controlexperiment reduces the stochastic transport, which is connectedto the dynamo, and improves the confinement in EXTRAP-T2R evenmore.
A comparison of the electron temperature estimated by usinga ratio of line intensities from the same ionization stage ofoxygen and the Thomson scattering system shows that thedifference is explained by the different spatial dependence ofthe excited state populations and the corresponding emissivityof these spectral lines. A collisional radiative model givesestimates for radial profiles of impurities which are notmeasured in EXTRAP-T2R. The estimated profiles can in turn beused to determine the radial profile of the effective ioncharge, the emissivity and finally the radiative power. Asinput, the model uses radial profiles.
Neutral hydrogen is predominantly present in the boundaryregion of the plasma. Spectroscopic investigations in this areashow very asymmetric spectral lines of hydrogen due to themovement of atoms. The velocity of the hydrogen atoms dependson the type of plasma-wall interaction and their measurementhelps to identify the different interaction processes. Theexistence of hydrogen molecules in the edge complicates theinterpretation of the line shapes and on the determination ofthe particle confinement time.
Keywords:Reversed-field pinch, EXTRAP-T2R, quantitativeplasma spectroscopy, VUV spectroscopy, line-integrated electrontemperature, oxygen, profiles, confinement properties, powerbalance, hydrogen, particle confinement time.
Filho, Pedro Bertemes. "Tissue characterisation using an impedance spectrosopy probe". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251204.
Texto completoDong, Sunny Ronald. "The investigation of indium halides and graphite intercalation compounds using time-differential perturbed angular correlation gamma-ray spectrosocopy". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28375.
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Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
Arenas, Daniel J. "Devices and materials for THz spectrosopy [sic] GHz CMOS circuits, periodic hole-arrays and high-frequency dielectric materials /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024735.
Texto completoNicoli, François. "Etude du liquide cephalorachidien par spectrosocpie de resonance magnetique du proton : problemes methodologiques et applications cliniques". Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20208.
Texto completoTiret, Brice. "Développements méthodologiques en RMN des noyaux X pour l’étude in vivo du métabolisme cérébral pendant la neurodégénérescence". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS221.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to develop at MIRCen new capabilities to observe two key aspects of energy metabolism in rodent brains using X nuclei NMR spectroscopy: glucose consumption with 13C spectroscopy and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis with 31P measurements. These developments will be used to both expand general understanding of brain metabolism in healthy subjects but also provide technical tools to search for biomarkers in translational projects of drug development applied to neurodegenerative diseases. This work was done at very high field (11.7T) where signal to noise could be maximized. In the first part, we present the optimization of saturation transfer sequence to measure ATP synthesis rate as well as phosphocreatine (PCr) synthesis rate. With ISIS module, the signal was localized to a voxel containing only the brain, eliminating outside source of signal. With the higher spectral resolution offered by high fields, a second, extracellular pool of Pi was characterized which could prevent possible biases in flux quantification of ATP synthesis. This sequence was also applied to measure metabolic adaptation of BACHD rat models (models of Huntington’s disease, HD) where it was found that the 10% increase in PCr concentration could palliate the ATP synthase activity that is halved in this model. In the second part, we present how deeper analysis of 13C data using automatic differential equation writing script was used to better understand the bicompartmental model of glucose degradation to glutamate and glutamine, which accounts for TCA cycle in neurons and astrocytes. Two major corrections were made to the traditional model, to fit mid- and long-term unexplained dynamics. Looking at glutamate and glutamine isotopomer labeling dynamics, the necessity of adding a vesicular glutamate temporal buffer was made evident. The distinction between astrocytic and neuronal pyruvate dilution also showed that astrocytes use up to 6 times more pyruvate than neurons showing intricate metabolic coupling between the two cell types. These results have then been tested in vivo after optimization of the ISIS-DEPT sequence to observe 13C labeling in the rat brain. Finally, experiments combining 31P and 13C spectroscopy were performed on rats chronically intoxicated with 3-NP, a toxin inhibiting TCA cycle which is used as a model of HD
Travaillé, Grégoire. "Spectroscopie LIBS sans calibration : évaluation critique et application à l’analyse de sols pollués". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14143/document.
Texto completoDespite the existence of many benchmarked spectrochemical analysis techniques in the field of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), the quantitative analysis holds of the laser induced plasma still holds a huge number of analytical drawbacks, the occurrence of matrix effects not being the slightest among those ones.Calibration-Free LIBS was historically developped to address specifically those aspects, and has already reached a high level of maturation for the analysis of simple metallic or soil samples. Unfortynately, in spite of the strong assumptions that need to be necesserily considered in the CF-LIBS algorithm (such as Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium, and the homogeneity and stationnarity of the plasma), only a few number of contributions have been devoted to the critical assessment of the latter postulates to date. Thanks to the help of several case tests and theoretical (collisionnal-radiative model depicting aluminum, argon and cadmium plasmas) and experimental concepts originating from the field of plasma physics (Thomson-Scattering experiments intended to validate our results), we will focus our study on the research and development of novel experimental criteria that would allow an experimentalist to set up and analyze a CF-LIBS experiment in the least unfavourable theoretical and experimental conditions.We will eventually apply our new considerations on the prediction of the CF-LIBS analysis efficiency, coming to the specific field of interest of analysis of geophysical samples (such as soils polluted by heavy metals). A special interest will be paid on the latest developments appearing nowadays in the field of LIBS, and devote a part of our debate on the expectancies that will have to be fulfilled in order to highen the analysis potential of LIBS
Ditto, Jeffrey. "Characterization of the Local Structure and Composition of Low Dimensional Heterostructures and Thin Films". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20434.
Texto completoSjöqvist, Jonas. "Light interactions in flexible conjugated dyes". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Beräkningsfysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109011.
Texto completoHess, Euodia. "Boron-doped Diamond Sensors for the Determination of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Media". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5310_1305022937.
Texto completoIn electrochemical oxidation treatment of wastewater, the electrode material is an important parameter in optimizing oxidative electrochemical processes, since the mechanism and products of several anodic reactions are known to depend on the anode material. The electrochemical oxidation of benzaldehyde, nitrobenzene and m-cresol on bare boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was investigated. Cytochrome c was then electrochemically immobilsed onto the functionalized BDD electrode by cyclic voltammetry. Oxidation and reduction reaction mechanism of each flavonoid was studied. There was one oxidation and reduction peaks for quercitin and catechin respectively, and two oxidation and two reduction peaks for rutin. The cytochrome c modified BDD electrode showed good sensitivity for all three flavonoids and low detection limits i.e. 0.42 to 11.24 M as evaluated at oxidation and reduction peaks, respectively.
Seder, Colomina Marina. "Sphaerotilus natans, a neutrophilic iron-related filamentous bacterium : mechanisms of uranium scavenging". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1070/document.
Texto completoHeavy metals and radionuclides are present in some ecosystems worldwide due to natural contaminations or anthropogenic activities. The use of microorganisms to restore those polluted ecosystems, a process known as bioremediation, is of increasing interest, especially under near-neutral pH conditions. Iron minerals encrusting neutrophilic iron-related bacteria, especially Bacteriogenic Iron Oxides (BIOS), have a poorly crystalline structure, which in addition to their large surface area and reactivity make them excellent scavengers for inorganic pollutants. In this PhD work we studied the different mechanisms of uranium scavenging by the neutrophilic bacterium Sphaerotilus natans, chosen as a model bacterium for iron-related sheath-forming filamentous microorganisms. S. natans can grow as single cells and filaments. The latter were used to investigate U(VI) biosorption and U(VI) sorption onto BIOS. In addition, uranium sorption onto the abiotic analogues of such iron minerals was assessed. In order to use S. natans filaments for U(VI) scavenging, it was necessary to identify factors inducing S. natans filamentation. The influence of oxygen was ascertained by using molecular biology techniques and our results revealed that while saturated oxygen conditions resulted in single cell growth, a moderate oxygen depletion to ~ 3 mg O2.L-1 led to the desired filamentous growth of S. natans. BIOS attached to S. natans filaments as well as the abiotic analogues were analysed by XAS at Fe K-edge. Both materials were identified as amorphous iron(III) phosphates with a small component of Fe(II), with a high reactivity towards scavenging of inorganic pollutants. In addition, EXAFS at the U LIII-edge revealed a common structure for the O shells, while those for P, Fe and C were different for each sorbent. An integrated approach combining experimental techniques and speciation calculations made it possible to describe U(VI) adsorption isotherms by using a surface complexation model. These results suggested the role of phosphoryl and carboxyl groups as the main functional groups involved in the U(VI) biosorption by S. natans. The results of this PhD work will help to better understand the processes governing U(VI) immobilization, either by S. natans biosorption, sorption onto BIOS or sorption onto iron phosphates, an thus the fate of uranium in near-neutral pH environments
Chandran, Sriram R. "Ultrasound-Assisted Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy : Recovery of Local Dynamics and Mechanical Properties in Soft Condensed Matter Materials". Thesis, 2016. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2753.
Texto completoChandran, Sriram R. "Ultrasound-Assisted Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy : Recovery of Local Dynamics and Mechanical Properties in Soft Condensed Matter Materials". Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/2753.
Texto completoIbrahim, Ossama [Verfasser]. "Applications on ground-based tropospheric measurements using multi-axis differential optical absorption spectrosopy / presented by Ossama Ibrahim". 2009. http://d-nb.info/994542291/34.
Texto completoBenford, Melodie Elane. "Development of a Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Platform Technology to Detect Cardiac Biomarkers of Myocardial Infarction". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149427.
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