Tesis sobre el tema "Spectroscopie à relaxation diélectrique"
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Jankowska-Sumara, Irena. "Dielectric relaxation, electrostrictive properties and Raman light scattering in PbZrO3 and PbHfO3 single crystals pure and doped with small amount of PbTiO3". Metz, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1997/Jankowska_Sumara.Irena.SMZ9751.pdf.
Texto completoThe research concerns a study of the dielectric relaxation, the electrostrictive properties and the Raman light scattering of two lead based and titanium doped perovskites : the PbZrO3 system, pure and weakly Ti doped ; the PbHfO3 system, pure and weakly Ti doped. These systems have the common characteristics to exhibit one (for PbZrO3) structural phase transitions towards antiferroelectric phases (AFE). The aim of the thesis is to study experimentally and theoretically the phase transitions exhibited by these two systems, and especially those leading to the AFE phases, and to understand their mechanisms. In order to reach these objectives, dielectric relaxation, electrostrictive and light scattering measurements have been performed in a temperature range from 10 K to 700 K and for frequencies from 10Hz to 10 MHz for the dielectric and electrostricitve investigations. The measurements have been performed on monocristals of PbZrO3 and PbHfO3 pure or lightly (about 1%) Ti doped. The thesis is constitued by four parts, each of it detailing the various phases of the study. The first part, devoted to a recall of the dielectric and structural properties, states the scientific purpose of the investigation. The second chapter is concerned with the dielectric behaviour of the systems. Starting from theoretical elements necessary to understand the susceptibility functions of insulating materials and based on the experimental disposal used in the investigations, this part details the main experimental data obtained. A strong relaxation has been evidenced at low-frequency and is attributed to electro-chemical processes. The samples also present a significant dielectric dispersion in the kHz range interpreted to be due to impurities and disorder in the oxygen sublattice. The third chapter of the thesis describes the electromechanical studies and shows appearance, simultaneously with dipolar relaxation, of dispersions due to electrostrictive deformations. The last part, concerned with a systematic Raman light scattering study, shows the existence of dynamical dipolar cluster in the paraelectric phase as well as indications of a ferroelectric soft mode occurence. The respective contributions of the vibrational and relaxational dynamics are analysed at the PE-AFE2-AFE1 phase transitions
Ledru, Romuald. "Mesure par spectroscopie d'admittance de jonctions Métal/Oxyde/Semi-Conducteur Organique : Analyse de la réponse diélectrique du pentacène". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIMS035/document.
Texto completoOrganic transistors are vital in many applications of organic electronics but the electrical performance and time stability are technological limitation in order to make this technology reliable. Moreover, in these devices, the charge transport phenomenon has not to be clearly understood even if different models are commonly used to explain the field effect in organic transistors. In this context, this thesis talks about the admittance spectroscopy characterization of metal / oxide / organic semiconductor / metal junctions and analysis the organic semiconductor electrostatic behavior.The admittance spectroscopy measurements were performed on a wide frequency range (0.1Hz to 1MHz) in which the measured dielectric loss may be associated with the orientation phenomenon (as oscillation) of dipoles present in the structure.The frequency responses show three dynamic behaviors. At low frequencies (<10Hz), we observed an ionic diffusion, which is related to the ions movement of H+ through the structure. At high frequencies, (>10kHz) the response is due to defects into the oxide. Finally, at intermediate frequencies, the organic semiconductor response is identified and assigned to the permanent dipoles into the bulk. From these responses, an analytical model is developed and used to describe the dynamic responses. The semi-conductor behavior is described by the sum of a Debye and Cole-Cole function type. The analysis of the model parameters has highlighted the influence of permanent dipoles on the organic semiconductor permittivity. Finally, this model has been agreed on different samples based on pentacene and was applied to the Poly-3-hexylthiophene
Nicolas, Anne. "Etude par relaxation diélectrique des propriétés de surface des zéolites au cours du phénomène d'adsorption". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20183.
Texto completoZeolites possess unique features as gas adsorbents, gas separators, and catalysts. Adsorption properties are closely related to the localisation of non-framework cations and to their accessibility to adsorbed molecules. Knowledge of the location of these cations and of their interaction between both the zeolite framework and the adsorbates is a crucial point for understanding the surface properties. In fact, the cation forms with the oxygen of the framework a dipole, which reorientation is illustrated by a cation hopping process between two neighbouring equilibrium positions, separated by an energy barrier. The experimental approach based on the Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy (DRS) gives information on both the distribution of the cation among the different crystallographic sites and their de-trapping energy ΔE. In this work, we use DRS to investigate the effect of methanol and water adsorption on the dynamics and the localisation of sodium ions in faujasites, Mordenites and ZSM-5 sodic zeolites. We clearly show that the cation de-trapping energy depends on the site geometry, the Si/Al zeolite ratio and the presence of adsorbed molecules. It is then possible to discriminate the structurally different cations equilibrium position as a function the adsorbate loading. Moreover, combining DRS data with Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations is fruitful in view of explaining the microscopic mechanisms of cation migrations and of adsorption
Haouzi, Ahmed. "Etude par relaxation diélectrique de l'adsorption de vapeur d'eau sur une montmorillonite calcique". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20138.
Texto completoTrubert, Jules. "Appοrt de la spectrοscοpie à relaxatiοn diélectrique sοus pressiοn pοur investiguer la mοbilité mοléculaire dans les pοlymères thermοplastiques amοrphes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR048.
Texto completoThe ambiguity surrounding the relationship between the glass transition temperature, isobaric fragility, and the characteristic size of the Cooperative Rearranging Regions (CRR) for glass-forming liquids has been resolved by considering the volumetric and thermal contributions of the structural relaxation. These contributions have traditionally been estimated by considering assumptions at atmospheric pressure, whereas they require pressure variations to be measured. The use of broadband dielectric spectroscopy under pressure offers a new perspective to experimentally determine the contributions of isobaric fragility. On the one hand, the measurement is performed for three amorphous thermoplastic polymers: Polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PETg) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). These polymers show a strong correlation between the activation volume, which leads to the volumetric contribution of isobaric fragility, and the CRR volume. The thermal contribution is determined by two methods and evolves in an opposite manner to the volumetric contribution as function of pressure. The contributions explain the isobaric fragility behavior at atmospheric pressure. On the other hand, the poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymer series, which presents a different ratio of polar side groups with an unchanged backbone chain, is analyzed in terms of intermolecular interactions from the dielectric relaxation shape. In this series, the polar side groups play a crucial role in the volumetric and thermal contributions of the isobaric fragility, which are also related to inter and intramolecular interactions. By combining these different results, a relationship between chemical structure and the influence of pressure/temperature on molecular mobility can be established. The effects of structural parameters, such as backbone and side group stiffness or packing efficiency, are highlighted and explain how isobaric fragility is affected
Tintar, Doris. "Etude de la dynamique de chaîne des protéines de la matrice extracellulaire par spectroscopies mécanique et diélectrique". Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/799/.
Texto completoStructure-properties relationships of two major proteins of the extracellular matrix, collagen and elastin, were analyzed. Elastin being insoluble, the approach known as "reductionist" consisted in studying polypeptide sequences coded by exons of human tropoélastine. NMR, IRTF and circular dichroism studies have shown that the conformation of such sequences was solvent specific. Our objective was to supplement these local studies by an analysis of dynamics "low frequency" giving information on mesoscale. The mechanical functionality of elastic fiber was studied by mechanical analysis in physiological state, in order to establish the identity card of healthy tissue to study the influence of various factors (pathological or pharmacological). Simultaneously with this work, we studied a functionalized collagen carried out within the framework of the conception of a biomaterial of substitution of conjunctive tissue. This functionalized collagen was modified thanks to RGD peptide known for its implication in cellular adhesion
Maati, Lahbib. "Contribution à l'étude de la relaxation diélectrique des systèmes à base d'AgI et d'AgPO3". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20204.
Texto completoLogbo, Harrod. "Étude des propriétés diélectriques sur un cristal liquide ferroélectrique : effet d'ancrage, champ de dépolarisation et lignes de déchiralisation". Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0105.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the experimental studies of dielectric spectroscopy and optical properties of a new ferroelectric liquid crystal ( FLC ) in confined geometry under static field. Particular attention is paid to the effects of the depolarization field, as well as ions, anchoring and thickness. In the first part of this work, the dielectric response to a low sinusoidal electric excitation superimposed by a DC Bias field is performed in the chiral ferroelectric phase (SmC*) far from the transition temperature. Thus, the dielectric permittivity measurements exhibit a double-hysteresis, after cycling in an electric field. This result shows several behaviors, like (*) the asymmetry of cycles relative to the origin, (**) the presence of gap values between two consecutive passages in first half cycle of the real part of the permittivity at zero field that cannot be explained by the known properties of the equilibrium of the helical structure under electric field, in the FLC bulk. In the assumption that these behaviors would have a ionic origin, an experimental protocol "STEP" has been developed to reduce the ionic charges on the cell measurements. Furthermore, optical observations show the appearance of dechiralization lines in the SmC* phase under field. This observation exhibits a hysteresis parallel to the dielectric measurements. The complex behavior of appearance and disappearance of these dechiralization lines is also discussed. The second part of the work is devoted to several theoretical models to explain the experimental results. The first is based on the ionic hypothesis which gives a correct qualitative agreement with spectroscopic measurements ('(bias)) and optical observations (dechiralization lines). However, a competing model , in which the hysteresis highlighted at weak field, are due to the appearance of a ferrielectric order in the dechiralization lines system gives a better agreement. The latter has the advantage to account for the hysteresis curves of polarization versus electric field, made in addition to the spectroscopic measurements, which present a single-to-double loops as the frequency is varied. In a third part, the effects of aging of the FLC on one hand, and the surface anchoring intensity on the other are investigated. The aging under electric field, the unstable molecules of the FLC produce ions which influence the depolarization field and therefore indirectly the internal structure of the cells. These ions provide a direct contribution to the dielectric properties which partially mask the response of the FLC at the low frequency: real part of the dielectric permittivity, dielectric amplitude and relaxation frequency. By adjusting the Cole -Cole diagrams at high frequency, the effects of the helix are mainly studied as function of different parameters: temperature, static field and aging time. Finally, the dielectric properties of other cells with anchoring considered like more intense have been compared. Both for aging and for anchoring, we see a small quantitative change in the dielectric parameters of the FLC, without being able to give a really satisfactory theoretical explanation
Chen, Yan-Fang. "Investigation of interfacial and bulk physical properties of hybrid perovskite-based devices". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0268/document.
Texto completoHybrid-organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have provoked intense research over the recent years.In this thesis, we contribute to this investigation by first examining the results of different solutionpreparation processes, followed by characterizing the films using atomic force microscopy, X-raydiffraction, ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Kelvin probesurface potential measurement, and time-of-flight mobility measurement. The state distribution of theHOIP/Au interface was then studied by low temperature J–V–L measurement combined withnumerical simulation. In the process of these characterizations, it became clear that the dielectricrelaxations in HOIPs, such as ion migration and organic cation dipole orientation, play an importantrole in the material, and the next part of the thesis presents an analysis of these mechanisms with thehelp of temperature dependent impedance spectroscopy measurement. These studies built thefoundations for the final part of the thesis, where we investigated a so far elusive subject in HOIPs, themigration of protons
Hakme, Chady. "Influence de l'étirage Uniaxial sur l'état structural et la mobilité moléculaire dans le Poly(éthylène naphtalène-2,6-dicarboxylate) : pen". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10023.
Texto completoGonnet, Jean-Marc. "Contrôle en ligne du moulage par injection des thermoplastiques semi-cristallins par spectroscopie diélectrique". Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STET4003.
Texto completoOttou, Abe Martin Thierry. "Étude par simulation de dynamique moléculaire de la structure et de la mobilité moléculaire de matériaux complexes d’intérêt thérapeutique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10042/document.
Texto completoMolecular glass-formers usually exhibit complex mobility including multiple non-simple exponential (non-Debye) relaxation processes as observed from dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. However, a Debye relaxation type is observed in several primary alcohols and amides, and is characterized by a low frequency contribution of very large amplitude and symmetrical shape. It is still very poorly understood because it is about 90% of the dielectric response and seems not yet coupled to the viscosity η (ω) or the complex specific heat C (ω). This very peculiar Debye relaxation has been recently identified in several pharmaceutical compounds of the profens family. By means of molecular dynamics simulations, we have conducted an investigation of physical properties of the three molecular compounds of the profens family (ibuprofen, flurbiprofen and ketoprofen) in the liquid state in order to analyze their organizations, their molecular mobilities and to clarify the origin of the Debye relaxation. We have shown that the Debye process observed experimentally originates extremely slow movements of very polar carboxyl groups in the molecular environments with rapidly relaxing: an internal conversion of the O=C-O-H groups between two conformations of equilibrium coupled to changes of the network of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The dominant organization in the liquid is found to be composed of small hydrogen bonding aggregates corresponding to associations in cyclic dimers precursors of the crystalline order. The influence of a situation of confinement on molecular mobility has also been explored in relation with of the recent studies of dielectric spectroscopy
Houssin, Timothée. "BioMEMS pour l'analyse de cellules biologiques par spectroscopie d'impédance". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10066/document.
Texto completoThe thesis presented here deals with the integrated analysis of biological cells by low frequency impedance spectroscopy in microfluidic systems. Impedancemetrey represents an interesting alternative to optical labels because they seem to be less invasive. The purpose of this work is to develop an impedimetric bioMEMS for the analysis of aquatic parasite Cryptosoridium parvum (C. parvum) and the detection of cell-protein interactions. Arrays of interdigitated microelectrodes were realized in wells and microchannels. Different geometries of electrodes were characterized. Electrical circuit models are presented. Dielectric relaxation spectrums of deionized water in low frequencies (<1 MHz) and relaxation times were established. An electrical label free method to quantify automatically the concentration of C. parvum parasites suspended in purified water is presented. The viability of these parasites was discriminated by impedancemetry. To study protein-cell interactions, lactoferrin (Lf) and cells of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) were chosen as study model. Different biological parameters are studied to optimize impedimetric measurements. Lf-CHO interaction is detected specifically. To inject reagents into cells while minimizing electrochemical perturbations, impedimetric analysis of CHO-Lf interaction was also performed within microfluidic channels. In these conditions, electrical currents can have invasive effects
Wypych, Aleksandra. "Wpływ zmian strukturalnych na dynamikę relaksacyjną i nisko-częstoliwościową dynamikę wibracyjną szkieł polimerowych". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10052.
Texto completoArnault, Laurence. "Relations entre effets de relaxation mécanique et microstructure dans un verre et dans des vitrocéramiques de type LAS [Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2]". Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2272.
Texto completoLavergne, Claudine. "Etude par spectroscopies diélectriques de matériaux composites à base polymère à finalité électrotechnique". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30012.
Texto completoAtawa, Bienvenu. "Mobilité moléculaire et vieillissement physique des composés amorphes chiraux". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR125/document.
Texto completoIn the framework of this thesis, we carried out the study of amorphous chiral molecular systems by evaluating their molecular mobility, the evolution of physical properties during aging and the recrystallization behavior as function of the initial enantiomeric excess (ee). In order to avoid factors additional to chirality itself, we focused on enantiomeric systems forming stable conglomerates (full chiral discrimination in the solid state) by choosing two model compounds: 5-ethy-5-methylhydantoin (12H) and N-acetyl-α-methylbenzylamine (Nac-MBA). From this thesis it was shown that the most spectacular effects of chirality in the amorphous state is expressed in the GFA or the crystallization propensity. The GFA increases as the ee decreases. The kinetics of physical aging is implicitly impacted by chirality. Glassy pure enantiomer requires more time to reach equilibrium than that of an intermediate composition. This situation is hypothetically due to constraints effects mostly resulting from a strong nucleation behavior in the glass state at high ee. Furthermore, the time scale of all the processes (D, α, βJG, γ) and the evolution of their temperature dependency are approximatively identical even though the crystallization behavior is highly impacted by ee. it seems that molecular mobility would not be a key parameter in the crystallization behavior of Nac-MBA. The main expression of chirality in amorphous Nac-MBA is evidenced in the signature of the dielectric strength of both D and α processes
Couderc, Hugues. "Composites Polyester amorphe - Montmorillonite : Influence des nanoparticules sur les dynamiques des relaxations moléculaires". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES058.
Texto completoThis work is a contribution to the study of the glass transition and of constrained glass forming liquid a main relaxation. This work focuses on molecular relaxation study in samples constituted of a PETg amorphous matrix in which a Montmorillonite lamellar clay is dispersed at different contents. Glass forming liquid characterisation shows that the more “fragile” the glass forming liquid, the greater the cooperative rearranging regions, according to the Donth’s approach. The Random Walk Model application, according to Arkhipov and Bässler, highlights the very low influence of lamellar particles on energetic minima distribution functions. The molecular relaxation characterising parameter variations are attributed to an interphase bi-layer between the filler and the matrix
Hadji, Rachid. "Contribution à l’étude des réseaux de polymères contenant des cristaux liquides". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10169.
Texto completoA detailed study of materials based on polymers and Iiquid crystals, prepared by the process of phase separation by 1ultraviolet radiation. was made for mixtures incIuding a nematic liquid crystal of the family of cyanobiphenyls, an acrylic monomer and a photoinitiator. These materials possess interesting electro-optical features particularly in the field of smart windows. The second method of preparation of these materials consists in elaborating a chemical gel of polymer / liquid crystal which is established by a polymer network swollen in a solvent of liquid crystal type. The synthesis, the swelling and the structure of several polymer gels in liquid crystals were the object of an extensive study. These gels are potentially useful in several domains such as display screens or artificial muscles. The influence of the method of preparation and the composition of the polymer liquid crystal systems was studied by means of several experimental teclmiques and in particular by infrared, dielectric, and mechanical spectrocopies. differential scanning calorimetry, and by opticaI microscopy with polarized light
Varol, Nagihan. "Analyse thermique avancée et propriétés de transport de matériaux polylactide stéréocomplexe". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR019/document.
Texto completoThe originality of this work is based on analysis of physical and physicochemical properties of polylactide mixtures of different chirality (poly L-lactic acid and poly D-lactic acid) and on the influence of the chirality on the amorphous phase’s properties. The materials mixtures are elaborated from two homopolymers (PLLA and PDLA) according to two methods; solution casting or extrusion. Totally amorphous and isotropically crystallized materials with more or less confined amorphous phase were studied. It is shown that a stereocomplex crystalline phase can be obtained only under certain experimental conditions. The results of the thermal and permeation analyzes showed that the PLLA / PDLA mixture improved certain properties of the material, namely higher barrier properties towards liquid water and gases were obtained compared to parent homopolymers. In order to study the molecular mobility of amorphous phases, physical aging and structural relaxation (α and β relaxation), the Cooperative Rearrangement Region (CRR) concept has been applied. It has been shown that the amorphous phases of the homopolymers and the mixture have exactly the same properties at the glass transition and in the vitreous state when the materials are totally amorphous
Quinquenet, Sophie. "Contribution à l’étude du polymorphisme du sorbitol". Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD091.
Texto completoGodard, Marie-Elodie. "Relaxations structurales dans les poly(α-n-alkyl)acrylates de méthyle : influence de la longueur de la chaîne alkyle latérale". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES093.
Texto completoThis work is placed under the general framework of slow molecular movements study in disordered materials. Due to their metastable nature, glasses at amorphous state evolve towards more stable thermodynamic states, this is called the structural relaxation. This work deals with the influence of the lateral chain length, i. E. The influence of the intermolecular interactions, on the main a relaxation and the secondary b relaxation processes in polymethyl(α-n-alkyl)acrylates. This was done using three complementary techniques : the ThermoStimulated Current Depolarization (TSDC), the Dielectric Spectroscopy (SD) and the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The analyse of the experimental results lead us to constat that the increase of the lateral chain length increases the relaxation rate of the α relaxation, but has no influence on the β relaxation. The analyse of the results thanks to Angell's Strong-Fragile concept has helped us to show that the longuest the lateral the lateral chain, the more thermodynamically stable the polymer. Thanks to the thermodynamic approach of Adam-Gibbs, we also have evaluated the number of relaxing species and the elemental energy associated to each particle. This has allowed us to show the presence of a critical chain length that separates two kinds of contribution to the main α relaxation
Roggero, Aurélien. "Analyse du vieillissement d'un adhésif silicone en environnement spatial : influence sur le comportement électrique". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30267/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis falls within the technical field of electrostatic discharges occurring on the solar arrays of communications satellites in the geostationary orbit. Its main objective consists in assessing the evolutions of a space-used commercial silicone adhesive's electrical properties, and to correlate them with the evolutions of its chemical structure. The main components of this material have been identified, and neat samples (deprived of fillers) were elaborated so as to study the isolated polymer matrix. In order to assess the influence of filler incorporation, neat samples were systematically compared with the commercial ones in this study. The material's physicochemical structure in the initial state was characterized by studying its enthalpy relaxations, mechanical response, and by performing chemical analysis. Its electrical behavior (dipole relaxations and conductivity) was investigated thanks to an original experimental approach combining surface potential decay measurements, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and thermally stimulated depolarization currents. Aging in the space environment was experimentally simulated by exposing the samples to high fluxes of high energy electrons. Chemical analysis (solid state NMR in particular) revealed the predominant crosslinking tendency of this material under ionizing radiations, and allowed to suggest degradation mechanisms at the microscopic scale. These structural evolutions also strongly impact its electrical behavior: a great increase in electrical resistivity has been observed with increasing ionizing dose. It is believed that electrical resistivity directly depends on the degree of crosslinking, which affects charge carrier mobility, in the theoretical frame of hopping and percolation models. The increase in resistivity is considerably more pronounced in the filled material, which could be associated with crosslinking occurring at the matrix-particles interface. Such crosslinks are thought to represent deeper traps for charge carriers. This work brought better understanding of aging phenomena in silicone elastomers exposed to the ionizing space environment. This knowledge will help predicting structural evolutions that may compromise vital properties such as adhesion, and the evolutions of intrinsic conductivity, a critical factor involved in the triggering of electrostatic discharges
Carsalade, Elodie. "Transitions et relaxations dans les assemblages polymères à base polyester à finalité ballons stratosphériques". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/784/.
Texto completoThe correlations between the transitions and the relaxation processes of an oriented Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) pre-impregnated with a polyester thermoplastic adhesive (named adhesive tape) and then of the assemblies oriented PET film/adhesive tape have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), elongational dilatometry, thermally stimulated currents (CTS), fractional polarisation and dynamic dielectric spectroscopy (DDS). The thermoplastic polyester adhesive and the oriented PET films have been studied as reference samples. This study evidences the adhesive chain segments is responsible for the physical structure evolution in the PET oriented film. The transitions and dielectric relaxation modes evolutions in the glass transition region appear characteristic of the interphase between adhesive and PET film which is discussed in terms of molecular mobility. The storage at room temperature of the adhesive tape shows an heterogeneity of the amorphous phase. The work highlights the assemblies also reveal a dynamic interphase in the glass transition region. It emphasizes the contribution of the adhesive chain segments which diffuse in the PET amorphous phase. This diffusion process evolves in function of the adhesive tape storage
Hamonic, Florian. "Etude de la mobilité moléculaire dans des polyesters synthétiques : mise en évidence de l'anisotropie". Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES001.
Texto completoIn a first time, the aim of this work is to characterize the microstructure of two drawn materials from the same chemical family: poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which crystallizes easily by drawing, and poly (ethylene glycol-co-cyclohexane -1,4-dimethanol terephthalate) (PETg), which is very difficult to crystallize. In a second time, the cooperativity in the amorphous phase at the passage of the glass transition is studied using the Donth’s approach associated with the concept of Cooperative Regions of Rearrangements (CRR). The two materials drawn at maximum, with an equivalent draw ratio, display a significant and identical orientation of the macromolecules. However, the maximum degree of crystallinity is higher for PET. This difference showed that the decrease in the size of CRR was mainly caused by the reduction of the mobile amorphous fraction, due to the appearance of the crystalline phase induced by drawing and rigid amorphous fraction, rather than simply orientation of macromolecules. The influence of crystals on the CRR size is studied on a wide temperature range above the glass transition temperature. An anisotropy of the molecular mobility was highlighted when the materials are drawn but not crystallized
Belarbi, El Habib. "Etude par relaxation diélectrique de systèmes eau-montmorillonite". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20030.
Texto completoBelkaoumi, Mohamed. "Spectroscopie d'impédance dans les perovskites oxidiques : applications à l'etude des relaxations dans BaTiO3 pur et dopé". Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS013.
Texto completoSlodczyk, Aneta. "Structural, dielectric and vibrational studies of lead magnesium niobate - lead titanate (1-x)PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO3 solid solutions". Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1029.pdf.
Texto completoTamra, Amar. "Spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence de cellules individualisées sous électroporation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30011/document.
Texto completoElectroporation is a physical process that consists in applying electric field pulses to transiently or permanently permeabilize the plasma membrane. This phenomenon is of great interest in the clinical field as well as in the industry because of its various applications, in particular electrochemotherapy which combines electrical pulses with the administration of a cytotoxic molecule in the treatment of tumors. The evaluation of this phenomenon is raditionally carried out using optical and biochemical methods (microscopy, flow cytometry, biochemical test). They are very effective but require the use of a wide range of fluorochromes and markers, which can be laborious and costly to implement, while being invasive to the cells. In recent years, the development of new biophysical tools for the study of electroporation has taken place, such as dielectrophoresis and impedance spectroscopy (low frequency). In addition to the ease of implementation, these methods are of interest in the study of membrane modifications of the cell. Hence the advantage of operating beyond the GHz, in the range of microwaves, for which the cytoplasmic membrane becomes transparent and the intracellular content is exposed. The extraction of the relative permittivity as a result of the electromagnetic field / biological cell interaction then reflects the cell state. This technique, microwave dielectric spectroscopy, is a relevant method for analyzing the effects of electroporation on cell viability. Moreover, it does not require any use of the exogenous molecules (non-invasive) and the measurements are directly carried out in the culture medium of the cells. Two objectives were defined during this thesis whose work is located at the interface between three scientific fields: cellular biology, microwave electronics and micro-technologies. The first objective concerns the transposition of conventional electroporation to the micrometric scale, which has shown an efficiency as efficient as the first. The second part of the work concerns the study by HighFrequency dielectric spectroscopy of cells subjected to different electrical treatments (combined or not with a cytotoxic molecule). This work presents a statistical power and shows a very good correlation (R2> 0.94) with standard techniques used in biology, which biologically validates the HF analysis method in the context of electroporation. This work also shows that microwave dielectric spectroscopy proves to be a powerful technique capable of revealing cell viability following chemical and / or electrical treatment. They open the way to 'non-invasive' analysis by hyper-frequency dielectric spectroscopy of electroporated cells in situ
Nguyen, Dinh Quang. "Etude de matériaux ferroélectriques à base de titanate de baryum : application à l'intégration de composants passifs en électronique de puissance". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30015.
Texto completoThis work concerns the study of ferroelectric materials based barium titanate and their application to the integration of passive components in power electronics. The main electric characteristics of pure or doped barium titanate materials are determined (permittivity, dielectric losses) for two different types of samples (ceramics or thick films) and whatever the technique of sintering (classical or spark plasma sintering). The ceramics obtained from powders synthesised by hydrothermal or by co-precipitation method and classical sintering (1250°C during 10h or 20h) present a high permittivity (11000 at the Curie temperature and 3100 at room temperature). These values are respectively of 9400 and of 8500 for the La – doped BaTiO3 ceramics. The ceramics with identical composition and sintered by SPS (Spack Plasma Sintering) present a colossal (270000 at room temperature) and a behaviour stable permittivity with the temperature. Correlations between the electrical properties, the microstructure and the manufacture process of the ceramics are proposed. .
Carru, Jean-Claude. "Etude de la relaxation diélectrique à large bande de fréquences dans les zéolithes synthétiques de type A, X, Y, M, ZSM5". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10034.
Texto completoMoha, Ouchane Mustapha. "Phénomene de percolation dans les microémulsions eau/AOT/huile". Pau, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PAUU3019.
Texto completoBenaouda, Abderraouf. "Contribution à l'étude de microémulsions AOT / Eau / Décane par relaxation diélectrique". Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10556.
Texto completoOngaro, Roger. "Analyse critique d'hypothèses simplificatrices utilisées dans certaines mesures et théories diélectriques". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19026.
Texto completoManceau, Jean-Philippe. "Étude du phénomène de relaxation diélectrique dans les capacités Métal-Isolant-Métal". Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10028.
Texto completoThe introduction of high permittivity dielectrics so-called « High-k can induce the appearance of until now neglected electrical behaviours. It is the case of the dielectric relaxation phenomenon. This thesis deals with this phenomenon in Metal-Insulator-Metal integrated in microelectronic. Through several amorphous dielectrics and one crystalline dielectric, two behaviours are identified, the « flat loss » one and the electrode polarization one. Since dielectric relaxation can degrade some chip performances, a model is proposed thanks to the creation of a memory effect test chip. Then a Ta2O5 MIM capacitors detailed analysis in term of leakage current stability and of low frequency permittivity variation, will allow identifying oxygen vacancies migration in dielectric. Finally, two solutions are proposed in order to suppress this issue. The first one consists in dielectric stacks deposition based on Ta2O5 performances. The second one proposes the integration of a new dielectric, the Zirconium oxide
Borde, Béatrice. "Mobilité moléculaire et processus de relaxation dans des polysaccharides amorphes partiellement hydrates". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0091.
Texto completoWe studied the glass transition and secondary relaxations related to the molecular mobility of amorphous phases of some polysaccharides found in food or pharmaceutical products. These phenomena are linked with the physical ageing that may affect quality along storage. Such an approach requires prior exanimation of the glass transition and secondary. A series of glucose polymers, linear or branched, connected with α-(1-4) and/or α-(1-6) linkages was characterised in an amorphous state under controlled conditions of hydration (0-20% H20). Differential scanning calorimetry allowed the study of the glass transitions, and, in a dynarnic approach, the determination of fragilities. The plasticising effect of water and the influence of the nature of glycosidic linkages were discussed. Monitoring of physical ageing thanks to enthalpy relaxation experiments showed that hydrated polysaccharides behaved sirnilarity to synthetic polymers such as PMMA or hydrated PVP. The β relaxation was characterised by dielectric spectroscopy for the different chosen compositions, extending former work on cellulose. It was attributed to local oscillations of the main chain around glycosidic linkages, promoted by the presence of water. The use of bloc king electrodes revealed a new secondary relaxation never reported in the literature. Ionic impurities may be at the origin of such a quasi-Debye process. In the attempt of predicting the long term stability of starchy products, the collected data were used to set prelirninary simulations of enthalpy relaxation kinetics with the help of a model describing molecular mobility in terms of hierarchically correlated motions (elementary process being of β type)
Manceau, Jean-Philippe. "Etude du phénomène de relaxation diélectrique dans les capacités Métal-Isolant-Métal". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281081.
Texto completoDebiais, Georges. "Etude théorique des phénomènes électro-optiques de relaxation : effets d'inertie et non-linéarité". Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0130.
Texto completoNjeumo, Romain. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique moléculaire dans les polymères cristaux liquides par relaxation diélectrique à large bande de fréquences". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10116.
Texto completoElissalde, Catherine. "Céramiques perovskites ferroélectriques : relaxations diélectriques en large bande de fréquence (10²-10⁹ Hz)". Bordeaux 1, 1994. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137622.
Texto completoBoulos, Madona. "Elaboration de poudres de titanates par chimie douce, caractérisation, mise en forme de céramiques et de couches, et propriétés électriques : application aux matériaux à très fortes valeurs de permitivité". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30261.
Texto completoNanometric powders of BaTiO3 have been prepared by hydrothermal method at 150 and 250°C using BaCl2. 2H2O/TiCl3 or TiO2 as precursors. Ceramics showing 95% of densification are obtained after sintering at 1250°C for 10 and 20 h. These ceramics present a heterogeneous microstructure. The grain size and the grain distribution in the ceramic bulk govern the electrical properties. Thick layers present a relative permittivity higher then 4000 at the curie temperature. La-doped BaTiO3 has been prepared by the oxalate method. The obtained ceramics showed a uniform microstructure. The Curie temperature is displaced to lower temperatures and the relative permittivity increases up to 10000 with increasing La3+ concentration. Ceramics sintered by spark plasma sintering showed electrical properties that are significantly different from those of conventionnally sintered ones. The coprecipitation has been used to synthesize materials based on CaCu3Ti4O12. Three main types of ceramics were obtained. The presence of CuO phase beside the CCT plays an important role for enhancing the dielectric properties
Gilbert, Cédric. "Instrumentation hyperfréquence pour l'étude de cinétiques de réactions biochimiques en présence d'un champ électromagnétique de forte intensité : interprétation physique des résultats". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066088.
Texto completoBoughriet, Abdel-Hakim. "Contribution à la caractérisation électromagnétique de matériaux en structures dipôles et quadripôles : application aux tissus biologiques et aux polymères thermoplastiques". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10096.
Texto completoAgrebi, Fatma. "Étude des propriétés diélectriques, thermiques et vibrationnelles de matériaux nano-composites à base du caoutchouc naturel renforcés par des nano-renforts cellulosiques". Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0001/document.
Texto completoNatural rubber isolated from Hevea Brasiliens and reinforced with different percentages of cellulose nano-reinforcements was investigated using three characterization techniques: Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis, Dielectric Spectroscopy and finally Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. The aim of the research is to understand the impact of cellulosic nano-reinforcements with different shapes and mass fractions in order to choose the nano-composite with high performance for mechanical applications
FAVARD, JEAN-FRANCOIS. "Synthese et etude des phenomenes transitionnels dans les phases asbosio#4 (a=na, k) et asbogeo#4 (a=k, rb)". Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2043.
Texto completoSeid, Kalid Ahmed. "Transport électronique aux différentes échelles de matériaux composites C-LifePO4/Carboxymethyl cellulose utilisés dans les batteries au lithium". Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9c93c01a-6945-432f-bee2-18d3c8aee72f.
Texto completoThe broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) (40 - 1010 Hz) was used to characterize the electrical properties of nanocomposites used as an electrode in lithium batteries. The BDS can distinguish the different mechanisms of electronic transport at different scales of the composite, from the interatomic to the macroscopic dimensions. It also reveals the influence of morphology. The studied composites consist of grains of LiFePO4 coated with a layer (nm) amorphous carbon, agglomerated into clusters. The polymer binder carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coats the clusters. For measurement, the sample is prepared in the form of a pellet (mm) thick. Contacts are made with a silver paint. With increasing frequency, different polarizations appear: i) space charge polarization at the interface between the sample and the silver paint ii) polarization of the clusters of C-LiFePO4 iii) electron hopping between graphitic areas of sp2 carbon in the layer of C. The Conductivity and permittivity are effective values that depend on relative concentrations of the phases, using the 'bricklayer’ model and the general effective medium theory, we calculated the true (real) values. When CMC is added, the electrical properties are changed. Adsorption of polymer on the surface of the grains and the establishment of electrostatic bonds with the carbon layer act as an additional charge traps in the carbon coating. At the point of contact between the clusters, the CMC layer forms a resistive barrier, which significantly increases the contact resistance between the clusters
Artis, François. "Spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence pour l'analyse cellulaire : pertinence pour l'évaluation de l'efficacité d'agents anti-cancéreux". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30288.
Texto completoLes techniques optiques dédiées à l’analyse de cellules entières classiquement utilisées dans les laboratoires de biologie cellulaire (microscopie, cytométrie en flux), nécessitent généralement un large éventail de fluorochromes et marqueurs spécifiques afin de cibler des composés ou des fonctions cellulaires. La grande puissance informative de ces techniques optiques conventionnelles exige une ou plusieurs étapes de marquage souvent précédées d’une fixation et d’une perméabilisation de l’échantillon cellulaire. Les marquages nécessaires requièrent donc une méthodologie lourde à mettre en œuvre, ils sont complexes, souvent coûteux et systématiquement chronophages. De plus, après avoir été marquées, les cellules sont la plupart du temps altérées et leur suivi au cours du temps est alors difficile. Dans ce contexte, la spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence se positionne comme une méthode pertinente ne nécessitant aucune molécule exogène pour analyser les cellules, pouvant ainsi répondre au besoin de suivre des processus biologiques au cours du temps. En effet, cette méthode exploite l’interaction champ électromagnétique/matériel biologique avec l’extraction de la permittivité relative obtenue de l’échantillon biologique d’intérêt en fonction de la fréquence du champ appliqué. De plus, les mesures sont réalisées directement dans le milieu de culture des cellules permettant des analyses sur des temps longs sans altérer l’intégrité cellulaire. Le travail mené au cours de cette thèse se situe donc à l’interface entre trois vastes domaines scientifiques que sont la biologie cellulaire, l’électronique hyperfréquence et les micro-technologies. Ce travail a nécessité une succession d’étapes de mises au point, suivant un cheminement à complexité croissante, conduisant finalement à l’obtention de signatures hyperfréquences cellulaires spécifiques. Les résultats de suivi de la mort apoptotique de cellules de lymphome B (DOHH2) induite par des agents anti-cancéreux montrent que la technique permet de distinguer des évènements à des temps plus précoces qu’avec la cytométrie en flux. La spectroscopie diélectrique hyperfréquence présente donc des capacités de détection inédites par rapport aux techniques classiques de la biologie cellulaire. Actuellement utilisée sur des lignées de lymphome B, la technique offre de nombreuses applications potentielles sur cellules de patient et on peut imaginer son intérêt pour l’évaluation de l’efficacité de diverses drogues, avec l’objectif à plus long terme de mieux adapter les thérapies anti-cancéreuses aux patients
Chen, Tong. "Développement de biocapteurs hyperfréquences microfluidiques pour la spectroscopie diélectrique non-invasive de la cellule unique : applications en cancérologie". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2172/.
Texto completoDevelopment of microwave microfluidic bio-sensors for non-invasive dielectric spectroscopy of single cell: Applications in Cancerology. Biological analysis at the level of the single cell, allowing the understanding of cellular mechanisms, is of great importance in the fields of biology, medicine and especially in oncology. Microtechnology has opened up the prospect of such devices and many researches are underway on the development of analysis systems which are non-invasive, rapid, label-free or has no cell damage. The convergence of bio-microwave sensors with microfluidics can meet these challenges. We developed jointly (1) micro-devices for microwave dielectric spectroscopy of biological fluids and (2) microfluidic systems for manipulation of cell populations and single cell in the culture medium. The electromagnetic fields engineering was conducted to optimize the fluid volume analysis and the detection sensitivity. Microfabrication performed at LAAS-CNRS allowed controlled positioning of single cell in the analysis area. We finally demonstrated experimentally significant dielectric contrast between cancer cells alive and RL lymphoma apoptosis with more tracking capability longitudinal of apoptosis. These researches work on non-invasive analysis of single cell, the discriminatory capacity of different biological states, the possibility of temporal tracking of biological mechanisms open new perspectives for the cell analysis in cancerology
Genix, Anne-Caroline. "Dynamique locale et transitions à l'état solide des poly(di-n-alkylitaconate)s". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066131.
Texto completoChebli, Kahina. "Etude des cinétiques du vieillissement physique et des relaxations moléculaires de résines polyesters insaturés : influence du taux de styrène". Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES061.
Texto completoThis work is placed under the general framework of the slow molecular movements study in desordered materials. Due to their metastable nature, vitreous materials evolve towards more stable thermodynamic states. Well known as physical ageing or structural relaxation, this phenomenon involves various molecular movements, localized or cooperatives. In order to study the relationship between the structure and these relaxation phenomena, we have studied the physical aging and molecular relaxations kinetics of unsaturated polyester resins cured with different styrene content by two thermal analysis techniques: the thermostimulated depolarization currents analysis (TSDC) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). By means of TSDC technique, the beta relaxation process could be attributed to the local motions of defects networks. Moreover, the main relaxation could be described by a single relaxation phenomenon. The classical relaxation kinetics study by DSC technique allowed us to assign the kinetic parameters of the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan phenomenological model to structural effects. Using the Gomez Ribelles entropic model based on the Adam-Gibbs theory, we have shown that a configurational entropy limit state exists and departs from the usually accepted extrapolated equilibrium state