Tesis sobre el tema "Spatial indicators"
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Farragher, Tracey Marie. "Spatial epidemiology of indicators of male reproductive health in Scotland". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29096.
Lantto, M. (Maija). "Spatial analysis of eutrophication-related indicators in the northern Bothnian Bay". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605071653.
MOURA, IURI BARROSO DE. "BRT TRANSOESTE: ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25321@1.
This study presents a BRT Transoeste project evaluation in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from a sustainable mobility and urban development perspective. The BRT Transoeste is the first Bus Rapid Transit system implemented in the municipality and was proposed initially to fufill the agreement between Rio de Janeiro City Government and the International Olympic Committee for the 2016 Olympic Games. This system crossing the city neighborhoods in Planning Area 4 (Barra da Tijuca) and 5 (West Side) was envisioned to work as a passenger transportation structuring system for its area of influence. The Geographic Information System – GIS helped analyze indicators associated with the system s spatial coverage, urban space circulation conditions, land occupation, use and zoning laws in its direct area of influence. The Móbile Research Group (COPPE/UFRJ) developed six principles for sustainable city design to analyze results obtained for these spatial indicators. These principles make clear the need to integrate transportation and land use planning to promote sustainable mobility and urban development.
Sevenet, Marie. "La forme en 3D dans l'analyse spatiale des territoires urbanisés et de la durabilité urbaine". Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2048/document.
Since the beginning of the 21 century the urban planning documents are focused on the “reconstruction of the city inside the recent city territory” and results in the densification of the urban structure (e.g. elevating existing buildings or increasing compactness). However, this construction mode needs a detailed understanding of the urban volume. To meet this demand, new analysis methods are strongly desired, integrating 2D and 3D in urban planning. This might allow density increase in decaying inner urban areas while respecting the social sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life. However the currently used methods used in fundamental science or applied science rarely include the third dimension in their consideration; more detailed the vertical axis of geographical, natural or anthropogenic elements.The here presented thesis is dedicated to the integration of the 3D methods into the urban planning by the help of analysis with applied geographic information systems (GIS). The work focuses on image and morphology analysis for developing new methodologies and tools dedicated to different decision makers in urban context
TROGU, DANIELE. "Development of a methodology for spatial composite indicators: a case study on landscape". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266364.
Malioka, Vasiliki. "Condition indicators for the assessment of local and spatial deterioration of concrete structures /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18333.
Costa, Valéria Grace. "Indicadores socioespaciais do habitat em grandes cidades brasileiras: Belém e Rio de Janeiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16137/tde-22082012-114252/.
This study has the purpose of evaluating and comparing the spatial configuration of the indicators characterizing the socio-spatial needs in two large Brazilian cities: Belém and Rio de Janeiro. For constructing the socio-spatial habitat indicators were used the results from the main household survey of the Brazilian Institute of Geography (IBGE): the Demographic Census. The reference year is 2000.The development of a synthetic index was another step in the research, from which have been identified and mapped the areas of socio-spatial deficiencies in the two cities.The survey results show that there are similarities and differences between such areas. Some of the differences, however, are more associated with the intensity of processes than the setting itself, showing different stages of urban development and socio-spatial deficiencies. As for the indicators used and analyzed individually, it was established that it becomes increasingly more difficult to obtain universal parameters to evaluate and measure the socio-spatial deficiencies, however some of them still stand out in this regard. Although the results were not conclusive, they suggest the need and possibility of using regional, metropolitan and intra-urban parameters, in processes involving selection and development of indicators for selection of socio-spatial areas with major needs, as well as the various forms of informal settlements.
Wagner, Matthew Earl. "Spatial patterns of phytoplankton and periphyton growth as indicators of estuarine condition in Escambia Bay, Florida". [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000010.
Dur, Fatih. "The integrated land use and transportation indexing model : assessing the sustainability of the Gold Coast, Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54190/1/DurFatih_PhD_Thesis_20120511.pdf.
Klein, David. "Regional Performance in Knowledge Economies : A Comparison of Performance Indicators and Regional Units across Spatial Econometric Models". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136299.
El, Haber ELias. "Effet de la variabilité spatiale des propriétés du sol sur la variabilité de la réponse sismique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAU038/document.
Soil layers frequently exhibit spatial heterogeneities that arise from the erosion, sedimentation processes and from the effects of human activity. To these first order geological heterogeneities are added small-scale heterogeneities within the same geological layer. Under weak or strong seismic loading, these spatial heterogeneities of the subsurface properties are likely to lead to a significant variability in the ground motion properties within short distance on surface (amplitude, duration, frequency content, ...). In this thesis, a probabilistic analysis is carried out to evaluate the effect of the spatial variability of shear wave velocity (V_s) on the variability of surface seismic response. For sake of simplicity, a simple 2D soil structure (a sedimentary layer over a half-space) is considered. The 2D structure of V_s is modeled as a random field using the EOLE (Expansion Optimal Linear Estimation) method and nine probabilistic models are considered by varying the three soil fluctuation parameters: the coefficient of variation (COV) on V_s, the horizontal and vertical autocorrelation distances (θ_x and θ_z, respectively). The surface ground seismic motion is simulated using the FLAC2D finite difference code using a SV plane-wave plane excitation.The first part deals with the study of the surface variability of different ground motion indicators (resonance frequency, amplification, Arias intensity, duration, spatial correlation). Our purely linear simulations emphasize the importance of the locally diffracted surface waves due to soil heterogeneities on these different indicators and the control of COV on their variability. They also show that, although 1D probabilistic approaches correctly estimate the average of the fundamental resonant frequencies and the associated amplifications, they underestimate the high frequency amplification, the Arias intensity and the duration of the ground motion on surface, as well as their variability. The second part deals with another estimator the ground motion spatial variability: the coherency and it is calculated on the strong phase and on the coda of simulated seismograms on surface. The results show that the variation of the coherency as a function of frequency or distance is mainly controlled by COV. To this overall behavior of the average coherency on surface is superimposed the presence of strong loss or increase of coherency in certain narrow frequency bands caused by the propagation characteristics of body and surface waves (resonance of SV waves, Airy phases of Rayleigh waves). These observations are consistent with the observations on real data from the Argostoli site in Greece. The third part focuses on taking into account the non-linear behavior of soils. The definition of non-linear properties of the soil is based on triaxial tests carried out on the alluvial plain of Nahr Beirut. The effect of non-linear behavior and its variability is studied for the different ground motion indicators, mainly in the time domain (Arias intensity, duration, spatial correlation, Lagged coherency)
Paiva, Simone de Sousa. "DistribuiÃÃo espacial e determinantes sociais de saÃde na populaÃÃo com AIDS no CearÃ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10924.
Apesar de avanÃos cientÃficos no tratamento ao HIV e de polÃtica pÃblica especÃfica à populaÃÃo infectada, a aids se constitui em sÃrio problema de saÃde, que acomete grupos mais vulnerÃveis. Desta forma, ao tratar de pessoas vivendo com HIV à necessÃrio levar em conta os determinantes sociais relacionados ao processo de saÃde-doenÃa. Objetiva-se analisar a distribuiÃÃo espacial de pacientes com aids no Estado do CearÃ, Brasil, e sua associaÃÃo com determinantes sociais de saÃde. Estudo ecolÃgico transversal, considerou-se indivÃduos com aids, de idade igual ou superior a 13 anos, residentes no CearÃ, notificados entre 2001 e 2011 pelo Sistema de InformaÃÃo de Agravos de NotificaÃÃo. Trabalhou-se com variÃveis sociodemogrÃficas obtidas na Secretaria da SaÃde do Estado, dados socioeconÃmicos, ambientais e de saÃde do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica, do Departamento de InformÃtica do Sistema Ãnico de SaÃde do Brasil e do Departamento de AtenÃÃo BÃsica. ConstruÃram-se indicadores epidemiolÃgicos e sociais baseados no Modelo TeÃrico de DeterminaÃÃo Social sugerido por Whitehead e Dahlgren. Para anÃlise dos dados individuais empregou-se o software SPSS 20.0. Testes foram aplicados para comparaÃÃo das proporÃÃes (exato de Fisher ou qui-quadrado de Pearson), comparaÃÃo de mÃdias (t de Student), correlaÃÃo entre variÃvel dependente e suas regressoras (teste de Pearson) e teste para aferir a normalidade da variÃvel dependente (Shapiro-Wilk). Foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes anÃlises inferenciais de ρ inferior a 0,05. Para dados socioambientais e de saÃde foram utilizados mÃtodos de geoprocessamento e de geoanÃlise. Para identificaÃÃo de aglomerados espaciais, calculou-se taxa mÃdia de aids do perÃodo e relacionada com o mapa vetorial do CearÃ, atravÃs do programa ArcGis10.1. AutocorrelaÃÃo espacial foi verificada pelo Ãndice de Moran. O Modelo de RegressÃo Linear Global foi Ãtil para anÃlise multivariada. Foram construÃdos mapas do risco relativo à formaÃÃo de aglomerados de aids ao longo da sÃrie temporal. Obteve-se aprovaÃÃo do Comità de Ãtica da Secretaria da SaÃde do Estado, sob protocolo n 203.911. A aids à crescente no CearÃ, com maioria masculina, adulta, residente na Capital. Foi observado processo de feminizaÃÃo, juvenizaÃÃo e interiorizaÃÃo da epidemia. O uso de drogas à prevalente entre jovens e pessoas de baixa escolaridade. Ocorre tendÃncia crescente da doenÃa entre pessoas com sete a onze anos de estudo, e diferenÃa estatÃstica significativa entre os sexos. A Rede Social de Apoio e de SaÃde Especializada para aids concentra-se na RegiÃo Metropolitana do Estado. Clusters de aids com altas taxas foi verificada na RegiÃo LitorÃnea e em Ãreas prÃximas à fronteira do PiauÃ, provavelmente vinculados ao turismo e aos processos migratÃrios. As taxas de aids foram associadas com a maioria dos indicadores socioeconÃmicos estudados. Observou-se relaÃÃo positiva entre aids e desigualdades econÃmicas. Foi verificada associaÃÃo inversa entre o agravo e a atenÃÃo primÃria. Constatou-se risco para clusters de aids primeiramente nos SertÃes do Estado e maior risco relativo em municÃpios do Noroeste Cearense ao longo da sÃrie temporal. Segundo se conclui, a aids no Cearà possui Ãreas de dependÃncia espacial e as disparidades socioeconÃmicas e de acesso à saÃde geram determinaÃÃes preponderantes ao adoecimento pelo HIV.
Despite scientific advances in HIV treatment and the specific public policy for the infected population, aids represents a severe health problem that affects more vulnerable groups. Therefore, when treating HIV-positive people, the social determinants of the health-disease process need to be taken into account. The goal is to analyze the spatial distribution of aids patients in the State of CearÃ, Brazil, and its association with social determinants of health. In this cross-sectional ecological study, individuals with aids aged 13 years or older were considered, who lived in Cearà and had been notified between 2001 and 2011 in the Brazilian Case Registry Database. Sociodemographic variables were used that were collected from the State Health Secretary; socioeconomic, environmental and health data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, from the Informatics Department of the Brazilian Unified Health System and from the Primary Healthcare Department. Epidemiological and social indicators were constructed based on the Theoretical Model of Social Determination suggested by Whitehead and Dahlgren. For individual data analysis, SPSS 20.0 software was employed. Tests were applied for comparison of proportions (Fisherâs exact or Pearsonâs chi-square), comparison of means (Studentâs t), correlation between dependent variable and its regressor variables (Pearson) and a test to verify the normality of the dependent variable (Shapiro-Wilk). Inferential analyses with ρ inferior to 0.05 were considered statistically significant. For socio-environmental and health data, geoprocessing and geo-analysis methods were used. To identify spatial clusters, the mean aids rate for the period was calculated and related to the vector map of CearÃ, using the software ArcGis10.1. Spatial self-correlation was verified through Moranâs index. The Global Linear Regression Model was useful for multivariate analysis. Risk maps were constructed for the formation of aids clusters throughout the time series. Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the State Health Secretary under protocol 203.911. Aids is increasing in CearÃ, with a mostly male, adult population living in the state capital. It was observed that the epidemic is expanding among women, young people and in the interior of the state. Drugs use prevails among young people and people with low education levels. A growing trend of the disease is observed among people with seven to 11 years of education, with a statistically significant difference between the sexes. The Social Support and Specialized Health Network for aids is concentrated in the Metropolitan Region of the State. Aids clusters with high rates were verified in the Coastal Region and in areas close to the border with the State of PiauÃ, probably linked to tourism and migration processes. The aids rates were associated with most of the socioeconomic indicators studies. A positive relation was observed between aids and economic inequalities. An inverse association was verified between the problem and primary care. The risk of clusters was verified primarily in the hinterland of the State and a greater relative risk in cities in the Northeast of Cearà throughout the time series. As concluded, aids in Cearà is marked by areas of spatial dependence and the disparities in socioeconomic and health access conditions produce preponderant determinations for illness caused by HIV.
De, Grandi Elsa Carla. "Spatial and temporal statistics of SAR and InSAR observations for providing indicators of tropical forest structural changes due to forest disturbance". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29511.
Robinson, Jeffrey G. "An investigation of the seasonal and spatial occurrence of coliform bacteria in a distribution system". Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845953.
Department of Biology
Dube, Tinashe H. "The application of architectural indicators to compare residential quality of life: A case study of Zimbabwean families currently residing in South Africa and the UK". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64742.
Mini Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Architecture
MSc Applied Sciences in Architecture
Unrestricted
Feindouno, Sosso. "Structural vulnerability and fragility : an assessment based on composite indicators". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAD014.
Vulnerability and fragility are at the heart of the global debate arising from the definition and implementation of the sustainable development goals. This PhD dissertation offers enhanced tools to assess structural vulnerability and fragility from various aspects: economic, social, and environmental. The proposed approach for apprehending these concepts is based on the construction and refinement of composite indicators. It is divided into four chapters.In Chapter 1, we build the retrospective series of the economic vulnerability index (EVI), proposed by the United Nations’ Committee for Development Policy (CDP). Some choices and measures are discussed, such as the methodology used to calculate the instabilities of exports and agricultural production. From our analyses, it appears that the structural economic vulnerability of LDCs is still higher compared to non-LDCs. As well, focusing on the African context, we show that fragile African states are economically more vulnerable than non-fragile African states, and the difference between the two groups of countries seems to come from the difference in the magnitude of shocks. Finally, employing a stochastic dominance approach and using a five-year testing horizon to assess the evolution of the EVI and its main components over time, we observe that there is no real decline of the EVI and its main components at the first order sense. But, an overall decrease can be concluded at the second order sense of dominance.The second chapter focuses on the issue of structural resilience through the Human Assets Index (HAI), another index designed by the UN-CDP for identification of LDCs. We start with a presentation of retrospective series of the HAI and its components, for which, to a limited extend, we have used econometric tools to consistently impute missing data. Secondly, we analyze the HAI’s dynamics by assessing the contributions of each component to this. Finally, we debate about the choice of equal weighting for the four components in the HAI. Taking into account the fact that the correlation between indicators is closely linked to the issue, we propose a new scheme pattern based on the correlation ratio and linearity (or nonlinearity) dependence between components. The third chapter is devoted to the climate change vulnerability. We design a composite indicator called “Physical Vulnerability to Climate Change (PVCCI)”. This indicator based only on the physical characteristics of climate change is independent of present and future country policy, and aims to be used for international allocation of resources. After explaining the specific methodology used to build the PVCCI and presenting the results for developing countries, we investigate the relationship between civil conflict and vulnerability to climate change measured here by the PVCCI. The starting point of the fourth chapter is that African countries are still lagging behind when it comes to attracting Foreign Direct Investments (FDI). We suspect the structural economic vulnerability, measured by the Economic Vulnerability Index (EVI), in part, responsible for the relative lack of interest of foreign investors towards Africa. We estimate a spatial error correction model during the time period from 1980 to 2010 to assess the dynamic relationships between FDI and its determinants. Our finding reveals that in the long run, there is a significant negative relationship between FDI and EVI. The results also suggest that a high EVI in neighboring countries negatively affects the amount of FDI into a host country. Later on, we also observe that structural economic vulnerability plays an important role in explaining the FDI gap between African Low-Income Countries and African Middle-Income Countries. The share of agriculture, forestry and fishery in GDP appears as the strongest contributing factor to this difference
Magno, Melissa A., Ingrid Luffman, Arpita Nandi y Brian G. Evanshen. "SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOILS OF BUMPUS COVE, TN". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/126.
Jacob, Hassler. "Long term trends of residential segregation in relation to housing policy in Stockholm : Following indicators of residential segregation over time through spatial analysis". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159964.
Baez-Cazull, Susan Enid. "Spatial and temporal controls on biogeochemical indicators at the small-scale interface between a contaminated aquifer and wetland surface water". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2520.
Nielsen, Niels Christian. "Spatial metrics of structure and diversity : calculation from Earth observation and map data, for use as indicators in environmental management". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421848.
Henning, Matthias. "Preparation for lane change manoeuvres: Behavioural indicators and underlying cognitive processes". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-201001033.
Feldmeyer, Daniel [Verfasser] y Birkmann [Akademischer Betreuer] Jörn. "Development, mapping and validation of resilience and vulnerability indicators across spatial scales for climate related hazards / Daniel Feldmeyer ; Betreuer: Birkmann Jörn". Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123540286X/34.
Amawatana, Chonchinee. "Environmental performance indicators for the lower Mekong subregion development". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16684/1/Chonchinee_Amawatana_Thesis.pdf.
Amawatana, Chonchinee. "Environmental performance indicators for the lower Mekong subregion development". Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16684/.
Holanda, Eliane Rolim de. "AnÃlise espacial da infecÃÃo pelo HIV em crianÃas e gestantes do municÃpio de Recife, Pernambuco". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11953.
The spread of AIDS is a dynamic process, which focuses on the most vulnerable populations, involving a network of biopsychosocial, behavioral and environmental factors. This study aimed at analyzing the spatial distribution of reported cases of children with AIDS and positiveHIV pregnant women residing in the city of Recife and its correlation with social and health indicators. This is an epidemiological study, ecological-type , conducted with data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases, Information System on Live Births and Mortality Information System from 2001-2011. Social data were collected from the neighborhoods by census 2010. Epidemiological, socioeconomic and healthindicators were constructed in order to characterize the neighborhoods and its relationship with the HIV disease. The addresses were geocoded and matched with the base map of Recife. Epidemiological characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and for the pregnant data was applied the chi-square test with adjusted residuals using the SPSS.To identify the spatial pattern, data were analyzed by the Moran Global and Local Index, and the mapping techniques BoxMap, LISAMap and MoranMap generated by the software Terraview v4.2.2 and space modules R v2.15.3. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression models were used to test associations between the explanatory variables and the incidence rates of children and pregnant women infected. The significance was set at 5%. The results showed increasing linear trend of the epidemics among pregnant women during the spatial period investigated. There was a statistically significant association between the prenatal accomplishment and variables of education (p = 0.037), type of birth (p < 0.001), use of antiretroviral prophylaxis during pregnancy (p = 0.002), at birth (p < 0.001) and in the newborn (p < 0.001). Not accomplishing the prenatal was associated withpregnant women of lower education. All cases of pediatric AIDS were acquired by vertical transmission and 27.2% of children had died.The spatial analysis identified cluster of infected pregnant women in the downtown area and the distal part of the northwestern city, as well as cluster of high incidence of children with AIDS also located in downtown neighborhoods. The bivariate and multivariate analysis showed association of detection rates of HIV in pregnant women and AIDS incidence in children with most socioeconomic and health indicators studied. Precarious living conditions evidenced by low-income areas, high illiteracy and inadequate infrastructure were predictors of vertical transmission of HIV converging to increased cases among underserved populations. Geoprocessing methods were effective in identifying vulnerable groups and high-risk areas for which should be directed preventive care and intersectoral interventions aiming at controlling such a condition. It is concluded that the geographical spread of HIV/AIDS among children and pregnant women in Recife did not occur randomly; reflecting therefore in areas of spatial dependence of the vertical transmission and socioeconomic inequalities and access to health influenced the increased susceptibility of the spread of disease.
Santos, Augusto Seabra. "Os impactos do desmatamento na incidência de malaria na Amazônia: uma análise espacial". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-20072017-170049/.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of cases of malaria with deforestation in the municipalities of the Amazon, between 2003 and 2012. The research also intends to contribute to the literature through of spatial econometrics models, enabling capture effects spillovers of several socio economic determinants on incidence of malaria in the region. First, it became clear that the cases of malaria in the Amazon region are not randomly distributed among the municipalities, meaning that the disease is spatially correlated. It was also found evidence that municipalities with higher annual rates of malaria parasites are surrounded by other municipalities that also have a higher incidence of malaria. Regarding to the econometrics estimates, it was found evidence that deforestation is strongly statistically correlated with malaria cases, where are as of up to 425 km2 of loss os forest cover has a positive relationship with the cases of the disease, while deforested areas above 425 km2 have negative relationship with contamination malaria. Notwithstanding, the study also found a positive relationship between health public expenditures with cases of the disease. Housing public expenditures ans cattle heard have shown negative relationships with malaria infection. Moreover, no evidence was found that the soybean area and that other crops can affect the dynamics of malaria infection. Finally, municipal GDP generated inconclusive results. To assess the robustness of the estimates, the study also performed a comparison from multiple panel data models, both conventional well as spatial, currently used in the literature.
Kriel, Gideon Petrus. "Biological indicators of water quality in an urban waterway : can diatoms reflect short term spatial and temporal changes in water quality? / G.P. Kriel". Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2137.
Ioannidou, Despoina. "Characterization of environmental inequalities due to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in France : developing environmental data processing methods to spatialize exposure indicators for PAH substances". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1176/document.
Reducing environmental exposure inequalities has become a major focus of public health efforts in France, as evidenced by the French action plans for health and the environment. The aim of this thesis is to develop an integrated approach to characterize environmental inequalities and evaluate the spatialized exposure to PAH in France.The data produced as part of the monitoring quality networks of environmental media reflect the actual contamination of the environment and the overall exposure of the populations. However they do not always provide an adequate spatial resolution to characterize environmental exposures as they are usually not assembled for this specific purpose. Statistical methods are employed to process input databases (environmental concentrations in water, air and soil) in the objective of characterizing the exposure. A multimedia model interfaced with a GIS, allows the integration of environmental variables in order to yield exposure doses related to ingestion of food, water and soil as well as atmospheric contaminants' inhalation.The methodology was applied to three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon substances, (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene), in France. The results obtained, allowed to map exposure indicators and to identify areas of overexposure and characterize environmental determinants. In the context of exposure characterization, the direct spatialization of available data from environmental measurement datasets poses a certain number of methodological questions which lead to uncertainties related to the sampling and the spatial and temporal representativeness of data. These could be reduced by acquiring additional data or by constructing predictive variables for the spatial and temporal phenomena considered.Data processing algorithms and calculation of exposure carried out in this work, will be integrated in the French coordinated integrated environment and health platform-PLAINE in order to be applied on other pollutants and prioritize preventative actions
Calori, Mellina Yamamura. "Relação espacial dos óbitos e internações por tuberculose com indicadores sociais em Ribeirão Preto (SP)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-06052016-184351/.
Objective: It was proposed to analyze the spatial relation of deaths and avoidable hospitalizations for TB with social indicators in Ribeirão Preto/SP. Methods: It is an ecological study that considered cases of deaths and hospital admissions due to tuberculosis (CID A15.0 to A19.9). They occurred in the urban area of Ribeirão Preto and were recorded, respectively, in the Mortality Information System and Hospital Admission System of the Unified Health System between 2006 and 2012. It was possible to perform the univariate analysis of socio- demographic and occupational variables of the investigated cases. It was used, for social indicators construction, the principal component analysis and data from selected areas of the municipality by considering the Demographic Census of 2010. The cases decoding was processed by TerraView version 4.2.2. It was used the multiple linear regression through the least squares method and spatial regression for relation analysis of spatial dependence between social indicators and death rates and hospitalizations by TB. The autocorrelation in residues of multiple linear regression was tested by the Global Moran test, and analyzes were performed by considering the software Arcgis-version 10.1, Statistica version 12.0, OpenGeoDa version 1.0 and R version 3.2.3. For diagnosis of a better spatial regression model, it was possible to use the Lagrange Multiplier test. In all tests, the alpha significance level was fixed at 5% (p <0.05). Results: There were 50 cases of deaths and 196 cases of hospitalizations by TB. Most cases registered in both systems occurred in males (n=41; 82%/n=146; 74.5%) and with pulmonary clinical form (n=44; 80.0%/n=138; 67.9%). Three new variables emerged, in the construction of social indicators, presenting respectively the total variance of 46.2%, 18.7% and 14.6% and named as indicators of income, social inequality and social equity. In the modeling to verify the spatial relation between deaths and social indicators, it was observed that social equity was the statistically significant indicator (p=0.0013), and with a negative relation to the mortality. Then, the Spatial Lag Model was the best method to test spatial dependence, with a value of ? (rho) estimated at 0.53 and highly significant (p=0.0014). In relation to the modeling of spatial relationship between hospitalizations for tuberculosis and social indicators, income indicator was statistically significant (p=0.015) with a negative relation for hospitalization, and the Spatial Lag Model was also the best method to test spatial dependence, with a value of ? (rho) estimated at 0.80 and highly significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The research contributes to knowledge advancement that mortality and hospitalizations for tuberculosis are events socially determined that suggest management investments
Poole, Amy M. "AAAneurysm Outreach Screening Data and Emergency Healthcare Accessibility in Louisiana: Identifying High-Risk Populations for Targeted Interventions". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3115.
Letsie, Moipone (Moipone Amelia Mantsebo). "The application of the Planning Indicators Model as a tool for measuring the success of the Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework in the Cape Metropolitan Area". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16379.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recently there has been growing interest in evaluating the performance and outcomes of spatial planning policies worldwide. In response to this a research was carried out to evaluate and monitor the effectiveness of spatial planning policies in the Cape Metropolitan Area (CMA). The Planning Indicators Model (PIM), which consists of a set of twenty-six indicators, was applied to monitor and measure the extent to which the Metropolitan Spatial Development Framework (MSDF) has affected land use and physical development in the CMA. To achieve the aim of the study, the research was divided into three phases. The first phase involved a literature review, the second phase involved interviews with planning officials and lastly, the collection of different thematic datasets required to run the Planning Indicators Model. The data sets were used to monitor and display spatiotemporal variations in conformance and performance indices in the form of maps. These maps were used to identify areas where strengths can be protected and where weaknesses need to be corrected. From a set of 26 indicators used for this study only two indicators monitored conformances (Growth of informal housing townships) over the period 1993 – 1998; the others simply indicated the present conditions. This means that the rest of the indicators did not show trends. However, the data are presented in this report as a useful baseline for future conformance and performance monitoring exercises. The study also revealed that for the past twelve years the MSDF has been the subject of extensive debate within the local authorities. Also several indicators seem to overlap and need to be clearly defined, thus it is recommended that some of these indicators should be combined to avoid duplication and confusion. Generally, the PIM can assist in making the impact of spatial planning greater in the CMA.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onlangs is daar wêreldwyd groeiende belangstelling in die prestasies en uitkomstes van ruimtelike beplannings- beleide. In reaksie daarop is hierdie navorsing gedoen om die doeltreffendheid van die ruimtelike beplannings- beleide van die Kaapse Metropolitaanse Gebied (KMG) te evalueer en te monitor. Die Beplannings Aanwysers Model (BAM) wat bestaan uit ‘n stel van ses-en- twintig aanwysers, is aangewend om te meet tot hoeverre die Metropolitaanse Ruimtelike Ontwikkelings Raamwerk grondgebruik en fisiese ontwikkeling in die Kaapse Metropolitaanse Gebied beïnvloed het. Om die doelwit van hierdie studie te verwesenlik, is die navorsing gedoen in drie fases. Die eerste fase bestaan uit ‘n oorsig van die literatuur en die tweede fase uit onderhoude met amptenare verantwoordelik vir beplanning. Die laaste fase beslaan die versameling van die verskillende tematiese stelle data wat benodig word vir die Beplannings Aanwysers Model. Die stelle data is gebruik om die ruimtelike- en tydsvariasies in die konformering- en prestasie indekse te monitor en ten toon te stel in die vorm van kaarte. Hierdie kaarte is gebruik om die gebiede te identifiseer waar sterkpunte behoue moet bly en waar swakpunte reggestel moet word. Uit die stel van 26 aanwysers wat gebruik is vir hierdie studie, het net twee aanwysers konformering (Die groei van dorpsgebiede met informele behuising) gedurende die periode 1993 – 1998 gemonitor; die ander het eenvoudig die huidige toestand aangetoon. Dit beteken dat die ander aanwysers nie tendense aangetoon het nie. Die data word egter in hierdie verslag weergee as ‘n nuttige basis vir die toekomstige monitor van konformering en prestasie. Die studie toon ook aan dat daar gedurende die afgelope twaalf jaar baie deur plaaslike owerhede gedebatteer is oor die Metropolitaanse Ruimtelike Ontwikkelings Raamwerk. Ook oorvleuel sommige van die aanwysers en moet hulle meer duidelik omskryf word. Dus word daar aanbeveel dat sommige van die aanwysers gekombineer moet word om duplikasie en verwarring te voorkom. Oor die algemeen kan die Beplanning Aanwysers Model help om die impak van ruimtelike beplanning op die Kaapse Metropolitaanse Gebied te bevorder.
Ozcan, Yavuzoglu Seyma. "An Evaluation Of Clustering And Districting Models For Household Socio-economic Indicators In Address-based Population Register System". Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611471/index.pdf.
de-facto&rdquo
(static) but as &ldquo
de-jure&rdquo
(real-time) by the new Address Based Register Information System (ABPRS). Besides, by this new register based census, personal information is matched with their address information and censuses gained a spatial dimension. Data obtained from this kind of a system can be a great input for the creation of &ldquo
small statistical areas (SSAs)&rdquo
which can compose of street blocks or any other small geographical unit to which social data can be referenced and to establish a complete census geography for Turkey. Because, statistics on large administrative units are only necessary for policy design only at an extremely abstracted level of analysis which is far from "
real"
problems as experienced by individuals. In this thesis, it is aimed to employ some spatial clustering and districting methodologies to automatically produce SSAs which are basically built upon the ABPRS data that is geo-referenced with the aid of geographical information systems (GIS) and thus help improving the census geography concept which is limited with only higher level administrative boundaries in Turkey. In order to have a clear idea of what strategy to choose for its realization, small area identification criteria and methodologies are searched by looking into the United Nations&rsquo
recommendations and by taking some national and international applications into consideration. In addition, spatial clustering methods are examined for obtaining SSAs which fulfills these criteria in an automated fashion. Simulated annealing on k-means clustering, only k-means clustering and simulated annealing on k-means clustering of Self-Organizing Map (SOM) unified distances are deemed as suitable methods. Then these methods are implemented on parcel and block datasets having either raw data or socio-economic status (SES) indices in nine neighborhoods of Keç
iö
ren whose graphical and non-graphical raw data are manipulated, geo-referenced and combined in common basemaps. Consequently, simulated annealing refinement on k-means clustering of SOM u-distances is selected as the optimum method for constructing SSAs for all datasets after making a comparative quality assessment study which allows us to see how much each method obeyed the basic criteria of small area identification while creating SSA layers.
Burn, Laurie. "Isotopic and elemental tracers in ice and snow as indicators of source regions of aerosols and changing environmental conditions". Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/152.
Dagnino, Ricardo de Sampaio 1976. "Dinâmica demográfica e indicadores socioeconômicos em escala intramunicipal na fronteira : municípios de Altamira e São Félix do Xingu, Estado do Pará, entre 2000 e 2010". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281253.
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho trata das diferenças socioeconômicas existentes no interior dos municípios de Altamira e São Félix do Xingu (PA), situados na fronteira de expansão amazônica. A metodologia desenvolvida compreende três procedimentos. O primeiro, de aquisição da informação, foi a construção de 52 indicadores socioeconômicos (taxa de analfabetismo, renda, etc.) e demográficos (estrutura etária, razão de sexos, etc.) referidos ao nível intramunicipal. A fonte utilizada foram os Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010 e a Contagem de População 2007, do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), que apresentam dados agregados por setores censitários (que totalizavam 154 em 2000 e 315 em 2010), que é a menor unidade de representação dos dados. O segundo procedimento, já de tratamento da informação, foi a definição de 29 unidades espaciais intra e trans municipais mediante o agrupamento dos setores censitários de acordo com sua situação (rural e urbana), categoria de localidade (povoado, vila, cidade, etc.) e critérios que garantam o acompanhamento de sua trajetória temporal (2000 a 2010). O terceiro, apoiado nas matrizes ponderadas e permutáveis de Bertin, permite o cruzamento dos 52 indicadores com as 29 unidades espaciais, e levou à construção de 11 agrupamentos dessas unidades, possibilitando a verificação de diferenças (e semelhanças) socioeconômicas entre eles. Dado que objeto de análise concebido pela metodologia é o espaço intramunicipal, torna-se possível captar diferenças socioeconômicas existentes entre: (1) unidades espaciais urbanas e rurais; (2) unidades espaciais urbanas da mesma categoria; (3) unidades rurais situadas dentro e fora de áreas protegidas; (4) unidades rurais situadas nos dois tipos de áreas protegidas (terras indígenas e unidades de conservação). Os resultados obtidos permitem análises de tipo sincrônico, através de comparações entre indicadores de distintos agrupamentos no mesmo ano e explicitam correlações entre indicadores relativos a um mesmo agrupamento, como renda e analfabetismo; e diacrônico, que possibilitam avaliar e correlacionar a evolução temporal de distintos indicadores do mesmo agrupamento. Num plano mais genérico, considera-se que as características da metodologia desenvolvida tornam possível seu emprego para avaliar diferenças socioeconômicas existentes entre agregados populacionais selecionados segundo critérios de distintas naturezas (administrativa, ambiental, social, entre outras possibilidades)
Abstract: This works deals with the internal socioeconomic differences on the municipalities of Altamira and São Félix do Xingu, Pará state, situated on the frontier expansion of Amazonia The methodology comprises three procedures. The first, acquiring information, was the construction of 52 socioeconomic indicators (illiteracy, income, etc.) and demographic indicators (age structure, sex ratio, etc.) referred to intra-municipal level. The source used was the Demographic Census of 2000 and 2010 and the 2007 Population Count, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), that present data aggregated by census tracts (between 100 and 300, depending on the year), which is the smallest unit data representation. The second procedure, processing information, was the definition of 29 intra and trans municipal spatial units by grouping census tracts according to their situation (rural and urban) and type of locality (village, town, city, etc.) and criteria that enable the monitoring of its temporal trajectory (2000-2010). The third, supported by the Bertin's "weighted and exchangeable matrix", permitting the "cross" of the 52 indicators with 29 spatial units, led to the construction of 11 units of these clusters, allowing the verification of socioeconomical differences (and similarities) between them. Since the object of analysis, designed by the methodology, is intramunicpal space, it becomes possible to capture existing socioeconomic differences between: (1) urban and rural spatial units; (2) urban spatial units of the same type; (3) rural units located within and outside protected areas; and (4) rural units located in two types of protected areas (indigenous lands and conservation units). The results obtained allows synchronic analysis, by comparing between indicators of different classes in the same year and explain correlations between indicators of the same group, such as income and illiteracy; and diachronic, in order to assess and correlate the temporal evolution of different indicators in the same group and the same indicator for the different groups. On a more general level, it is considered that the characteristics of the developed methodology make its use possible to evaluate existing socioeconomic differences among population clusters that transcend municipal division designed according to criteria of different natures
Doutorado
Demografia
Doutor em Demografia
Rambo, Henrike [Verfasser] y Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Möllmann. "From fish biodiversity indicators to spatial risk assessments : Towards the integration of Blue Growth and conservation objectives in the German Bight / Henrike Rambo ; Betreuer: Christian Möllmann". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148650520/34.
Vilmi, A. (Annika). "Assessing freshwater biodiversity:insights from different spatial contexts, taxonomic groups and response metrics". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2017. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526216669.
Tiivistelmä Makeanveden ekosysteemit ovat hyvin alttiita ihmistoiminnalle. Ekosysteemissä mahdollisesti tapahtuvien muutosten havaitseminen vaatii tehokkaita vesistöjen ekologisen tilan ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden arviointi- ja seurantamenetelmiä. Näiden menetelmien toimintaperiaatteen yleisenä tausta-ajatuksena on, että biologiset yhteisöt määräytyvät paikallisten ympäristöolojen mukaan. Tietyn paikan yhteisön oletetaan siis heijastavan kyseisen paikan ympäristön tilaa. Viime aikoina tausta-ajatus paikallisten ympäristöolojen merkityksestä ainoana eliöyhteisöjä muovaavana tekijänä on kuitenkin kohdannut kritiikkiä. Kriitikot painottavat, että biologisten yhteisöjen rakenteeseen vaikuttavat monet muutkin asiat kuin paikalliset ympäristöolosuhteet ja niissä tapahtuvat ihmisperäiset muutokset. Väitöskirjassani tutkin sisävesien luonnon monimuotoisuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Olin erityisen kiinnostunut siitä, näkyykö tutkituissa biologisissa parametreissa maantieteellisessä tilassa ilmeneviä spatiaalisia säännönmukaisuuksia. Saadakseni mahdollisimman laaja-alaisen käsityksen luonnon monimuotoisuudessa esiintyvistä spatiaalisista säännönmukaisuuksista, tutkin useaa spatiaalista kontekstia, eliöryhmää ja indeksiä. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että paikalliset ympäristöolosuhteet eivät ole ainoita luonnon monimuotoisuuteen vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Erilaiset spatiaaliset säännönmukaisuudet, todennäköisesti eliöiden levittäytymiseen liittyvien seikkojen aiheuttamina, olivat yllättävän yleisiä makeiden vesien eliöyhteisöjen rakenteessa ja niihin perustuvien indeksien arvoissa. Tutkimussysteemien spatiaalinen konteksti (alueen laajuus ja paikkojen väliset spatiaaliset suhteet) selvästi vaikutti luonnon monimuotoisuutta kuvastavien indeksien arvojen vaihteluun. Lisäksi selvisi, että eri eliöryhmät ja indeksit olivat useimmiten liitoksissa hyvin erilaisiin selittäviin muuttujiin, osoittaen, että nämä mittarit kuvastavat eri asioita. Väitöskirjassa esitetyt havainnot on tärkeää huomioida vesistöjen ekologisen tilan ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden arviointi- ja seurantamenetelmiä kehitettäessä. Spatiaalisen kontekstin merkitys olisi hyvä huomioida myös nykyisten arviointi- ja seurantamenetelmien tuottamien tulosten tulkinnassa
Anderson, Victoria, Isaac Shockley, Arpita Nandi y Ingrid Luffman. "Geostatistical Approach to Delineate Wetland Boundaries in the Cutshaw Bog, Tennessee". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/37.
Ioannidou, Despoina. "Characterization of environmental inequalities due to Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in France : developing environmental data processing methods to spatialize exposure indicators for PAH substances". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1176.
Reducing environmental exposure inequalities has become a major focus of public health efforts in France, as evidenced by the French action plans for health and the environment. The aim of this thesis is to develop an integrated approach to characterize environmental inequalities and evaluate the spatialized exposure to PAH in France.The data produced as part of the monitoring quality networks of environmental media reflect the actual contamination of the environment and the overall exposure of the populations. However they do not always provide an adequate spatial resolution to characterize environmental exposures as they are usually not assembled for this specific purpose. Statistical methods are employed to process input databases (environmental concentrations in water, air and soil) in the objective of characterizing the exposure. A multimedia model interfaced with a GIS, allows the integration of environmental variables in order to yield exposure doses related to ingestion of food, water and soil as well as atmospheric contaminants' inhalation.The methodology was applied to three Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon substances, (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene), in France. The results obtained, allowed to map exposure indicators and to identify areas of overexposure and characterize environmental determinants. In the context of exposure characterization, the direct spatialization of available data from environmental measurement datasets poses a certain number of methodological questions which lead to uncertainties related to the sampling and the spatial and temporal representativeness of data. These could be reduced by acquiring additional data or by constructing predictive variables for the spatial and temporal phenomena considered.Data processing algorithms and calculation of exposure carried out in this work, will be integrated in the French coordinated integrated environment and health platform-PLAINE in order to be applied on other pollutants and prioritize preventative actions
Zwickl, Klara y Mathias Moser. "Informal environmental regulation of industrial air pollution: Does neighborhood inequality matter?" WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4420/1/EcolEcon_WorkingPaper_2015_1.pdf.
Series: Ecological Economic Papers
Zetterberg, Andreas. "Network Based Tools and Indicators for Landscape Ecological Assessments, Planning, and Design". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10011.
Ibrahim, Rebwar. "Assessing sustainable urban forms in Erbil city of Iraq". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/621918.
Pinger, Andrew James. "Application of GIS and Spatial Analysis of Golden Eagle Fatalities Caused by Wind Turbines at the Altamont Pass Wind Resource". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/197.
Boszczowski, Ícaro. "Análise espacial da ocorrência de infecções bacterianas da corrente sanguínea causadas por agentes multirresistentes em unidades de terapia intensiva do estado de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-06012017-124622/.
Introduction - Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs is a result of microrganisms adaptive mechanisms and poses a great problem for public health because this phenomenon limits therapeutic options, especially for critical patients. The emergence of resistant pathogens in the hospital setting and their epidemiological behavior is a complex event with multiple causes. Selective pressure due to the use of these drugs has been evident since we started using penicillin for clinical purposes. However, interactions between selective pressure and other determinants like social, economic and geographic need to be better understood. Objetives - 1.To investigate the occurrence of spatial dependency among intensive care units (ICU) in the state of São Paulo related to the incidence of bloodstream infection caused by multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO). 2.To investigate the association of the incidence of bloodstream infection caused by MDROs, socioeconomic and health indicators. Method - We planned a descriptive, ecologic and multilevel study involving ICUs of the state of São Paulo. The incidences of bloodstream infection caused by a priori defined six MDROs reported to the State Health Department between 2008 and 2011 were defined as dependent variables. Independent variables were the global consumption (community and hospital) of antimicrobial drugs during the period of the study which was obtained from sales database of IMS Health Brazil, a sales prospecting company. Socioeconomic, quality and access to healthcare services indicators were obtained from Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Sistema Estadual de Análises de Dados (SEADE). We used a hierarchical model (multilevel) including socioeconomic variables distally, quality and access to healthcare services medially and antimicrobial use proximally. Because of the great number of zeros observed within the dependent variable (34% to 85% depending on the pathogen), the likelihood was modeled based on a Poisson distribution inflated with zeros. The models were adjusted following an INLA approach, determining non-informative prioris for the variables \"municipality\" and \"hospital\". Analysis were performed using R 3.2.1 software, INLA packages 0.0-1432754561 and INLAOutputs 0.0.2. Results - We identified significant positive association between global consumption of penicillin and negative association with higher Gini index both with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We did not identified other significant associations between global antimicrobial use, socioeconomic and healthcare indicators and multiresistant organisms causing bloodstream infections. There were greater incidences of vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE), carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter sp, third generation cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in public hospitals compared to philanthropic hospitals and there were lower incidences of VRE, carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter sp, third generation cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Santas Casas compared to philanthropic hospitals. Finally, we observed greater incidence of third generation cephalosporin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in private hospitals compared to philanthropic hospitals. Conclusions - 1. We observed that, although not consistently, for most of analized pathogens, in different years, form geographic clusters, i.e they are not randomly spatially distributed. 2. Based on our findings, the incidence of bloodstream infections caused by MDROs in ICUs are not related to global antimicrobial use, except for the relation between penicillin use and MRSA infection. 3. We observed that greater income concentration is related to lower incidence of MRSA. 4. The lower incidences of bloodstream infections caused by MDROs in Santas Casas might be a surrogate for social inequality confirming the finding of higher Gini index related to lowest MRSA infection or, alternatively being related to poor laboratory diagnostic performance. 5. Further studies exploring the observed relationship between greater income concentration and low incidence of MDRO infections in ICU are needed
Kocha, Jahnavi. "A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Uranium Concentrations at the Abandoned New Hope Method Mine in the Mojave Desert". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2237.
Libório, Rogério Aparecido. "Efeitos de florestas ripárias em restauração em ecossistemas de riachos tropicais numa paisagem agrícola". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9034.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
The conversion of natural areas to human activities in watersheds is the main cause of riparian forest degradation, which, consequently, decreases the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, restoration of riparian forests has been recommended as the best strategy for the recovery of streams in watersheds deforested by land use and cover. In Brazil, projects of riparian forest restoration are still recent and little is known about their effects on adjacent streams ecosystems. This study evaluated the effects of riparian forest restoration on stream water quality and aquatic macroinvertebrate communities using the multiple spatial scales approach. Sampling was carried out using the field protocol developed by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States of America (US-EPA). We compared streams with natural riparian forests, streams with riparian forests in restoration and streams with riparian zones covered by pasture or grasses. A 150m reach was defined in each stream, and measurements of the physical structure of habitats and water quality were made, as well as samples of aquatic macroinvertebrates. Land-use and cover of each stream sub-basin was carried out through an environmental characterization of the landscape. Riparian forest restoration did not affect stream water quality and biological diversity after 10 and 13 years of project implementation, suggesting that the recovery of tropical streams in response to riparian forest restoration may be slow in sub-basin heavily altered by human activities. The present study fills a knowledge gap on the effects of riparian restoration and suggests the need for further studies and long term evaluations integrating new riparian forest restoration projects in watersheds with different intensities of human degradation to better understand the effects of the implementation of these projects on the quality of stream water and aquatic communities.
A conversão de áreas naturais para as atividades humanas nas bacias hidrográficas é a principal causa da degradação de florestas ripárias, o que, consequentemente, diminui a integridade dos ecossistemas aquáticos. Assim a restauração de florestas ripárias tem sido recomendada como a melhor estratégia visando à recuperação de riachos em bacias desmatadas pelo uso e ocupação do solo. No Brasil, projetos de restauração de florestas ripárias ainda são recentes e pouco se conhece sobre os seus efeitos nos ecossistemas de riachos adjacentes. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos de florestas ripárias em restauração na qualidade da água e nas comunidades de macroinvertebrados aquáticos de riachos, utilizando a abordagem de múltiplas escalas espaciais de investigação. Para a amostragem, foi utilizado o protocolo desenvolvido pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental Norte-Americana (US-EPA). Foram comparados riachos com floresta ripária natural, floresta ripária em restauração e com zonas ripárias alteradas por pastagem ou gramíneas. Um trecho de 150 m foi definido em cada riacho e em cada trecho foram realizadas medidas da estrutura física dos habitats e da qualidade da água e amostragens de macroinvertebrados aquáticos. Na microbacia de cada riacho foi realizada a caracterização ambiental da paisagem para analisar o uso e ocupação do solo. A floresta ripária em restauração após 10 e 13 anos de implantação não afetou a qualidade da água e a diversidade biológica, sugerindo que a recuperação de riachos tropicais em resposta à restauração de florestas ripárias pode ser lenta em bacias hidrográficas fortemente alteradas pelas atividades humanas. O presente estudo preenche uma lacuna de conhecimento sobre os efeitos de florestas ripárias em restauração em riachos de paisagens rurais e sugere a necessidade de mais estudos e avaliações em longo prazo, integrando novos projetos de restauração de floresta ripária em bacias hidrográficas com diferentes intensidades vii de degradação humana, para melhor se compreender os efeitos da implantação destes projetos na qualidade da água e comunidades aquáticas.
FAPESP: 2013/19950-9
Farias, Flávia Baluz Bezerra de. "Indicador de cobertura pré-natal: uma análise espacial em São Luis/MA". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-20022015-151947/.
The Ministry of Health recommends that prenatal care should be performed regularly and completely, with the minimum number of six visits. Considering this aspect, the analysis of the distribution of indicator prenatal coverage, according to geographical areas, is a valuable tool for research in maternal and child health by contributing to the understanding of the processes involved in determining the health of women and newborns. The objective of the study was to analyze the spatial distribution of antenatal coverage compared maternal characteristics in São Luís/MA. This is a research of the ecological type carried out in São Luís/MA with a random sample of 2,019. The data collection of births occurred in 2012, was the period from July to October 2013, the Municipal Health Secretary of São Luís, throught the Live Birth Information System. The sample`s addresses were corrected with the use of Google Earth, version 7.1.2.2041, and the pursuit of latitude and longitude coordinates for http://batchgeo.com/ site to be georeferenced by terraView, version 4.2.2 program. The geographic coordinates of the city were obtained by projecting lat/long and datum WGS-84 and were converted to SIRGAS 2000/UTM. Patterns of spatial density using spatial statistical analysis were obtained using the technique of kernel smoothing and preparation of maps in ArcGIS, version 10.1. The results showed that most mothers were in adulthood (85,29%), 96,53% had more than 9 years of education, 65,77% had a partner, 80,14% had children dead, 51,42 % were primiparous, 97,67% with single pregnancy, 56,76% underwent cesarean delivery and 67,27% were full-term. As for antenatal visits, 13,72% had insufficient number of queries, 38,24% were regular and 48,04% were sufficient. There was a significant association of maternal age (p<0,0000), years of education (p<0,0000), parity (p<0,0000), gestational age (p<0,0000) and mode of delivery with prenatal coverage (p <0.0000), as well as marital status (p=0,0007) and stillbirths (p=0,0319). As the condition of prenatal coverage by health districts, it was observed that sufficient prenatal visits were done in the Districts Cohab with the highest percentage (56,9%), Vila Esperança (54,5%) and Bequimão (51,6 %); regular antenatal visits were more expressive in Center Districts (51,3%) and Itaqui-Bacanga (42,4%); and insufficient consultations ranged between 11,5% and 1,.6% in all Districts. The results show a strong concentration of sufficient prenatal coverage in Tirirical and Cohab districts, demonstrating the need for continued vigilance in other districts who presented concentration of regular coverage until insufficient
Kolská, Kateřina. "Hodnocení rozvoje obcí v regionu Národního parku České Švýcarsko za pomoci indikátorů sociální, environmentální a ekonomické dimenze rozvoje". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75718.
Youssoufi, Samy. "Satisfaction résidentielle et configurations spatiales en milieu périurbain". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00903526.
Silva, Renata Braga Aguilar da. "Instrumento para avaliar a qualidade espacial de praças : estudo em praças de áreas centrais /". Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192650.
Resumo: A praça tem um significado importante na história das cidades brasileiras, pois reflete a cultura e os costumes da sociedade ao longo dos anos. Como elemento de convívio e de integração do espaço urbano, deve promover o encontro, a diversidade e a circulação segura e eficiente. Formada por elementos morfológicos e aspectos positivos e negativos, os diferentes tipos de configuração espacial e composição podem influenciar na qualidade espacial e permanência dos usuários nesse local. Entender como esses elementos são percebidos tanto por pesquisadores quanto pelos usuários pode ser o primeiro passo para identificar quais elementos físicos e morfológicos podem contribuir, ou não, para a escolha dos usuários em permanecer e usufruir desse local. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um instrumento para avaliar a qualidade espacial de praças, a partir dos elementos físicos e morfológicos que compõe quatro planos bidimensionais da praça e de seu entorno imediato (praça, calçada, rua e fachada) e que envolvem os usuários no espaço público. A metodologia consiste na aplicação de multimétodos, sendo o instrumento composto por quatro fases de avaliação: (i) análise dos aspectos físicos dos planos bidimensionais que envolvem os usuários (praça, calçada, rua e fachada), por meio de indicadores de desempenho e um índice denominado Índice de Qualidade Espacial de Praças (IQEP); (ii) análise da influência da forma, dos aspectos e elementos morfológicos da praça e de seu entorno ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The square has an important significance in the history of Brazilian cities because it reflects the culture and customs of the society over the years. As an element of relief and integration of the urban space, it must promote meeting, diversity, safe and efficient circulation. Formed by morphological elements and positive and negative aspects, the different types of spatial configuration and composition can influence the spatial quality and permanence of users in that location. Understanding how these elements are perceived by both researchers and users can be the first step in identifying which physical and morphological elements may or may not contribute to the users' choice to stay and enjoy this place. In this context, the objective of this research is to propose an instrument to assess the spatial quality of the squares, from the physical and morphological elements that make up four two-dimensional planes of the square and its immediate surroundings (square, sidewalk, street and facade) and that involve users in the public space. The methodology consists of the application of multimethod, being the instrument composed of four evaluation phases : (i) analysis of the physical aspects of two-dimensional plans that involve users (square, sidewalk, street and façade), through performance indicators and an index called the Spatial Quality Square Index (in Portuguese Índice de Qualidade Espacial de Praças - IQEP); (ii) analysis of the influence of shape, aspects and morphologi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Louda, Jiří. "Kritická analýza metod hodnocení ekonomického a ekologického rozvoje území". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76857.