Bibliografías temáticas / Spatial indicators

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Spatial indicators"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 22 de junio de 2024

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros

Elija tipo de fuente:

Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Spatial indicators".

Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.

Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Spatial indicators":

Yang, Jun, Xiangyu Luo, Yixiong Xiao, Shaoqing Shen, Mo Su, Yuqi Bai y Peng Gong. "Comparing the Use of Spatially Explicit Indicators and Conventional Indicators in the Evaluation of Healthy Cities: A Case Study in Shenzhen, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 20 (12 de octubre de 2020): 7409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207409.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Various indicator systems have been developed to monitor and assess healthy cities. However, few of them contain spatially explicit indicators. In this study, we assessed four health determinants in Shenzhen, China, using both indicators commonly included in healthy city indicator systems and spatially explicit indicators. The spatially explicit indicators were developed using detailed building information or social media data. Our results showed that the evaluation results of districts and sub-districts in Shenzhen based on spatially explicit indicators could be positively, negatively, or not associated with the evaluation results based on conventional indicators. The discrepancy may be caused by the different information contained in the two types of indicators. The spatially explicit indicators measure the quantity of the determinants and the spatial accessibility of these determinants, while the conventional indicators only measure the quantity. Our results also showed that social media data have great potential to represent the high-resolution population distribution required to estimate spatially explicit indicators. Based on our findings, we recommend that spatially explicit indicators should be included in healthy city indicator systems to allow for a more comprehensive assessment of healthy cities.

Sadovyy, I. I., N. M. Stupen, K. K. Zholamanov, O. M. Kulbaka y M. O. Grek. "Indicators improvement of territories spatial development". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1254, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2023): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1254/1/012095.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Abstract Land use planning of territorial communities is an important component of creating rational sustainable land use. The key task of planning is to find a balance between the economic and ecological components of land use. The most effective agricultural land on the territory of communities is arable land. Advanced modern software and the remote zoning data amount of land make it possible to conduct a complete analysis of land resources condition. To evaluate project decisions, plan indicators and determine land use trends, it is necessary to use integrated indicators that comprehensively describe spatial characteristics. On the basis of complex numbers, it is offered to use an indicator that consists of the territory assessment arableness and the area of land massifs to the perimeter ratio. For the assessment, a “reference” project is used, which was created taking into account the developed recommendations. The integration of the indicator makes it possible to indirectly evaluate the ecological and economic component of agricultural activity. The use of complex numbers makes it possible to expand the use of analysis tools and the capabilities of computing technology.

Minat, Valerij. "Spatial Inhomogene in USA Innovation". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, n.º 2 (julio de 2021): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/ek.jvolsu.2021.2.13.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

The subject of this study is the spatially heterogeneous innovation activity carried out at the regional(meso) level of the United States, analyzed and evaluated on the basis of qualitative indicators (indicators and integral indicator) of the level of innovation potential and innovation activity of regional innovation systems that have received development and statistical accounting of the results of these activities in within specific states. The identified combinations, high correlation dependence and interconnection of indicators of the innovative potential and innovative activity of regional innovation systems of the US states, made it possible to substantiate a number of trends in the development of these systems, to assess the features of spatial integration and, at the same time, the different-level differentiation of these systems, reflecting the heterogeneity and uneven development innovation activity on the “center- peripheral” principle. The final typology of regional innovation systems of the US states, based on the logarithmically normal distribution of the indices of innovation activity and the integral indicator of the level of innovative potential of the average values for the period 2015–2019, results in a qualitative spatial diversity of these systems, determined by the joint influence of both economic phenomena on the deepening of heterogeneity and differentiation of the latter.

Pluto-Kossakowska, Joanna y Marika Cuprjak. "INDICATORS METHOD OF AESTHETICS ANALYSIS USING SPATIAL DATASETS". Space&FORM 2023, n.º 55 (29 de septiembre de 2023): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2023.55.c-03.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

The research aimed to propose and test a methodology for evaluating spatial aesthetics using a grid of basic fields and comparing them with indicators related to the administrative borders of municipalities. The indicators used in such analysis refer to attributes of the landscape that enable the assessment of its structure and components. This paper proposes a methodology for calculating selected indicators based on available spatial datasets. A mathematical formula was adapted or prepared for each indicator to determine its value using different datasets, including vector databases or raster files. The analyses of space order allowed presenting the spatial distribution in the form of maps and the possibility of adjusting the relevance of individual criteria, weights, and profiles.

Kosfeld, Reinhold, Hans-Friedrich Eckey y Matthias Türck. "LISA (Local Indicators of Spatial Association)". WiSt - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium 36, n.º 3 (2007): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0340-1650-2007-3-157.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Remme, Roy P., Lars Hein y Chris A. M. van Swaay. "Exploring spatial indicators for biodiversity accounting". Ecological Indicators 70 (noviembre de 2016): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.06.024.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Anselin, Luc. "Local Indicators of Spatial Association-LISA". Geographical Analysis 27, n.º 2 (3 de septiembre de 2010): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Chernykh, E. G. y K. R. Merkurieva. "Creating a special software module to assess the territory’s spatial development indicators". Geodesy and Cartography 998, n.º 8 (20 de septiembre de 2023): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2023-998-8-49-56.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

The article deals with the problem of assessing the spatial development of a complex entity. To solve the problem, the authors proposed the development of a software module using MapBasic for GIS MapInfo, which greatly simplifies and systematizes the user`s work to form an initial database of the territory spatial development indicators. The accumulated and systematized data form them, and they enable clear demonstrating the results of correlation analysis for the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, HMAO and the South of the Tyumen Oblast, RF. The program module implements the formation of the current indicator’s evaluation model and the forecast of the settlement lands cadastral value’s specific indicator based on multilevel filtering of selected pairs of indicators. The authors note the possibility of integrating the developed module into the existing domestic software of geoinformation systems for the convenience of reorienting projects from one software to another

Craig, Ailish, Craig W. Hutton y Justin Sheffield. "Social Capital Typologies and Sustainable Development: Spatial Patterns in the Central and Southern Regions of Malawi". Sustainability 14, n.º 15 (31 de julio de 2022): 9374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159374.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Bonding, bridging and linking social capital can be a useful mechanism to promote sustainable development in low-income countries. Social capital typologies vary spatially, with the rural poor having a specific combination. Similarly, bonding, bridging and linking social capital’s association with sustainable development is also likely to differ spatially across a country, but there is limited research in low-income countries. This study aims to improve understanding of the spatial variation of bonding, bridging and linking social capital in low-income countries using Malawi as a case study. Using secondary data and spatial statistics, including kriging and geographically weighted regression, we explore the spatial variation of social capital typologies and their spatial associations with various sustainable development indicators. There were three key combinations of bonding, bridging and linking social capital, which differ from the standard model of social capital typologies for the rural poor. We also found social capital’s association with sustainable development indicators depends on the social capital typology, study area and the sustainable development indicator in question. With this in mind, development practitioners, researchers and policymakers should aim to understand the specific social capital context prior to sustainable development research or project implementation.

Hidayati, Destia Wahyu. "Correlation of Resilience and Spatial Ability In Distance Material". Daya Matematis: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Matematika 8, n.º 2 (12 de julio de 2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jdm.v8i2.13861.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Spatial material was material that was very useful in everyday life. Students often had difficulty in imagining spatial objects. Students would had no difficulty in imagining spatial objects if they had good spatial ability. Resilience was needed to learn spatial ability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a relationship between resilience and spatial ability and how many the coefficient correlation was, and to find out dominant indicators of resilience so that there was a relationship between resilience and spatial ability in students in the upper, middle, and lower groups. This research was a qualitative-quantitative mixed research. The research instrument was used a test of spatial ability in distance and resilience scale material. The data analysis technique was used the correlation test and data triangulation method. The conclusions of this study were (1) there was a relationship between resilience and spatial ability of 56%, (2) indicators of resilience 'willing to socialize, easy to provide assistance, discuss with peers, and adapt to the environment' were dominant in the upper, middle, and lower groups , resilience indicator ‘use failure experiences to build self-motivation’ was dominant in the upper group, resilience indicators ‘show curiosity, reflect, examine, utilize a variety of dominant sources in the upper group, indicators of resilience perseverance, confidence, work hard, not easy to give up facing problems, failures and uncertainties' were dominant in the lower classes.

Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Spatial indicators":

Farragher, Tracey Marie. "Spatial epidemiology of indicators of male reproductive health in Scotland". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29096.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Objectives: (i) Describe the geographical distributions of three indicators of male reproductive health in Scotland (i.e. testicular cancer, cryptorchidism and hypospadias); (ii) Describe the conjoint geographical distribution of the three indicators specified in (i); and (iii) Identify explanatory factors that might account for the geographical distribution of male reproductive health in Scotland. Methods: An epidemiology study modelling the geographical distributions using routinely collected data of the three indicators. Results: There are similarities in the spatial pattern of the cryptorchidism and hypospadias relative risks, with both conditions having clusters of high relative risks in the East and South-West of Scotland. The spatial variation of the testicular cancer relative risks is not similar to the other two conditions nor is it conclusive that it, has a distinct spatial pattern. The relative risks of the postcode sectors for all the indicators are associated with radon measurements and the rural/urban indicator. The spatial analysis of individual information concerning the cryptorchidism cases indicate that the spatial variation of the relative risks might also be explained by individual information; namely maternal age and co-morbidity with hypospadias. Conclusions; There does appear to be geographically varying risk factors associated with these three conditions. Furthermore, as the spatial variation of cryptorchidism and hypospadias is similar it is likely that they have some common aetiology. As the same risk factors were found to be associated with testicular cancer and the congenital malformations, then this carcinoma appears to share some aetiology with cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Therefore there are geographically varying risk factors whose exposure occurs in utero, that are associated with all three conditions, providing some evidence to support the proposed hypothesis. Further studies are required to investigate the associations between all the disease/conditions of male reproductive health and the various potential risk factors.

Lantto, M. (Maija). "Spatial analysis of eutrophication-related indicators in the northern Bothnian Bay". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201605071653.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

At present, eutrophication is one of the biggest threats to the Baltic Sea environment. Eutrophication is a process in which water body gathers essential plant nutrients, mainly phosphorus and nitrogen into its system. Eutrophication causes a variety of changes to the marine environment. These effects include an increased primary production, turbidity and sedimentation, the occurrence of anoxia and hypoxia, as well as changes in macroalgal community structures. The most common parameters used to study the negative effects of eutrophication on the environment are nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, water transparency and oxygen. In the past, several efforts and actions were made in order to minimize the negative effects of eutrophication to the sea, for example by European directives. Some of these directives require the use of biological quality elements such as marine flora and fauna as an indicator for the water quality. Because of these requirements, it is important to study the use of filamentous algae as an indicator of eutrophication. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the impact of land use on the environmental indicators of eutrophication and the opportunity to use filamentous algae as an indicator of eutrophication in the Bothnian Bay. The study area is situated in the Finnish side of the Bay, extending from the city of Oulu in south to the city of Tornio in north. This thesis analyses the impact of the land use practices on the environmental indicators of eutrophication by determining the optimum buffer sizes for land use. Different land use practices show clear correlations to the environmental variables and, based on these results, it can be stated that there is a connection between the two components. In order to investigate the correlation between filamentous algae and eutrophication indicators, the used indicators needed were interpolated to the whole study area. The interpolation was needed, because the datasets were collected from different areas and the resolution of the data of the filamentous algae was much higher. Since the amount of data points from the environmental variables was relatively low with 59 sites, 61 additional data points were chosen to increase the coverage of the data. Linear regression models were created for the environmental variables and based on these models values were estimated for the added data point. The interpolations of the environmental variables were compared with the average values of filamentous algae with the help of Spearman’s rho correlation matrix. In the tests, statistically significant correlations towards the environmental indicators of eutrophication were found. The analyses indicate a connection between the amounts of filamentous algae and eutrophication related indicators. Based on this, in can be concluded that filamentous algae is a useful indicator of eutrophication in the northern Bothnian Bay, when it is used together with other eutrophication indicators. However, attention needs to be paid when comparing data of filamentous algae in a large scale, since other physical factors, such as water temperature, have a significant impact to the distribution and abundance of the algae.

MOURA, IURI BARROSO DE. "BRT TRANSOESTE: ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25321@1.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Este estudo apresenta uma avaliação do projeto BRT Transoeste, no município do Rio de Janeiro - RJ, sob a perspectiva da mobilidade e do desenvolvimento urbano sustentáveis. O BRT Transoeste consiste no primeiro sistema Bus Rapid Transit implantado no município e foi proposto inicialmente visando atender a compromisso, em termos de mobilidade urbana, da Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro com o Comitê Olímpico Internacional – COI para realização dos Jogos Olímpicos de 2016. Este sistema, que atravessa bairros das Áreas de Planejamento 4 (Barra da Tijuca) e 5 (Zona Oeste) da cidade, foi concebido para exercer a função de sistema estruturador de transporte de passageiros de sua área de influência. Com o auxílio de Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG, foram analisados indicadores associados à cobertura espacial do sistema, às condições de circulação no espaço urbano, ao uso e a ocupação do solo e ao ordenamento territorial em sua Área de Influência Direta. Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise destes indicadores espaciais foram avaliados através de seis princípios de desenho ou projeto para cidades sustentáveis desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa Móbile, da COPPE/UFRJ. Estes princípios evidenciam a necessidade de integração do planejamento de transporte e do uso do solo para promoção da mobilidade e do desenvolvimento urbano sustentáveis.
This study presents a BRT Transoeste project evaluation in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from a sustainable mobility and urban development perspective. The BRT Transoeste is the first Bus Rapid Transit system implemented in the municipality and was proposed initially to fufill the agreement between Rio de Janeiro City Government and the International Olympic Committee for the 2016 Olympic Games. This system crossing the city neighborhoods in Planning Area 4 (Barra da Tijuca) and 5 (West Side) was envisioned to work as a passenger transportation structuring system for its area of influence. The Geographic Information System – GIS helped analyze indicators associated with the system s spatial coverage, urban space circulation conditions, land occupation, use and zoning laws in its direct area of influence. The Móbile Research Group (COPPE/UFRJ) developed six principles for sustainable city design to analyze results obtained for these spatial indicators. These principles make clear the need to integrate transportation and land use planning to promote sustainable mobility and urban development.

Sevenet, Marie. "La forme en 3D dans l'analyse spatiale des territoires urbanisés et de la durabilité urbaine". Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE2048/document.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Depuis le début XXIème siècle, les documents d’urbanisme s’attèlent à « reconstruire la ville sur la ville » et même à densifier le bâti existant. Or, non seulement les aspirations de la population ne vont pas nécessairement dans le même sens, mais encore, ce mode de construction implique une connaissance fine du volume urbain. L’attente de nouvelles méthodes d’analyse des territoires, combinant 2D et 3D, est forte dans le domaine de l’aménagement du territoire afin de densifier les espaces urbains et combler les vacuités tout en surélevant le bâti existant, et en respectant les principes d’un développement urbain durable soucieux de la qualité de vie. Cependant, les méthodes utilisées à ce jour à des fins de recherche fondamentale ou appliquée en aménagement, intègrent peu la 3D, c’est à dire la dimension verticale des éléments géographiques, naturels ou anthropiques. Le travail de recherche envisagé dans la thèse a pour objet l’intégration de la 3D dans l’analyse spatiale à l’aide de SIG, de l’analyse d’image et de l’analyse morphologique afin de proposer des nouvelles méthodes et des outils utiles aux acteurs du territoire
Since the beginning of the 21 century the urban planning documents are focused on the “reconstruction of the city inside the recent city territory” and results in the densification of the urban structure (e.g. elevating existing buildings or increasing compactness). However, this construction mode needs a detailed understanding of the urban volume. To meet this demand, new analysis methods are strongly desired, integrating 2D and 3D in urban planning. This might allow density increase in decaying inner urban areas while respecting the social sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life. However the currently used methods used in fundamental science or applied science rarely include the third dimension in their consideration; more detailed the vertical axis of geographical, natural or anthropogenic elements.The here presented thesis is dedicated to the integration of the 3D methods into the urban planning by the help of analysis with applied geographic information systems (GIS). The work focuses on image and morphology analysis for developing new methodologies and tools dedicated to different decision makers in urban context

TROGU, DANIELE. "Development of a methodology for spatial composite indicators: a case study on landscape". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266364.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

This thesis proposes a methodology for the construction of spatial composite indicators (SCI). The study starts from the premise that Composite Indicators (CIs) are regarded as very reliable tools to support decision processes. They are usually developed to describe complex phenomena of the reality in various domains, and more specifically, to rank spatial units (usually countries) in which a given indicator is calculated. Despite their wide use and their development, no attention has generally been paid to the spatial dimension of their input data and of their final score. Data are treated as normal statistical sampling, therefore their spatial structure and their spatial importance are considered to be equal across the spatial domain, without considerations about possible spatial variations. Nowadays, this appears to be a serious limit, considering the development of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI), which makes a large amount of spatial data available, and the development of spatial statistical techniques implemented in GIS, with combined together offer unprecedented opportunity for the spatialization of CIs.

Malioka, Vasiliki. "Condition indicators for the assessment of local and spatial deterioration of concrete structures /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18333.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Costa, Valéria Grace. "Indicadores socioespaciais do habitat em grandes cidades brasileiras: Belém e Rio de Janeiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16137/tde-22082012-114252/.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

O estudo tem a finalidade de avaliar e comparar a configuração espacial dos indicadores que caracterizam as carências socioespaciais em duas grandes cidades brasileiras: Belém e Rio de Janeiro. Para a construção dos indicadores socioespaciais do habitat foram utilizados os resultados da principal pesquisa domiciliar da Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE): o Censo Demográfico. O ano de referência é o de 2000. A elaboração de um índice sintético constituiu outra etapa da pesquisa, a partir do qual foram identificadas e mapeadas as áreas de carências socioespaciais. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que há semelhanças e diferenças quanto à configuração espacial das áreas de maiores carências socioespaciais nas duas cidades analisadas. Algumas das diferenças, entretanto, estão mais associadas à intensidade do que à configuração em si, denotando estágios diferenciados da evolução urbana e das carências socioespaciais das cidades. Quanto aos indicadores utilizados e analisados individualmente, foi possível constatar que se torna a cada dia mais difícil a obtenção de parâmetros universais para avaliar e medir as carências socioespaciais; contudo, alguns deles ainda se destacam neste sentido. Embora os resultados não tenham sido conclusivos, sugerem a necessidade e possibilidade de estabelecimentos de parâmetros regionais, metropolitanos e intraurbanos, no processo que envolve a seleção e elaboração de indicadores para a avaliação da localização das áreas de maiores carências socioespaciais, assim como as diversas formas de assentamentos informais.
This study has the purpose of evaluating and comparing the spatial configuration of the indicators characterizing the socio-spatial needs in two large Brazilian cities: Belém and Rio de Janeiro. For constructing the socio-spatial habitat indicators were used the results from the main household survey of the Brazilian Institute of Geography (IBGE): the Demographic Census. The reference year is 2000.The development of a synthetic index was another step in the research, from which have been identified and mapped the areas of socio-spatial deficiencies in the two cities.The survey results show that there are similarities and differences between such areas. Some of the differences, however, are more associated with the intensity of processes than the setting itself, showing different stages of urban development and socio-spatial deficiencies. As for the indicators used and analyzed individually, it was established that it becomes increasingly more difficult to obtain universal parameters to evaluate and measure the socio-spatial deficiencies, however some of them still stand out in this regard. Although the results were not conclusive, they suggest the need and possibility of using regional, metropolitan and intra-urban parameters, in processes involving selection and development of indicators for selection of socio-spatial areas with major needs, as well as the various forms of informal settlements.

Wagner, Matthew Earl. "Spatial patterns of phytoplankton and periphyton growth as indicators of estuarine condition in Escambia Bay, Florida". [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000010.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Dur, Fatih. "The integrated land use and transportation indexing model : assessing the sustainability of the Gold Coast, Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/54190/1/DurFatih_PhD_Thesis_20120511.pdf.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Urban sustainability and sustainable urban development concepts have been identified as the ultimate goal of many contemporary planning endeavours and have become central concepts on which the urban development policies are formulated. In the confinement of these concepts, land use and transport integration has been highlighted as one of the most important policy objectives considering the interrelationship between them and available intervention means of planning. While its interpretation varies, in Australia, it has been embraced as integration of land use and transport planning/policies and been an integral part of regional and local plans. Accordingly, a number of principles have been defined to guide its implementation, to name a few, planning for compact and connected urban development, encouraging active transport modes, creation of mixed-use activity centres and public transport precincts, provision of high quality public transport services, and enhancing character and amenity of urban areas. However, there is lack of an evaluation framework to measure the extent of achievement of implementation of these principles. In pursuit of filling this gap, this study aims to devise an evaluation framework to measure the performance of urban settings according to the integration principles in South East Queensland, Australia context and to demarcate problematic areas which can be intervened by planning tools...

Klein, David. "Regional Performance in Knowledge Economies : A Comparison of Performance Indicators and Regional Units across Spatial Econometric Models". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136299.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Policy makers, regional planners and the like have long tried in vain to come up with both economically profound and comprehensive regional policies. These policies are extremely important to achieve de- velopment goals in the European Union, which is why regulations for economic convergence and in- creasing competitiveness of regions are critical. Nowadays, technological progress poses new tasks for policy makers, as economic production shifted from industrial towards knowledge intensive processes. Therefore, it is widely accepted that knowledge is the new trigger of regional economic performance. Yet, established knowledge assets, such as creativity, human capital and entrepreneurship are scarcely studied jointly in research practice. This leaves the scientific community with a fragmented understand- ing of this topic, and can cause considerable confusion among policy makers. The aim of this paper is twofold. First, on the conceptual front, it investigates the role of knowledge assets for regional performance. The major question in this regard is whether the more recent creative class approach outperforms conventional human capital measures. Secondly, the paper aims to clarify both the significance of selecting regional performance indicators and the role of regional hierarchy. Work undertaken in this regard uses various indicators interchange- ably and often fails get to the bottom of what the choice of the indicator means for their approach. By the same token, there are persistent uncertainties about the choice and the relevance of regional units for spatial econometric analysis. Therefore, the analysis tries to study the consequences of choosing specific indicators and regional units. Using a general spatial model, the paper estimates a Cobb-Douglas production function of the economic performance of 290 Swedish municipalities between 2009 and 2014. With this mathematical approach, spatial autocorrelation and spatial error disturbances are eliminated, allowing for more comprehensive and spatially robust results. By doing so, multiple variables representing human capital, creativity, entre- preneurship and innovative activities are examined and compared across four models varying on re- gional scale and output indicators. This approach also controls for a set of industrial and socio-economic features of the regional environment. The study found significant differences for varying regional levels and performance indicators. Moreover, creativity, narrowly defined, seems to be most strongly linked to regional performance outperforming other variables, including human capital measures.

Más fuentes

Libros sobre el tema "Spatial indicators":

France. Ministère de l'Aménagement du Territoire et de l'Environnement. Aménagement de territoire et environnement: Politiques et indicateurs = Spatial planning and environment : policies and indicators. Orléans: Institut français de l'environnment, 2000.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Oyebanji, J. Oluwole. Social indicators and quality of life in Nigeria: A spatial analysis. Lagos State, Nigeria: Educational Professional & Scientific Publications, 1987.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Garrett, Thomas A. Regional disparities in the spatial correlation of state income growth. [St. Louis, Mo.]: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2005.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rebai, Noamen y Mohamed Mastere, eds. Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Socio-economic and Environmental Indicators for Sustainable Development. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21166-0.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

DGVII-DGXI-Eurostat-EEA Working Group of the SEA of the TEN. Spatial and ecological assessment of the TEN: Demonstration of indicators and GIS methods. Copenhagen: European Environment Agency, 1998.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Transport, European Commission Directorate-General, European Commission. Directorate-General for Environment, Nuclear Safety, and Civil Protection y European Environment Agency, eds. Spatial and ecological assessment of the TEN: Demonstration of indicators and GIS methods. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Fogel, Piotr. Wskaźniki oceny polityki i gospodarki przestrzennej w gminach: Indicators of evaluation spatial policy and spatial management on local community level. Warszawa: Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju PAN, 2012.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Swenson, David. Levels of urbanization and spatial patterns as indicators of socio-economic change in Iowa. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University, University Extension, 1994.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Cooper, Adam George. Deprivation indicators and education: A spatial study of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham and surrounding areas. London: University of East London, 1994.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Marc, Schlossberg, United States. Dept. of Transportation. Research and Special Programs Administration., California. Dept. of Transportation. y Mineta Transportation Institute, eds. Using spatial indicators for pre- and post-development analysis of TOD areas: A case study of Portland and the Silicon Valley. San Jose, CA: Mineta Transportation Institute, 2004.

Buscar texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Más fuentes

Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Spatial indicators":

Kitchin, Rob, Tracey P. Lauriault y Gavin McCArdle. "Indicators, Benchmarking and Urban Informatics". En Understanding Spatial Media, 119–26. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526425850.n11.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Shekhar, Shashi y Hui Xiong. "Local Indicators of Spatial Association Statistics". En Encyclopedia of GIS, 615. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_701.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Coughenour, Michael B. "Spatial Modeling and Landscape Characterization of an African Pastoral Ecosystem: A Prototype Model and its Potential Use for Monitoring Drought". En Ecological Indicators, 787–810. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4659-7_45.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Cusatelli, Carlo, Massimiliano Giacalone y Eugenia Nissi. "Exploring competitiveness and wellbeing in Italy by spatial principal component analysis". En Proceedings e report, 141–46. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.27.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Well being is a multidimensional phenomenon, that cannot be measured by a single descriptive indicator and that, it should be represented by multiple dimensions. It requires, to be measured by combination of different dimensions that can be considered together as components of the phenomenon. This combination can be obtained by applying methodologies knows as Composite Indicators (CIs). CIs are largely used to have a comprehensive view on a phenomenon that cannot be captured by a single indicator. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular multivariate statistical technique used for reducing data with many dimension, and often well being indicators are obtained using PCA. PCA is implicitly based on a reflective measurement model that it non suitable for all types of indicators. Mazziotta and Pareto (2013) in their paper discuss the use and misuse of PCA for measuring well-being. The classical PCA is not suitable for data collected on the territory because it does not take into account the spatial autocorrelation present in the data. The aim of this paper is to propose the use of Spatial Principal Component Analysis for measuring well being in the Italian Provinces.

Sizov, Alexander P. y Elena G. Chernykh. "The System of Complex Spatial Development Indicators". En Advances in Natural, Human-Made, and Coupled Human-Natural Systems Research, 139–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78083-8_14.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Dorjnyambuu, Byambasuren. "Explaining income inequality by the relationship between social network fragmentation and social segregation indicators". En Green and Digital Transitions, 209–32. Szeged, Hungary: Szegedi Tudományegyetem, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/gtk.gdtgiss.2024.13.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

This paper investigates the way social networks and social indicators of segregation interact and their relationship with income disparity for 426 towns and cities in Hungary. Three social indicators of segregation are used to capture different characteristics of social segregation in towns: (i) ethnic fragmentation, (ii) religious fragmentation, and (iii) education inequality. Using open-access data from Tóth et al. (2021), non-spatial and spatial two-stage least square models are estimated for income inequality at the town level. The study finds that these social segregation indicators positively correlate with income inequality through social network fragmentation. Also, the spatial model shows that income inequality has a strong spatial relationship across towns.

L’Hostis, Alain, Philippe Menerault y Christophe Decoupigny. "Assessing Spatial Planning Policy with Accessibility Indicators: The Case of Lille’s Metropolis Scenario". En Advances in Spatial Science, 293–312. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24827-9_15.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Verbruggen, Harmen. "On the paradigmatic and spatial dependency of indicators". En Theory and Implementation of Economic Models for Sustainable Development, 229–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3511-7_11.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Verga, Marina. "Contribution of Comparative Psychology to Spatial Indicators of Welfare". En Social Space for Domestic Animals, 262–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5040-5_23.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Saganeiti, Lucia, Angela Pilogallo, Francesco Scorza, Giovanni Mussuto y Beniamino Murgante. "Spatial Indicators to Evaluate Urban Fragmentation in Basilicata Region". En Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2018, 100–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95174-4_8.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Spatial indicators":

Al-Kafaji, Rashaa Malik Musa. "Spatial indicators of knowledge strategies applications". En 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SMART CITIES AND SUSTAINABLE PLANNING. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0163241.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Mac Aoidh, Eoin, Michela Bertolotto y David C. Wilson. "Analysis of implicit interest indicators for spatial data". En the 15th annual ACM international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1341012.1341071.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Long, Nathalie, Erwan Bocher, Thomas Leduc y Guillaume Moreau. "Sensitivity of Spatial Indicators for Urban Terrain Characterization". En IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779584.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Fathurrahman, Muhammad Farhan y Sidharta Gautama. "Spatial Performance Indicators to Evaluate Spatiotemporal Traffic Prediction". En 10th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012699200003702.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Flacke, J. "Spatial urban health equity indicators – a framework-based approach supporting spatial decision making". En SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2015, editado por H. Köckler. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp150311.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Lyke, Austin. "Education Hot Spots: Using Local Indicators of Spatial Association". En 2019 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1430907.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Kwok, Wang Chun, Fedi Zouari, Pak To Cheung, Adrien Touboul, Venice Sin, Eddie C. Wong, Iris Y. Zhou, Terence Chi Chun Tam y Russell W. Chan. "Evaluation of the spatial spirometry indicators using electrical impedance tomography". En ERS International Congress 2023 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2023.pa3551.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Pitalua Rodriguez, Mario A., Susan Mengel, LisaAnn S. Gittner y Hafiz M. K. Khan. "Automated Hot-Spot Identification for Spatial Investigation of Disease Indicators". En 2019 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and Applications (BigDataService). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdataservice.2019.00009.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Aunap, R., E. Uuemaa, J. Roosaare y Ü. Mander. "Spatial correlograms and landscape metrics as indicators of land use changes". En GEO-ENVIRONMENT 2006. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/geo060311.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Ming-Yu Sheng, Yuan Zhao, Da-Wei Zhang y Song-Lin Zhuang. "Quantitative assessment of hand vein image quality with double spatial indicators". En 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmt.2011.6001672.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Informes sobre el tema "Spatial indicators":

ElDidi, Hagar, Ritika Khurana, Wei Zhang, Maheshkumar Kalidas Jadav, Chiranjit Guha, Pratiti Priyadarshini, Zhe Guo et al. Common lands in India: Spatial distribution and overlay with socioeconomic and environmental indicators. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136556.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

GLAZUNOV, G. P. ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL VARIATION OF INDICATORS OF FERTILITY OF CHERNOZEM SOILS IN SLOPE AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES. Ljournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/issn1997-0749.2019-08-54.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Kontou, Eleftheria, Yen-Chu Wu y Jiewen Luo. Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Plan in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, diciembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-023.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

We study the allocation of dynamic electric vehicle charging investments from the policymaker’s perspective, which aims to meet statewide emission-reduction targets for the Illinois passenger vehicle sector. We determine statewide charging deployment trajectories over a 30-year planning horizon and estimate their emission reduction. Electric vehicle demand functions model the electrified vehicle market growth and capture network externalities and spatial heterogeneity. Our analysis indicates that most chargers need to be deployed in the first 10 to 15 years of the transition to allow benefits to accrue for electric vehicle drivers, availability of home charging influences consumers’ choice and drivers’ electrified travel distance, charging stations should be prioritized for frequent long-distance drivers, and spatial effects are crucial in accurately capturing the demand for electric vehicles in Illinois. We also develop a multi-criteria suitability map to site charging stations for electric vehicles based on economic, societal, and environmental justice indicators. We identify census tracts that should be prioritized during Illinois’ statewide deployment of charging infrastructure along with interstates and major highways that traverse them. Major interstates and highways I-90, I-80, I-55, and I-57 are identified as having high siting suitability scores for charging stations. Last, a novel location model was developed for equitable electric vehicle charging infrastructure placement in the Illinois interstate and major highway network. Two objectives were set to reduce detours and improve the ability to complete long-distance trips for low-income electric vehicle travelers and multi-unit dwelling residents. Our analysis indicates that if the system’s efficiency is the only consideration, low-income/multi-unit housing resident travelers are most likely to fail to complete their trips, while an equitable charging siting could mitigate this issue.

Brouard, E., J. E. Campbell, P. M. Godbout, N M Renaud, I. McMartin, M. Roy, S. E. Kelley y C. Crowell. Report of 2023 field activities for the GEM-GeoNorth West-central Keewatin Glacial Dynamics activity, Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332531.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

The landscapes we see today in northern Canada are the results of the dynamics of former continental glaciations of the Quaternary. As the environment evolved with the cyclic growth and decay of ice sheets, it is paramount to understand the history of these glacial cycles to provide a robust framework for geological and environmental studies. Much is known about these glaciations in southern Canada, but in northern Canada, extensive regions remain poorly studied because of their remoteness and hence knowledge of past glaciations there remains somewhat limited. West-central Keewatin, for example, critically lacks field data on glacial geology in many sectors. Hence, as part of the GEM-GeoNorth West-central Keewatin Glacial Activity, field investigations on the glacial geology around Lake Dubawnt in mainland Nunavut were undertaken in 2023. Here, we detail the field methodology used to compile geospatial information and measurements of ice-flow indicators, and to collect till, bedrock, boulder and sediment samples for terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide and luminescence dating. A total of 111 ground observation sites were visited, including the collection of 108 ice-flow measurements and 93 samples. Preliminary interpretations of the relative chronology and spatial relationship of iceflow indicators suggest that several distinct major ice-flow phases have impacted the region. These interpretations will be complemented with the upcoming results from till compositional data and geochronological analyses. The new field datasets will be used along with remote geomorphological mapping to improve the regional glacial history and enhance success of land-resource based decisions in this part of northern Canada.

Rohrer, Lisa, Johannes Lidmo y Christoph Beidenhauser. Nordic cycling policy: National objectives, mechanisms, and actors in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Nordregio, noviembre de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2023:81403-2511.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

This paper reviews how Nordic countries are working to improving cycling via policy and planning. It takes a national-level approach to review cycling objectives in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, reviews a range of mechanisms to achieve these objectives, and identifies the key actors responsible for carrying out the work. In the discussion section, the paper identifies several findings from the review work with regards to how the Nordic countries are currently addressing cycling at the policy level: - Cycling is primarily discussed as a means for contributing to environmental goals, such as GHG emission reductions, but is occasionally discussed as a means for improving health and well-being. Much less policy discourse focuses on economic or other social benefits of cycling. The primary method for reducing GHG emissions in the transportation sector focuses on replacing fossil fuel cars with electric-powered vehicles rather than on cycling infrastructure or spatial forms that decrease overall mobility requirements. - The Nordic countries have some distinctions with regards to how spatial planning is operationalised, which influences how cycling is prioritised and managed. - Beyond a dedicated cycling strategy, cycling objectives are often baked into other key plans and documents at the national level. - Achieving national cycling objectives requires clear communication among local, regional, and national actors and across ministries, agencies, and departments, which is often a challenge. - Political turnover can be a hindrance to gaining support for long-term cycling projects. - There are many different indicators and ways to measure success for cycling objectives in the Nordic countries. The paper also highlights some of the developments taking place at the UN and EU levels, making cycling and its potential for improving cities and regions more visible across international policy.

Pstuty, Norbert, Mark Duffy, Dennis Skidds, Tanya Silveira, Andrea Habeck, Katherine Ames y Glenn Liu. Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network Geomorphological Monitoring Protocol: Part I—Ocean Shoreline Position, Version 2. National Park Service, junio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293713.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

Following a review of Vital Signs – indicators of ecosystem health – in the coastal parks of the Northeast Coastal and Barrier Network (NCBN), knowledge of shoreline change was ranked as the top variable for monitoring. Shoreline change is a basic element in the management of any coastal system because it contributes to the understanding of the functioning of the natural resources and to the administration of the cultural resources within the parks. Collection of information on the vectors of change relies on the establishment of a rigorous system of protocols to monitor elements of the coastal geomorphology that are guided by three basic principles: 1) all of the elements in the protocols are to be based on scientific principles; 2) the products of the monitoring must relate to issues of importance to park management; and 3) the application of the protocols must be capable of implementation at the local level within the NCBN. Changes in ocean shoreline position are recognized as interacting with many other elements of the Ocean Beach-Dune Ecosystem and are thus both driving and responding to the variety of natural and cultural factors active at the coast at a variety of temporal and spatial scales. The direction and magnitude of shoreline change can be monitored through the application of a protocol that tracks the spatial position of the neap-tide, high tide swash line under well-defined conditions of temporal sampling. Spring and fall surveys conducted in accordance with standard operating procedures will generate consistent and comparable shoreline position data sets that can be incorporated within a data matrix and subsequently analyzed for temporal and spatial variations. The Ocean Shoreline Position Monitoring Protocol will be applied to six parks in the NCBN: Assateague Island National Seashore, Cape Cod National Seashore, Fire Island National Seashore, Gateway National Recreation Area, George Washington Birthplace National Monument, and Sagamore Hill National Historic Site. Monitoring will be accomplished with a Global Positioning System (GPS )/ Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) unit capable of sub-meter horizontal accuracy that is usually mounted on an off-road vehicle and driven along the swash line. Under the guidance of a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) (Psuty et al., 2022), the monitoring will generate comparable data sets. The protocol will produce shoreline change metrics following the methodology of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System developed by the United States Geological Survey. Annual Data Summaries and Trend Reports will present and analyze the collected data sets. All collected data will undergo rigorous quality-assurance and quality-control procedures and will be archived at the offices of the NCBN. All monitoring products will be made available via the National Park Service’s Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal.

Mushongera, Darlington, Prudence Kwenda y Miracle Ntuli. An analysis of well-being in Gauteng province using the capability approach. Gauteng City-Region Observatory, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36634/2020.op.1.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

As countries across the globe pursue economic development, the improvement of individual and societal well-being has increasingly become an overarching goal. In the global South, in particular, high levels of poverty, inequality and deteriorating social fabrics remain significant challenges. Programmes and projects for addressing these challenges have had some, but limited, impact. This occasional paper analyses well-being in Gauteng province from a capability perspective, using a standard ‘capability approach’ consistent with Amartya Sen’s first conceptualisation, which was then operationalised by Martha Nussbaum. Earlier research on poverty and inequality in the Gauteng City-Region was mainly based on objective characteristics of well-being such as income, employment, housing and schooling. Using data from the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey IV for 2015/16, our capability approach provides a more holistic view of well-being by focusing on both objective and subjective aspects simultaneously. The results confirm the well-known heterogeneity in human conditions among South African demographic groups, namely that capability achievements vary across race, age, gender, income level and location. However, we observe broader (in both subjective and objective dimensions) levels of deprivation that are otherwise masked in the earlier studies. In light of these findings, the paper recommends that policies are directly targeted towards improving those capability indicators where historically disadvantaged and vulnerable groups show marked deprivation. In addition, given the spatial heterogeneities in capability achievements, we recommend localised interventions in capabilities that are lagging in certain areas of the province.

Daudelin, Francois, Lina Taing, Lucy Chen, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe y Hamid Mehmood. Mapping WASH-related disease risk: A review of risk concepts and methods. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, diciembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/uxuo4751.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

The report provides a review of how risk is conceived of, modelled, and mapped in studies of infectious water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) related diseases. It focuses on spatial epidemiology of cholera, malaria and dengue to offer recommendations for the field of WASH-related disease risk mapping. The report notes a lack of consensus on the definition of disease risk in the literature, which limits the interpretability of the resulting analyses and could affect the quality of the design and direction of public health interventions. In addition, existing risk frameworks that consider disease incidence separately from community vulnerability have conceptual overlap in their components and conflate the probability and severity of disease risk into a single component. The report identifies four methods used to develop risk maps, i) observational, ii) index-based, iii) associative modelling and iv) mechanistic modelling. Observational methods are limited by a lack of historical data sets and their assumption that historical outcomes are representative of current and future risks. The more general index-based methods offer a highly flexible approach based on observed and modelled risks and can be used for partially qualitative or difficult-to-measure indicators, such as socioeconomic vulnerability. For multidimensional risk measures, indices representing different dimensions can be aggregated to form a composite index or be considered jointly without aggregation. The latter approach can distinguish between different types of disease risk such as outbreaks of high frequency/low intensity and low frequency/high intensity. Associative models, including machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), are commonly used to measure current risk, future risk (short-term for early warning systems) or risk in areas with low data availability, but concerns about bias, privacy, trust, and accountability in algorithms can limit their application. In addition, they typically do not account for gender and demographic variables that allow risk analyses for different vulnerable groups. As an alternative, mechanistic models can be used for similar purposes as well as to create spatial measures of disease transmission efficiency or to model risk outcomes from hypothetical scenarios. Mechanistic models, however, are limited by their inability to capture locally specific transmission dynamics. The report recommends that future WASH-related disease risk mapping research: - Conceptualise risk as a function of the probability and severity of a disease risk event. Probability and severity can be disaggregated into sub-components. For outbreak-prone diseases, probability can be represented by a likelihood component while severity can be disaggregated into transmission and sensitivity sub-components, where sensitivity represents factors affecting health and socioeconomic outcomes of infection. -Employ jointly considered unaggregated indices to map multidimensional risk. Individual indices representing multiple dimensions of risk should be developed using a range of methods to take advantage of their relative strengths. -Develop and apply collaborative approaches with public health officials, development organizations and relevant stakeholders to identify appropriate interventions and priority levels for different types of risk, while ensuring the needs and values of users are met in an ethical and socially responsible manner. -Enhance identification of vulnerable populations by further disaggregating risk estimates and accounting for demographic and behavioural variables and using novel data sources such as big data and citizen science. This review is the first to focus solely on WASH-related disease risk mapping and modelling. The recommendations can be used as a guide for developing spatial epidemiology models in tandem with public health officials and to help detect and develop tailored responses to WASH-related disease outbreaks that meet the needs of vulnerable populations. The report’s main target audience is modellers, public health authorities and partners responsible for co-designing and implementing multi-sectoral health interventions, with a particular emphasis on facilitating the integration of health and WASH services delivery contributing to Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being) and 6 (clean water and sanitation).

Garriss, Rebecca. Modeling Surface Roughness as an Indicator of Age and Landslide Susceptibility, and the Spatial Inventory of Prehistoric Landslides: Green River Valley, Washington. Portland State University Library, enero de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7051.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross y Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, septiembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Resumen

The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...