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Gunstone, Frank D. "Soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal". Lipid Technology 25, n.º 4 (abril de 2013): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201300264.
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List, Gary. "Soybeans, soybean oil and soybean meal". Lipid Technology 27, n.º 4 (abril de 2015): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201500017.
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List, Gary. "Soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal". Lipid Technology 28, n.º 5-6 (junio de 2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201600022.
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List, Gary. "Soybeans, soybean meal, and soybean oil". Lipid Technology 29, n.º 3-4 (abril de 2017): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201700013.
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Kim, Hee S., Evan C. Titgemeyer, Erica Curles, Livia M. Olsen y Charles G. Aldrich. "Evaluation of Soybean Ingredients in Pet Foods Applications: Systematic Review". Animals 14, n.º 1 (19 de diciembre de 2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14010016.
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Soybean use has been low in pet foods, even though they are an excellent source of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and gut fermentable fibers. The purpose of this evaluation was to conduct a systematic review of the public literature to explore how soybeans have been researched for pet food applications since 2000 and to provide strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for soybeans in the pet food industry. The review covered a total of 44 articles related to soybean ingredients and their potential value in the pet food arena. The articles were categorized by their research contents and narratively summarized to demonstrate useful information to both the pet and soybean industries. When soybean-based products have been adequately processed to reduce the antinutritive factors, they are comparable to processed animal proteins in nutritional value, palatability, and functionality in pet food processing. We conclude that various food processing technologies and the versatility of soybean ingredients allow soybean to have considerable inclusion potential in pet foods. More research on dietary soybean ingredients regarding pet food processing, fermentation benefits on health, and consumer acceptance will be needed to understand soybean’s position in the future pet food industry.
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Tamam, B., IGBP Puryana, Suratiah y NK Sutiari. "Nutritional aspects and amino acid profiles of tempe from local, imported, and black soybean relating to the functional properties". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1177, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1177/1/012027.
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Abstract Soybean (Glycine max L) is a legume rich in protein, fat, vitamins, minerals and fibre. The nutritional value of soybeans and the amino acid profiles of the processed fermented soybean (Tempe) products need to be studied. Soybean and Tempe flour from black soybean, local soybean (Anjasmoro variety) and imported soybean (USA soybean) were analyzed proximately, including carbohydrates (spectrophotometric method), protein (Kjeldahl method), fat (Soxletation method), fiber (gravimetric method), and water content (gravimetric method). The amino acid profile of Tempe flour was measured by UPLC and LC/MS/MS methods. Local soybeans had the highest protein content (45.19%), followed by black and imported soybeans (36.87% and 35.95%, respectively). The protein content of local soybean Tempe flour was the highest (45.83%) compared to other soybean Tempe flour. The fiber content of local and black soybean Tempe flour (14.79% and 13.81%, respectively) was higher than that of imported Tempe. Amino acid profiles test of black soybean Tempe flour, local soybean, and imported soybean showed that the amino acids L-Glutamic Acid, L-Arginine, L-Leucine, and L-Aspartic Acid had the highest amounts compared to other amino acids, ranging from 30-75 thousand ppm. This shows that various soybeans affect the amino acid composition of the soybean protein. The amino acid content of Tempe from local soybeans is higher than the amino acid content of tempe from black and imported soybeans. This may influence the amino acids or peptides’ functional properties, such as antihypertensive and antimicrobial properties. Continuous research in vitro and in vivo should be conducted to explore the functional properties of Tempe flour from local soybean.
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Aldillah, Rizma, Harianto Harianto y Heny Kuswanti Suwarsinah Daryanto. "ANALISIS SIMULASI KEBIJAKAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI KEDELAI NASIONAL". Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia 2, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2014): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jai.2014.2.1.33-62.
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<em>Soybean is the main strategic food commodities after paddy and maize, as stated in the UU No. 7 Tahun 1996. Since 2009 until now, national soybean consumption has reach about 2 illion tones per year, but national soybean production just able to satisfy around 900 thousand tones per year, so it drawbacks met from imported soybeans. Contribution quantity of soybean imports reached more 70 persen of the domestic soybean demand per year, this is opposite to the Government aim has launched several years ago to become self-sufficient in soybeans at 2014. So that, we need a policy government to support soybeans self-sufficiency program. Soybeans self-sufficient will be achieved when the national soybeans production can meet the domestic soybeans demand, so that, the policy needs to be done is how to increase the quantity of the national soybeans production. In this study, a simulation analysis was conducted to provide the some alternative policy to improve soybeans production. The results of the analysis concluded that the national soybeans production will increase, at least 15 percent per year by increasing 25 percent the quantity of soybean seeds, 15 percent area harvested, 20 percent of imported soybean prices, 25 percent of national soybeans price, 30 percent soybean import tariffs, and the last is decreasing 150 percent of the quantity soybean imports. Simulation is determined based on the average growth rate of the historical data used.</em>
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Zakiah, Zakiah. "Preferensi dan Permintaan Kedelai pada Industri dan Implikasinya terhadap Manajemen Usaha Tani". MIMBAR, Jurnal Sosial dan Pembangunan 28, n.º 1 (19 de junio de 2012): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/mimbar.v28i1.341.
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This paper studies demand and preference of soybean processing industry. We used two types of data: time series and primary data that obtained from soybean processing industry. The result shows that increasing of local soybean price will reduce demand for soybeans. Increasing of tempe price and imported soybean price will increase soybean demand, and statistically, the effect is significant. Increasing imported soybean prices should be decrese demand for soybeans at industry, but in this study does not decrease demand for soybeans. This is shows dependence of soybean processing industry in Banda Aceh on imported soybean. To increase local soybean production both in quality and quantity require better farming management, through technological improvements form production stage to harvest, marketing channel, institutional, and decent price for farmers.
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Yuliani, S., Juniawati, Ratnaningsih y EA Suryana. "Characteristics of Tempeh Prepared from Several Varieties of Indonesian Soybeans: Correlations between Soybean Size and Tempeh Quality Properties". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1024, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2022): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1024/1/012051.
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Abstract Tempeh is a fermented soybean-based food that has long been an important protein source in Indonesia. In this study, tempeh was made from several varieties of soybeans to evaluate the differences in the characteristics of the tempeh produced. The soybean varieties used consisted of Anjasmoro, Grobogan, Dena, Dega and Biosoy, as well as imported soybeans. Characterization was carried out on both the soybeans and tempeh, including proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids and textural properties. Pierce correlations were evaluated between seed sizes and quality parameters of soybean seed and tempeh. Dega and Biosoy had seed size closed to those of imported soybeans, which were favored by tempe producers. Different varieties of soybeans produced different characteristics of tempeh. Local soybean had superior quality of proximate composition, both in seed and tempeh. Sizes of soybean seeds had strong correlations with their dimension (length, height, thickness) (0.61, 0.59 and 0.58, respectively), but had weak correlations with proximate compositions, both for the soybean seed and their tempeh produced. Negative strong correlations were found in size of soybean seed and tempeh texture, showing a stronger and more compact texture of tempeh made from smaller seeds of soybean (-0.73). This study showed that soybean size had low correlations with the superior proximate characteristics of local soybean, providing useful information in expanding the choice of local soybean varieties as raw material for tempeh.
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Khairunisa, Inas. "PENGARUH PRODUKSI KEDELAI, HARGA KEDELAI IMPOR, DAN NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP IMPOR KEDELAI INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2020". Transekonomika: Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Keuangan 2, n.º 6 (3 de septiembre de 2022): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.55047/transekonomika.v2i6.266.
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Indonesia is the 11th largest soybean consuming country in the world at 3 million tons after China, America, Argentina, and Brazil. The increasing demand for soybeans in the country is due to the increasing population and demand for soybeans. However, it is not balanced with soybean reserves that farmers are capable of producing, so imports are the way out. In addition to low soybean production, the price of imported soybeans and the exchange rate of the USD against the Rupiah also affected Indonesia's soybean imports. This study aims to determine the effect of soybean production, imported soybean prices, and exchange rates on soybean imports in 2011-2020. This type of research is a quantitative study with a sample of 40 quarterly data from 2011-2020. The research method used is multiple linear regression with the ordinary least square model. The results of this study show that soybean production, imported soybean prices, and exchange rates simultaneously have a significant effect on soybean imports. Partially soybean production and imported soybean prices each had a significant negative effect on soybean imports, while the exchange rate did not have a significant effect on Indonesia's soybean imports in 2011-2020.
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Hu, Zhenbin, Guizhen Kan, Guozheng Zhang, Dan Zhang, Derong Hao y Deyue Yu. "Genetic diversity analysis using simple sequence repeat markers in soybean". Plant Genetic Resources 12, S1 (julio de 2014): S87—S90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262114000331.
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To evaluate the genetic diversity (GD) of wild and cultivated soybeans and determine the genetic relationships between them, in this study, 127 wild soybean accessions and 219 cultivated soybean accessions were genotyped using 74 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results of the study revealed that the GD of the wild soybeans exceeded that of the cultivated soybeans. In all, 924 alleles were detected in the 346 soybean accessions using 74 SSRs, with an average of 12.49 alleles per locus. In the 219 cultivated soybean accessions, 687 alleles were detected, with an average of 9.28 alleles per locus; in the 127 wild soybean accessions, 835 alleles were detected, with an average of 11.28 alleles per locus. We identified 237 wild-soybean-specific alleles and 89 cultivated-soybean-specific alleles in the 346 soybean accessions, and these alleles accounted for 35.28% of all the alleles in the sample. Principal coordinates analysis and phylogenetic analysis based on Nei's genetic distance indicated that all the accessions could be classified into two major clusters, corresponding to wild and cultivated soybeans. These results will increase our understanding of the genetic differences and relationships between wild and cultivated soybeans and provide information to develop future breeding strategies to improve soybean yield.
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Huckaba, Randy M., Harold D. Coble y John W. Van Duyn. "Joint Effects of Acifluorfen Applications and Soybean Thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) Feeding on Soybean (Glycine max)". Weed Science 36, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1988): 667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075597.
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Field studies were conducted during 1983 and 1984 to determine the single and interactive effects of trifluralin, soybean thrips, and the sodium salt of acifluorfen on soybean. Increased soybean injury was observed in 1983 when acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ai/ha was applied to soybeans infested with soybean thrips versus plants where soybean thrips were controlled. Soybean injury measured by percent defoliation and visual injury ratings was reduced when thrips were controlled versus soybeans where thrips were not controlled with carbaryl at 0.9 kg ai/ha in 1983. Soybean thrips alone did not reduce soybean seed yield in this study. Acifluorfen reduced soybean photosynthetic rate, shoot weight, root weight, and seed yield. Trifluralin had no effect on soybean growth parameters measured in this study.
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Ramadhan, Mohammad Akbar Rizki, Hary Sastryawanto y Endang Siswati. "Analisis Penawaran dan Permintaan Komoditas Kedelai (Glycine Max L.) di Provinsi Jawa Timur". Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio Agribis 22, n.º 1 (26 de julio de 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jisa22120221994.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that influence the supply and demand of soybeans and predict the supply and demand of soybeans in East Java in the next 10 years. The data used is Secondary data that has been collected by research institutions and published to data users. The results of the analysis on supply show that there are three factors that have a significant influence on soybean supply in East Java, namely land area, domestic soybean prices, and productivity. Meanwhile, other factors, namely the price of corn and the price of imported soybeans, do not affect the soybean supply in East Java. Of the four factors contained in the soybean demand model in East Java, there is one factor that has a significant influence on the demand for East Java soybeans, namely the population. Meanwhile, other factors are domestic soybean prices, imported soybean prices and income levels. The prediction of East Java soybean supply for the next 10 years will decrease every year until 2030 and the prediction of East Java soybean demand for the next 10 years will increase every year.Keywords: Trend Analysis, Supply and Demand, Soybean, Corn, Land Area
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Singh, R. J. y T. Hymowitz. "Soybean genetic resources and crop improvement". Genome 42, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1999): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-039.
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The soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is an economically important leguminous crop for feed, oil, and soyfood products. It contains about 40% protein and 20% oil in the seed and, in the international trade markets, is ranked number one in oil production (48%) among the major oil seed crops. Despite its economic importance, the genetic base of soybean cultivars is extremely narrow. The indigenous cultivars and landraces in East Asia are on the verge of extinction, because farmers are now growing high yielding soybean cultivars. The exotic germplasm, enriched with genes for abiotic and biotic stresses, has not been fully exploited by soybean breeders. Mutation breeding has improved the fatty acids of the soybeans and has produced soybeans tolerant to herbicides. By using recombinant DNA technology, Monsanto has produced stable glyphosate tolerant soybean lines known as 'Round Up Ready' soybean. DuPont is producing transgenic soybean lines with improved fatty acids content. The feasibility of developing hybrid soybeans is still an open question.Key words: soybean, Glycine spp., exotic germplasm, mutation, interspecific hybridization, biotechnology, hybrid soybeans.
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Sims, Barry D. y Lawrence R. Oliver. "Mutual Influences of Seedling Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), and Soybean (Glycine max)". Weed Science 38, n.º 2 (marzo de 1990): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056289.
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Field experiments were conducted to evaluate competitive effects of johnsongrass and sicklepod on growth and yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybeans. Johnsongrass reduced soybean growth early in the growing season. Sicklepod was competitive all season, but competitiveness was greatest during the soybean reproductive stage. Soybean yields were reduced 31% by sicklepod, 14% by johnsongrass, and 36% by both weeds growing together. Nonirrigated soybeans yielded less than irrigated, but percent yield reductions were similar. Johnsongrass dry matter production and seed yield were reduced more than sicklepod by soybean interference. Soybean and sicklepod interference reduced johnsongrass seed production 73 to 95%. Johnsongrass produced 245 to 1238 seeds per plant when interfering with soybeans and sicklepod. Sicklepod seeds per plant were reduced 6 to 31% by johnsongrass interference and 47 to 75% by soybeans and soybeans plus johnsongrass.
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Matsuo, Ayato, Kaho Matsushita, Ayano Fukuzumi, Naoki Tokumasu, Erika Yano, Nobuhiro Zaima y Tatsuya Moriyama. "Comparison of Various Soybean Allergen Levels in Genetically and Non-Genetically Modified Soybeans". Foods 9, n.º 4 (21 de abril de 2020): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040522.
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Several analyses of allergen levels have been reported as part of the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) soybean; however, few comprehensive analyses have included new allergens. Thus, in this study the levels of eight major soybean allergens, including Gly m 7 (a newly reported soybean allergen), were semi-quantitatively detected in six GM soybeans and six non-GM soybeans using antigen-immobilized ELISA and immunoblotting. We also analyzed the IgE-reactivity to these soybeans through immunoblotting, using sera from three soybean-allergic patients. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of the major soybean allergens in the GM and non-GM soybeans. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the serum IgE-reactive protein profiles of the patients, as analyzed using immunoblotting. These results indicate that, in general, CP4-EPSPS-transfected GM soybeans are not more allergenic than non-GM soybeans.
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Nur Mahdi, Naufal y Suharno Suharno. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI IMPOR KEDELAI DI INDONESIA". Forum Agribisnis 9, n.º 2 (13 de octubre de 2019): 160–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/fagb.9.2.160-184.
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Domestic soybean production that has not been able to meet national soybean needs is an implication of the decline in soybean harvested area in Indonesia. The opposite condition occurs at the level of demand for soybeans which increases every year. The soybean import policy is an alternative step for the government to overcome the gap between soybean production and consumption in Indonesia. Soybeans in this study are not separated from the type, namely with HS code 1201 (Soya beans, whether or not broken). This study aims to analyze the factors that influence soybean imports in Indonesia by using secondary data from 2002 to 2017 in the form of panel data with gravity models. The data used in this study came from UN Comtrade, World Bank, CEPII, FAOSTAT, Ministry of Trade and Ministry of Finance. The estimation results show that the variables that significantly influence the volume of imports of Indonesian soybeans are the variable GDP per capita Indonesia, GDP per capita of the country of origin of imports, domestic soybean prices, domestic soybean production and soybean import tariffs.
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Regnier, Emilie E. y Edward W. Stoller. "The Effects of Soybean (Glycine max) Interference on the Canopy Architecture of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)". Weed Science 37, n.º 2 (marzo de 1989): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500071769.
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Common cocklebur, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf were grown with soybeans in the field to determine how soybean interference affects weed canopy architecture. Common cocklebur had more leaves within the soybean canopy than jimsonweed or velvetleaf. At the end of the season, common cocklebur leaf area was distributed evenly below and above the top of the soybean canopy, while nearly all the jimsonweed and velvetleaf leaf area was above the soybean canopy. Common cocklebur exhibited more shade tolerance than jimsonweed or velvetleaf by also maintaining leaves in the shade within the soybean canopy. Differences among these weeds in leaf distribution within the soybean canopy were not related to differences in abscission of the lower leaves but to a differential response of lower axillary buds to soybean shading. Growth from lower axillary buds in jimsonweed and velvetleaf was strongly inhibited by soybean interference, but interference had little effect on lower axillary bud growth in common cocklebur. Axillary bud growth in the lower canopies of both common cocklebur and soybeans, and their similarity in height, caused these plants to compete for the same aboveground niche. However, common cocklebur had more extensive axillary growth along the lower stem than soybeans, which may allow it to compete for resources in this niche more aggressively than soybeans. Velvetleaf and jimsonweed did not share the same aboveground niche with soybeans due to the placement of their leaves above rather than within the soybean canopy. The lower branching characteristics and apparent shade tolerance of common cocklebur may be important factors in the superior competitive ability with soybeans compared to jimsonweed and velvetleaf.
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Wang, Tianli, Yanji Ma y Siqi Luo. "Spatiotemporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Soybean Production in Heilongjiang Province, China". Land 12, n.º 12 (21 de noviembre de 2023): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12122090.
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Heilongjiang Province, as the largest production and supply base for high-quality soybeans in China, plays a vital role in optimizing the layout of soybean production and promoting the revitalization of the soybean industry. Soybean yield is used as a key indicator of soybean production. This study integrated soybean yield data from agricultural reclamation systems and local authorities. A variety of statistical analysis methods, such as barycenter analysis, the Mann–Kendall test, the space–time cube, and grey relational analysis, were used to research the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of soybean production in Heilongjiang Province from 2011 to 2021. This paper revealed the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism and explored the reasons for the differences in the effects of influencing factors. The results were as follows. (1) During the period between 2011 and 2021, the center of gravity of county-level soybean yield in Heilongjiang Province moved towards the northwest over a distance of 16.82 km. The soybean yield in the province experienced a mutation in approximately 2018, from a downward trend to an upward trend. (2) The spatiotemporal hot spots of county-level soybean yield in Heilongjiang Province were concentrated along the line from Hailun to Aihui. The types of hot spots included consecutive hot spots, intensifying hot spots, sporadic hot spots, and new hot spots. (3) The spatiotemporal agglomeration patterns of county-level soybean yield in Heilongjiang Province included only high-high clusters, only low-low clusters, only high-low outliers and multiple types. (4) The temporal changes in soybean yield in various counties of Heilongjiang Province had obvious regional characteristics. (5) Socioeconomic factors had aftereffects on soybean planting decisions. (6) Sunlight hours, the price ratio of local soybeans to local maize, average temperature, the number of soybean patents, the price ratio of imported soybeans to local soybeans, soybean cultivation income, local soybean prices, and the number of newly established soybean enterprises were primary influencing factors. Precipitation and soybean import volume were secondary influencing factors. The income difference between maize and soybeans, crops-hitting disaster area, and maize yield were general influencing factors. This study aims to offer new pathways for alleviating the structural contradiction between soybean supply and demand and to provide a reference for the formulation of national soybean industry policies and food security strategies.
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Situmorang, Sudiwan, Retna Astuti Kuswardani y Ihsan Effendi. "Analisis Ketersediaan dan Kebutuhan Kedelai di Provinsi Sumatera Utara". AGRISAINS: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Agribisnis 2, n.º 2 (13 de septiembre de 2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/agrisains.v2i2.300.
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Soybean availability in North Sumatra Province have to be considered, this is caused by soybean being the third most important food after rice and corn. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the availability and needs of soybeans in North Sumatra. This study uses secondary data on the availability and needs of soybeans in North Sumatra from 2008-2017. Secondary data collected in this study came from related agencies such as the Central Statistics Agency, the North Sumatra Province Food Security Agency, the North Sumatra Province Agriculture Office and the Belawan Agricultural Quarantine Center. From this study it was found that the availability of soybeans in North Sumatra was influenced by harvested area, soybean production and soybean imports. Soybean needs in North Sumatra are influenced by population, consumption / per capita and soybean availability. Analysis of soybean availability and needs in North Sumatra experienced fluctuations in 2008-2017.
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Gunstone, Frank D. "Soybeans and soybean oil". Lipid Technology 19, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.200600002.
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Gunstone, Frank D. "Soybeans and soybean oil". Lipid Technology 21, n.º 11-12 (diciembre de 2009): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.200900065.
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Gunstone, Frank D. "Soybeans and soybean oil". Lipid Technology 22, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2010): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201000073.
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Gunstone, Frank D. "Soybeans and soybean oil". Lipid Technology 23, n.º 6 (junio de 2011): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lite.201100116.
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Setiawan, Agus Nugroho, Sri Budiastuti, Edi Purwanto y Supriyadi. "Physio-Morphology Of Soybean In Various Population Proportions Of Intercropping With Corn". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1165, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2023): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1165/1/012027.
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Abstract Soybean is Indonesia’s important food crop, generally grown in monoculture. Global climate change can affect unfavourable environmental conditions and reduce soybean yields. Soybean yields can be increased by intercropping, which can improve the plant’s environmental conditions. One of the crops that can be intercropped with soybeans is corn because planting corn between soybeans can create a favourable microclimate for soybeans. This study aims to obtain the right population proportion in soybean and corn intercropping based on physio-morphological responses. This research was conducted in Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta Special Region, in July-November 2021, with a single-factor experimental method arranged in a single plot design. The treatment was the proportion of soybean and corn population, consisting of 4 proportions, i.e. 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, and monoculture soybean and corn as controls. The variables observed were leaf area, dry weight, chlorophyll content, stomatal density, number of pods, seed weight, and soybean yield. The results showed that the proportion of soybeans and corn intercropping population did not affect chlorophyll content and stomata density. A population proportion of 3:1 produces the number of leaves and specific leaf area, the number of pods, and pod weight per plant higher than monoculture soybeans and other intercropping population proportions.
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Król-Grzymała, Angelika y Ryszard Amarowicz. "Phenolic Compounds of Soybean Seeds from Two European Countries and Their Antioxidant Properties". Molecules 25, n.º 9 (29 de abril de 2020): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092075.
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There is only a small acreage of planted soybeans in northern Europe, as the global production of this crop is mainly dictated by the warmer temperatures needed for bountiful yields. The defense response of soybean plants to a cold climate entails the secretion of specific compounds which help mitigate oxidative stress, i.e., antioxidants, including phenolic compounds. The objective of this study was to examine differences in the concentrations of phenolic compounds, their antioxidant properties, and the concentration of key isoflavones (namely genistein, daidzein, malonyl daidzein, malonyl genistein, and daidzin) in the seeds of six soybean cultivars from two different regions of Europe, namely Poland and France. The total phenolic contents, isoflavone levels, and in vitro antioxidant capacities of soybean seeds from most of the investigated cultivars of northeast Europe were found to be greater than those from southwest Europe. The phenolic compounds of seed extracts are primarily responsible for the free-radical scavenging of soybeans. Factors regulating the production of phenolic compounds in the seeds have not been thoroughly elucidated. Hence, the results presented in this paper can be useful in the selection of soybean cultivars with higher levels of seed phenolics, because of their beneficial impact on human health and on the soybean’s defense mechanism against plant stresses.
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Pusposari, Luthfiya Fathi. "ANALISIS PERMINTAAN KEDELAI DI INDONESIA". J-PIPS (Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) 1, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2014): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/j-pips.v1i1.6813.
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<p>Indonesian population growth from year to year has increased, the population of Indonesia has incense for about 20 million people from the previous census data. Soybean is one of commodity most consumed by society census. Demand of soybean in this country 2,4 million tons per year, as much as 70% comes from imported soybean. Based on demand theory there are many factors that influence demand of goods, among others, the price of the goods themselves, the price of other goods, population, etc. Purpose of this research is to understand the elasticity of soybean’s demand in East Java and what variable which have the highest elasticity. The result of this research shows that variable of soybean's price is in elastic towards demand of soybean while variable of corn's price, income per capita and population is elastic. Variable which has sensitivity or the highest elasticity is variable of population</p><p>Keyword: Demand, Elasticity, Soybean</p>
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Pratiwi, Herdina y Runik Dyah Purwaningrahayu. "Potensi Hasil Kedelai sebagai Tanaman Sela pada Pertanaman Cabai Rawit". Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences 2 (10 de noviembre de 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pspfs.v2i.180.
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Incorporating soybeans as intercrop in chili cultivation is intended to increase the added value of land, therefore the selection of soybean varieties and the use of appropriate spacing is needed to obtain optimal soybean yields. The research was conducted at Installation of Research and Study of Agricultural Technology Muneng, Probolinggo at the first dry season 2020. The study used split plot design with 3 replications. The main plot were three planting patterns, namely: (C1) intercropping chili-soybean with spacing of chili 70 cm x 60 cm and soybeans 30 cm x 15 cm,(C2) intercropping chili-soybean with spacing of double row chilies 120 cm x (40 cm x 60 cm) and soybean 25 cm x 15 cm, (M) monoculture soybean with a spacing of 30 cm x 15 cm as a control. The subplots were four varieties of soybeans, namely: (K1) Dering 1, (K2) Dering 2, (K3) Dering 3, and (K4) Argomulyo. Planting one month old chili with soybean seeds was carried out together. Soybeans were harvested at 90 DAS. Observations of soybean include: growth of plants at 51 and 60 DAS, yield and yield components, plant height, number of harvested plants, number of filled pods, weight of 100 seeds, yield of dry seeds. The results showed that the soybean yield of Dering 2 at cropping pattern C1 gave the best yield and did not differ from the yield by monoculture. The higher of soybean yield was supported by plant height and the number of filled pods per plant. Therefore, Dering 2 has a prospect to be intercropped with chili.
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Hunt, David, Robert Foottit, Dana Gagnier y Tracey Baute. "First Canadian records of Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae)". Canadian Entomologist 135, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2003): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n03-027.
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The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsamura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a pest of soybeans in the People's Republic of China, Korea, Thailand, Japan, North Borneo, Malaya, and the Philippines (Blackman and Eastop 2000). It was first identified in North America in 2000 from soybean fields in 10 states in the north-central United States of America, although the route of entry and time of introduction are not known (North Central Regional Pest Alert 2001). Dai and Fan (1991) reported that yield losses caused by soybean aphids on soybeans in the People's Republic of China were greater when the crop was infested soon after planting, and the presence of large populations of the aphid throughout the growing season resulted in 20%–30% yield losses. The soybean aphid can also transmit several viruses that infect soybeans in North America, including alfalfa mosaic, soybean mosaic, bean yellow mosaic, peanut mottle, peanut stunt, and peanut stripe (Hartman et al. 2001). In North America, the soybean aphid is known to transmit soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosiac virus (Hill et al. 2001). A survey of Ontario soybean fields revealed the presence of tobacco ring spot virus, soybean mosiac virus, and bean pod mottle virus (Michelutti et al. 2001); all of which could potentially be spread by this newly introduced aphid.
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Kahar, Febrian Ananta, Isti Fadah, Edy Wahyudi y Adhitya Wardhono. "Does Soybean in Indonesia Still Competitive?: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach". Jurnal Ekonomi dan Studi Pembangunan 15, n.º 2 (6 de noviembre de 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um002v15i22023p089.
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The low productivity of soybeans in Indonesia is one of the reasons why domestic production cannot meet market demand. In addition to suboptimal and contradictory government policies, they contribute to domestic soybean competitiveness against imported soybeans. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic and financial profitability of farming, analyze the competitiveness status of soybeans, analyze the impact of government policies on soybean competitiveness, and analyze the sensitivity of domestic soybean competitiveness. This study applies the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results of this analysis are used to observe two basic indicators to measure competitiveness and assess the role of government policies. This research uses a case study of soybean farmers in the Jember Regency area. The analysis results show that the soybean farming business in Jember Regency is capable of generating economic profits. Soybean farming in Jember is capable of producing comparative and competitive advantages. Furthermore, the policy analysis reveals that the impact of the soybean policy on farming in the region is not yet optimal. Therefore, new governance policies are needed. Parameter analysis in the PAM analysis indicates that price and productivity variables have a potential role in increasing production and domestic soybean competitiveness.
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Monks, David W. y Lawrence R. Oliver. "Interactions Between Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivars and Selected Weeds". Weed Science 36, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1988): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500075809.
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Competition of weeds was characterized by determining the distance down the soybean row that a weed affects soybean biomass and yield. Field studies were conducted for 2 yr to compare competitive effects of common cocklebur, johnsongrass, Palmer amaranth, sicklepod, and tall morningglory on ‘Forrest’ and ‘Centennial’ soybeans. The weeds did not significantly reduce soybean biomass for 6 weeks after emergence. Palmer amaranth, common cocklebur, and tall morningglory had the greatest biomass by 6 weeks after emergence. However, only competition from common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth measurably reduced soybean biomass during the growing season. Biomass of Forrest and Centennial soybeans was reduced when these cultivars were growing within 12.5 and 50 cm of common cocklebur, respectively. Johnsongrass, sicklepod, and tall morningglory grew more slowly than the other weeds and had no measurable competitive effects on soybean biomass. Soybean competition reduced biomass of all weeds 90 to 97%. Soybean cultivar influenced the level and duration of competitiveness depending on the weed species present. Biomass of both soybean cultivars was reduced when they were growing within 50 cm of Palmer amaranth. Soybean seed yield was reduced when soybeans were growing within 25 cm of common cocklebur and Palmer amaranth and also when they were growing within 12.5 cm of tall morningglory. Sicklepod had no effect on soybean seed yield.
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Howe, Otis W. y Lawrence R. Oliver. "Influence of Soybean (Glycine max) Row Spacing on Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) Interference". Weed Science 35, n.º 2 (marzo de 1987): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500079030.
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The interference and seed production potential of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosaL. # IPOLA) with conventional-row (1 m) and narrow-row (20 cm) ‘Hill’ soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was studied for 2 yr. Pitted morningglory densities were 3.3, 10, 20, and 40 plants/m2while soybean densities were 23 and 50 plants/m2in conventional and narrow rows, respectively. Pitted morningglory interfered with soybean growth earlier in conventional-row soybeans than in narrow-row soybeans due to its rapid increase in leaf area index (LAI) and biomass from 4 to 8 weeks after emergence. Soybeans were competitive with pitted morningglory until the soybean reproductive stage began at 7 weeks after emergence. Pitted morningglory reduced soybean yields 17% more in a dry year than in a wet year. Yield of narrow-row soybeans was equal or greater than yield of conventional-row soybeans at all pitted morningglory densities. Conventional-row soybean yields were reduced an average of 42 and 81% at pitted morningglory densities of 3.3 and 40/m2, respectively, but yield of narrow-row soybeans was reduced only 6 and 62% at equivalent densities. Pitted morningglory grown without soybean interference produced an average of 52.3 million seeds/ha. Total seed production of pitted morningglory growing in soybeans increased as pitted morningglory density increased and was greater in conventional rows than in narrow rows. Narrow rows reduced total seed production an average of 90 and 68% at pitted morningglory densities of 3.3 and 40/m2, respectively.
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Junianto, Rizky, Hary Sastrya Wanto y Markus Patiung. "Soybean Imports in Indonesia". IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) 5, n.º 6 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 1102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v5i6.2055.
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Purpose: Based on its various uses, it produces a high level of consumption of soybeans, but this is not balanced with sufficient domestic production. The increasing population of Indonesia, this further increases the level of soybean consumption. The prospects for soybean development are very good considering that demand continues to increase as the population increases. The growth in soybean demand over the past 34 years is quite high, in line with population growth and the development of the soybean-based food industry. Demand growth is increasingly unbalanced by production growth, so since 1976 Indonesia has always been a net importer of soybeans. The objectives to be achieved in this scientific study are 1) To analyze how much influence soybean production has on soybean imports in Indonesia.
Design/methodology/approach: The object of research in this study is Indonesia. The subjects to be studied are soybean imports, to see whether soybean production, soybean consumption, producer soybean prices, the rupiah exchange rate against the United States dollar, soybean exports and soybean import demand in the previous year affected soybean imports using data from 1994 to 2020. The data used in this study is time series data.
Findings: The results showed that the Variables of Soybean Production, Soybean Production of Previous Years, Soybean Consumption, Soybean Price consumption of the Previous Year, Soybean Price of the Previous Year, Exchange Rate, soybean exports and soybean exports of the previous year simultaneously influenced the demand for soybean imports in Indonesia.
Originality/value: This paper is original
Paper type: Research article
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Jin, Chengqian, Shikun Liu y Man Chen. "Semantic segmentation-based mechanized harvesting soybean quality detection". Science Progress 105, n.º 2 (abril de 2022): 003685042211085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504221108518.
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Crushing rate and impurity rate are important quality indicators of mechanically harvested soybeans. Intelligent quality detection of mechanically harvested soybeans based on machine vision is of great significance to evaluate soybean quality accurately and rapidly. This study proposes an improved U-Net method for identifying intact soybean grains, crushing soybean grains, and impurities. Based on the accurate identification of soybean components and using the quantitative model of soybean crushing rate and impurity rate, the quality of soybean samples can be detected in real-time. To this end, a soybean quality inspection system is designed to realize the dynamic collection and detection of soybean samples. The test results show that the comprehensive evaluation index values of the improved U-Net segmentation algorithm in identifying intact soybean grains, crushing soybean grains, and impurities are 93.04%, 89.40%, and 96.49%, respectively. Compared with the traditional U-Net model, the performance of the indicators is improved by 3.23%, 0.17% and 0.72%, respectively. Compared with manual detection, the maximum absolute error of the crushing rate detection of the soybean quality detection system is 0.57%, and the maximum absolute error of the impurity rate detection is 0.69%. The proposed soybean quality inspection system can be used as an effective tool for real-time online inspection of soybean quality.
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Bundy, C. Scott y R. M. McPherson. "Cropping Preferences of Common Lepidopteran Pests in a Cotton/Soybean Cropping System". Journal of Entomological Science 42, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2007): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-42.1.105.
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Two soybean varieties (an early-maturing Group V and a later-maturing Group VII) and two cotton varieties (a conventional and a transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner [Bt]) were grown in adjacent replicated large field plots at two locations for 3 growing seasons. The abundance of commonly-observed lepidopteran pests within these two crops was observed weekly throughout each growing season. The green cloverworm, Hypena scabra (F.); soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and; velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, preferred soybeans over cotton at all six test sites. The bollworm complex, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.), preferred soybeans at one site, cotton at two sites, and no crop preference at three sites. There was no difference in the seasonal mean abundance of the pests between the two soybean maturity groups. A few varietal differences were noted on soybeans on specific sampling dates; however, they occurred when insect numbers were low. Population densities approached economic injury levels on both the early and later-maturing soybean varieties. In cotton, the bollworm complex was significantly more abundant in conventional cotton than in Bt cotton. Although soybean loopers are a pest of both crops, soybeans are preferred when they are planted adjacent to cotton. Given this behavioral response, soybeans might serve as a trap crop to attract soybean loopers into a small planting of soybeans and out of the major planting of cotton.
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Quan, Longzhe, Tianyu Zhang, Liran Sun, Xin Chen y Zhitong Xu. "Design and Testing of an On-Line Omnidirectional Inspection and Sorting System for Soybean Seeds". Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, n.º 6 (2018): 1003–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12935.
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Abstract. At present, the manual grading of soybean seeds is both time consuming and laborious, and detecting the full-surface information of soybean seeds using an existing automatic sorting machine is difficult. To solve this problem, an on-line omnidirectional inspection and sorting system for soybean seeds was developed using embedded image processing technology. According to the principles employed by the system, the surface friction properties and full-surface information such as the shape, texture and color of soybean seeds were adopted in the study. Soybean seeds were inspected and sorted using their full surface information in combination with the embedded image processing technology. Split, worm-eaten, gray-spotted, slightly cracked, moldy and normal soybeans were used to test the system. According to the test results, the optimum design parameters of the preliminary sorting device based on the friction properties were a tilting angle of 12° and a linear velocity of 0.4 m/s. Furthermore, the optimum design parameters of the directional integrated device were a tilting angle of 19° and a linear velocity of 0.45 m/s. The sorting speed was 400 soybeans per minute with 8-channel parallel transmission. The average sorting accuracies were 99.4% for split soybeans, 98.5% for worm-eaten soybeans, 98.5% for gray-spotted soybeans, 97.7% for slightly cracked soybeans, 98.6% for moldy soybeans, and 98.9% for normal soybeans. The overall results suggest that the system can potentially meet the needs of the rapid inspection and automatic sorting of soybean seeds and provide references for research on the alternating rotational motion of granules and on-line collection of full-surface information. Keywords: Embedded image processing technology, Full surface, Granules, Inspection, On-line, Sorting, Soybean seeds.
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Zabarna, T. y V. Chereshnyuk. "Agro-ecological aspects of soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivation in Ukraine". Agroecological journal, n.º 1 (29 de febrero de 2024): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.1.2024.299945.
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The article highlights the role and significance of soybeans in Ukraine as the main legume crop of today. The analysis of literature sources proves that soybean cultivation not only ensures food security of the state, but also acts as an environmental component while maintaining soil fertility. Soybean plants contribute to the nitrogen balance of soils, serving as a good precursor for many crops. They also have a positive impact on the physical, agronomic and physicochemical properties of soils, improving water and nutrient regimes. Soybeans can be grown in main crops, post-harvest crops and post-mowing crops. In addition, soybeans quickly adapt to organic production schemes. The authors characterise the soybean belt in Ukraine and describe the main three soybean growing zones. It is established that the most favourable for soybean cultivation are Vinnytsia, Cherkasy, Khmelnytsky, Poltava, Kirovohrad, Ternopil, Zakarpattia, Chernivtsi and Kyiv regions. Here, soybeans consistently provide stable high productivity of this crop. The analysis of literature publications has confirmed that the problem of sufficient production of adequate vegetable protein can be solved by continuously increasing the production of food resources, primarily protein and oilseeds, the main source of which is soybeans, one of the world's leading crops. Soybean cultivation in Ukraine has undergone global changes over the past 30 years. It has rapidly moved from being a niche crop to a key agricultural commodity. Thanks to soybeans, Ukraine has rapidly increased its production of protein and oilseeds and significantly strengthened its position on the global market. Over the past few years, the area under soybean cultivation in Ukraine has been ranging from 1.5–2.0 million hectares, with the main growing areas being the Forest-Steppe and Polissya. Significantly smaller areas are located in the northern and central Steppe. In the southern Steppe, soybean cultivation is possible only under irrigated conditions. Soybeans are very versatile in their use, and stand out among other crops due to the large number of products made from their raw materials. Soybean seeds are used to make various analogues of meat and dairy products, egg powder substitutes, confectionery, cheeses, canned food, sauces, etc. Scientists have noted that the most favourable meteorological conditions for soybeans are characterised by an annual rainfall of 500–600 mm, of which 250–400 mm should be received during the growing season, and 180–200 mm during the most critical period of flowering — full bean filling. Organic farming is one of the most promising areas of soybean cultivation. Currently, around 80% of soybean seeds are produced using genetically modified material. Therefore, it is important to use the latest zoned varieties of local breeding to green soybean production, as this will help to build up our own organic seed base and improve the environmental component of soybean cultivation. Thus, soybeans and their products are extremely important for Ukraine's economy as they consistently provide a significant portion of foreign exchange earnings. However, further increase in soybean production requires a reduction in the use of chemical protection products, namely, their maximum possible approximation to natural growing conditions, i.e., organic cultivation.
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Kim, Hyun-Joo, Jin Hee Bae, Seonmin Lee, Jinwoo Kim, Samooel Jung, Cheorun Jo, Jin Young Lee, Jung Hyun Seo y Sanghoo Park. "Structural and Functional Changes in Soybean Protein via Remote Plasma Treatments". Molecules 28, n.º 9 (4 de mayo de 2023): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093882.
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To the best of our knowledge, few studies have utilized cold plasma to improve soybean protein extraction yield and the functional properties of soybean protein. In this study, we aimed to assess the benefits of remote plasma treatments on soybean with respect to the utilization of soybean protein. This study involved two different sample forms (whole and crushed beans), two different plasma chemistry modes (ozone and nitrogen oxides [NOx = NO + NO2]), and a novel pressure-swing reactor. Crushed soybeans were significantly affected by NOx-mode plasma treatment. Crushed soybeans treated with NOx-mode plasma had the best outcomes, wherein the protein extraction yield increased from 31.64% in the control to 37.90% after plasma treatment. The water binding capacity (205.50%) and oil absorption capacity (267.67%) of plasma-treated soybeans increased to 190.88% and 246.23 % of the control, respectively. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability slightly increased compared to those of the control. The secondary structure and surface hydrophobicity were altered. The remote plasma treatment of crushed soybeans increased soybean protein extraction yield compared to plasma-treated whole beans as well as untreated beans and altered the structural and physicochemical properties of soybean proteins.
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REZI, Raluca y Eugen MUREȘANU. "Soybean Varieties wth Possible Utilization in Food Industry". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, n.º 2 (26 de noviembre de 2013): 459–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9819.
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Like other legumes, soybeans are rich in nutrients. However, the macronutrient profile of soybeans differs in some important ways from most other legumes. Soybeans are higher in both protein and oil content than other beans and are relatively low in carbohydrates. Food industry use products using soybean or soybean-derived products as one of the main ingredients. The main characteristics for a soybean variety to be used as raw material for the food industry are: light hilum colour, high protein content, low content in allergent factors. The new orientation for the Breeding Program at ARDS Turda for variety breeding is to offer soybean varieties with special use such as varieties for human consumption. The characteristics and features of the soybean varieties created at A.R.D.S. Turda recommend them to have possible utilization  in the food industry.
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Hamilton, Robert M. G. y M. A. McNiven. "Replacement of soybean meal with roasted full-fat soybeans from high-protein or conventional cultivars in diets for broiler chickens". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2000): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-064.
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The effects were examined of replacing part or all of the soybean meal in the starter and finisher diets for male broiler chickens with ground, roasted, full-fat soybeans from either a high-protein (AC Proteus) or conventional (Baron) cultivar. The starter (1–21 d) and finisher (22–36 d) diets were formulated by replacing, on an isonitrogenous basis, part or all of the soybean meal in the barley–wheat-based control diets with the roasted soybeans. Digestibility of dry matter, corrected nitrogen and energy were estimated by an index method for the last 2 d of the starter and grower periods. Soybean level influenced body weight gains directly in a quadratic manner, and feed intakes or feed conversions by inversely linear relationships (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) during the starter period. Performance during the finisher period or during the entire growth period was not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary soybean source. Dry matter and energy digestibilities at both 21 and 35 d, and nitrogen at 35 d were affected in a quadratic manner (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) by the soybean level of the diets, whereas, a linear relationship was present for the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) content (P < 0.001). Soybean source had no effect on nutrient utilization, except for dry matter or energy digestibility during the starter period (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the optimal performance should be obtained when the ratio of roasted full-fat soybeans to soybean meal is about 2:1 in the starter feeds for broiler chickens. Key words: Full-fat soybeans, soybean meal, high-protein soybeans, broiler, growth, nutrient digestibilities
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McBride, W. D. y Catherine Greene. "The profitability of organic soybean production". Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 24, n.º 4 (19 de noviembre de 2009): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509990147.
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AbstractResults from long-term experimental trials suggest that similar yields and lower costs are possible with organic compared to conventional soybeans, but there is little information about the relative costs and returns of these systems on commercial farms. This study examines the profitability of commercial soybean production using a nationwide survey of soybean producers for 2006 that includes a targeted sample of organic growers. Treatment-effect models are specified to characterize adopters of the organic approach and to isolate the impact of organic choice on operating, operating and capital, and total economic costs of soybean production. Organic soybean producers tend to be younger, have less crop acreage, and are less likely to work off-farm than conventional producers. Organic soybean production costs range from about $1 to $6 per bushel higher than those for conventional soybeans due to both lower yields and higher per-acre costs, while the average organic price premium in 2006 was more than $9 per bushel. Long-term cropping systems data suggest significant returns to organic systems result from similar yields and lower costs than conventional systems, but the high returns to commercial organic production found in this study can only be attributed to the significant price premiums paid for organic soybeans. Average organic soybean price premiums have remained high since 2006 despite much higher conventional soybean prices as users of organic soybeans attempt to retain and attract more acreage. However, increases in conventional soybean prices and fuel prices reduce the incentive for planting organic soybeans by improving returns to conventional production and increasing the relative costs of organic production.
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Liang, Rong, Jia-Li Liu, Xue-Qin Ji, Kenneth M. Olsen, Sheng Qiang y Xiao-Ling Song. "Fitness and Hard Seededness of F2 and F3 Descendants of Hybridization between Herbicide-Resistant Glycine max and G. soja". Plants 12, n.º 21 (25 de octubre de 2023): 3671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12213671.
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The commercial cultivation of herbicide-resistant (HR) transgenic soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) raises great concern that transgenes may introgress into wild soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) via pollen-mediated gene flow, which could increase the ecological risks of transgenic weed populations and threaten the genetic diversity of wild soybean. To assess the fitness of hybrids derived from transgenic HR soybean and wild soybean, the F2 and F3 descendants of crosses of the HR soybean line T14R1251-70 and two wild soybeans (LNTL and JLBC, which were collected from LiaoNing TieLing and JiLin BaiCheng, respectively), were planted along with their parents in wasteland or farmland soil, with or without weed competition. The fitness of F2 and F3 was significantly increased compared to the wild soybeans under all test conditions, and they also showed a greater competitive ability against weeds. Seeds produced by F2 and F3 were superficially similar to wild soybeans in having a hard seed coat; however, closer morphological examination revealed that the hard-seededness was lower due to the seed coat structure, specifically the presence of thicker hourglass cells in seed coat layers and lower Ca content in palisade epidermis. Hybrid descendants containing the cp4-epsps HR allele were able to complete their life cycle and produce a large number of seeds in the test conditions, which suggests that they would be able to survive in the soil beyond a single growing season, germinate, and grow under suitable conditions. Our findings indicate that the hybrid descendants of HR soybean and wild soybean may pose potential ecological risks in regions of soybean cultivation where wild soybean occurs.
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Klaiss, Matthias, Nathaniel Schmid, Claude-Alain Betrix, Alice Baux, Raphaël Charles y Monika M. Messmer. "Organic soybean production in Switzerland". OCL 27 (2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ocl/2020059.
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Organic Soybean cultivation experiences an upscale at the moment in Switzerland. As in the rest of Europe, Switzerland is still heavily dependent on protein imports. After years of stakeholders efforts of the development of a value chain for organic soybeans for human nutrition, various attempts to develop the soybean cultivation for feed proved to be fruitful despite the fact that Swiss price level is beyond competition for world market prices. The organic farmers themselves decided to become, at least partially, more independent from overseas soybean imports by opting for organic soybeans of European origin since 2019. Furthermore, Bio Suisse decided that from 2022 on, all ruminants under Bio Suisse certification must be fed with feed of Swiss origin, concentrates are limited to 5% of the ration. Since many years numerous projects are carried out to increase the domestic protein production by developing suitable production systems for peas, faba beans, lupines and soybeans with stakholders along the value chain. Since more than 30 years, Swiss breeders successfully develop 00 to 000 soybean varieties with a focus on human nutrition, organic soybean cultivation and the respective value chains from breeding to endproduct is developing strongly. This article will shed light on particular aspects and drivers, specific measures, relevant projects and cultivation techniques of organic soybean production in Switzerland in the past years and will give an outlook on the future of organic soybeans.
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Voyevodina, Lidiya, Lyudmila Medvedeva y Inna Mitrofanova. "Formation of Crop Belts for National Innovative Clusters". Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2020): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.4.14.
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The aim of the paper is to study the foreign practice in the formation of innovative agro-industrial clusters and to substantiate scientifically the formation of the Russian soybean agricultural belt with the infrastructure providing selection and production of non-GMO soybean in the required volume for domestic consumption and exports. Comparative and system analysis, situational approach, and field experiments were used for the research. As a result of the study, the US experience in the formation of soybean growing clusters was studied. It was found that soybeans are the predominant crop cultivated on irrigated lands in the states of Mississippi, Arkansas, and Nebraska, where the share of soybeans on irrigated lands reaches 59%. The soybean exports are essential to the economies of the United States, Argentina, and Brazil. The main soybeans are exported to China, the consumption of which is estimated at about 100 million tons of soybeans, and it is worth almost $40 billion. For Russia, the proximity to the world leader in imports of soybeans, China, could be one of the advantages in the expansion of supplies to this country, what would stimulate the development of soybean production and the formation of national innovative clusters. The soybean production is based on high-yielding cultivars adapted to local growing conditions. The selection of cultivars without the use of GMO technologies gives the opportunity of having competitive advantages in the organic market. The newest cultivars of the Russian selection are “VNIIOZ 86” and “Volgogradka 1”, which make it possible to obtain 3–4 tons per hectare on chestnut soils of Volgograd region. The formation of a soybean belt will provide a synergistic effect in soybean selection, organization of soybean production, and independence from foreign seed markets. Under the government support within a specialized cluster the core of which should be research institutes providing the scientific and selection core of the soybean agricultural belt in the South of Russia, the production of soybeans can be organized in volumes that cover the needs of the domestic market and increasing supplies to the world food market.
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Juswadi, Juri, Pandu Sumarna y Neneng Sri Mulyati. "Potensi Peningkatan Luas Panen, Produksi, Dan Produktivitas Kedelai Di Jawa Barat". Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 9, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v9i1.281.
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This study aims to identify the development of harvest area, production, and productivity of West Java soybeans during the period 2004-2005, the effect of harvest area on soybean production and grouping districts in West Java based on harvest area and soybean productivity. The analytical tools used are descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and quadrant analysis. The results showed that the harvest area, production and productivity of West Java soybeans during the period 2004-2015 increase with fluctuating growth. Soybean harvest area has a very significant effect on soybean production. The results of quadrant analysis show that only Garut and Indramayu districts are in quadrant II, which have high harvest areas and soybean productivity. Bogor and Bekasi districts are in quadrant IV which have very low harvest area and soybean productivity, while the other 14 districts are in quadrant I with high soybean productivity but low harvest area.
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Sepasthika, T. y A. N. Setiawan. "Physio-morphological of Soybean in Monoculture and Intercopping with Corn". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 985, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/985/1/012024.
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Abstract Soybean is the main food crop in Indonesia after rice and corn. Soybean is a raw material for several foods which are a good source of fiber for the human body. Soybean productivity in Indonesia is still low at 15.24 Ku/Ha because farmers are still using a monoculture cropping system, which causes plant physiological processes to be not optimal so that growth and yields are low. One of the efforts to increase soybean growth and yield is by the intercropping system. The potential crop for intercropping with soybeans is corn because it has different physiological and morphological characteristics. This study explained the physiological aspects of plant height and number of leaves, leaf area, plant dry weight, and yield. The treatment tested were monoculture soybean and soybean intercropping with various proportions of corn population. The result showed that soybean and corn intercropping produced higher physio-morphology than monoculture soybeans.
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Azad, Md, Won Kim, Cheng Jin, Wie Kang, Cheol Park y Dong Cho. "Development of a Polymer-Mediated Soybean Nanocomposite by Hot Melt Extrusion to Improve Its Functionality and Antioxidant Properties". Foods 8, n.º 2 (24 de enero de 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8020041.
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The poor bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds of soybeans is a key challenge to developing functional food products. Therefore, a novel hydrophilic food-grade hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) polymer was added to soybean to prepare a soybean food composite (SFC), in order to improve the soybean’s functionality. The SFC was prepared with soybean (95%) plus HPMC (5%) (w/w) mixes (HSE), as well as 100% soybean extrudate (SE), at 80 °C and 130 °C by a hot melt extrusion (HME) process. A non-extrudate 100% soybean material was considered as a control. It is observed that water solubility was significantly increased (35.18%), and particle size reached to nano-size (171.5 nm) in HSE at 130 °C compared to the control (7.14% and 1166 nm, respectively). The total phenolic, flavonoid, and single isoflavones content, including daidzin, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and genistin was significantly increased in HSE at 130 °C compared to the control. The antioxidant properties were also significantly increased in HSE at 130 °C compared to the control, measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), a ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and the phosphomolybdenum method (PPMD). Finally, it is concluded that the HPMC polymer could be used as a novel excipient to develop nanocomposite via HME, in order to improve the functionality of soybean food products.
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Gebregziabher, Berhane Sibhatu, Shengrui Zhang, Suprio Ghosh, Abdulwahab S. Shaibu, Muhammad Azam, Ahmed M. Abdelghany, Jie Qi et al. "Origin, Maturity Group and Seed Coat Color Influence Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Concentrations in Soybean Seeds". Plants 11, n.º 7 (23 de marzo de 2022): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070848.
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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) seeds are abundant in physiologically active metabolites, including carotenoids and chlorophylls, and are used as an affordable source of functional foods that promote and maintain human health. The distribution and variation of soybean seed metabolites are influenced by plant genetic characteristics and environmental factors. Here, we investigated the effects of germplasm origin, genotype, seed coat color and maturity group (MG) on the concentration variation of carotenoid and chlorophyll components in 408 soybean germplasm accessions collected from China, Japan, the USA and Russia. The results showed that genotype, germplasm origin, seed color, and MG were significant variation sources of carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in soybean seeds. The total carotenoids showed about a 25-fold variation among the soybean germplasms, with an overall mean of 12.04 µg g−1. Russian soybeans yielded 1.3-fold higher total carotenoids compared with Chinese and Japanese soybeans. Similarly, the total chlorophylls were substantially increased in Russian soybeans compared to the others. Soybeans with black seed coat color contained abundant concentrations of carotenoids, with mainly lutein (19.98 µg g−1), β-carotene (0.64 µg g−1) and total carotenoids (21.04 µg g−1). Concentrations of lutein, total carotenoids and chlorophylls generally decreased in late MG soybeans. Overall, our results demonstrate that soybean is an excellent dietary source of carotenoids, which strongly depend on genetic factors, germplasm origin, MG and seed coat color. Thus, this study suggests that soybean breeders should consider these factors along with environmental factors in developing carotenoid-rich cultivars and related functional food resources.
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Yu, Tong, Xiaodong Wu, Yunshan Song, Hao Lv, Guoqing Zhang, Weinan Tang, Zefeng Zheng et al. "Isolation and Identification of Salinity-Tolerant Rhizobia and Nodulation Phenotype Analysis in Different Soybean Germplasms". Current Issues in Molecular Biology 46, n.º 4 (12 de abril de 2024): 3342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb46040209.
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Increasing the soybean-planting area and increasing the soybean yield per unit area are two effective solutions to improve the overall soybean yield. Northeast China has a large saline soil area, and if soybeans could be grown there with the help of isolated saline-tolerant rhizobia, the soybean cultivation area in China could be effectively expanded. In this study, soybeans were planted in soils at different latitudes in China, and four strains of rhizobia were isolated and identified from the soybean nodules. According to the latitudes of the soil-sampling sites from high to low, the four isolated strains were identified as HLNEAU1, HLNEAU2, HLNEAU3, and HLNEAU4. In this study, the isolated strains were identified for their resistances, and their acid and saline tolerances and nitrogen fixation capacities were preliminarily identified. Ten representative soybean germplasm resources in Northeast China were inoculated with these four strains, and the compatibilities of these four rhizobium strains with the soybean germplasm resources were analyzed. All four isolates were able to establish different extents of compatibility with 10 soybean resources. Hefeng 50 had good compatibility with the four isolated strains, while Suinong 14 showed the best compatibility with HJNEAU2. The isolated rhizobacteria could successfully establish symbiosis with the soybeans, but host specificity was also present. This study was a preliminary exploration of the use of salinity-tolerant rhizobacteria to help the soybean nitrogen fixation in saline soils in order to increase the soybean acreage, and it provides a valuable theoretical basis for the application of saline-tolerant rhizobia.
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Wang, Huiqi, Xiao Li, Fenglin Su, Hailun Liu, Dezhou Hu, Fang Huang, Deyue Yu y Hui Wang. "Soybean CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE17 Positively Regulates Plant Resistance to Common Cutworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius)". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n.º 24 (10 de diciembre de 2022): 15696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415696.
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Soybean is frequently attacked by herbivorous pests throughout the growth period. Exploring anti-insect genes to improve insect resistance in soybean is an important soybean breeding goal. Here, we cloned and characterized the gene for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) related to insect resistance, Glyma.06g189600, which encodes CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE17 (GmCDPK17) in soybean. The pairwise sequence alignment analysis revealed that the presumed protein of GmCDPK17 shares 52.06% similarity with that of GmCDPK38, a known negative regulatory gene of insect resistance in soybean. Ectopic expression of GmCDPK17 and GmCDPK38 restored the phenotypes of the Arabidopsis insect-susceptible mutant cpk10 and insect-resistant mutant cpk28, respectively. Moreover, transgenic hairy roots of the soybean cultivar Jack were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Overexpression of GmCDPK17 increased soybean hairy root resistance to common cutworm (CCW), while RNA interference of the gene decreased soybean hairy root resistance to CCW. Sequencing data from the cultivated and wild soybeans were used to analyze the genetic diversity of GmCDPK17. This gene was subjected to domestication selection. Six and seven haplotypes (Haps) were identified in cultivated and wild soybeans, respectively. The resistance Hap1 is not widely used in cultivated soybeans and is mainly distributed at low latitudes. Accessions with resistance haplotypes of the GmCDPK17 and GmCDPK38 genes showed high resistance to CCW. Altogether, we revealed a novel positive regulatory insect resistance gene, GmCDPK17, which may further improve insect resistance in soybean.