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Boisseau, Etienne. "Open-Design. Modélisation du processus de conception ouverte dans le cadre du développement de produits tangibles". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0032/document.
Texto completoOpen-source revolutionized the software industry through a public, decentralized, and asynchronous development paradigm that fosters collaboration among peers. New practices and stakeholders disrupted the designingprocess, yet led to industrial successes. Due to the digitalization and democratization of the designing process, this approach now spreads to thedevelopment of tangible artifacts. This is open-design.However, open-design currently appears as an umbrella term that encompasses from amateur do-it-yourself projects to sector-scale industrialcollaborations. It is not clear either, how these practices relate to existing designing approaches. Finally, little knowledge about the open-design processis formalized. This impedes the development of adequate tools for helpingpractitioners to make the most of it.Therefore, we investigated how to model the open-design process in thedevelopment of tangible products. First, we developed a typology of open-design practices based on a systematic search and review of the scientificliterature. Then, we selected one of the types identified and modeled thedifferent facets of the designing process (activities carried out, stakeholdersinvolved, and boundary objects used) in this context, using a groundedtheory-based approach.Through our literature review, we mapped open-design in relation to existing designing approaches, and to coined a new definition thereof. Based on624 papers indexed in the Scopus database, we identified three types of practices — do-it-yourself, meta-design, and industrial ecosystem — which arerelated to the status (professional or amateurs) of the processes’ stakeholders and addressees. We also constructed two models of the ‘do-it-yourselfopen-design’ process using semi-directive interviews of 11 project leaderswho took part in the PoC21 innovation camp. They depict open-design as adesigning process influenced by both open-source software developmentand amateur design. We tested the quality of our models and our modelingmethod via statistical analysis.This study aims to be a cornerstone for future research on open-designby providing an overview of practices linked to this phenomenon. Ourdescriptive models should serve researchers for providing practitioners ofopen-design projects with relevant tools and methods. Our modeling methodcould also be applied in other contexts to formalize uninvestigated designingpractices
Boisseau, Etienne. "Open-Design. Modélisation du processus de conception ouverte dans le cadre du développement de produits tangibles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0032.
Texto completoOpen-source revolutionized the software industry through a public, decentralized, and asynchronous development paradigm that fosters collaboration among peers. New practices and stakeholders disrupted the designingprocess, yet led to industrial successes. Due to the digitalization and democratization of the designing process, this approach now spreads to thedevelopment of tangible artifacts. This is open-design.However, open-design currently appears as an umbrella term that encompasses from amateur do-it-yourself projects to sector-scale industrialcollaborations. It is not clear either, how these practices relate to existing designing approaches. Finally, little knowledge about the open-design processis formalized. This impedes the development of adequate tools for helpingpractitioners to make the most of it.Therefore, we investigated how to model the open-design process in thedevelopment of tangible products. First, we developed a typology of open-design practices based on a systematic search and review of the scientificliterature. Then, we selected one of the types identified and modeled thedifferent facets of the designing process (activities carried out, stakeholdersinvolved, and boundary objects used) in this context, using a groundedtheory-based approach.Through our literature review, we mapped open-design in relation to existing designing approaches, and to coined a new definition thereof. Based on624 papers indexed in the Scopus database, we identified three types of practices — do-it-yourself, meta-design, and industrial ecosystem — which arerelated to the status (professional or amateurs) of the processes’ stakeholders and addressees. We also constructed two models of the ‘do-it-yourselfopen-design’ process using semi-directive interviews of 11 project leaderswho took part in the PoC21 innovation camp. They depict open-design as adesigning process influenced by both open-source software developmentand amateur design. We tested the quality of our models and our modelingmethod via statistical analysis.This study aims to be a cornerstone for future research on open-designby providing an overview of practices linked to this phenomenon. Ourdescriptive models should serve researchers for providing practitioners ofopen-design projects with relevant tools and methods. Our modeling methodcould also be applied in other contexts to formalize uninvestigated designingpractices
Guélorget, Paul. "Active learning for the detection of objects of operational interest in open-source multimedia content". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAS018.
Texto completoA profusion of openly accessible content, actors and interactions is targeted by analysts for intelligence, marketing or political purposes. Analysing the immensity of open source data requires automated assistance. Although recent propositions in neural network architectures have demonstrated strong capacities for image and text modalities, their training harnesses massive training datasets, non-existent for the majority of operational classes of interest. To address this issue, active learning takes advantage of the great amounts of unlabelled documents by soliciting from a human oracle the ground-truth labels of the presumed most informative documents, to improve accuracy. Yet, the model's decision-making rationales are opaque and might be unrelated to those of the oracle. Furthermore, with its time-consuming iterative steps, the active learning workflow is detrimental to its real-time performances. Our contributions in this thesis aim to analyse and address these issues at four levels. Firstly, we observe the rationales behind a neural network's decisions. Secondly, we put these rationales into perspective with human rationales. Thirdly, we try and make the neural network align its decision-making rationales with those of a teacher model to simulate the rationales of a human oracle and improve accuracy in what is called active learning with rationales. Finally, we design and exploit an active learning framework to overcome its usual limitations. These studies were conducted with uni-modal text and image data, and multi-modal text and image associations, principally press articles in English and French. Throughout this work's chapters, we address several use cases among which fake news classification, vagueness classification, the detection of lack of contradiction in articles, the detection of arbitrary topics such as demonstrations and violence
Nistor, Magdalena. "Faisceau d'électrons créé dans une décharge transitoire à cathode creuse : distribution énergétique, rayonnement X, et ablation d'une cible solide". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066353.
Texto completoGrassineau, Benjamin. "La dynamique des réseaux coopératifs. L'exemple des logiciels libres et du projet d'encyclopédie libre et ouverte Wikipédia". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395335.
Texto completoMazzoni, Cristiana. "De la ville-parc à l'immeuble à cour ouverte : Paris (1919-1939)". Paris 8, 2000. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:2,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28ForceSearch:!f,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:%27cour%20ouverte%27,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:%27cour%20ouverte%27,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoGrassineau, Benjamin. "La dynamique des réseaux coopératifs : l’exemple des logiciels libres et du projet d’encyclopédie libre et ouverte Wikipédia". Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090009.
Texto completoOrganizational and social non-market and non-hierarchical practices related to new information technologies and communication, caused many reactions and controversy. Some actors and thinkers their existence, others say it is a minority or unsustainable phenomenon, and others confined it exclusively to the virtual sphere. As part of these discussions, this thesis tries to make the synthese of the various theoretical approaches to these new practices and to confront them with a rigorous empirical observation of the cooperative network of free software and the free and open project of encyclopaedia Wikipedia. In developing a conceptual framework suitable to study the social entities, built on the symbolic interactionism and sociology critic Ivan Illich, this work show the specific organizational, economic and social form of these new practices, and understand what was able to promote their development and growth over the past three decades. We especially insist on cultural factors, rather than technical factors. Finally, the thesis attempts to reflect on what could eventually promote the development and expansion of these new practices. We are joining here a questioning of society deeper, and without answer : the challenges and uncertainties posed by the development of non-market economy and non-hierarchical
Nicart, Esther. "Qualitative reinforcement for man-machine interactions". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC206/document.
Texto completoInformation extraction (IE) is defined as the identification and extraction of elements of interest, such as named entities, their relationships, and their roles in events. For example, a web-crawler might collect open-source documents, which are then processed by an IE treatment chain to produce a summary of the information contained in them.We model such an IE document treatment chain} as a Markov Decision Process, and use reinforcement learning to allow the agent to learn to construct custom-made chains ``on the fly'', and to continuously improve them.We build a platform, BIMBO (Benefiting from Intelligent and Measurable Behaviour Optimisation) which enables us to measure the impact on the learning of various models, algorithms, parameters, etc.We apply this in an industrial setting, specifically to a document treatment chain which extracts events from massive volumes of web pages and other open-source documents.Our emphasis is on minimising the burden of the human analysts, from whom the agent learns to improve guided by their feedback on the events extracted. For this, we investigate different types of feedback, from numerical rewards, which requires a lot of user effort and tuning, to partially and even fully qualitative feedback, which is much more intuitive, and demands little to no user intervention. We carry out experiments, first with numerical rewards, then demonstrate that intuitive feedback still allows the agent to learn effectively.Motivated by the need to rapidly propagate the rewards learnt at the final states back to the initial ones, even on exploration, we propose Dora: an improved version Q-Learning
Salgas, Antoine. "Modélisation de scénarios prospectifs pour l’aviation : régionalisation, étude des coûts d’abattement et optimisation technico-économique sous contraintes environnementales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ESAE0001.
Texto completoThe anthropogenic origin of climate change is now unequivocal, and its mitigation requires drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Although aviation is a relatively moderate emitter, it still accounts for about 2.6% of CO2 emissions and is responsible for significantnon-CO2, globally warming effects. Several decarbonisation levers are available to reverse the upward emissions trend, including further improvements in aircraft and operational efficiency and the replacement of fossil kerosene with low-carbon alternatives. The advantages and disadvantages of these different options, as well as their interactions, can be explored in prospective transition scenarios. Although they are used by several institutional, industrial or academic stakeholders, they often lack either a detailed and transparent methodology, sufficient disciplinary coverage to make informed strategic choices, or limited adaptability to different cases of application. This thesis proposes three areas of improvement to address these issues, as part of the continuing development of AeroMAPS, a prospective scenario simulator specific to air transport decarbonisation. First, as decarbonisation opportunities vary from region to region (natural and financial resources, traffic levels...), the adaptability of transition scenarios to these different scales is a key issue. This thesis contributes to addressing this issue by presenting a method for estimating air traffic and CO2 emission flows in an open source, reproducible and partitionable manner. These data are used in AeroMAPS to generate scenarios at reduced scales, such as a continent or a country. They are also used to study the air transport use around the world, revealing strong inequalities. Then, this work enriches the modelling of transition scenarios by adapting and integrating different cost models into the same framework. In particular, models from the literature for estimating the minimum selling prices of various alternative low-carbon fuels are used to study the evolution of energy costs for the aviation sector. Similarly, operational cost models are implemented to model the overall impact of different decarbonisation levers on airline costs. These models are also used to study the technical and economic impact of aircraft architectures in a constrained environmental context. Lastly, the economic efficiency of the different decarbonisation levers is examined using two approaches. On the one hand, it can be assessed using carbon abatement cost metrics and sectoral marginal abatement cost curves adapted and developed for the context of transition scenarios. In particular, this makes it possible to compare the costs of decarbonising air transport with different reference carbon values. On the other hand, a more comprehensive cost-effectiveness approach is presented through cost optimisation of transition scenarios. An application is proposed to challenge the fuel blending mandates of the ReFuelEU legislation for European aviation for different carbon budget and energy resource constraints
Mombrun, Yann. "Évaluation de l’information disponible sur Internet : Application au renseignement d’origine sources ouvertes". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0011.
Texto completoIntelligence agencies analyse and assess information open sources manually. Yet it is impossible to process every piece as well. This works aims at assisting operationals to use the Internet to produce intelligence, including deciding whether they can exploit gathered information.We study methods proposed to assessing information, manual or automatic, in a civil or military context. We propose a system dedicated to the exploitation of open sources. It targets collection and analysis phases of the intelligence cycle. Its architecture is open, to ease its adaptability to the procedures of each intelligence service. We describe a prototype implementing a selected set of criteria. We validate the approach by an experiment showing that assisting users eases the assesment of pages avilable on the Internet
Noutsa, Fobang Aimé y Fobang Aimé Noutsa. "La santé des écosystèmes logiciels à code source ouvert : une revue de littérature systématique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38276.
Texto completoUn logiciel à code source ouvert (LCSO) ou Open Source Software est un logiciel dont le code source est accessible et modifiable par quiconque, et dont la licence assure que ce code demeure dans le domaine public. Le développement des LCSO a connu une montée fulgurante au cours des deux dernières décennies. Étant considérés comme un élément clé de l’écosystème logiciel à code source ouvert (ECLSO), les projets de LCSO abondent et deviennent de plus en plus essentiels et indispensables pour les systèmes utilisés par plusieurs organisations à l’échelle mondiale. L’évolution rapide de la recherche sur les ECLSO a permis de nombreuses contributions significatives. Cependant, cette croissance suscite des interrogations et interpelle la communauté des chercheurs et praticiens en ce qui concerne la santé de ces ECLSO. Qu’adviendrait-il s’ils se dégradaient ou cessaient d'exister ? Dans le but de mieux comprendre comment ce domaine a été abordé dans littérature, nous avons effectué une revue de littérature systématique descriptive afin d’avoir un aperçu des études qui ont été faites dans ce domaine. Au total, 98 articles ont été retenus dans notre échantillon et les résultats de notre analyse de ces articles montrent que la recherche dans ce domaine est encore immature. Il n’existe pas encore de consensus quant à la définition de la santé, ni à celle de l’écosystème logiciel, ni d’outils adéquats pour appuyer l’évaluation de la santé des ELCSO. Notre étude a révélé qu’aucun auteur n’a réellement défini ce que c’est que la « santé d’un ELCSO ». Néanmoins, certains aspects de la santé ont été étudiés pour divers composants d’un ELCSO. Notre revue de littérature permet de souligner que le domaine offre de réelles opportunités pour des recherches futures.
Open Source Software (OSS) is software whose source code is accessible and modifiable by anyone, and whose license ensures that this code remains in the public domain. The development of OSSs has skyrocketed over the past two decades. As a key component of the Open Source Software (OSS) ecosystem, OSS projects abound and become increasingly essential and indispensable for various systems used most organizations worldwide. The rapid evolution of OSS ecosystem research has resulted in many significant contributions. However, this growth raises questions and challenges the community of researchers and practitioners as far as health of these OSS ecosystem is concerned. What would happen if they deteriorated or ceased to exist? To better understand how researchers addressed this area, we conducted a descriptive systematic literature review to gain insight into the studies that have been done in this area. In total, 98 articles were selected in our sample and the results of our analysis of these articles show that research in this area is still immature. There is still no consensus on the definition of health, the software ecosystem, nor adequate tools to support the health assessment of the ELCSO. Our study revealed that no author has really defined the "health of an OSS ecosystem". Although some aspects of health have been studied for various components of an OSS ecosystem, our literature review highlights that the field offers real opportunities for future research.
Open Source Software (OSS) is software whose source code is accessible and modifiable by anyone, and whose license ensures that this code remains in the public domain. The development of OSSs has skyrocketed over the past two decades. As a key component of the Open Source Software (OSS) ecosystem, OSS projects abound and become increasingly essential and indispensable for various systems used most organizations worldwide. The rapid evolution of OSS ecosystem research has resulted in many significant contributions. However, this growth raises questions and challenges the community of researchers and practitioners as far as health of these OSS ecosystem is concerned. What would happen if they deteriorated or ceased to exist? To better understand how researchers addressed this area, we conducted a descriptive systematic literature review to gain insight into the studies that have been done in this area. In total, 98 articles were selected in our sample and the results of our analysis of these articles show that research in this area is still immature. There is still no consensus on the definition of health, the software ecosystem, nor adequate tools to support the health assessment of the ELCSO. Our study revealed that no author has really defined the "health of an OSS ecosystem". Although some aspects of health have been studied for various components of an OSS ecosystem, our literature review highlights that the field offers real opportunities for future research.
Zimmermann, Théo. "Challenges in the collaborative evolution of a proof language and its ecosystem". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7163.
Texto completoIn this thesis, I present the application of software engineering methods and knowledge to the development, maintenance, and evolution of Coq —an interactive proof assistant based on type theory— and its package ecosystem. Coq has been developed at Inria since 1984, but has only more recently seen a surge in its user base, which leads to much stronger concerns about its maintainability, and the involvement of external contributors in the evolution of both Coq, and its ecosystem of plugins and libraries.Recent years have seen important changes in the development processes of Coq, of which I have been a witness and an actor (adoption of GitHub as a development platform, first for its pull request mechanism, then for its bug tracker, adoption of continuous integration, switch to shorter release cycles, increased involvement of external contributors in the open source development and maintenance process). The contributions of this thesis include a historical description of these changes, the refinement of existing processes, and the design of new ones, the design and implementation of new tools to help the application of these processes, and the validation of these changes through rigorous empirical evaluation.Involving external contributors is also very useful at the level of the package ecosystem. This thesis additionally contains an analysis of package distribution methods, and a focus on the problem of the long-term maintenance of single-maintainer packages
Sanguinetti, Véronique. "Adoption de l'Open Source par les organisations : articuler business model ouvert et implication dans les communautés". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3067.
Texto completoOpen Source appeared in the software industry in the early 1980s under the name “free software” (Von Hippel, 2001). It is now widely used by all digital infrastructures and companies outside the software industry have recently started showing an interest in this subject. Open Source is an extreme form of Open Innovation (Chesbrough, 2003, 2006, 2017) that creates relations between organizations and external communities around Open Source projects (Von Hippel & Von Krogh, 2003) and leads to new forms of organizations and business models. Organizational Open Source adoption can be assessed with two axes, one for Using Open Source methods, tools and components, and one for community involvement. Organizations face opening dilemmas and under-estimate the importance of community involvement and of open value proposition in their business model performance. We focus on organizations that use and/or offer Open Source solutions. The main goal of our research is to study why and with which consequences organizations adopt Open Source as an innovation path. We show that conceiving opening dilemmas in terms of paradoxes facilitates finding virtuous ways for development and performance (Lauritzen & Karafyllia, 2019; Smith & Lewis, 2011). We use the RCOV framework (Demil & Lecocq, 2010; Warnier, Lecocq, & Demil, 2012) to analyze these business models. Our research design integrates two approaches. (1) A first qualitative approach is based on 25 interviews with experts from the academic and business worlds. It allows us to explore and improve the conceptual panoramas of the main determinants and facilitators for the adoption of Open Source practices by software and industrial organizations. (2) A second quantitative approach is based on a sample of 307 managers and business leaders. The study is conducted with and for the CNLL, Syntec-Numérique and Systematic-Paris-Region in 2017. The study uses structural equation modeling and allows us to identify the determinants and consequences of the use of Open Source. In particular, we show that, depending on the type of business model, the facets of community involvement do not have the same impact on the perceived performance of organizations. In all cases, the formalized type of involvement that is most chosen by organizations is less effective than other forms of involvement
Francis, Fanch. "De la prédiction à la détection d’évènements : L’analyse des mégadonnées au service du renseignement de sources ouvertes". Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDSHS/2019/2019LIL3H046.pdf.
Texto completoUnderstanding the dynamics of a conflict in order to anticipate its evolution is of major interest for open source military intelligence (OSINT) and police intelligence, particularly in the context of Intelligence Led Policing. If the ambition to predict the events of a conflict is not realistic, the ambition to detect them is an important and achievable objective. The human and social sciences, particularly the information and communication sciences combined with the science of data and documents, make it possible to exploit digital social networks in such a way as to make event detection and monitoring a more appropriate objective and method than the standard "protest event analysis" in the context of modern wars and the connected society. At the same time, this requires a renewed intelligence cycle.Based on data from the social network Twitter, collected during the Ukrainian crisis, this thesis shows the relevance of conflict detection and monitoring using our DETEVEN method. This method not only identifies relevant events in a conflict, but also facilitates their monitoring and interpretation. It is based on the detection of statistical anomalies and the adaptation of protest event analysis to social media. Our method is particularly effective on what we define as connected theatres of operation (CTOs) characteristic of new hybrid warfare contexts and on operations of misinformation or influence. These detected events were analytically exploited using a platform designed for an analyst, allowing effective data visualization. In a crisis situation, especially in a "social movement war", where each user becomes a de facto social sensor, information control is a strategic issue. This thesis therefore shows how information literacy is an important issue for individuals and groups
Kadji, ngassam Martial tangui. "Pérennité des business models des projets collaboratifs et communautaires ouverts : cas des projets et communautés open source/logiciel libre". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS027S/document.
Texto completoNowadays, several research works are interested in the free software industry (or Open Source). Most of them have addressed the issue of developers’ motivation in a dynamic collective creation of value. Our work therefore comes as a result of the heavy industrialization of this activity, which attracts software developers primarily guided by the desire of creating economic value, in a context of low levels of ownership value, as property rights are prohibited for Open Source software. This disrupts the basic principles and identity of Open Source projects and therefore questions the sustainability of business models (BM).Our study highlights the BM, not as a tool, but as a series of steps in which sustainability should be analyzed and anticipated. We’ve also emphasized on the need to analyze the sustainability in Open Source in four dimensions or levels (the sustainability of open source software, sustainability of companies creating such freeware, Open Source communities and data’ sustainability). Subsequently, through our qualitative approach based on three case studies and 52 semi-structured interviews, we were able to identify some points of tension and highlighted their impact on the sustainability of Open Source BM during their phases of creation, capturing and sharing of value. Thus it has emerged some risks such as, the diversion of value and the free rider behavior developed by actors who try to strengthen appropriateness of value. This requires on one hand some knowledge retention efforts and on the other hand, the need to maintain internal intellectual capacity primarily held by developers. This creates dilemmas between opening and closing; retention and release. Finally we explain in this work element that stands out as critical to the sustainability of Open Source BM
Serrano, Laurie. "Vers une capitalisation des connaissances orientée utilisateur : extraction et structuration automatiques de l'information issue de sources ouvertes". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2011.
Texto completoDue to the considerable increase of freely available data (especially on the Web), the discovery of relevant information from textual content is a critical challenge. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) specialists are particularly concerned by this phenomenon as they try to mine large amounts of heterogeneous information to acquire actionable intelligence. This collection process is still largely done by hand in order to build knowledge sheets summarizing all the knowledge acquired about a specific entity. Given this context, the main goal of this thesis work is to reduce and facilitate the daily work of intelligence analysts. For this sake, our researches revolve around three main axis: knowledge modeling, text mining and knowledge gathering. We explored the literature related to these different domains to develop a global knowledge gathering system. Our first contribution is the building of a domain ontology dedicated to knowledge representation for OSINT purposes and that comprises a specific definition and modeling of the event concept for this domain. Secondly, we have developed and evaluated an event recognition system which is based on two different extraction approaches: the first one is based on hand-crafted rules and the second one on a frequent pattern learning technique. As our third contribution, we proposed a semantic aggregation process as a necessary post-processing step to enhance the quality of the events extracted and to convert extraction results into actionable knowledge. This is achieved by means of multiple similarity measures between events, expressed according a qualitative scale which has been designed following our final users' needs
Salissou, Yacoubou. "Caractérisation des propriétés acoustiques des matériaux poreux à cellules ouvertes et à matrice rigide ou souple". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1916.
Texto completoDurand, Pierre-Luc. "Fatty acids as a source of original aliphatic polycarbonate materials". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0710.
Texto completoFatty acids were derivatized with the objective to design bio-based aliphatic polycarbonate(APC) materials. To that purpose, two platforms of lipidic 6-membered cyclic carbonates were prepared following synthetic routes either involving the ring-closure of a malonate intermediate or the coupling reaction between a fatty acid and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol. The ring-openingpolymerization (ROP) of these cyclic carbonates was next investigated. The first platform of 6CCswas polymerized in the presence of Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst, yielding low Tg aliphatic polycarbonates ranging from -61°C to -26°C with respect to the size of the pendant aliphatic side chains. The polymerization of the second lipidic 6CC platform was performed in a controlled fashion using DBU/Schreiner thiourea as catalytic system. Taking advantage of the presence of unsaturation functions on the linear bio-based APCs, cross-linked polycarbonate materials were then prepared.Several cross-linking methods were tested such as the irreversible thiol-ene coupling, the thermoreversible Diels-Alder reaction and the photo-reversible [2+2] cyclo-addition reaction between two cinnamate moieties. Fatty acid-based cross-linked APCs were thus designed and characterized; the latter exhibit tunable physico-chemical properties as a function of the monomer structure and the cross-linking density
Salone, Jean-Jacques. "Les références praxéologiques dans les systèmes didactiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3021/document.
Texto completoWhat knowledge does a class refer to? Beyond the official one, students and teachers involve theirs and thus deeply root the courses in everyday life, society, cultures and civilizations. In this thesis, an overview of the praxeological references' sources used in classes or suggested by scholar institutions is proposed. The concept of reference itself is derived from the theorical frameworks provided by the Anthropological Theory of Didactic and the Theory of Joint Action in Teaching. Extending the question to the one of the possible ecological openings of classes, we then integrate the paradigms of world's questionning and active learning. Several teaching schemes are finally described and implemented in order to diversificate the references' sources and to increase students' roles
Barcellini, Flore. "Conception de l'artefact, conception du collectif : dynamique d'un processus de conception ouvert et continu dans une communauté de développement de logiciels libres". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00350212.
Texto completoL'apport méthodologique de ce travail consiste à analyser des traces contextuelles d'un processus de conception du projet Python, le Python Enhancement Proposal (PEP), et ceci dans des perspectives synchronique (centrée sur des discussions en ligne PEPs) et diachronique (centrée sur l'évolution d'une proposition PEP dans les trois espaces d'activité). Nous avons adopté une méthodologie originale combinant des analyses structurelles des listes de discussion du projet, l'une orientée usage et l'autre orientée conception (p.ex. représentation des discussions) à des analyses de contenu de ces listes (p.ex. activités collaboratives de conception), ainsi que des analyses des traces des espaces de documentation et d'implémentation et des entretiens.
Concernant l'organisation de la conception de l'artefact dans les trois espaces d'activité, nous montrons que la liste orientée usage et la liste orientée conception sont spécialisées, en termes de phases du processus de conception et d'activités qui y ont lieu. De même, nous montrons les relations qui lient les actions dans les listes (espace de discussion) avec les actions dans les deux autres espaces d'activités (implémentation, documentation). Les discussions de conception sont focalisées et marquées par des moments d'échange quasi-synchrones, traduisant la présence de règles implicites encadrant les discussions. Enfin, la répartition des activités collaboratives de conception et des séquences d'activités est similaire à celle mise en évidence dans d'autres études concernant les réunions de conception en face à face.
Concernant ce qui constitue le collectif de conception, nous montrons que la communauté des concepteurs de Python est constituée de réseaux de conception locaux associant des membres provenant de diverses communautés d'utilisateurs, autour d'un noyau dur de développeurs. Dans ce collectif de conception, la participation est basée sur les rôles effectivement tenus par les participants, plus que sur leurs statuts (utilisateurs vs. développeurs). Notre analyse montre que les rôles cognitifs (génération-évaluation de solutions de conception) et épistémiques (clarification) sont pris en charge par l'ensemble des participants, y compris les utilisateurs. Des profils de participants spécifiques apparaissent néanmoins. Le chef de projet et les personnes proposant les nouvelles fonctionnalités (les champions) ont un profil d'animateur du processus de conception, caractérisé par un rôle de coordination, par un rôle interactif (gestion de l'interaction) central dans les discussions, et parfois par un rôle socio-relationnel (relations interpersonnelles). Des profils d'acteurs d'interface, articulant usage et conception, apparaissent comme des participants clés pour la performance du processus de conception. Ils se caractérisent par un rôle interactif basé sur la participation croisée, entre les listes orientées usage et conception, et une position centrale dans les discussions. Ils ont également un rôle épistémique basé sur des apports de connaissances spécifiques quant aux domaines d'application de la conception, et enfin un rôle de soutien du champion de la proposition.
Ces résultats peuvent fonder la spécification d'outils permettant de favoriser la participation aux projets LOS, en dépassant diverses barrières (p.ex. coût temporel d'intégration dans un projet) et en soutenant la construction et le maintien de la conscience du projet (conscience du processus de conception et conscience sociale).
Henrich, Nathalie. "Etude de la source glottique en voix parlée et chantée : modélisation et estimation, mesures acoustiques et électroglottographiques, perception". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123133.
Texto completoNyadanu, Aude. "Nouvelles réactions multicomposants et ouverture de cycles contraints pour la synthèse d’hétérocycles". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX065/document.
Texto completoMulticomponent reactions (MCR) are a response to two big challenges faced by pharmaceutical chemistry : the discovery of new bioactive molecules and their production with reduced costs in a environmentally acceptable way. Indeed, by combining several reactants in one pot, MCR allow the synthesis of a wide diversity of complex molecules by simple and quick procedures, with good yields, and with limited amounts of reaction waste. In the framework of this thesis, we have developed new isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions, these compounds having an exceptionnaly rich reactivity.First, we were interested in the use of strong acids in the Ugi reaction. The first trials were made with sulfinic, sulfonic, phosphinic and phosphonic acids, and they failed. Nevertheless, thanks to the introduction of nitric acid as the acid component in the Ugi reaction, we described a one-pot synthesis of highly functionalized nitramines starting from an aldehyde, an isocyanide and an ammonium nitrate. This transformation is the first multicomponent reaction leading to a N-N bond formation.We also proposed a new variant for the Passerini reaction, involving thiocarbonyl derivatives. These compounds generally being quite unstable, we imagined a strategy in order to generate a thiocarbenium in situ from a 3-sulfanyl phthtalide, in the presence of titanium chloride. The coupling of this thiocarbenium with an isocyanide and a carboxylic acid leads to a divergent synthesis of two types of sulfur-containing heterocycles : thiophthalides and 3-amino-4-sulfanyl isocoumarines. This study represents the first formal approach of a Thio-Passerini reaction.Finally, as part of our continuing interest in in sulfur-containing derivatives, we described a new synthesis of thiovinylethers. These compounds, synthetically equivalent to thiocarbonyl derivatives, were obtained by the palladium-catalyzed ring opening of thiocyclopropanes.While the use of transition metals for constrained ring opening is well known for oxygen or nitrogen derivatives, this is the first reaction of this type for sulfur derivatives.Overall, we developed three original methodologies that give access to different types of functionalized compounds, potentially useful in pharmacy and agrochemistry. This work relies on the unique reactivity of isocyanides and adds on this especially rich chemistry
Combrisson, Etienne. "Décodage des intentions et des exécutions motrices : étude du rôle des oscillations cérébrales via l’apprentissage machine et développement d’outils open-source". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1327/document.
Texto completoThe execution of a motor task is associated with complex patterns of oscillatory modulations in the brain. However, the specific role of oscillatory phase, amplitude and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) across the planning and execution stages of goal-directed motor behavior is still not yet fully understood. The aim of the first part of this PhD thesis was to address this question by analyzing intracranial EEG data recorded in epilepsy patients during the performance of a delayed center-out task. Using machine learning, we identified functionally relevant oscillatory features via their accuracy in predicting motor states and movement directions. In addition to the established role of oscillatory power, our data-driven approach revealed the prominent role of low-frequency phase as well as significant involvement of PAC in the neuronal underpinnings of motor planning and execution. In parallel to this empirical research, an important portion of this PhD work was dedicated to the development of efficient tools to analyze and visualize electrophysiological brain data. These packages include a feature extraction and classification toolbox (Brainpipe), modular and tensor-based PAC computation tools (Tensorpac) and a versatile brain data visualization GUI (Visbrain). Taken together, this body of research advances our understanding of the role of brain oscillations in goal-directed behavior, and provides efficient open-source packages for the scientific community to replicate and extend this research
Kertous, Leila. "Ouverture de cycle de la tétraline sur des carbures de molybdène supportes dans les conditions d’hydrotraitement". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066743.
Texto completoMalka, Pascale. "Étude en chambres à ciel ouvert, des effets de doses subnécrotiques d'ozone et de dyoxide de soufre sur la croissance et le fonctionnement stomatique de Picea abies". Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120053.
Texto completoMaumi, Catherine. "Grille, ville et territoire aux Etats-Unis : un quadrillage de l'espace pour une pensée spécifique de la ville et son territoire". Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:2,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:maumi,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:maumi,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoLe, Pabic Christophe. "La demeure privée rurale en Bretagne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : modernité et historicité". Paris 8, 2004. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:pabic,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:pabic,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoConsidered as an -historical subject, rural private dwelling can be integrated into the sphere of modernity due to its emergence in recent centuries, marked by the spread of new social manners, the appearance of architecture treatises and the urban development. With the help of archives and a corpus of 17th-and 18th - centuries breton buildings, the method is combining history and social science allow to study the relations between inhabitants and their habitations. The internal organization results from the existence of architectural devices permitting some selected areas and passages according to the occupant’s status. The technical factors related to the hierarchical organization of the society limit the evolution of forms. The relations between the rural community and the urban/learned community define the factors that influenced rural construction and some normative views of state institutions. Since the 18th c. , the private habitation has been part and parcel of technical and moral concerns
Grudet, Isabelle. "L' "Histoire de l'urbanisme" de Pierre Lavedan de 1919 à 1955 : entre savoir et action". Paris 8, 2005. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:Grudet,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:Grudet,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoThis work questions the correlation between theoretical and doctrinal aspects of discourses about the city. It analyses the first series of History of urbanism written by the historian of art Pierre Lavedan (1885-1982), a major reference for town planners, historians and geographers, especially after the Second World War. The hypothesis is that this author, as an intermediary figure between knowledge and action, has produced texts that reflect the positions he has successively occupied in the field of history of art and later in the field of urbanism. The empirical study shows that these positions have in common to support the idea of mediation: as an historian – mediator Pierre Lavedan has nurtured several paradigms of urbanism. This work invites to study the mediation of urbanism and to overcome the critics of the correlation between knowledge and action on the one hand, and of the orientation of history on the other hand, in order to think of the historian – mediator as an actor in the field of urbanism
Vinet, Jérôme. "Contribution a la modelisation thermo-aeraulique du microclimat urbain. Caracterisation de l'impact de l'eau et de la vegetation sur les conditions de confort en espaces exterieurs". Nantes, 2000. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:vinet,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:vinet,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoJoanne, Pascal. "L'espace sensible du monastère cistercien aux origines : essai de caractérisation des ambiances architecturales". Nantes, 2003. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:Joanne,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:Joanne,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoLeitner, Patrick. "Entre Paris et New York : dynamiques d'échange pour transformer la métropole : 1858-1926". Paris 8, 2009. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:leitner,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:leitner,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
Texto completoBased on the principle that cities are well aware of their own position, this thesis shows how two world cities, Paris and New York, built their physical public space by interacting one with the other. This takes place in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. The particular dynamics of this relationship is due to the fact that, first Paris, then New York, is the foremost model of urban modernity. By studying, on both sides, the reciprocal knowledge, the expressions of urban desires, rejections and ambitions as well as urban visions in regards to the other city, this thesis reconstructs a complicated and passionate history. To do this, it analyses texts and images from the professional sphere of architects and engineers as well as from the public sphere and the art world. The history between Paris and New York, thanks to the reversal of one model toward the other, gives a new insight in the more generally cultural aspects that both world cities associate with the modernity of either one. It is a history where the desires and obstacles lead to a far more complexe relationship to modernity itself. Only superficially symmetrical, this relationship is, in fact, profoundly asymmetrical
Oudompheng, Benoit. "Localisation et contribution de sources acoustiques de navire au passage par traitement d’antenne réduite". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT071/document.
Texto completoSince the surface ship radiated noise is the main contribution to the underwater acoustic noise in coastal waters, The Marine Framework Strategy Directive of the European Commission recommends the development of the monitoring and the reduction of the impact of the traffic noise. The need for developing an industrial system for the noise mapping of the surface ship have motivated this study, it will allow the naval industries to identify which part of the ship radiates the stronger noise level.In this context, this research work deals with the development of passive noise mapping methods of a surface ship passing-by above a static linear array with a reduced number of hydrophones. Two aspects of the noise mapping are considered: the localization of acoustic sources and the identification of the relative contribution of each source to the ship acoustic signature.First, a bibliographical study concerning the acoustic radiation of a passing-by surface ship is conducted in order to list the main acoustic sources and then to simulate representative ship sources. The acoustic propagation is simulated according to the ray theory and takes the source motion into account. The simulator of the acoustic radiation of a passing-by ship is built in order to validate the proposed noise mapping methods and to design an experimental set-up. A study about the influence of the source motion on the noise mapping methods led to the use of the beamforming method for moving sources for the source localization and a deconvolution method for the identification of the source contribution. The performances of both methods are assessed considering measurement noise and uncertainties about the propagation model in order to know their limitations. A first improvement of the beamforming method consists of a passive synthetic aperture array algorithm which benefits from the relative motion between the ship and the antenna in order to improve the spatial resolution at low frequencies. Then, an algorithm is proposed to acoustically correct the trajectography mismatches of a passing-by surface ship. Finally, the last part of this thesis concerns a pass-by experiment of a towed-ship model in a lake. These measurements allowed us to validate the proposed noise mapping methods and their proposed improvements, in a real and controlled environment
Malka, Pascale. "Etude en chambres à ciel ouvert des effets de doses sunécrotiques d'ozone et de dioxyde de soufre sur la croissance et le fonctionnement stomatique de Picea abies". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615594b.
Texto completoJeveme, Panta Franck. "Modélisation des métadonnées multi sources et hétérogènes pour le filtrage négatif et l'interrogation intelligente de grands volumes de données : application à la vidéosurveillance". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30098.
Texto completoDue to the massive and progressive deployment of video surveillance systems in major cities, a posteriori analysis of videos coming from these systems is facing many problems, including the following: (i) interoperability, due to the different data (video) formats and camera specifications associated to each system; (ii) time-consuming nature of analysis due to the huge amount of data and metadata generated; and (iii) difficulty to interpret videos which are sometimes incomplete. To address these issues, the need to propose a common format to exchange video surveillance data and metadata, to make video content filtering and querying more efficient, and to facilitate the interpretation of content using external (contextual) information is an unavoidable concern. Therefore, this thesis focuses on heterogeneous and multi-source metadata modeling in order to propose negative filtering and intelligent data querying, which are applicable to video surveillance systems in particular and adaptable to systems dealing with large volumes of data in general. In the applicative context of this thesis, the goal is to provide human CCTV operators with tools that help them to reduce the large volume of video to be processed or viewed and implicitly reduce search time. We therefore initially propose a so-called "negative" filtering method, which enables the elimination from the mass of available videos those that it is know in advance, based on a set of criteria, that the processing will not lead to any result. The criteria used for the proposed negative filtering approach are based on metadata modeling describing video quality and usability/usefulness. Then, we propose a contextual enrichment process based on metadata from the context, enabling intelligent querying of the videos. The proposed contextual enrichment process is supported by a scalable metadata model that integrates contextual information from a variety of sources, and a multi-level query mechanism with a spatio-temporal reasoning ability that is robust to fuzzy queries. Finally, we propose a generic metadata modeling of video surveillance metadata integrating metadata describing the movement and field of view of cameras, metadata from content analysis algorithms, and metadata from contextual information, in order to complete the metadata dictionary of the ISO 22311/IEC 79 standard, which aims to provide a common format to export data extracted from video surveillance systems. The experiments performed using the framework developed in this thesis showed the reliability of our approach in a real case and enabled the validation of our proposals
Le, Luyer Simon. "Synthèse de polymères soufrés : applications aux biohybrides". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS322.pdf.
Texto completoThe presence of sulphur atoms in a macromolecular chain gives the polymer material a number of properties. For example, some sulphur-containing polymers have a particularly high refractive index or good heat resistance. They can also chelate heavy metals and have improved dielectric properties. As a result, they find applications in a wide range of industrial fields, from adhesives and sealants to high-tech products such as optical devices (high refractive index polymers) and self-healing materials. In the field of energy storage, polythioethers, in particular poly(ethylene sulphide), have great potential as solid electrolytes to replace poly(ethylene oxide) in lithium-ion batteries. In addition, polysulphides are commonly proposed as oxidation-sensitive or antioxidant materials for biomedical applications due to their unique and well-controlled oxidation response behaviour. Ring-opening polymerisation (ROP) of cyclic monomers containing a sulphur atom is an efficient method for synthesising these sulphur-containing polymers with a control over size and macromolecular structure. Thiolactones are cyclic thioesters that can be used as monomers for this method. However, these monomers are still scarcely studied among the scientific community and more particularly γ-thiobutyrolactone (5-membered ring), which is poorly polymerisable. This thesis focuses on the development of new methods for the synthesis of Sulphur containing polymers using γ-thiolactones. The first method of synthesis is the anionic ring-opening polymerisation (AROP) of episulphides. Here we propose to use γ-thiolactone to functionalise alcohol or amine functions with poly(propylene sulphide) chains. AROP of episulphides is a well-known synthesis technique that has been studied since the 1960s, but polymerisation initiated by protic functions (other than thiols and thiol derivatives) induces transfer reactions and makes it impossible to control the size and structure of polymer chains. The first part is therefore devoted to the use of thiolactone as a co-initiator in the controlled polymerisation of propylene sulphide. This method is then applied to various protic initiators such as alcohols and amines, both aliphatic and aromatic, as well as carboxylic acids. In addition, the properties of these polythioethers are evaluated, in particular their responses to various stimuli such as pH and oxidation. Potential applications are also considered by using this initiation method to functionalise biologically active molecules with sulphur containing polymer chains and thus pave the way for the development of bio-hybrid or pro-drug systems. Before the beginning of this PhD, a synthesis method of sulphur containing polymers was developed in the laboratory by the alternating copolymerization of γ-thiobutyrolactone with epoxides through AROP. The γ-thiolactones are difficult to polymerise due to their low ring tension, but this method allows the synthesis of functional poly(ester-alt-thioether)s whose properties can be modulated by the wide diversity of epoxy and thiolactone monomers that are theoretically copolymerisable. The second part of this thesis is therefore devoted to extend the range of copolymerisable epoxides and thiolactones monomers, with a focus on monomer sourcing and the life cycle of materials. In addition, the many properties of this new sulphur containing poly(ester)s structure are being explored. In particular, by exploiting the pH sensitivity of the ester bond, which enables the poly(ester-alt-thioether) to be degraded and repolymerised. Various synthetic strategies are being studied to obtain a hydrophilic poly(thiolactone-alt-epoxide), in particular by oxidizing the thioether group of the repeating unit or by copolymerising an epoxide bearing a protected alcohol function
Peneranda, Adrien. "Commons et management public du patrimoine culturel à l'ère numérique : étude de cas de production et de diffusion des données culturelles sur des plateformes libres par les villes de Toulouse, Brest et Monmouth". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1102.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is to understand the logic of collective action which contributes to create value through usage for public intangibles goods like cultural intangible heritage and public data. These informational resources are shared today between public institutions and civil society through innovating and unexplored Public-Private partnerships with open source communities. This doctorate project aims to identify the design principles and governance processes of inter-organizational information systems which enhance cooperation between actors and add a usage value to the intangibles hold by the state
Kourdian, Raphaël. "Analyse de la traficabilité en zone tropicale par imagerie spatiale optique et radar : application au Tchad méridional". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00563246.
Texto completoOuedraogo, Wendyam. "Méthode géométrique de séparation de sources non-négatives : applications à l'imagerie dynamique TEP et à la spectrométrie de masse". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859690.
Texto completoPeneranda, Adrien. "Commons et management public du patrimoine culturel à l'ère numérique : étude de cas de production et de diffusion des données culturelles sur des plateformes libres par les villes de Toulouse, Brest et Monmouth". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1102.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is to understand the logic of collective action which contributes to create value through usage for public intangibles goods like cultural intangible heritage and public data. These informational resources are shared today between public institutions and civil society through innovating and unexplored Public-Private partnerships with open source communities. This doctorate project aims to identify the design principles and governance processes of inter-organizational information systems which enhance cooperation between actors and add a usage value to the intangibles hold by the state
Scalabrino, Gabrielle. "Modifications catalytiques d’huiles végétales pour des applications en matériaux polymères". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10304.
Texto completoDuring this thesis, derivatives of vegetable oils are used to synthesize bio-resistant bio plasticizers for PVC and plasticizer / cross linker for an elastomer (EPDM). The oils possess ester functional groups which allow the solubilization of PVC and fatty chains compatible with EPDM. The reactions of epoxide ring-opening of fatty esters to di esters (symmetrical and asymmetrical) have been studied and applied mainly to the plasticization of PVC. The ring-opening of epoxides of fatty esters to ether-esters has also been studied, primarily for plasticization of EPDM. Optimization of the reaction conditions was carried: homogeneous (TBACl) and heterogeneous (TiO2) catalysts were efficient for the preparation of hydroxy-ester, and sulfonic resins in ether and the esterification of residual hydroxyls. A wide variety of reagents selected according to desired application were used. The derivative cyclohexanoate / acetate rapeseed methyl esters present the best plasticizing properties for PVC but it is unfortunately not bio-resistant. Ether-ester derivatives are not stable thermally and do not allow the plasticization of EPDM. A relatively non-polar di-unsaturated derivative (oleyl oleate) was synthesized for the plasticization and cross linking of EPDM. Several reactions are considered to link the oil and the polymer (hydrosilylation, ene- reaction and metathesis), but the reactivity is too low to allow the cross linking
Dehghanikiadehi, Abbas. "Commande vectorielle innovante pour véhicules électriques ou hybrides". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC012/document.
Texto completoOver the last decade, the interest for low-carbon vehicle technologies has surged among both governments and automotive manufacturers across and beyond the European Union (EU). Great hopes have been put, first, on biofuel vehicles and more recently on electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) as key technologies to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security and nurture new industry branches within the automotive sector. So electrification of vehicles has been seen as a key strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector. The main challenge toward EVs and HEVs is to keep driving for longer distance (which has been always fields for competition among traction industries) as well as lifetime battery cells as storage system. As a result, these indicate importance of power converter efficiency as a key gate for next generations of these up-coming vehicles. The next parameter is the quality of output voltage/current (especially by suppressing low-order harmonics) to reduce the size of filtering. The aim of this thesis is to achieve better efficiency and output voltage/current Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) by proposing novel power converter and associated Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) methods while imposing modification on power converter topology. As a result, dual-inverter is proposed to supply open-end motor from both sides. To this aim, three PWM methods are suggested as: The first one, Modified Space Vector Modulation (MSVM) for dual-inverter supplied by single dc source, improves efficiency by 4-5% (while having lower switching losses), and reduces Common Mode Voltage (CMV) levels by 66%, as well. The voltage/current harmonics are analytically analyzed which shows mainly better performance. Effective switching frequency is also reduced by 66% due to the reduction of number of commutations. In the second one, Near State PWM (NSPWM) is adapted for dual-inverter supplied by single dc source in order to eliminate triplen harmonics (therefore Zero Sequence Voltage, ZSV) and improve efficiency (by 3-4%) compared to Space Vector Modulation (SVM). Additionally due to avoiding use of zero vectors, CMV is improved by 66%. While having 8 commutations instead of 12 in SVM, effective switching frequency is improved by 33%. And finally, the third proposed method deals with NSPWM for dual-inverter supplied by two isolated dc sources wherein efficiency and CMV levels show the same performance as previous one. However, in this method, voltage THD is highly reduced compared to SVM. Triplen harmonics of the output voltage are inherently suppressed by the structure. These 3 proposed methods are analytically studied and their performances are step by step simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. Then the methods are implemented in dualinverter fed open-end motor in laboratory setup; and the results are compared with these of SVM. Finally, it is found that novel proposed methods are so competitive solutions to be applied in HEVs and EVs and bring superior efficiency and voltage/current harmonic features
Charest, Luc. "De la fusion du génie logiciel et d'une bibliothèque à source ouverte pour la modélisation/simulation de processus matériel et logiciel". Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14578.
Texto completoBonneau, Claudine. "La co-configuration intra-organisationnelle d'une technologie à code source ouvert en tant que lien entre son développement et ses usages : le cas de Moodle dans une université québécoise". Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5110/1/D2384.pdf.
Texto completoLemyre, Pierre-Paul. "Les logiciels libres sous l'angle de la responsabilité civile". Thèse, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2442.
Texto completoDistributed under permissive licenses that guarantee the users use, modification and redistribution rights, the development of free software is decentralized. Numerous legal challenges flow from this, particularly respecting civil liability matthers. In consequence, developers are concerned regarding the circumstances in which they could be liable based on the faillure of their free software. They are equally questionning the possibility that numerous developers scattered around the world could be jointly liable. The analysis show that the law, in its actual form, is able to answer the majority of the issues resulting from the establishment and the application of civil liability regarding free software. In this way, civil liability rules are representing a potential risk to free software developers, even if they are relatively weil protected by the legal and factual contexts.
"Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit des technologies de l'information [LL.M]". Ce mémoire a été accepté à l'unanimité et classé parmi les 10% des mémoires de la discipline. Commentaires du jury : "Avec les félicitations du jury."
JESTIN, Cédric. "La collaboration professionnelle avec les Allemands, source de difficultés et d'attentes ? Analyse qualitative du comportement des Allemands dans un environnement professionnel et interculturel". Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364755.
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