Tesis sobre el tema "Sommeil – Psychologie"
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Sagot, Jean-Claude. "Thermoregulation et sommeil chez l'homme : influences d'environnements chauds et de la privation de sommeil". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13036.
Descarpentries-Billon, Jacqueline. "Environnement éducatif familial : sommeil et activités cognitives de l'enfant". Lille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL30022.
The works presents a research being a matter for the vygostkian modelization of cognitive activities ans concerning epigenetic conception of a relation between family surrounding and child sleep. It sets the problem of mediation between parents and children through parental educative pratices that is of educative behaviours of parents towards their children. It induces to etablish interrelations between cognitive development and their fonctional basis in nervous system. We operationalized our study by factorial analysis and lisrel model. Our research shown the existence of a connection between care variations and sleep physiologic duration and family surrounding. One the one hand, the regular ways of life; lithe but directed by activity contexts education pratices, representations of child regular rhythm of life by parents would tend to equal of superior sleep durations to physioloig sleep durations. On the other hand, the most fluctuating children from their care ability point of view would be those who came under a great
Sagaspe, Patricia. "Effets de la privation aiguë de sommeil sur l'efficacité des processus d'inhibition : étude du vieillissement et de la fatigue induite par la conduite automobile prolongée". Bordeaux 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR21172.
The aim of the present work is to verify whether critical factors in our modern society that is, on the one hand normal aging, and on the other hand the fatigue generated by extensive automobile driving, increase the deleterious effects of acute sleep deprivation on inhibition processes. Inhibition which is a crucial superior cognitive function for activities control is central in theories of human functioning. We focused our interest on interference control (measured by the Stroop paradigm), behavioural inhibition (measured by continuous performance, stop signal and random generation paradigms) and cognitive inhibition (measured by a recognition paradigm). The first protocol allows to evaluate the respective and combined effects of aging and acute sleep deprivation on the efficiency of behavioural inhibition, interference control and cognitive inhibition. The second protocol allows to evaluate the respective and combined effects of fatigue induced by prolonged driving (i. E. , distance of 1000 km / 600 miles on a motorway) and sleep deprivation on interference control and cognitive inhibition. It is concluded that normal aging and fatigue induced by prolonged driving do not increase the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on these processes. Moreover, sensitivity to monotony in young adults is discussed
St-Amand, Julie. "Étude des perturbations du sommeil dans le trouble bipolaire en phase euthymique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28769/28769.pdf.
Potey, Julia. "Serotonergic modulation of the states of vigilance". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34537.
The serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator that plays a critical role in the regulation of states of vigilance. The disbalance in the levels of serotonin is implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders, particularly in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, that are also accompanied by sleep disturbances. Based on this, we hypothesized that a reduction in serotonin levels should lead to disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle in mice. To test this hypothesis, we used TPH-2 knock-in homozygote (HO) mice that produce 20% of normal level of serotonin (Beaulieu et al., 2008) and wild-type (WT) mice with normal serotonin level. In both of those groups, we conducted chronic electrophysiological recordings of the brain activity in three (prelimbic, motor, retrosplenial) cortical areas and in the hippocampus in addition to a neck EMG. The states of vigilance were detected, the number and duration of each sleep and wake episode was measured in addition to values of Delta power. We found that the reduction in serotonin levels leads to longer duration and decreased number of individual sleep and wake episodes. HO mice displayed longer continuous sleep (combining slow-wave sleep and REM sleep) and longer wake episodes as compared to WT. We also evaluated the slow-wave activity power in all investigated cortical areas and our study reveal that depletion in serotonin leads to higher values of Delta Power. We conclude that the decrease in serotonin levels cause more consolidated states of vigilance in addition to a reduced number of episodes compared to WT. Our results surprisingly indicate that serotonin significantly influence the cortical slow-wave activity power by increasing Delta power. Our results also suggest that humans and mice differently respond to a reduction in serotonin level.
Hamon, Jean-François. "Apport des potentiels liés à l'événement à l'analyse de l'organisation du traitement de l'information sensori-motrice et de ses perturbations chez l'homme". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4384.
Moreau, Vincent. "Sommeil et trouble de déficit de l'attention/hyperactivité chez les enfants". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27867/27867.pdf.
Khalladi, Karim. "Influence du sommeil dans la récupération après une intervention chirurgicale chez les sportifs : impact des facteurs émotionnels et cognitifs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080064.
This thesis aimed to assess the impact of sleep and psychological factors on recovery outcomes in athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Two experiments were performed to complete a battery of questionnaires in order to screen sleep disorders and assess the psychological statement in athletes. Our results showed that soccer players had insufficient sleep duration yet good sleep efficiency. Furthermore, in athletes following ACL-R, sleep parameters and psychological factors were not associated with time to meet the discharge criteria to Return to sport. Thus, it is critical, to monitor sleep quality and psychological factors before and after ACL surgery to identify athletes who might have difficulty to adhering and complete their rehabilitation program to RTS
Castelo, Branco Crisostomo De Araujo Tais. "L'expérience vécue des difficultés de sommeil dans la relation de couple au Canada et au Brésil : une étude interculturelle comparative entre les villes de Québec et de Fortaleza". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30221/30221.pdf.
Sleep is a natural, biological and individual phenomenon but also socioculturally organized. Understanding the lived experience of sleep difficulties (SD) in Canadian and Brazilian couples’ everyday life was the purpose of this thesis. The study, within in the comparative cross-cultural paradigm, is based on the critical phenomenological method (Moreira, 2009). This approach seeks to understand the lived world of couples with SD from the description of multiple contours (socio-economic and cultural) in which each partner, and the couple, are deeply intertwined day by day. Eleven heterosexual couples without children, aged between 24 and 47 years-old, with one or both partners self-reporting SD were recruited in Quebec (N = 6) and Fortaleza (N = 5). A couple’s phenomenological interview and “free reports” on sleep during seven consecutive days were used, as well as two questionnaires (PSQI/DAS-16). Regardless of the city, the lived experiences of SD were mostly associated with professional and adult lives’ stress that reflect symptoms of insomnia, and were closely linked to socio-cultural, economic, environmental and family contexts. The interviewed couples reported being used to their SD; they generally adopted personal and “healthy” strategies to cope with them and preferred the social convention of bed sharing. The majority of respondents were generally satisfied with their couple relationship at the time of their participation in this study. The experience of healthy relationships seems thus to promote appropriate behaviors related to sleep, but do not necessarily assure a lack of SD within the couple. Considering sleep in context and acknowledging its social (and dyadic) aspects could contribute to the identification of sleep difficulties, as well as their meaning and assessment.
Gauthier, Pierre. "Étude de critères électroencéphalographiques spontanés et liés à l'évènement dans des états émotionnels et au cours du sommeil". Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4183.
Hamel, Alexandre. "Exploration de l’effet de la privation de sommeil sur les comportements de jeu chez les joueurs de poker en ligne". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67404.
Aït-Aoudia, Malik. "Les cauchemars et les troubles du sommeil dans le contexte d'un trouble stress post-traumatique : évaluation psychopathologique et psychophysiologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080140.
Sleep disorders in general and nightmares in particular are often associated with psychopathological and physical disorders. They are among the largest and the most frequent complaints reported by patients with PTSD and their links with the severity are now more specified. The overall objectives of this thesis are to shed light on the clinical, psychopathological and psychophysiological aspects of nightmares in the specific context of PTSD, and also to clarify the therapeutic contributions of nightmares centered treatment through a case study. In order to achieve these objectives, a sample of 21 patients suffering from posttraumatic nightmares and hospitalized in a specialized psychotraumatology unit of care were assessed using self-administered questionnaires (IES-R, HAD, PSQI, PSQI-A, NDQ and DES), structured interviews (MINI and the CAPS) and psychophysiological recordings. In parallel, another patient coming from a specialized psychotraumatology center in Paris was carefully monitored in regards of his therapeutic evolution while receiving the Imagery Rehearsal Therapy program on an individual basis. The main results of this research show that the severity of PTSD is strongly and positively associated with the severity of post-traumatic nightmares and that the distress related to nightmares better explains the severity of PTSD that the frequency of nightmares does. The results also confirmed what has been reported in the scientific literature, namely the presence of significant comorbidities. However and in terms of psychophysiological assessments of sleep, no significant results were found in the analysis of polysomnographic recordings, and none of the studied parameters were correlated with the frequency and/or the distress related to nightmares. Finally, the case study was successfully used to evaluate the expected therapeutic benefits of a relatively new psychotherapeutic treatment focusing on nightmares and the results show a significant reduction in the severity of nightmares, accompanied by a reduction in the severity of PTSD and a proportional improvement in sleep quality. In conclusion, the results of this research are consistent with those found in previous studies and underscore the clinical and psychopathological importance nightmares and their involvement in the severity of PTSD
Clodore, Martine. "La vigilance : evolution circadienne et horaires de sommeil, importance de la typologie matin/soir". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066153.
Adam, Anne-Marie. "Difficultés subjectives de sommeil chez les personnes âgées présentant ou non un trouble cognitif sans démence". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29698/29698.pdf.
Tirilly, Ghislaine. "Ajustement du rythme veille-sommeil et de la vigilance aux horaires fractionnés en mer : influence des facteurs circadiens et sociaux". Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20038.
The present research examines the effects of fragmented work schedules on sleep/wake patterns and alertness at sea. This question is related to the general problem of adaptation of the sleep/wake cycle and alertness to atypical schedules. The study provides a comprehensive view on the effects of real crew activity and social organization on those variables. To assess the extent of the problem, two observational field studies were undertaken: 1) oceanographic crew members (scientists, technicians and officers) working on a 12h cycle (4-on/8-off watchkeeping) across 3 weeks; 2) fishermen working on a 3-4 hour cycle across 11 days. In both maritime environments, crew members rated their subjective alertness (VAS). Sleep logs were assessed for each crew member, and actigraphy data were collected from a representative sub-sample of each watch type. Observations were conducted throughout the oceanographic trip, and for two days at the beginning, the middle and the end of the trip on the fishing boat. In the oceanographic vessel, several strategies were observed depending on watch schedules and socializing at meal times. Sleep patterns were characterized by a biphasic distribution of sleep, and delay in sleep onset. Fishermen showed a quasi-polyphasic sleep (4 sleep episodes at least) imposed by fishing activities. Both operations showed a reduction in total duration of sleep in 24h. Despite the sleep fragmentation and reduction, the circadian fluctuations in alertness were maintained and an important decrease was observed in both operations. A pronounced dip in the afternoon indicates the presence of a 12h component of alertness. Results suggest that, even though sleep is fragmented, the circadian control of subjective alertness continues. Nevertheless, sustained physical activity and social influences play an important role on the level of alertness and the stabilization of circadian rhythmicity. From the results of this study, recommendations have been developed to reduce the potential impact of fragmented work/rest schedules on efficiency at sea
Lecouvey, Grégory. "Neuropsychologie de la mémoire prospective dans le vieillissement normal et la maladie d’Alzheimer : Apports de la réalité virtuelle et de l’étude du sommeil". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1002.
Prospective memory refers to our ability to remember to execute delayed intentions at some predefined point in the future. Previous research on ageing has resulted in paradoxal findings, whereby older adults are often impaired in the laboratory but perform better than younger adults in naturalistic settings. In contrast, prospective memory has consistently been found to be impaired in Alzheimer’s disease. The main objective of this thesis was to better understand prospective memory by differentiating the age-related decline in healthy individuals and the impairment in Alzheimer’s patients. We compared young individuals to healthy older subjects and then healthy older subjects to Alzheimer’s patients on a prospective memory task in a virtual town. Our results showed an age-related decline restricted to situations for which controlled processes were devoted to the strategic search of the intention in memory. The impairment was more widespread in mild and moderate Alzheimer’s patients who were almost unable to recall an intention regardless of the characteristics of the task. In our last study, we explored the effect of sleep on prospective remembering through an original assessment for which young individuals had to recall intentions within a virtual repliqua of “Le musée du Mémorial” of Caen. In line with theories of memory consolidation, our results showed that the beneficial effect of sleep is mainly expressed when reflexive-associative processes underpinned by the hippocampus support the recall of intentions. Finally, an integrative view of our data allowed us to revisit prospective memory
Claveau, Sonia. "Traitement comportemental pour le trouble du sommeil lié à l'horaire de travail chez les travailleurs de nuit : une étude exploratoire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30863/30863.pdf.
Daszuta, Annie. "Deux souches consanguines de souris : un modèle d'analyse biochimique et comportementale - sérotonine et sommeil". Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX11015.
Deliens, Gaétane. "Consolidation ou résistance à l'interférence ?étude de la contribution des états de sommeil aux processus post-apprentissage de consolidation et de résistance à l'interférence lexicale et émotionnelle rétroactive". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209448.
In a second section of my doctoral thesis, we investigated the protective role of sleep against emotional interference. Previous studies have showed that a change of mood from learning to recall induced a retroactive emotional interference and consequently impaired recall capacities, whereas a similar mood at both encoding and recall sessions facilitated retrieval (a phenomenon named ‘Mood-state Dependent Memory’, MDM). In a first study, we showed that sleep reduces the MDM effect by unbinding memories (i.e. word pairs) from their emotional context (i.e. the emotional mood context). In this study, subjects learned a list of word pairs after a mood induction procedure, then slept or stayed awake during the postlearning night. After two recovery nights, subjects recall 50% word pairs after the same mood induction procedure and 50% in a different mood state. MDM effect was observed in the sleep-deprived condition whereas it has disappeared in the sleep condition. This study validated the “Sleep to Forget and Sleep to Remember” model (van der Helm & Walker, 2010) stating that sleep (especially REM sleep) facilitates the decoupling of declarative memories from their emotional context, hence reducing the MDM phenomena. However, in a second study comparing the effects of "early" and "late" sleep periods (dominated by SWS and REM sleep, respectively) on resistance to emotional interference, we failed to evidence a specific role of REM sleep in this emotional unbinding process. We surmise that the demodulation process is initiated during the first post-learning night (potentially during REM sleep) but may need several nights or several successions of NREM-REM cycles across a whole night to be achieved. A third study evidenced that MDM is not reduced after one night of sleep. These results do not allow us to confirm that emotional unbinding process needs several successions of NREM-REM cycles across a whole night to be achieved but rather need several nights.
To sum up, sleep seems to protect memories against both lexical (especially SWS), and emotional interference; the latter being achieved by unbinding memories from their emotional context.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Aït-Aoudia, Malik. "Les cauchemars et les troubles du sommeil dans le contexte d'un trouble stress post-traumatique : évaluation psychopathologique et psychophysiologique". Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080140.
Sleep disorders in general and nightmares in particular are often associated with psychopathological and physical disorders. They are among the largest and the most frequent complaints reported by patients with PTSD and their links with the severity are now more specified. The overall objectives of this thesis are to shed light on the clinical, psychopathological and psychophysiological aspects of nightmares in the specific context of PTSD, and also to clarify the therapeutic contributions of nightmares centered treatment through a case study. In order to achieve these objectives, a sample of 21 patients suffering from posttraumatic nightmares and hospitalized in a specialized psychotraumatology unit of care were assessed using self-administered questionnaires (IES-R, HAD, PSQI, PSQI-A, NDQ and DES), structured interviews (MINI and the CAPS) and psychophysiological recordings. In parallel, another patient coming from a specialized psychotraumatology center in Paris was carefully monitored in regards of his therapeutic evolution while receiving the Imagery Rehearsal Therapy program on an individual basis. The main results of this research show that the severity of PTSD is strongly and positively associated with the severity of post-traumatic nightmares and that the distress related to nightmares better explains the severity of PTSD that the frequency of nightmares does. The results also confirmed what has been reported in the scientific literature, namely the presence of significant comorbidities. However and in terms of psychophysiological assessments of sleep, no significant results were found in the analysis of polysomnographic recordings, and none of the studied parameters were correlated with the frequency and/or the distress related to nightmares. Finally, the case study was successfully used to evaluate the expected therapeutic benefits of a relatively new psychotherapeutic treatment focusing on nightmares and the results show a significant reduction in the severity of nightmares, accompanied by a reduction in the severity of PTSD and a proportional improvement in sleep quality. In conclusion, the results of this research are consistent with those found in previous studies and underscore the clinical and psychopathological importance nightmares and their involvement in the severity of PTSD
Tremblay, Valérie. "Facteurs spécifiques et non spécifiques prédisant l'effet de la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale de l'insomnie chronique comorbide au cancer du sein". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25628/25628.pdf.
Forget, Daniel. "Le rôle du complexe-K évoqué et spontané dans le sommeil chez des personnes souffrant d'insomnie et chez des bons dormeurs". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27649/27649.pdf.
Paradis-Guennou, Martine. "L'insomnie du nourrisson et du jeune enfant : étude des interactions dans la famille". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11110.
Armand, Fabio. "Paroles des Alpes et de l'Himalaya. Essai de psychologie intuitive sur une anthropologie des ontologies fantastiques dans deux imaginaires narratifs en milieu alpin. Entre Vallée d'Aoste et Népal". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL036/document.
Dedicated to spoken memories, this work explore experience-centered narrative heritage in faraway alpine environments: from French-speaking Alps to the Himalayan Nepal. Starting from the largest French collection of belief narratives by Charles Joisten, we focussed on Valdostan reports, and the same during several consecutive field investigations in Nepal, inside Bahun-Chhetri and Newar groups. Hence we strolled on the trails of fantastic ontologies, the ones that haunt the narrative imaginary of such distant alpine communities. On processing these documents, we developed a cross-cultural analysis in comparative neurocognitive anthropology, elaborating a framework that allowed to bridge field folkloristics and cognitive neuroscience. By taking into account the relationships between the neurocognitive systems of human brains as ontology engines, be they physical or imaginary ontologies, and their inspirations from the cultural environments, we were enabled to tell something about the cerebral sensorium, with its specific sources (a priori counterintuitive), from which the creation of such imaginary ontologies has drawn. For this purpose, we evaluated more explicitly our working hypotheses in the frame of the cross-cultural neurocognitive anthropological model BRAINCUBUS (since 2011 by Cathiard et al.). Notably we had the opportunity to benefit from the last significant improvements concerning psychological modalities of intuition within this framework.As an interface between folklore studies of the supernatural and the latest advances in the neurophysiology of sleep, this model has allowed us to build our research on imaginary ontologies (as landmarked long ago by international folkloristics), by considering that virtually all of which originated in the dissociated brain state called sleep paralysis. Starting from this 4th state of the brain, it was possible to identify the origin of different phenomenologies which spawn the anthropodiversity we meet for supernatural ontologies. Establishing that these so-called “phantom” bodies are clearly neurally real, our purpose was to achieve the unification of main phantom-bodies with physical bodies from their cortical mapping. We focussed mainly on the two main types of phantom-bodies generated by the two fundamental components of sleep paralysis: OBE (Out-of-Body Experience) and AP3S (Alien Sensed Presence from Self Shadowing). In the narrative documents we elicited the semantic matrix of paralysis and we became able to differentiate the cortical sources of the two universal narratives of the “soul leaving the body for visiting” and of “sleeper visited”, both generated in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), and lateralized respectively to the right (OBE) and to the left (AP3S).An examination of OBE journeys allowed us to highlight the nodal role played by a cross-culturally shared anxiety. This is an injonctive precaution: do not move the inanimate body of a person in sleep paralysis, to allow the animate body to re-enter. This physiological over-intuition – stored and shared in narrative motifs – became an anti-lethal sapiential care. Actually rolling face down a sleep paralyzed person is at high risk of suffocating to death because s/he can not recover control of voluntary breathing, since external intercostal muscles are paralyzed. This sleep paralysis phenomenology is widespread enough to fuel transmissibility of narratives grounded in neurally undeniable experiences of phantom bodies. When framing these explicanda in a neurocompatible format, we were able to unify narrative matrices, elaborated from universally experienced OBE or AP3S phantom bodies within BRAINCUBUS as a model capable of neural creativity for such fantastic ontologies. Formulated by human wisdom along more than 50,000 years at least, they will continue to haunt our imaginary and enrich the narrative heritage of Humanity
Savard, Marie-Hélène. "Bouffées de chaleur et cancer de sein: Facteurs de risque et relation avec les perturbations du sommeil". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26867/26867.pdf.
Dubois, Fanny. "L'hypersomnie à l'adolescence de la passivité à la symbolisation". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2106/document.
This research tries to explore and understand the adolescent hypersomnia, and in which psychological contexts it happens.We try to explain how the hypersomnia at the teenage age constitutes a shape to act and to symbolize the adolescent transformations, as well as the return of rough recorded real-life experiences in its psychosoma.In connection with the mechanism of passivation (the first one), this haven in the long and deep sleep could allow themselves to retreat from the external scene for the benefit of a physical scene needed for necessary somato-psychic maturation.Through hypersomnia symptomatology, the experience of lucid dream would allow the teenager to represent conflicts and unrepresentable events in the game’s area which establishes the raised awareness dreamlike space.Based on interdisciplinary epistemological elements, we suggest returning to the clinical characteristics, psychopathology and psychosomatic appropriate to this disorder of the sleep which penetrates the lives of young people. Through a variety of tools, it’s about exploring the psychosocial representations, the clinical practices and uses around the sleep, and identifying the main risk factors psychopathology at the teenager.From a descriptive and analytical study and from the analysis of clinical cases from the counselling of these teenagers, we shall try to analyze how the listening of this hypersomnia could participate in a relaunching of the adolescent’s psychic life
Nosjean, Anne. "Les etats de sommeil et la regulation cardiovasculaire : role physiologique des afferences serotoninergiques du noyau du faisceau solitaire". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066444.
Calvel, Laurent. "L’influence des effets directs, non circadiens de la lumière et de la phototransduction mélanopsinergique sur l’humeur, la veille et le sommeil". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ039/document.
Sleep regulations and mood disorders exert strong functional interactions, representing a major public health challenge. Light greatly influences physiology and behavior, including regulation of locomotion,sleep and mood. These non-visual effects are either, indirect through the phase shifting of circadian rhythms or direct. Our goal was to characterize the direct, non-circadian effects of light on behaviorand to assess the contribution of the different photoreceptors involved. To achieve this, melanopsin knockout mice were exposed to different luminance (<10 lux, 150 lux, 600 lux) without changing the phase of circadian rhythm. Our results indicate that light influences mood, locomotion and sleep, with< 10 lux leading to mood and sleep homeostasis alteration. These effects are primarily mediated by melanopsin-based phototransduction. If confirmed in humans, our observations will have applications for the clinical use of light as well as for societal lighting conditions
Bros, Julie. "Prédiction des facteurs psychosociaux de moindre observance et intervention psycho-éducative auprès des patients atteints du Syndrome d’Apnées Obstructives du Sommeil". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH015.
Context: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSA) is a chronic disease, the most effective treatment for which is Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy. However, some patients are in difficulty to become and/ or to stay adherent.Objective: Identify precisely these difficulties, in order to predict and prevent the risks of lower adherence to CPAP therapy.Methods: A first observational and longitudinal study was conducted on 204 patients, in order to establish profiles of their use and identify factors of lower adherence. During three interviews (before the treatment, one month and four months upon treatment), we collected a set of biopsychosocial data. We experimented in a second study, a psycho-educational intervention, as a support for patient adherence and quality of life. We did a randomized trial of 62 non-adherent patients, randomly divided into three groups: control group, placebo group and intervention group.Results: Four distinct profiles of adherence are identified: Regular Adherent Users (Profile A), Non-Regular Adherent Users (Profile B), Persistent Non-Adherent Users (Profile C) and Non-Persistant Users (Profile D). Subsequently, the biopsychosocial factors of each profile were identified in order to develop two detection questionnaires. The results of the interventional study underline that repeated information transfer, supported by written documents, and complemented by a holistic approach to patient health issues, are essential elements in supporting adherence.Conclusion: This research has led to the development of several tools for health professionals and provides recommendations for good practice in order to improve patient adherence in the context of OSA
Lancry, Alain. "Mémoire et vigilance : approche chronopsychologique différentielle". Lille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL30011.
In a first part, after having recalled the existence of biological and psychological rhythms connected with each other, the author develops the differential aspect concerning more particularly the psychological and behavioral manifestations which are typical of vigilance (typology morningness - eveningness). The methodolical technics of measure of vigilance are then exposed, discussed and one of them is improved. The second part deals with the fluctuations of mnesic efficiency both in short term and in long term, connected with the circadian modifications of vigilance. On one hand, it appears that vigilance and mnesic efficiency (especially in the short term) have a parallel process during the day if the material used to memo- rize is sophisticated enough. On the other hand, the evolutions of performance and vigilance depend on the typology of subjects. The ability for the subject to organize the information seems to clear out these fluctuations. This statement makes the author ask a question about the role of the operational activity of the subject in the emergence of performing variations during the day. This question is dealt in three ways : about the structural nature of information ; in a recognition task ; in the study of the mental load. Finally, in the last part, we deal with the role of keeping the nycthemeral rhythm sleep - activity : through the study of mnesic efficiency of school children whose sleep duration remains steady or not during a week at school and through the study of the effects of modifications of the sleeping times for morning and evening subjects
Beaulieu-Bonneau, Simon. "Somnolence, fatigue et fonctionnement attentionnel suite à un traumatisme craniocérébral". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29276/29276.pdf.
This doctoral dissertation focused on sleepiness, fatigue, sleep, and attention in the long term following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study aimed to document the presence and severity of sleepiness, fatigue and sleep problems. Another objective was to assess the attentional aspects of speed of information processing, selective attention, and sustained attention. The dissertation was also intended to explore the relationships between sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep, on one hand, and attentional functioning, on the other hand. Twenty-two adults who had sustained a moderate to severe TBI between 1 and 11 years prior to their enrolment in the study were compared to 22 control participants matched on age, sex, and education. The main outcome measures included nighttime and daytime polysomnographic recordings, three neuropsychological tests of attention, a driving simulator task, and subjective measures of sleepiness, fatigue, and sleep. Results of the first empirical paper indicated a significantly higher level of fatigue in TBI participants compared to controls, whereas groups did not differ on objective or subjective sleepiness measures. The impact of sleepiness on general productivity, the time spent in bed at night, and the frequency and duration of daytime napping were greater in the TBI group. Results of the second empirical paper revealed a poorer performance in TBI compared to control individuals on measures tapping speed of information processing and sustained attention derived from the neuropsychological tests and the driving simulator task, while groups did not differ on selective attention. Significant correlations were observed between poorer attentional performance and poorer sleep continuity or higher levels of sleepiness, mainly in the TBI group. No relationship was found between cognitive performance and subjective fatigue. This dissertation suggests that fatigue is a more prominent symptom than sleepiness when assessed several years after TBI. The use of compensatory strategies such as increasing sleep opportunities appears to be a common practice. Results add to the existing evidence that speed of information processing is still impaired several years after TBI and indicate that sustained attention may also be compromised. Attention seems to be associated with sleep continuity and daytime sleepiness, suggesting that patients, clinicians, and researchers alike should take notice of this interaction.
Tableau d'honneur de la FÉSP
Gilson, Medhi. "Contributions of sleep, auditory cueing and electrical brain stimulation to the consolidation of emotional memory". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/229400.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rusnac, Natalia. "Comparaison sociale dans le contexte du risque chez des participants sains et en privation chronique de sommeil : impact sur l'auto-évaluation, les affects et le comportement". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG044/document.
The main goal of this PhD research was to study the consequences of social comparison on implicit and explicit self-evaluation in terms of cautiousness, on affect and on risk-taking behavior. In a series of studies, participants were exposed to a comparison standard who displayed either cautious (high standard) or reckless (low standard) drinking behavior. Results show that participants confronted with the high standard implicitly perceive themselves as more reckless and experience higher levels of anxiety than participants exposed to the low standard. On the other hand, the comparison standard does not influence explicit self-evaluation and controlled behaviors. These results indicate that there might be a dissociation between automatic (implicit) and controlled (explicit) processes involved in social comparison. On an applied level, regarding alcohol prevention campaigns, our findings suggest that it could be more effective to show a cautious standard rather than a reckless one
Lorrain, Dominique. "Le développement de l'activité posturale du sommeil chez l'humain". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5710.
Hébert, Gilles. "L'activité interhémisphérique en sommeil paradoxal durant l'apprentissage intensif d'une langue seconde". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6920.
Caplette-Gingras, Aude. "Relation entre l'insomnie et le fonctionnement cognitif chez les femmes traitées pour un cancer du sein". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27974/27974.pdf.
Schmitz, Rémy. "Asymétries hémisphériques cérébrales dans la pseudonégligence, l'induction de faux souvenirs et l'apprentissage implicite: une approche cognitive et neuropsychologique". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209788.
Urbain, Charline. "Learning and memory consolidation processes in children and adults: a neurophysiological and neuropsychological investigation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209571.
neurophysiological and neuropsychological investigation.
Sleep is a complex and active state of the brain, associated with essential functional changes
[1]. Accumulated evidence in the adult population indicates that sleep participates in the
consolidation of declarative (i.e. memory for facts and episodes) and procedural (i.e. skills
and habits) memory, allowing novel information to be integrated for the long term in cerebral
networks [2]. Whether sleep supports memory consolidation in children likewise and to the
same extent than in adults remains disputed. In this framework, I have developed
experiments aimed at investigating sleep-dependent consolidation processes both in children
and adults, using behavioral and neurophysiological techniques (magneto-encephalography
[MEG]; electro-encephalography [EEG]; functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI]). To
sum up, researches conducted during my PhD thesis have contributed to start unraveling
neurophysiological mechanisms participating in sleep-dependent consolidation processes.
On the one hand, I report that despite a lack of detectable behavioral differences, posttraining
sleep plays a role in reshaping the cerebral networks subtending implicit motor
sequence learning in adults [3]. I also showed using a motor adaptation task [4] that sleep
contributes to the consolidation of procedural memory in children [5]. On the other hand, I
have evidenced neuromagnetic correlates of learning novel semantic representations in
children [6-7], and is currently finalizing the analysis of the effect of a post-training nap on the
consolidation of these representations. Finally, I showed in epileptic children that interictal
epileptic discharges (IED) during sleep impairs declarative memory consolidation processes
[8-9], and that this phenomenon is reversible upon pharmacological treatment suppressing
IED. Altogether, these findings advocate the need to explore further memory consolidation
and its neurophysiological basis in children, both healthy and suffering from various brain
pathologies [10].
[1] Urbain C. Peigneux, P. & Schmitz R. Sleep and the Brain. (to appear). In The Oxford Handbook of
Sleep and Sleep Disorders. C. M. Morin and C. A. Espie (Eds.). Oxford University Press, Oxford, NY.
[2] Peigneux P. Schmitz R. & Urbain C. Sleep and Forgetting. In Forgetting. S. Della Sala (Ed.).
Psychology Press, Hove, UK. 2010. (pp. 165-184).
[3] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Schmidt C. Cleeremans A. Van Bogaert P. Maquet P. and Peigneux P.
(submitted). Neuroanatomical Sleep-Dependent Processing in the Probabilistic Serial Reaction Time
Task.
[4] Huber, R. Ghilardi, M.F. Massimini, M. And Tononi, G. Local sleep and learning. Nature, 2004,
430, 78-84.
[5] Urbain C. Houyoux E. Albouy G. Peigneux P. (in preparation). Sleep-dependent consolidation of
procedural learning in children.
[6] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Op De Beeck M. Bourguignon M. Galer S. X. De Tiège, Van Bogaert P.
and Peigneux P. (in preparation). How learning new meanings about novel objects modulates cerebral
activity in children: A MEG Study.
[7] Urbain C. Schmitz R. Bourguignon M. Op De Beeck M. Galer S, De Tiège X. Van Bogaert P.
Peigneux P. (2011). Learning and Fast-Mapping Meanings to Novel Object in Children: A MEG Study.
17th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping [HBM], 26-30 June 2011, Québec
City, Canada
[8] Urbain C. et al. Is sleep-related consolidation impaired in focal idiopathic epilepsies of childhood?
A pilot study, Epilepsy and Behavior, 2011, 22(2), 380-384.
[9] Van Bogaert P. Urbain C. Galer S. Ligot N. Peigneux P. and De Tiège X. Impact of focal
interictal epileptiform discharges on behaviour and cognition in children. Neurophysiologie
Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 2012, 42(1–2), 53-58.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rodrigue, Sylvie. "Étude de l'influence de variables associées au stress sur le sommeil". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq26266.pdf.
Gosselin, Anik. "Effet de la privation de sommeil sur des fonctions cognitives peu complexes et sur leurs concomitants electrophysiologiques". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29294.
Fortier-Brochu, Émilie. "Insomnie et microstructure du sommeil : impact du traitement comportemental-cognitif". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/45705.
The aim of this paper is to examine the effect o f the cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) of insomnia on sleep microstracture. A group o f participants with chronic insomnia and a control group of normal sleepers are submitted to polysomnographic (PSG) assessment completed at the sleep laboratory. Participants with insomnia receive a 6-week TBC and return to the sleep laboratory for additional PSG recordings. The sleep microstructure is examined through powerspectral analysis o f the electroencephalogram (EEG) which is computed for stages 2, 3 and 4 ofthe first 4 sleep cycles. Results confirm the presence o f altered sleep microstructure inparticipants suffering from insomnia. These disruptions are evident from increased density fordelta, theta, alpha, sigma, beta and gamma bands during stage 2 and for delta, theta, alpha, sigma and beta bands during slow' wave sleep (SWS). Results suggest a global effect of CBT on themicrostructure o f SWS but this effect does not translate in specific changes within given rhythms. There are still discrepancies between participants with insomnia and normal sleepers atpost treatment but the differences no longer reach statistical significance. Improvements in sleep continuity parameters are strongly correlated with increased density in slow rhythms and moderately correlated with increased density in theta, alpha, sigma and beta rhythms. Results thus suggest that CBT could induce subtle changes in the SWS microstructure of insomnia sufferers and that such changes are associated with improved sleep continuity.
Laroche, Liny. "Relation entre l'insomnie chronique et le fonctionnement immunitaire". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/53135.
Ruppert, Elisabeth. "Influence non-circadienne de la lumière sur les comportements : identification des structures impliquées et application clinique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ102/document.
Light influences physiology and behavior through both types of non-image-forming effects: i) indirect, synchronizing the circadian master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), ii) direct effects, independent from the circadian process though mechanisms poorly understood. Our studies in mice demonstrate that the direct influence of light constitutes a key mechanism of regulation for sleep, alertness and mood and is as important as the circadian process. The direct effects of light are mainly mediated through melanopsin, a retinal photopigment that projects to the different structures of the brain such as the SCN and the VLPO. The SCN, beyond their role as circadian clock are also a relay system for the direct effects of light. Further, we validated Arvicanthis ansorgei as a diurnal model for the study of sleep regulatory mechanisms. This is an important step in the translational approach from animal research to applications in humans. Various data suggest that the direct effects of light interact with the dopaminergic system. In the last part of this thesis, we evaluated the indication of bright light therapy in dopaminergic pathologies (Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, mood disorders). These advances open up new perspectives for possible applications of light therapy and may help improving societal lightening conditions
Inocente, Janine. "Le stress professionnel et le burnout chez les chirurgiens-dentistes : rôle de certaines caractéristiques personnelles et contextuelles dans l'ajustement au stress professionnel : une étude longitudinale et comparative entre la France et le Brésil". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21731/document.
Introduction: The Dentistry is considered a stressful profession, being frequently associated with health problems, physical as much mental. The objective of this study is to elucidate the role of psychosomatic factors that affect French and Brazilian dentists.Method: Was made a longitudinal study in 322 dentists (161 French and 161 Brazilians), at a first turn, and 179 dentists at a second turn (when 94 was French and 85 was Brazilians). Measures related to certain socio demographic characteristics (psychosomatic and transactional) were administered for the dentists. The study’s criterions at the second turn were: burnout, depression, muscle-skeleton’s disturbances and sleep disturbances and copping strategies. We construct a specific stress scale for our sample. The factorial analysis resulted in only one factor. Through a perspective predictive, analysis of structural equations allowed to burnout and to depression to test a theoretical model across the observed data.Results: The score analysis obtained from burnout, depression, muscle-skeleton’s disturbances and sleep disturbance, allowed to identify, by cluster analysis, three dentists’ profiles: “with good health”; “with minor personal accomplishment”; “with health at risk”. The French and Brazilian dentist profiles were similar. The psychosomatic factors that influence the adhesion to a one of these profiles are different between the two groups (French and Brazilians). At France, above all, are the context variables and from stress processes (imbalance of effort and reward, specific stress of dentists and copping strategies) that are risk factors to the health. At Brazil, this is the dispositional variables (age, perfectionism and over commitment). We tested an integrator model which showed direct and indirect effects on criterions of our study, mediated by some transactional variables. The variables imbalance between effort and reward and copping, in the revaluation of the problem, has mediation’s effects between perfectionism and emotional exhaustion, between the solitude and emotional exhaustion, between the solitude and depression and between perfectionism and depression.Conclusions: These results showed the interest of application of the transactional model to the health of the surgeons dentists in two different cultures and suggests ways to a reflection about the applied perspectives, in terms of prevention as much as care
Introdução - A Odontologia é considerada uma profissão estressante, frequentemente associada a problemas de saúde tanto física quanto mental. O objetivo deste estudo é elucidar o papel dos fatores psicossociais em Cirurgiões-Dentistas franceses e brasileiros. Método - Realizou-se um estudo de corte longitudinal em dois tempos. No primeiro tempo com 322 dentistas, sendo 161 franceses e 161 brasileiros, e no segundo tempo com 94 franceses e 85 brasileiros, totalizando 179 dentistas. Medidas relacionadas a determinadas características sociodemográficas, psicossociais e transacionais foram administradas nos dentistas. Os critérios do estudo foram: burnout, depressão, distúrbios músculo-esqueléticos e do sono em T2 e estratégias de coping. Construiu-se uma escala de estresse específico para essa população, e a análise fatorial resultou em um fator. Por meio de uma perspectiva preditiva as análises de equações estruturais permitiram, tanto para o burnout quanto para a depressão, testar um modelo teórico a partir dos dados observados.Resultados - A análise dos escores obtidos do burnout e dos distúrbios músculo-esquelético e do sono permitiu identificar, pelas análises de cluster, três perfis de dentistas: com boa saúde, com menor realização pessoal e com saúde precária. Os perfis dos dentistas franceses e brasileiros são semelhantes, mas os fatores psicossociais que influenciam a adesão a um desses perfis são diferentes entre os dois países. Na França são, sobretudo, as variáveis de contexto e do processo de estresse: desequilíbrio esforço/ recompensa, estresse específico dos dentistas e estratégias de coping, que são fatores de risco para a saúde. No Brasil são as variáveis disposicionais, como idade, perfeccionismo e supercomprometimento. Testou-se um modelo integrador que mostra efeitos diretos e indiretos sobre os critérios deste estudo, mediados por certas variáveis transacionais. As variáveis desequilíbrio e esforço-recompensa e coping reavaliação do problema têm efeitos de mediação entre: perfeccionismo e exaustão emocional; solidão e exaustão emocional; solidão e depressão; e perfeccionismo e depressão. Conclusão – Os resultados mostram o interesse da aplicação do modelo transacional à saúde dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas em duas culturas diferentes, e sugerem caminhos para a reflexão em relação às perspectivas aplicadas tanto em termos de prevenção quanto de cuidados
St-Onge, Mélanie Anne. "Entêté: Traitement des cauchemars Le traitement cognitivo-comportemental des cauchemars chez les enfants et les caractéristiques de leur sommeil". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29037.
Rochon, Paul. "Rythme de la vigilance et de la cognition". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21782/document.
The topic of this thesis relates to the rhythm of vigilance and cognition. In the first part, we validate a subjective evaluation of sleep propensity by reference to MSLT (Multiple Sleep Latency Test). By factorial analysis, it is assumed that there are three main dimensional components of vigilance (ergic or behavioral, emotional, and cognitive). Then, the rhythms of these three dimensions are measured with the circadian variations of the core body temperature and during a modification of state of consciousness (hypnosis). There is a reliable self-evaluation of sleep propensity. The variation of core body temperature seems to be correlated with the rhythm of the ergic dimension and with the cognitive dimension of vigilance. During a modification of state of consciousness as hypnosis, behaviour dimension and emotional dimension of vigilance seem to change.In the second part, we focus on the process of cognition during different state of consciousness (sleep, wake, hypnosis). By using a Remember/Know memory test, we observe quality recall modification (verbal, imagery and emotional conditions) according to the states of consciousness of the subject. Moreover, we highlight that forgetfulness is not a deleted process of information, but depends on access to memory
Saint, Martin Magali. "Vieillissement cognitif réussi : système nerveux autonome, sommeil et interactions sociales". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20103/document.
The aim of this thesis was to examine cognitive performances of a large French cohort study of elderlies, i.e. the Saint Etienne PROOF-Siempre cohort, in order to assess among several factors which of them could play a prognostic role on a successful cognitive aging including physiological and psychosocial factors. In order to assess these key factors we developped several research axes frequently examining the long-term changes.The first axis of the research consider the overtime evolution of cognitive function in this population. We found that 70% of the 632 participants 67 yrs old at their inclusion in the study with or without sleep related breathing disorders had stable cognitive data 8-yr later. In this sample that we defined as having a successful cognitive aging, the predictive factor was the "high level of social activities" without any contribution of the demographic data, the hypoxemic load or classical vascular and metabolic factors.The second axis of the research we examined the influence of the autonomic nervous system activity of cognitive performances. In a sample of 916 older people, we found that a parameter reflecting the parasympathetic arm of the ANS, the baroreceptor sensitivity, affect when it was found altered the memory function without interference of other cardiovascular risk factor. These results were confirmed in a 8-yr assessment on 425 subjects of the previous sample in whom again a alteration of baroreceptor sensitity affect the long-term changes on memory function with contribution of the other examined factors. This would suggest that autonomic nervous system may also influence the memory changes with aging and assuring a more successful cognitive aging.The third axis of the research was to define how subjective cognitive and sleep complaints remain stable across time and whether subjective estimation of sleep quality may affect the changes on the subjective cognitive complaints. We found again a stability of the subjective cognitive complaint without any interference of sleep quality and aging itself, the quality of life and the presence of anxiety and depression being the most important factors. The four axis of the research examined the possible effect of the degree of social interaction developed along lifetime on the social cognition. We found in group of 100 elderly aged 78 yrs that quality of social interactions in the life-span was the key factor implicated in late social cognitive skills in the elderly without any effect of the executive function status nor the educational and intellectual level.In conclusion, we have demonstrated that in contrast to the most common recognized of a systematic loss of cognitive functions related to age healthy elderlies may have a successful cognitive aging. The "successful" cognitive aging is a multidimensional concept that should clearly identify if one wants to adopt effective strategies to maintain cognitive abilities with age. The different aspects examined in this thesis have highlighted the identification of four determinants of a "successful" cognitive aging: 1) the maintenance of social activities throughout the life; 2) the preservation of a sympathetic-parasympathetic balance of the autonomic nervous system; 3) the lack of sleep-disordered breathing; and 4) the stability of sleep and cognitive complaints generally reported in older population. The application of those strategies may help to prevent the cognitive decline in older populations
Rellecke, Julian [Verfasser], Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Sommer, Annekathrin [Akademischer Betreuer] Schacht y Gilles [Akademischer Betreuer] Pourtois. "Automaticity in affective face processing / Julian Rellecke. Gutachter: Werner Sommer ; Annekathrin Schacht ; Gilles Pourtois". Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028566905/34.
Bayer, Mareike [Verfasser], Werner Akademischer Betreuer] Sommer, Annekathrin [Akademischer Betreuer] Schacht y Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] [Krifka. "Emotion effects in visual language processing / Mareike Bayer. Gutachter: Werner Sommer ; Annekathrin Schacht ; Manfred Krifka". Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018451927/34.
Sommer, Verena R. [Verfasser]. "The Fidelity of Neural Representations Shapes Episodic Memory Across the Human Lifespan / Verena R. Sommer". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223453189/34.