Tesis sobre el tema "Sommeil – Effets de la lumière"
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Hou, Yanlong. "Non-visual mechanisms involved in sleep-wake regulation by light in mice and humans". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10377.
Texto completoSleep and wakefulness are two essential behavioral states in animals, with the alternation between them governed by the interaction of the circadian and homeostatic systems. The circadian system is primarily regulated by environmental cues, particularly light, while the homeostatic system depends on the duration of prior wakefulness, with longer wake periods leading to a greater demand for sleep. With technological advancements, incandescent, fluorescent, and LED lights have since become the primary sources of artificial light at night. The extension of illumination hours has brought wide convenience to our life, it has also led to negative effects. Within the context of the circadian clock, light effects on physiological functions are ubiquitous. Common circadian disruptions are social jet lag and shift work. In the short term, light exposure can acutely impair sleep, cognition, and mood, while long-term chronic effects include increased risks of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular issues, and cancer. Outside the circadian framework, light can have acute effects, such as sleep-inducing nocturnal rodents. In humans, it leads to increase body temperature, improve alertness, attention, and reaction times. However, artificial light does not disappear when we go to sleep. Lights from street lamps, building billboards, and electronic devices remain on throughout the night. Whether this type of low intensity light affects our physiology remains unclear and what mechanisms underlying those effects need to be elucidated. Using gene knockout mouse models and DREADD techniques, the involvement of histamine and orexin in sleep-wake regulation by light was investigated. Additionally, in a highly controlled laboratory environment, the potential effects of low-intensity light during sleep on human physiological functions were studied. In mice part, the HDC-/- and Orexin -/- mice both showed a reduced response to light pulses during the biological night compared to wild type mice. However, HDC-/- mice showed a more delayed response (25 vs 15 minutes after light on) and a greater reduction in amplitude, both in behavior and cortical activity, than Orexin-/- mice. In hM4Di-HDC-cre mice, their response to a single light pulse is similar to HDC-/- mice after an acute chemogenetic inhibition of histamine neurons by the DREADD ligand deschloroclozapine (0.3 mg/kg, per os), that light induce SWS significantly compared to administration of saline (induce SWS: 15 vs 6 minutes, p=0.0016). Those results indicate that waking neurotransmitters histamine and orexin are all involved in the sleep induction effects of light in nocturnal mice, and histamine is essential for eliciting an immediate and sustained response to light in mice. In the human study, low-intensity light during sleep affected sleep architecture, leading to increased sleep fragmentation, with a significant rise in wake after sleep onset under the 20 lux condition. Body temperature and glucose levels were also impacted, though in varying temporal patterns. Beyond its effects during the night, light exposure influenced morning light sensitivity and cognitive functions the following day.Thus, the low intensity light during the sleep period impact human physiological functions in partly
Calvel, Laurent. "L’influence des effets directs, non circadiens de la lumière et de la phototransduction mélanopsinergique sur l’humeur, la veille et le sommeil". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ039/document.
Texto completoSleep regulations and mood disorders exert strong functional interactions, representing a major public health challenge. Light greatly influences physiology and behavior, including regulation of locomotion,sleep and mood. These non-visual effects are either, indirect through the phase shifting of circadian rhythms or direct. Our goal was to characterize the direct, non-circadian effects of light on behaviorand to assess the contribution of the different photoreceptors involved. To achieve this, melanopsin knockout mice were exposed to different luminance (<10 lux, 150 lux, 600 lux) without changing the phase of circadian rhythm. Our results indicate that light influences mood, locomotion and sleep, with< 10 lux leading to mood and sleep homeostasis alteration. These effects are primarily mediated by melanopsin-based phototransduction. If confirmed in humans, our observations will have applications for the clinical use of light as well as for societal lighting conditions
Faradji-Prevautel, Hélène. "Etude des mécanismes responsables de la régulation des rythmes circadiens du sommeil ou de l'activité chez les souris mutantes de la souche ZRDCT-An". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO19010.
Texto completoLéger, Damien. "Effets de la privation de lumiere sur les rythmes veille-sommeil de sujets non voyants". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066283.
Texto completoRuppert, Elisabeth. "Influence non-circadienne de la lumière sur les comportements : identification des structures impliquées et application clinique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ102/document.
Texto completoLight influences physiology and behavior through both types of non-image-forming effects: i) indirect, synchronizing the circadian master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), ii) direct effects, independent from the circadian process though mechanisms poorly understood. Our studies in mice demonstrate that the direct influence of light constitutes a key mechanism of regulation for sleep, alertness and mood and is as important as the circadian process. The direct effects of light are mainly mediated through melanopsin, a retinal photopigment that projects to the different structures of the brain such as the SCN and the VLPO. The SCN, beyond their role as circadian clock are also a relay system for the direct effects of light. Further, we validated Arvicanthis ansorgei as a diurnal model for the study of sleep regulatory mechanisms. This is an important step in the translational approach from animal research to applications in humans. Various data suggest that the direct effects of light interact with the dopaminergic system. In the last part of this thesis, we evaluated the indication of bright light therapy in dopaminergic pathologies (Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, mood disorders). These advances open up new perspectives for possible applications of light therapy and may help improving societal lightening conditions
Fontaine, Charlotte. "Contrôle de l'horloge biologique par stimulus lumineux artificiel : application pour l'adaptation des opérateurs au travail de nuit". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25971.
Texto completoHubbard, Jeffrey. "The melanopsin-dependent direct non-circadian effects of light : a third principal mechanism for the regulation of sleep and wake". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ094/document.
Texto completoBetween 15-30% of the general population is affected by sleep disorders, representing a major public health challenge, and as such a need to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of sleep and waking. This has been previously described as a 2-process model; both a circadian and homeostatic process. Light exerts an effect on sleep and wake in two distinct ways: indirectly, through the resynchronization of the clock, and directly via mechanisms that remain poorly understood. This direct effect is primarily a result of interaction with specialized cells in the retina which are intrinsically photosensitive containing the photopigment melanopsin (Opn4) in addition to rods and cones, which to a lesser extent pass information through these cells. To understand the way in which these direct effects influence sleep and waking we characterized mice lacking Opn4, and a second group possessing a functionally disabled clock (Syn10cre/creBmal1fl/-), as well as a diurnal rodent, arvicanthis ansorgei. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the possible neural pathways to the hypothalamus transmitting the Opn4-mediated direct effects of light; (2) validate these effects in a diurnal rodent; (3) demonstrate a biological link between light, Opn4, and sleep homeostasis. This work has provided (1) strong evidence for a third regulatory mechanism of sleep and waking (direct effects of light) that is able to maintain a sleep wake rhythm in the absence of central clock (2) an inversion of this mechanism between nocturnal and diurnal species; (3) demonstration that Opn4 and light are strongly related to the modulation of homeostatic sleep process
François, Thierry. "Sommeil paradoxal, dépression et antidépresseurs : effets d'une administration chronique d'antidépresseurs tricycliques sur le sommeil paradoxal de patients déprimés". Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESAM067.
Texto completoFerber-Viart, Chantal. "Les apnées du sommeil : effets d'un inhibiteur des endorphines". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T273.
Texto completoDelannoy, Julien. "Émotions et sommeil : effets d’une induction émotionnelle diurne sur le sommeil et la réactivité émotionnelle au réveil". Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S005/document.
Texto completoSleep constitutes a major component of adaptation and survival in evolved organisms. In humans, sleep could have a role in the integration of daytime experiences, preparing by this way individuals for consecutive wake period. Due to the adaptive relevance of emotions, it has recently been proposed that pre-hypnic emotions could influence the sleep course, which could modulate emotional reactivity at awakening. However, the bi-directional link between emotion and sleep remains unclear, this being explained by the complexity of such link and by the difficulty of reconciling the diversity of methodological approaches. In this context, the aim of this thesis was twofold: first, determine the impact of induced daytime emotional states on sleep characteristics; second, assess the influence of these states on the emotional reactivity at the awakening.The experimental program led to the presentation of three types of emotional movies, negative, neutral or positive, in order to induce a diurnal emotional state, in French or Japanese participants. Two experiments were carried out: one tested the impact of the emotional movies on the individual emotional states; the other determined the influence of pre-hypnic induced emotional states on sleep parameters and responsiveness to emotional facial expressions, presented to the participant at the subsequent awakening.These experiments allowed to obtain several new results. Firstly, it was shown that emotional movies induced congruent emotional states during the pre-hypnic period. Secondly, these pre-hypnic emotional states influenced the distribution of sleep stages and associated autonomic activity during the consecutive night of sleep. Thirdly, we observed that the pre-hypnic emotional induction modulated the emotional reactivity after the sleep period, during the presentation of faces expressing emotions at different intensities. The interpretation of main results can lead to the speculation that the increase of time spent in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) stage, following the pre-hypnic emotional stimulations, can be a marker of central processes related to daytime emotional experiences. Based on this assumption, such processes could be a required mediator for emotional reactivity changes observed upon awakening.In conclusion, researches presented in this thesis, subtended by a new and standardized methodology of emotional induction, provide original information about the bi-directional links between diurnal emotions and sleep course. Subject to additional experimentations, this work brings new questions about the role of emotions, particularly positive ones, on sleep and subsequent emotional states. From a prospective point of view, reported data reinforces the idea that considers the sleep as an efficient lever to regulate emotions
Tchénio, Paul. "Transitoires cohérents en lumière incohérente : effets de champ fort". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112006.
Texto completoBeaulieu, Isabelle. "Les effets de la privation de sommeil dans l'orientation spatiale". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ53278.pdf.
Texto completoDAURAT, AGNES. "Privation de sommeil et niveaux d'eclairement : les effets sur la vigilance, les performances, l'humeur et le sommeil de recuperation". Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066110.
Texto completoMartin, Jeanne Sophie. "Relation entre le chronotype, le sommeil, la fatique et l'exposition à la lumière chez les jeunes adultes travailleurs aux études". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30045/30045.pdf.
Texto completoThe objective of this master thesis was to evaluate the relationship between chronotype, exposure to light, work-related fatigue and sleep problems in 97 young adults aged 19-21 years who combine their studies with participation in paid work. The research question is based on the fact that several students combine school and work and that many of them report cutting on sleep in order to complete their daily tasks and activities efficiently. Also, the transition to adulthood brings significant changes in sleep patterns and circadian rhythms. Although sleep needs reportedly remain unchanged throughout adolescence, the onset of puberty is characterized by a propensity to delay wake times and bed times. These changes are caused by biological and social processes and can lead to the build-up of a sleep debt and, consequently, sleepiness and fatigue. One may thus advance that an intensification of school and work activities for this population may increase this sleep debt and concomitant symptoms of sleep deprivation. In this study, the chronotype (or "circadian preference") is evaluated as a factor that can influence sleep problems of student workers. Several publications have highlighted that students who have evening chronotype (or having a later circadian preference) have more problems related to sleep and daytime functioning than other students. It is therefore relevant to assess chronotype in student workers for its potential protective or deleterious effect on sleep and fatigue. The level of environmental light exposure was also evaluated, since light is the most important exogenous synchronizer of the circadian system. In summary, the results of this study underline that young adults are likely to exhibit a significant sleep debt when they work while studying. Furthermore, the results indicate that student workers with an evening chronotype is associated with lower sleep quality, higher level of work-related chronic fatigue and distinct patterns of light exposure such as lower light exposure during the morning and the afternoon.
CHAMAILLARD, KARINE. "Etude statistique des effets de rugosite des grains de poussieres sur leurs proprietes optiques". Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0081.
Texto completoGirodias, Véronique. "Effets du gamma-hydroxybutyrate sur le cycle veille-sommeil chez le rat". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52154.pdf.
Texto completoVladis, Antoine. "Activités cognitives au cours du travail nocturne : leurs effets sur le sommeil". Paris 13, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA131016.
Texto completoThis study concerned four teams working fixed hours over a long period. Observations were made in a press agency at the joint request of the management and the works committee. The first aim of this study was to highlight the problems which different working hours posed in regard to the awake-asleep rhythm of journalists in the agency. The resulting difficulties were examined in terms of working hours and the person's age. The following were noted: -less sleep, -reduced quality of sleep (difficulty in getting to sleep, wakening during the night) and of wakefulness (drowsiness), -frequent consumption of sleeping pills and stimulants. Observations in terms of age indicated increased perturbations of the awake-asleep rhythm for a high percentage of older workers. The second aim of this study was to see if any relationship existed between the duration and the type of work done at a late stage of the nycthemeron and the awake-asleep rhythm perturbations. The results of the observations indicated that when a long and complex task is done at an advanced stage of the nycthemeron, the awake-asleep rhythm perturbations are more pronounced. We noted: -an increase in the latency of drowsiness in terms of the length of the treatment, -an increase in the latency of drowsiness in terms of the type of treatment, -less sleep. We noted that a long, complex task done late at night retarded drowsiness. Going to bed late a night was not compensated by sleeping equally late. As such, journalists who did a long, complex task sleep for a shorter period. Therefore, the type of night work has an observable influence on the asleep-awake rhythm
Bibene, Victor. "Effets de la vasopressine sur le cycle veille-sommeil chez le rat". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22007.
Texto completoBuzatelu, Oana-Ileana Louville Patrice. "Psychotraumatisme, troubles du sommeil et de l'éveil et effets sur le travail". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2009. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0512282.pdf.
Texto completoBach, Véronique. "Les modifications végétatives au cours du sommeil de l'homme soumis à des contraintes environnementales : application à l'étude de la thermorégulation du nouveau-né". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD544.
Texto completoPaisin, Thierry. "Effets non auditifs du bruit sur la santé". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11173.
Texto completoGauthier, Josiane. "Effets d’un programme d’entrainement physique chez l’enfant présentant des troubles respiratoires du sommeil". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10512.
Texto completoBerger, Mathieu. "Effets bénéfiques de l’activité physique dans le syndrome d’apnées-hypopnées obstructives du sommeil". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES009/document.
Texto completoThe main purpose of this thesis was to assess the benefit of regular physical activity on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A total of five studies were conducted during this thesis and will be presented during this manuscript. These studies took place in two different practice settings: a community setting within the French Federation of Physical Education and Voluntary Gymnastics (FFEPGV) and an in-hospital setting into the Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of the University Hospital of Saint-Etienne.Our main study, EXESAS, evaluated the benefit of a community physical activity program practiced within the FFEPGV (NeuroGyV™ program) in a randomized controlled trial including 96 patients aged from 40 to 80 years with moderate OSA. We demonstrated that nine months of NeuroGyV™ program, including three hours of physical activity per week, could "cure" (apnea-hypopnea index [IAH] <15 events/hour) 58% of patients in the exercise group while only 20% of patients in the control group who received dietary advice and physical activity recommendations were considered cured. At the end of the program, patients in the exercise group also improved their quality of life and reduced their sleepiness. Beyond the improvement of the AHI, we demonstrated an increase in the maximum oxygen consumption during exercise test, suggesting a cardiovascular risk reduction.The EXESAS study also investigated the effect of the NeuroGyV™ program on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity as measured by heart rate variability (HRV). We showed that ANS activity is preserved in OSA patients who benefited from the physical activity program. In contrast, patients in the control group had a greater hypoxemic load and decreased heart rate variability, suggesting that OSA and the associated cardiovascular risk worsened spontaneously in absence of regular physical activity.The screening of the EXESAS study led to an abstract on the choice of the most relevant OSA screening questionnaire in the general population. We showed that the STOP-BANG questionnaire had a better sensitivity than the Berlin and thus STOP-BANG questionnaire should be preferred in clinical screening even if its specificity remains low.Finally, our trial in cardiac rehabilitation confirmed the benefit of exercise training on OSA severity and on the rebalancing of ANS in coronary arterial disease (CAD) patients. Yet, preliminary results from the RICAOS study showed that inspiratory muscles training in CAD patients with moderate OSA do not provide additional benefits over a standard cardiac rehabilitation program.In conclusion, regular physical activity effectively reduces the severity of OSA in patients with or without a history of heart disease. The results of the five studies conducted during this thesis suggest that regular physical activity should be considered as a cornerstone in the prevention and management of mild and moderate forms.Future studies should be conducted to explore in more detail the underlying physiological mechanisms and determine which patients should better benefit from this therapeutic alternative as a matter of priority
WEIBEL, LAURENCE. "Effets de decalages du cycle veille-sommeil sur les rythmes biologiques chez l'homme". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13209.
Texto completoBellando, de Castro Louis. "Localisation de la lumière et effets coopératifs dans des nuages d'atomes froids". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00988897.
Texto completoMarie, Sullivan. "Effets d'une privation de sommeil sur les performances de conduite et les fonctions attentionnelles". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112324.
Texto completoAlteration of attentional capacities after sleep deprivation could be involved in a part of road accidents. This doctoral work thus proposes to evaluate, via 2 protocols, the effects of lack of sleep on attention and driving performances: (i) the effects of a total sleep deprivation on various components of attention were evaluated using paper and pencil tests, computerized tests and saccade paradigms. Alterations on functions of the intensity (vigilance) and selectivity (visuo-spatial attention and inhibition) aspects of attention were observed after sleep deprivation. These attentional dysfunctions would be explained mainly by arousal fluctuations induced by the sleep deprivation. The saccadic tasks were shown particularly sensitive to the lack of sleep; (ii) the effects of an interruption in sleep of 3 hours in the middle of the night on the driving performances and attentional functions of the selectivity aspect were evaluated respectively by a monotonous driving task on a simulator and saccadic paradigms. The capacities of the drivers to maintain the trajectory of their vehicle were shown deteriorated after one night of interrupted sleep. These declines of performances are also dependent on the arousal level of the subject. On the other hand, no adverse effect of the interruption of sleep was observed on the attentional capacities of the selectivity aspect. In conclusion, total and partial sleep deprivation have different effects on attentional capacities: total sleep deprivation affects some components of the intensity and selectivity aspects of attention; adverse effects of partial sleep deprivation are limited to tasks requiring intensity aspects of attention
Meney, Isabelle. "Les effets de la privation de sommeil sur la performance et ses rythmes circadiens". Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN1265.
Texto completoDelteil, Aymeric. "Exaltation multicorps du couplage lumière-matière". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793607.
Texto completoBLOIS, ROBERT. "Effets comparatifs du bretazenil, du funitrazepam, du flumazenil et de leurs combinaisons sur le sommeil de l'homme adulte jeune". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M166.
Texto completoShlesinger, Ilan. "Contrôle de l'émission spontanée de lumière par effets collectifs en présence d'un résonateur". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO006/document.
Texto completoSpontaneous emission of light is not an intrinsic property of an emitter. On the one hand, it depends on the electromagnetic environment. On the other hand, it depends on the presence of other emitters with whom it may interact and generate interferences. Up to date, very few studies address the question of multiple interacting emitters coupled to a resonator. The goal of this thesis is to combine both collective effects and nanoresonators to control the spontaneous emission and scattering of light emitters.First, we theoretically study an ideal system consisting of two emitters coupled to a resonator. The emitters are in close proximity, and the dipole-dipole interaction generates a superradiant state and a subradiant state. The system that we obtain behaves as an efficient, and tunable, single photon source and quantum memory. We then switch to the case of a plasmonic resonator with an antisymmetric mode, which allows to efficiently excite the subradiant state. We show that this results in an enhancement of the Purcell effect while maintaining a spectrally narrow state.In the second part of this thesis, we explore a system of a large number of emitters coupled to a surface plasmon travelling along a metal-air interface.The emitters are nanoplatelets, also called colloidal quantum wells. Strong coupling is obtained when a layer of nanoplatelets is deposited on top of the metal. The coupling of the nanoplatelets to the surface plasmon allows to obtain directional and polarized light emission
Sauvet, Fabien. "Effets de la privation aiguë de sommeil sur la régulation de la pression artérielle et le contrôle de la vasomotricité". Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587858/fr/.
Texto completoSleep deprivation is associated with an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity, blood pressure (BP) and pro-inflammatory status that may induce endothelial dysfunction, a key factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Mechanisms that link endothelial dysfunction to total sleep deprivation (TSD) are not actually known. The aim of our work was to assess the impact of TSD on vasomotricity and relationships with BP changes and immuno-inflammatory responses. In the first part, we observed, in healthy young men, that 40 hours TSD induce a decrease of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilatation and an increase in plasma levels of endothelial activation markers. This endothelial dysfunction appeared before the increase in BP and sympathetic activity and was associated with higher plasma levels of TNF-α, and TNF-α mRNA levels in white blood cells. In a second study, we showed that 29 hours TSD induce a decrease in digital skin temperature and vascular conductance during a cold water immersion test (30 min, 5°C bath) and during the subsequent passive rewarming. This decrease of local tolerance to cold, found without modification in BP and central temperature, was associated with an increase of plasma levels of endothelin-1. In the second part, we demonstrated that the decrease of endothelial- and current- induced vasodilation observed after 24 hours of awaking were independent of BP changes, in sympathectomised (reserpined) rats. We also observed a decrease of NO and prostacyclines (PGI2) pathways activity after TSD. These results were associated with an increase in plasma levels of TNF-α, and IL-6. In conclusion, our results suggest that TSD, in healthy subjects, is a sufficient stress to trigger an endothelial dysfunction and low grade inflammation, leading to a decrease in vascular reactivity. This phenomenon is initially independent on changes in BP and sympathetic activity and is the consequence of immuno-inflammatory responses
Kachaya, Mona. "Amas d'argent induit dans des films minces de chlorure d'argent par implantation ionique et illumination : formation et stabilité". Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10069.
Texto completoMarinesco, Stéphane. "Étude des effets du stress d'immobilisation sur le sommeil du rat et des régulations exercées par la corticostérone et la sérotonine". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T172.
Texto completoAbidi, Farouk. "Effets de la qualité de la lumière sur l'élaboration de l'architecture du rosier buisson". Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00871779.
Texto completoThe global shape of an ornamental plant is one of its major aesthetic criteria. It is controled by its architecture, particularly by bud bursting and shoot elongation. Environmental factors including light have a strong impact on both processes. The management of the lighting conditions during plant culture could help to produce plants with innovative shapes, using environmentally-friendly practices. However, there is a significant lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the regulation of plant development by light. In this thesis, we studied the effect of blue light on the architectural development of two varieties of rose bushes coupling morphological, histological and molecular approaches. Our results show that monochromatic blue light has a depressive effect on the photosynthetic assimilation of roses but induces in both cultivars, same meristem organogenetic activity, internodes growth and floral development than full spectrum light. On the contrary, the removal of blue raies from white light stimulates the elongation of the first order axis in one of the two studied cultivars. This stimulation results from the increase of leaf photosynthetic assimilation and internode cell elongation. This photo-control is exerted on the expression of genes involved in sugar metabolism and cell wall loosening. Our study of photoreceptor mutants in pea suggests that phytochrome B is the major photoreceptor involved in this response to blue light
Xu, Yong. "Étude des effets de la lumière sur les propriétés électriques d’une jonction tunnel magnétique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0256/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of the effects of light on a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ). A MTJ is made of a nanometer thick insulating layer sandwiched between the two magnetic layers. When an electric current is injected into such a structure, a voltage can be measured across the insulating layer. This voltage depends on the relative orientation of the magnetizations of the two magnetic layers. This is known as the tunnel magneto-resistance effect. We have shown in this thesis that voltage depending on the orientation of the magnetic layers can be measured when the junction is illuminated with light. By studying the influence of the substrate, the position of the light beam, the wave length of light and the response of the system to a laser pulse, we have been able to demonstrate the presence of photovoltaic and Seebeck effects. These results show that it is possible, thanks to the sunlight, to read the information from magnetic memory (MRAM) made of a MTJ
Rouabah, Mohamed Taha. "Effets de cohérence en diffusion multiple de la lumière et intrication des états cohérents". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4012/document.
Texto completoThis work is devoted on the one hand to the investigation of coherence effects in multiple scattering of light by an atomic cloud and on the other hand to the entanglement of a deformed coherent state. The interaction between light and a dilute disordered atomic cloud gives rise to collective coherent effects due to the interaction of the induced dipoles via the external field. The behavior of such coherent effects in multiple scattering regime is an important question for various physical systems. We present two theoretical models describing those coherence effects in different scattering regimes. The scattering order expansion treatment of light scattering allows us to highlight the role of the first and second scattering orders as well as the interference between the resulting scattered fields. In the multiple scattering regime we show that the radiation pressure force is not a good observable to probe cooperative effects. Furthermore, we discover a surprising phase coherence that hints that collective effects may survive in multiple scattering regime. That could be due to a synchronization between the induced atomic dipoles. In a second part, we study the effect of an algebra deformation on entangled coherent states. Such an approach allows to describe decoherence in perturbed entangled quantum systems. We construct a deformed coherent state and calculate their concurrence. We show that algebra deformation could have a non negligible impact on bipartite entangled coherent states if those later are not maximally entangled
Chehadi, Zeinab. "Nanostructures hybrides Au/Semi-conducteur : investigation des effets plasmoniques en catalyse sous lumière visible". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0016/document.
Texto completoThe excitation of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of Gold NanoParticles (GNPs) can give many physical effects such as near-field enhancement, heat generation and hot electron injection, which have been investigated in many chemical transformations. In that context, the plasmonic photocatalysis based on electron transfer from GNP to a semi-conductor has been proposed. However, few studies are focused on the influence of LSPR features and the respective contribution of its local effects (thermal and electronic) on the photocatalytic activity. These issues are addressed herein through 3 catalytic reactions. First, the efficient and selective oxidation of glycerol in the presence of supported GNPs is demonstrated under laser irradiation and without any external source of heat, thanks to the local heat generation and hot electron transfer. The respective contributions of these effects is further investigated in plasmonic photocatalysis by following the degradation of Bisphenol-A. Our results show that GNP plays a major role through hot electron transfer but also as a nano-source of heat that accelerates the reaction and leads to a fast and total elimination of this endocrine disruptor. Finally, an optical set-up is developed for studying the plasmonic photocatalysis at the nanoscale. For this, a hybrid system of GNPs coupled to a TiO2 nanofilm is realized by laser nanostructuring. Our investigations show that photocatalytic activity is correlated to the LSPR (size and shape of GNPs, hot spots). These results open the way for exploiting valuable and industrial reactions under solar light
Verlot, Pierre. "Etude des effets de pression de radiation et des limites quantiques du couplage optomécanique". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066343.
Texto completoBerthier, Alexandre. "Transport du saccharose chez le Ray-grass anglais (Lolium perenne L. ) : réponse à la défoliation et à l’intensité lumineuse : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2001.
Texto completoWe wanted to determine the nature of sucrose transport, isolate, characterize and localize one or more sucrose transporters (SUTs) and assess if these SUTs respond to defoliation or to a modulation of light intensity before and/or after defoliation in rye-grass. Sucrose transport is apoplastic. It depends on a multigenic family of SUTs that were identified for the first time in rye-grass (LpSUT1, LpSUT2). The functional characterization of LpSUT2, which possess a cytoplasmic inner loop, was also successfully realized for the first time in a Monocot species. LpSUT2 is inhibited by fructose, which is a remarkable result for a fructan-accumulating plant, thus suggesting that this SUT could be the perception site of a sugar signal. The expression and the localization of these SUTs, mainly in the mesophyll, suggest that they play a great role for the distribution of C resources within the regrowing plant. The LpSUT1transcript level increases in the few hours following defoliation and might be regulated by sucrose content. LpSUT1 could be implicated in the lateral sucrose transport associated to the storage and/or the mobilization of fructans. The LpSUT2 transcripts are not sensitive to defoliation, but they are surprisingly modulated by light intensity before and/or after defoliation, which could strikingly match their putative role of sugar sensors. Because neither LpSUT1 nor LpSUT2 are localized within phloem tissues, this suggest the existence of other SUTs. The present results allow to better understand regrowth mechanism within a perennial forage species accumulating fructans
Montmayeur, Alain. "Sommeil humain au Sahel chez des sujets mélanoïdes et caucasiens : effets de la saison et de l'activité physique". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T108.
Texto completoIbrahim, Tharwat. "Dendrologie et fonctionnement hydrique de jeunes plants forestiers en relation avec la lumière et la sécheresse édaphique". Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10094.
Texto completoThis work had as first objective the analysis of water relations of five forest species (Fagus sylvatica, Betula verrucosa, Quercus petraea, Quercus péd onculé et acer pseudoplatanus) in relation with the irradiance. We used a conductmetre (the hydraulic methods) to measure the loss of the conductivity PLC in the side-branches (2years) for these different species. Clear differences observed between species and treatments. This gradient is strongly correlated with irradiance that branches received during the growth. Vulnerability curves for the four studied species are presented figure. We noticed a higher vulnerability for birch. The shape of the curves for the other species were very close. In each case, seedlings grown under shade presented an higher vulnerability than full light. Differences were highly significant. Differences between Psi 50% for extreme treatments (full light and deep shade) could reach 1 MPa. Xylem anatomy presents for all the studied species a high dependence with irradiance. The Oak presented the largest vessels and the weakest vessel densities globally. The impact of the luminous climate was very clean, with a gradual reduction of the diameter and the density of vessels in weak light with a clean reduction of the diameter and the density of vessels in all species. . . .
Cusumano, Paola. "Control of rest-activity rhythms by the morning and the evening oscillators in Drosophila melanogaster". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112277.
Texto completoDrosophila melanogaster is crepuscular, showing most of its locomotor activity at dawn and dusk. These activity rhythms are controlled by a circadian clock that is located in the brain, and relies on about 70 clock neurons in each hemisphere. Two distinct oscillators control the bimodal activity profile in light-dark (LD) cycles: a subset of ventral Lateral Neurons (four s-LNvs, the LN-MO) that express the Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) neuropeptide control the morning anticipation, whereas a subset of three PDF-negative dorsal lateral neurons that express Cryptochrome (CRY) in addition to the 5th PDF-negative s-LNv, which constitute the LN-EO, is sufficient to generate evening anticipation. The brain clock perceives light through CRY and the visual system. We show that the LN-EO is able to drive behavioural rhythmicity under constant light conditions (LL), when CRY function is reduced, whereas the PDF-expressing cells do not. We thus conclude that light perceived by the visual system has opposite effects on the two oscillators: it activates the output of the LN-EO and inhibits the output of the PDF-positive LNs. We found that visual system-mediated entrainment of the LN-EO requires PDF to properly phase the evening activity, whereas CRY-mediated entrainment does not. Flies devoid of both CRY and PDF do not display any evening activity in LD conditions. Molecular analysis of the LN-EO indicated a reversed phase of PER cycling, suggesting that PDF interacts with the visual system inputs to set the molecular phase of the LN-EO. We conclude that flies thus integrate light and PDF information to better define their temporal niche
Paillard, Charles. "Effets photo-induits dans les multiferroïques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC055/document.
Texto completoThe need for clean and renewable energy, as well as constantly improved numerical performances have been two of the most important driving forces in research worldwide. In this light, multiferroic materials, which are materials presenting several ferroic order, have been widely investigated towards their application in electronics and computation, or as sensors. Recently, they have been also considered for their potential use to generate energy through the photovoltaic effect. However, power conversion have remained poor compared to existing technologies such as p-n junction silicon based solar cells, mainly because of their wide bandgap and low mobility of the carriers. Nevertheless, multiferroic materials often present a vast number of degrees of freedom, and their interaction with light cannot be reduced to the sole photovoltaic effect.In this work, we study from first-principles the interaction of light and strain in the multiferroic bismuth ferrite, and find that the so-called photostriction effect originates from a screening of the polarization at the unit cell scale, which results in a photo-induced strain via the action of the converse piezoelectric effect. A solid solution of lead nickel niobium and lead titanate, exhibiting large electromechanical properties at its morphotropic phase boundary, is then synthesized, and its optical and photoinduced properties are studied. Also, the influence of defects at domain walls in the model ferroelectric lead titanate is studied from ab-initio calculations, in order to understand why domain walls exhibit a large conductivity compared to the domains. It is found that defects are more likely to form at the domain wall, and provide it with extra-carriers. Eventually, the advances in a recently considered spin-orbit energy term, the Angular MagnetoElectric coupling (AME), are considered and applied to the Inverse Faraday Effect (IFE), that is the existence of a magnetic field induced by circularly polarized light
Briant, Tristan. "Caractérisation du couplage optomécanique entre la lumière et un miroir : bruit thermique et effets quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004972.
Texto completoNous avons mesuré le bruit thermique du miroir et suivi son évolution temporelle dans l'espace des phases. Nous avons refroidi le miroir en exerçant une force de friction froide et obtenu une compression du bruit thermique dans l'espace des phases.
Une étude spatiale des modes acoustiques internes a été réalisée pour différentes géométries du miroir, en balayant une force de pression de radiation sur la surface du miroir. Les résultats valident les modèles théoriques utilisés pour les interféromètres gravitationnels et permet de définir une géométrie favorable à la démonstration des effets quantiques du couplage optomécanique.
Nous présentons également une étude théorique des bruits thermiques et quantiques dans un nouveau type d'antenne gravitationnelle, constituée de deux sphères imbriquées.
Askenazi, Benjamin. "Du couplage ultra-fort lumière-matière : nouvelle Ingénierie de Métamatériaux Térahertz". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC127.
Texto completoSub-wavelength patterning of one or several materials can give rire to "metamaterials", with artificial electromagnetic properties. This work is focused on the design and realization of THz metamaterials, exploiting plasmonic cavity engineering and many-body effects in a dense electron gas. In the first part of this manuscript, many-body effects are investigated through the optical response of an electron gas in a semiconductor layer. The electron gas displays a cooperative response to an incident electromagnetic field : its absorption spectrum shows a unique sharp resonance, centred at an energy that depends on the electronic density and on the confinement. A model is presented that describes infrared absorption of thin doped semiconductor layers as well as intersubband absorption in a quantum well. When a highly doped semiconductor layer is inserted in a metallic microcavity, the so called "ultra-strong" coupling regime is achieved between the electronic many-body excitation and the cavity fundamental optical mode. Through an optimization of the cavity geometry, I demonstrate a record value of the relative coupling strength at room temperature. The ultra-strong coupling regime is then used for two different applications: a metamaterial with an artificial photonic reflectivity band and a cavity with an extremely high effective index. Those cavities are then used to realize an incandescent THz source, operating at room temperature
Massier, Sébastien. "Effets du traitement par la Lumière Pulsée sur la physiologie de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et d'Enterococcus faecalis". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES030.
Texto completoThis work is devoted to the study of the bacterial response of Pseudomonas and Enterococcus genus against Pulsed Light treatment (PL). First, the characterization of the PL decontamination unit has chosen a configuration for achieving uniform treatment and to know the physical characteristics. On the other hand, very rapid kinetics destructions of bacterial cultures are obtained in this configuration (reduction of 9 logarithm units a few seconds). In this study, we showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is usually more sensitive than Enterococcus faecalis with respect to the same intensity treatment. However and interestingly Pseudomonas aeruginosa is able to adapt to a lethal treatment LP when subjected to sublethal PL doses. While Enterococcus faecalis showed a mutation rate increased after treatment. These different mechanisms used by bacteria in order to cope with the deleterious PL effects were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in these responses
Obeid, Nada. "Régime juridique du divorce : causes et conséquences, réforme du droit libanais à la lumière du droit français". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G012.
Texto completoLebanon is known for its original and specific system relevant to its history and the Lebanese society is a pluralistic society made up of different communities, each having its own traditions, beliefs and organization. This pluralism permeates the various structures of the State, based on the balance of representation of communities. It also reflects on its legal system, which seeks to preserve the communities’ identities, mainly in matters of personal status where the traditional powers of the religious authorities are recognized by the State and ensured by civil effectiveness. However, religious pluralism and the prevalence of the religious in terms of civil status are considered "as an anachronism, as a brake retarding the growth of the State and the realization of the unity of the Nation". Thus, for the same cause and for the same reasons, the inhabitants of the same country, Lebanon, are judged differently, and sometimes in a contradictory manner as well, for the sole fact that they belong to such a religion and not to another. In marriage law, divorce, for the same reasons, may be legitimately granted to some and legitimately denied to others. Moreover, "based on truths often revealed, religious rights would be incapable of conveying the reforms that modern society calls for", in particular the liberalization of the right of divorce which explicitly retains only divorce-sanction and implicitly divorce-remedy due to illness only. The confrontation of the family rights of the divorce - Lebanese and French - will make it possible to highlight the differences which oppose them and the principles that underlie them and to see in what sense and to what extent a reform of the Lebanese law of the divorce is possible in the light of the French law of divorce, the civil law which has liberalized the conception of divorce
Bosquillon, de Jenlis Aymar. "Effets d'une exposition chronique aux ondes radiofréquences sur le système immunitaire et le sommeil, modèle de rat juvénile". Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0012/document.
Texto completoWith the development of wireless technologies, electromagnetic fields became an important environmental constraint. However, some people attribute symptoms to electromagnetic fields exposure. The results of experimental studies remain controversial due to contradictory results. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of a co-exposure between electromagnetic fields and noise. The hypothesis is that co-exposure led to an exacerbation of the electromagnetic fields effects. This work focused on different physiological functions in a juvenile population: sleep, immune system, food intake, respiratory parameters and behavior. The results showed a higher anxious behavior, a decrease of locomotor parameters and an increase in the weight of the animals, associated with variations in the food intake pattern. Sleep is slightly altered in animals exposed to electromagnetic fields. The immune system of animals exposed to electromagnetic fields exhibits alterations in the adaptive immune system by a redistribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in favor of cell activation and humoral immunity, but without variation of the innate immune system. The alteration of immune system was observed during the co-exposure with a different way than noise exposure. This work was the first study to show a variation of immune parameters in juveniles chronically exposed to electromagnetic fields
Giroux, Isabelle. "Les effets d'une thérapie par le rire sur le sommeil de personnes âgées souffrant d'insomnie psychophysiologique chronique". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Buscar texto completoNassur, Ali Mohamed. "Effets de l’exposition au bruit des avions sur la qualité du sommeil des riverains des aéroports français". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1295/document.
Texto completoBackground: Air traffic, in constant increase during the last decades, is not without impact on the environment and the population. Aircraft noise in particular represents a serious nuisance and a major issue for public health, particularly in terms of sleep disturbances. However, in France especially, the effects of aircraft noise exposure remain insufficiently evaluated. Objectives: The objective of this PhD is to better know and better quantify the effects of aircraft noise exposure on sleep quality in populations living near airports in France, while distinguishing subjective quality and objective quality. Methods: In order to meet the objectives of the PhD, we used the data collected in an epidemiological research program called DEBATS (Discussion on the Health Effects of Aircraft Noise). The main study, also called the “longitudinal study”, included 1,244 participants living near three French major airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Lyon-Saint-Exupéry and Toulouse-Blagnac. The subjective quality of sleep was assessed using a questionnaire administered by interviewers at the place of residence of the participants. Aircraft noise levels were estimated at each participant's home address using noise maps produced by the French Civil Aviation Authority. A complementary, also called the “sleep study” allowed us to estimate the objective sleep quality of 112 of the 1,244 participants in the longitudinal study. These 112 participants have worn a wrist actigraph for eight nights and an Actiheart (heart rate recorder) for one night. Acoustic measurements were made during these eight days and nights, both inside the participants’ bedrooms and outside (at the exterior façade) in order to characterize their aircraft noise exposure using not only energy indicators (LAeq, LA90) but also events indicators (number of events and maximum level of an noise event or LAmax). Results: The “longitudinaly study” analysis showed an association between aircraft noise exposure during the night (Lnight) and the subjective quality of sleep characterized by a risk of reporting to sleep less than 6 hours per night (OR=1.63 for 10 dB(A); 95% CI: 1.15–2.32) and a risk of feeling tired while awakening in the morning (OR=1.23 for 10 dB(A); 95% CI: 1.00– 1.54). We did not find any significant relationship with the other subjective parameters of sleep quality reported by the subjects themselves, such as time to fall asleep, nocturnal awakenings, sleep satisfaction, and sleep medication intake. We also showed an association between aircraft noise exposure and the objective parameters of sleep quality with an increase in time of sleep onset and duration of wake after sleep onset, and a reduction in sleep efficiency. Aircraft noise exposure also increased total sleep time and time in bed (this could be a matter of behavioral adaption to sleep deprivation). The energy indicators, but more still events indicators, were significantly associated with the objective parameters of sleep quality. For example, aircraft noise events detected inside the bedroom were associated with an increase in total duration of wake after sleep onset greater than 30 minutes (OR=1.10 for 10 events; 95% CI: 1.03-1.16). Finally, we observed a significant increase in amplitude of heart rate during a noise event associated with the passage of an aircraft and the maximum noise level of this event (LAmax). Conclusions: These results, mostly similar to those obtained in the majority of studies in the international literature, confirm that exposure to aircraft noise can decrease both subjective and objective quality of sleep. They also contribute to support the hypothesis that acoustic events indicators could, better than energy indicators more widely used, characterize the effects of aircraft noise on sleep