Tesis sobre el tema "Solvants organiques – Synthèse (chimie)"
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Sartori, Guillaume. "Catalyse dans l'eau appliquée à la synthèse de nucléosides ciblés". Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2071/document.
Many nucleosides analogues are reported in literature as antitumor, antibacterial or antiviral. Among them, the BVDU, is used as a drug against the herpes virus. In order to synthesize derivates of this compounds, we decided to develop new synthetic routes of 5-aryl-2'-deoxyrudine analogues. The synthesis of such compounds is widely described in literature using cross-coupling reaction with palladium but they often use organic solvents. A methodology to synthesize these analogues using the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, in water, has been developed. 5-aryluridine and 6-aryluridine derivates were also synthetized using a similar methodology. The relevance of the ligand, commonly used in organo-palladated reactions, was studied. In our hands, the target compounds were obtained in good yiels using a free ligand methodology. Micro-wave activation was also studied. It allowed the synthesis of the nucleosides in good yields within very short reaction times. In collaboration with an Indian laboratory, the synthesis of 5-allyluridine and 5-allyl-2'-deoxyuridine was studied
Moity, Laurianne. "Conception, modélisation et caractérisation de solvants agro-sourcés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10075.
Many of the traditional organic solvents (halogenated compounds, aromatics, glycols ethers) are banned or about to be, as a result of the recent awareness of the environmental and health risks associated with their use. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternatives with good ESH (Environment, Safety and Health) profiles, preferably coming from renewable feedstock: the so-called biosolvents. In this work, these alternative solvents have been listed, modeled, and compared to classical organic ones to give a purely predictive landscape obtained thanks to the COSMO-RS approach. This tool can be used to help in finding substitution solutions and also highlights the needs for new biosolvents. A Computer-Assisted Organic Synthesis program, named GRASS, has been developed to help in the rational design of biosolvents from a bio-based building block (glycerol, itaconic acid, isosorbide, etc.) through industrially-relevant chemical transformations. Then, all the virtual derivatives generated have been sorted out thanks to property prediction models in order to select the most relevant ones. Biosolvents coming from glycerol and isosorbide (ethers, esters, acetals) have been selected, synthesized and experimentally evaluated as solvents considering their physico-chemical properties (m.p., b.p., d, η, stabilities to hydrolysis and to oxidation), their capacities to solubilise two agrochemicals, and their hydrotropic properties. These experimental data have then been compared to various prediction models
Durand, Morgan. "Propriétés physico-chimiques, fonctionnelles et applicatives des éthers courts d’isosorbide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10196.
In the last past years, an increasing awareness of the hazards linked to the use of solvents has strengthened the regulation and forced to optimize their use. This evolution entailed an increasing interest for bio-solvents, i.e. solvents from renewable materials and with good health and environmental properties. In this context, isosorbide, a diol obtained by the double deshydratation of sorbitol, might be valuable synthon for the design of a wide range of molecules and polymers. The short isosorbide diethers (_ 5 carbones per alkyl chain), as they are biosourced and liquid at ambient temperature, are potentialy promising solvents, that is why they have been studied. The monomethyl isosorbides (-endo et -exo forms) have also been evaluated, as they are the main impurities of the commercial dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), the most promising compound of this solvents family. The physicochemical, functional and applicative properties that are necessary to the characterization and the use of new solvents have been assessed : the thermo-physical properties (vapor pressure, vaporization enthalpy), the optical and electrical properties (refractive index, dielectric constant, dipole moment), the functional properties (viscosity, partition coefficient, Kamlet et Taft solvatochromic parameters) have been measured. The environmental, health and safety profile of DMI has been determined and compared to common solvents, allowing the evaluation of its "greenness". As DMI is fully miscible with water, its physicochemical properties in aqueous solutions have been studied as well, and have enlightened a self-aggregation of DMI within a large concentration range.A solvent design process has then been developped in order to estimate the potential use of these new solvents. A novel approach for the classification of solvents has been proposed, based solely on the solvent molecular structure and relying on the "COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents" (COSMO-RS) in which solvents are considered in their liquid state. This approach has allowed the classification of 152 solvents into 10 classes without requiring the knowledge of any experimental data. The approach has been applied to DMI and allowed to find some potential applications that have been evaluated, among which the use of DMI as fluxing agent for bitumen composition, coalescing agent for water-borne paints, solvent for paint strippers, solvent for ink removal, or coupling agent for the formulation of liquid detergents
Bandres, Matthieu. "Synthèse de solvants et plastifiants d’origine naturelle selon une démarche d’éco-conception : application à la formulation de vernis à ongles". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7119/1/bandres.pdf.
Bandres, Matthieu. "Synthèse de solvants et plastifiants d’origine naturelle selon une démarche d’éco-conception : application à la formulation de vernis à ongles". Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPT009G.
New solvents (acetates, carbonates, isovalerates) and plasticizers (carbonates) have been developed according to an eco-design approach to meet both technical requirements and environmental regulations. Revewable raw materials such as glycerol or fusel oil, a co-product of bioethanol production, have been used to perform chemical transformations in order to get adequate physico-technical properties for nail polishes formulation. Efforts have been made to develop green processes, preferring specific catalyst use and external solvent-free reactions, leading to minimum waste. Both environmental and economical assessments have been carried out before launching a large scale production. Calculations perfomed from the simulation of a production plant supplied with these biosolvents showed a reduction of VOC esmissisons by 60 %. Economical studies have confirmed that environmentally friendly molecules may also be a competitive alternative to fossil ressources in the present context
Estager, Julien. "Méthodes d'activation non conventionnelles et solvants propres pour une chimie durable : synthèse et valorisation organique des liquides ioniques". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS048.
These last years, RTILs have become a very attractive alternative to conventional solvents. Because of their negligible vapor pressure, they are used as green solvents. In addition, their wide liquid range, tunable polarity or good solvating ability make them very interesting in organic synthesis. Finally, their non flammability and non explosive character make them good candidates to replace traditional molecular solvents in term of green chemistry. The objectives of this PhD thesis are the synthesis and the valuable use of these compounds by taking advantage of some of their remarkable properties with the use of non conventional activation methods such as microwave and / or ultrasound irradiation. The nature and properties of ionic liquids are described along the first chapter of this work and then the physical effects that lead to sonochemistry and chemistry effects under microwave irradiation are also discussed. The second chapter of this thesis described the advantage of non traditional activation methods for improving the synthesis of second generation ionic liquids. By using, ultrasonic irradiation, different families of nitrogen-bearing ionic liquids are obtained in a solvent-free or in aqueous medium, which gives a greener touch to the overall process. Aiming to overcome some limitations of this method, a new activation method using simultaneous ultrasound/microwave irradiation has been shown to lead to good yields in second generation ionic liquid in a kinetic of only few minutes. Then, the synthesis of benzion via benzoin condensation reaction has been studied with various ionic liquids as catalysts. Microwave activation and ultrasonic irradiation have been tested and good yields in benzoin have been observed whereas the recycling of the ionic catalyst was shown to be possible in specific conditions. Finally, different ionic liquids have been chosen to catalyse the electrophilic cyclisation of Pictet-Spengler, a classical synthetic method to reach bioactive molecules. Various acidic ionic compounds, including task specific ionic liquids have been tested and good conversion in tetrahydro-β-carbolines have been obtained with the most suited ionic catalyst
Derat, Etienne. "Etude théorique de la formation et de la réactivité de complexes organométalliques à base de zirconium". Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000025.pdf.
In this thesis, we initially start on the mechanism of formation of the species of the type Cl2Zr(alkene) starting from Cl2Zr(alkyl)2. We show, by calculations using DFT, that the mechanism is a concerted and associative b hydride abstraction. The hypothesis of g hydride abstraction is refuted, and also for the species of the Cp2Zr(alkyl)2 types. But whereas for these last, it was not necessary to utilize specifically a polar solvent (ether) or a phosphine to generate Cp2Zr(alkene), we show that in the case of the chlorine ligands, that is essential. This effect of specific solvent is explained by an energetic decomposition. We compare then the behavior of L2M(p bond) species where L is a chlorine, a cyclopentadienyl or a methoxy, M a zirconium, a titanium and where the p bond is constituted by an alkene family or a family of carbonyls. The relative stability of these various compounds is analyzed as well as complexation of one molecule of polar solvent. We study subsequently the insertion of a second molecule comprising a double bond on these molecules, which leads to metallacyclopentanes. We show in particular that the relative stability of these cycles can directly be connected to the stability of the metallacyclopropanes for the insertion of the same substrate. The last part is devoted to the reactivity study of Cl2ZrEt2 in the presence of various substrates (formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, dimethylfulvene) in polar and non-polar medium. We demonstrate thus, that in non-polar medium, Cl2ZrEt2 reacts with these unsaturated substrates by a concerted six-centers mechanism of hydrogen transfer
Paquin, Ludovic. "Etude de l'interaction micro-onde/matière appliquée à la synthèse sans solvant de nouveaux cyclohexènes et nitrocyclohexanols par réaction MIMIRC". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10043.
Appy, Lucie. "Nouvelles approches de synthèses de nucléotides et de leurs conjugués". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS047.
This thesis relates to the global problem of the synthesis of phosphorylated biomolecules, and in particular of nucleotides and their analogues (polyphosphorylated derivatives, liponucleotides, glyconucleotides…). Indeed, these derivatives, whether endogenous or synthetic, are widely used as biological tools. Some of these compounds also exhibit strong therapeutic potential, in particular in the field of antiviral or antitumor agents. The preparation of these polyphosphorylated derivatives however remains a technological challenge owing to the multiple tedious and expensive purification steps, often leading to modest to low yields.The primary objective of this work, lies in the development of new, efficient and/or eco-responsible synthetic methodologies of nucleotides derivatives. The first chapter of this manuscript corresponds to a non-exhaustive presentation of the methods described in the literature for the synthesis of various nucleotides, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks. The second chapter concerns the development of a supported synthesis methodology of nucleotides and nucleotide analogues in the adenosine series. Finally, the last chapter describes a second new and eco-responsible methodology using a solvent-free approach
Demangeat, Catherine. "Vers le contrôle de la chiralité axiale des (hétéro)biaryles en l’absence de métaux de transition via le couplage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0232.
The aim of this thesis work was to provide novel access to axially chiral heterobiaryls following a transition metal free atropoenantioselective synthetic route. This project combines the Csp2-Csp2 Aryne coupling methodology, and an enantioselective approach, the ICE concept (ionic chiral environment). This concept relies on the implementation of chiral ligands as metal (Li) stabilizers with organolithium coupling partners. The chiral environment resulting from the chiral aggregates obtained must induce chirality during the coupling step. The first part of this work aimed to develop an heterocyclic version of the Aryne route in achiral conditions. The results of this study revealed a clear correlation between the electronic nature of the heterocyclic partner and its reactivity in the Aryne coupling. Thiophene, especially, proved to furnish promising results and allowed us to further develop the method. Second part of this work aimed to develop the reaction in the appropriate solvent conditions so that chiral mixed metal aggregates could be envisioned. This study outlined the remarkable effect of external chelating ligands (polyethers, polyamines, aminoalkoxides,…) and salt additives (Li, Zn, K,…) on the aryne coupling reaction in apolar media. The best reaction conditions emerging from this work were then successfully applied to others heterocyclic coupling partners. In parallel, theoretical calculations using density functional theory showed good agreement with experimental work and allowed us to propose mechanistic scheme for the reaction. Last part of this work focused on the reaction of hindered heterocyclic coupling partners with thiophene and benzothiophene derivatives
Mangin, Floriane. "Synthèses de nouveaux tensioactifs éco-compatibles : étude de synthèses catalytiques et radicalaires en milieu micellaire". Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2224/document.
Based on concepts of sustainable development and green chemistry, one of the alternatives envisioned by chemists is to substitute organic solvents, which can be dangerous and toxic, for greener solvents. Water is the best candidate for this substitution because it is thesafest and cheapest solvent in our countries : this solvent is non-toxic, non-flammable and inexplosive. In order to overcome the low solubility of most of organic compounds in water, surfactants can be used to improve the reaction yields. Media thus obtained are difficult to recycle because they require high dilution in order to break aggregates and recover products. Therefore, using photo-switchable surfactants is a good alternative because they can organize/disorganize by light irradiation. Organic compounds could be recovered after reactions and the recyclability of the medium can be improved. For this purpose, we synthesized three surfactants having an azobenzene moiety (anionic,cationic, nonionic), to test them in micellar catalysis. Some of these surfactants, after determining their physicochemical properties (CMCs and UV-visible spectra) were studied in a pallado-catalyzed reaction, the allylic substitution of Tsuji-Trost. We have successfully demonstrated the value of using a photo-switchable surfactant compared to commercialones in terms of yields and recyclability. In other hand, Barton decarboxylation, described for the first time in 1983, permits the formation of alkanes from carboxylic acids, using tin derivatives as hydrogen donors. Since then, this reaction has always been used as a key step in total synthesis of natural compounds in organic solvents. In addition, historically, this reaction was carried out by conventional activation (heat or ultraviolet light). Therefore, we decided to study this radical decarboxylation in water, in the presence of surfactants and using unconventional activation modes : microwave and ultrasound. Moreover, instead of tin, we preferred the use of N-phenylmaleimide, already known and studied as a radical trap, to obtain maleimides substituted by carbon chains. Yields obtained in micellar media were found tobe at least as good as in organic solvents
Nun, Pierrick. "Micro-ondes et activation mécanique : applications en synthèse organique et peptidique". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20107.
Green or Sustainable chemistry has become a growing area in the last few years. The necessity to limit the impact of human activities on environment and health, to find new resources for reactants and solvents drives us to develop a new way to perform chemistry. For this purpose, we have chosen to work on the development of new methods allowing us to perform solvent-free reactions. Among all these methods, mechanical and microwaves activations were specifically studied. Using microwaves, we first developed solvent-free Petasis reactions, giving a large variety of tricycles in one step and with a basic aqueous wash as the only purification step. We also showed that the Suzuki coupling could be performed in 10 min at 110°C without any solid support such as alumina and using a new NHC-Pd catalyst, the PEPPSI. Using mechanical activation, the interest of this method for the synthesis of nitrones and hydrazones was proven, the compounds were obtained after condensation of an amine on a carbonyle. Hydrazones could also be N-alkylated in a second step in basic conditions. The applicability of mechanical activation to prepare di- and tri-peptides using activated aminoacids, Urethane N-carboxyanhydrides (UNCA), was also shown. Peptides were obtained after ball-milling a UNCA with an aminoester chlorhydrate in basic conditions. Finally, one of the first applications of a ball-mill in asymmetric synthesis was realized, in order to prepare aminoacids after alkylation of Schiff bases in presence of cinchonidinium salts
Fedotova, Alena. "Amines aromatiques stériquement encombrées dans la réaction d'aza-Michael : effets de solvant et haute pression". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR056/document.
Along this PhD work, we have reported that the unique combination of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), employed as solvent, and hyperbaric conditions (10-15 kbar) allows unprecedented 1,4-addition of poor nucleophiles such as aromatic amines onto sluggish (cumbersome) Michael acceptors without any promoter nor work-up. Moreover, The hetero-Michael addition of functionally substituted anilines to α,β-unsaturated esters is significantly defined by the difference of acidity between the solvent and the amine. Reaction with more basic anilines proceeds smoothly in methanol. In contrast, very polar protic solvent such as fluorinated alcohols (HFIP and TFE) favor the aza-Michael addition of more weak nucleophiles. Finally, green and catalyst-free method of new amino acid derivatives construction containing adamantane and aziridine fragments was developed. And it is proved that aza-Michael reaction initiates the formation of heterocycle
Ivol, Flavien. "Formulation d'électrolytes sécuritaires pour supercondensateurs". Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4020.
The main objective of this PhD thesis is to design and optimize an efficient and safe organic electrolyte for capacitive supercapacitor applications. The benchmark electrolyte currently used in these particular systems presents a significant safety drawback, due to its high flammability. To overcome this issue, several nitrile and dinitrile solvents have been used to formulate alternative electrolytes for supercapacitors. These solvents were initially identified based on their relatively high thermal stability and low volatility. Furthermore, it was also proposed to substitute the reference molten salt with commercially available aprotic ionic liquids, or ones synthetized in the laboratory. The substitution was found to enhance the salt miscibility and compatibility when combined with selected organic solvents, allowing for the formulation of highly concentrated electrolytes with improved electric double-layer storage process. In addition, the ionic liquid-based electrolytes have a larger liquidus temperature range than that of the benchmark molten salt. More importantly, this work presents a clear strategy led by a multi-parametric experimental approach supported by theoretical calculations to optimize the formulation of safer electrolytes for supercapacitors
Fraga-Dubreuil, Joan. "Nouveaux développements sur l'utilisation en synthèse organique des liquides ioniques et de la technologie micro-ondes pour la catalyse et la chimie combinatoire". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10062.
Jegat, Corinne. "Contribution à l'étude des associations et dissociations de l'acide benzoi͏̈que en milieux aqueux et hydrobenzéniques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30020.
Das, Saibal. "Synthèse de prostaglandines et nouvelles utilisations de liquides ioniques comme solvants". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S044.
This thesis is divided in 5 parts: - The first chapter is an extensive bibliographical study of the synthesis of Prostaglandins, performed during the last 13 years. - In the chapter II is reported the use of ionic liquids to perform a multicomponent reaction leading to the first total synthesis of the 12-epiCarboprost. In the chapter III an intramolecular radical cyclisation is used for the preparation of Carboprost and several other prostaglandins. In Chapter IV we demonstrate how the use of a lipase in the [C8mim][PF6] ionic liquid offers a very efficient solution to the problem of the resolution for the key intermediate of all previous synthesis. In chapter V, we demonstrate how the ionic liquids are very attractive alternative solvents for the mono- and gem-difluorination reactions using DAST as the fluorinating agent
Zhao, Yuxi. "Synthèse de donneurs d’électrons organiques : application en synthèse organique et chimie des polymères". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0156.
Organic electron donors (OEDs) with exceptionally negative redox potentials have attracted considerable attention in organic synthesis as powerful reducers. They enable the spontaneous transfer of one or two electrons to organic substrates, to form radical or anionic intermediates. Nevertheless, the structural diversity of OEDs is limited and their application scope quite narrow. In this thesis, we first developed novel libraries of OEDs in order to identify new families of organic reducers, broaden the range of redox potentials and access new reducing reactivities. Appropriate structural modulations on seven categories of iminium salts gave access to powerful OED with various reducing abilities. It also allowed to rationalize the factors governing single- or double-electron transfers according to the OED structures and the reaction conditions. A more thorough mechanistic investigation was conducted to formally confirm the active electron donor species at work.Finally, OEDs also appeared to be remarkable organic redox initiating systems for both free radical and anionic polymerization reactions. While the anionic propagation was promoted by direct reduction of the monomer, simple addition of a competing oxidant with a higher reduction potential allowed to switch to a clean free radical propagation process. Scope investigation exhibited excellent applicability of these self-initiating polymerization strategies, which enabled the preparation of a large array of (co-)polymers with high added values
Anies, Claude. "Synthèse de trans-décalines polyoxygénées : synthèse formelle de la forskoline". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0036.
Spanedda, Maria Vittoria. "Réactivité d'aldimines dans les alcools fluorés : cycloadditions et réaction de Mannich vinylogue". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA114825.
Hexafluoroisopropanol and trifluoroethanol are relatively acid, poor nucleophiles, and they show a high ionising power as well as a strong attitude to hydrogen bonding. This work is focused on the study of the reactivity of aldimines (Schiff bases and trifluoromethyl imines) in these solvents towards cycloadditions and vinylogous Mannich reactions. These reactions are efficient from Schiff bases without Lewis acids, while from fluorinated aldimines a catalyst is always required. However, in hexafluoroisopropanol with Lewis acids it is possible to perform a one pot reaction from p-methoxyaniline and fluoral ethyl hemiacetal, which was unsuccessful in classical organic solvents. We also investigated the reactivity of fluorinated aldimines in methylene chloride with Lewis acids
Raoul, Jean-Michel. "Nouveaux donneurs organiques en série DTDAF conjugué : synthèse et propriétés". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10005.
Aminou, Taofiki. "Contribution à l'étude cinétique de l'adsorption d'hétérocycles azotes (barbituriques) en milieu aqueux et aquo-organiques : effets de solvants organiques : quelques applications pharmacocinétiques". Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR4006.
Barbieri, Olivier. "Influence des paramètres de synthèse sur la morphologie d'aérogels organiques". Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0635.
Organic Resorcinol-Formaldehyde gels were obtained by polycondensation either in water using a basic catalyst (WB) or in acetone using a basic (AB) or acid catalyst (AA). By performing dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements throughout the gelation process, and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on the aged gels it has been shown that gelation of WB and AB gels involves a nucleation and growth mechanism of colloidal particles. These particles have a smooth surface in water solvent and have a fractal surface dimension in acetone solvent. Gels prepared with an acid catalyst consist of fractal percolation blobs. For the AA set, exchange of acetone by supercritical CO2 induces a deswelling of the polymer in a small scale range leading to the formation of small smooth particles. The mass percent of solid in the solution is the most influential parameter on the aerogel porosity. The structure of the WB gels remains unchanged after drying and the aerogel pores and particle sizes are controlled by the catalyst concentration in solution. After drying, the surface of AB gels particles is found to be smooth, probably as a consequence of deswelling of the external part of these particles during solvent exchange. The particle size is almost the same as the pore size measured by thermoporometry but the structure seems to be independent of the synthesis parameters. Pyrolysis has no effect on the general morphology of organic AA aerogels. The network undergoes slight shrinkage leading to a decrease of pore size. For the WB sample set, the particle size and polydispersity slightly decrease while the mesopore size increases. AB aerogels contract during pyrolysis, which appears as a large increase in mass per unit volume. Finally, all carbon aerogels display a significant microporosity that is partially accessible to the gas used in adsorption measurements
Turgis, Raphaël. "Synthèse en phase aqueuse : de l’utilisation du poly(éthylène glycol), à la synthèse d’un support de capacité de charge élevée". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112141.
Aqueous phase organic synthesis is an alternative to the widely developed processes using organic solvents. Although reactions can usually be done under mild conditions increasing yields and selectivity in water compared to the organic solvents, this media remains a marginal solvent in organic synthesis for two main reasons: the poor solubility of the organic compounds, which are often hydrophobic and the difficulty to recover the products at the end of reaction. To overcome these limitations, we have proposed the development of a supported chemistry in aqueous phase using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on which reactive molecules are temporarily fixed. This support has already been used with success for transformations in organic solvents or without solvent but rarely in water. Our approach allows an easy isolation of the product and recycling the support has been validated by our results concerning the Baylis – Hillman reaction. One limitation of the use of PEG as support is his low loading capacity. We have prepared new dendritic PEGs having 6 or 18 fixation sites. Their multistep synthesis has been realized in green solvents (aqueous phase or recyclable solvent). We have illustrated their utilization with the Baylis – Hillman reaction
Haddad, Ryma. "Synthèse frugale de catalyseurs hétérogènes par procédé éco-responsable de chimie sol-gel sans solvants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS643.pdf.
Industry needs to move towards a sustainable economy, by reducing resources and energy consumptions and reducing waste production. Catalysis, especially through the use of catalysts, plays a key role in this transition. It significantly improves the energy efficiency of specific chemical reactions and selectively targeting their products. As a result, demand for catalysts has increased considerably due to environmental and energy concerns. To remain competitive, it is essential to optimise catalyst performance, catalytic processes and material properties, while reducing the energy and financial costs of their manufacture. This thesis aims to develop eco-responsible approaches for the large-scale manufacture of heterogeneous catalysts using solvent-free sol-gel chemistry coupled with mechanical mixing processes such as reactive extrusion. This strategy makes it possible to obtain high-performance catalytic materials while reducing their environmental impact. We will present a fundamental study that led to the description of the mechanisms involved in the synthesis of boehmite extrudates using solvent-free sol-gel chemistry coupled with the reactive extrusion process. The influence of material ageing parameters on the mechanical properties of the extrudates (necessary for a real industrial application) was also explored. Experiments were successfully carried out to create catalysts based on ruthenium and nickel supported on aluminium oxyhydoxide and alumina. The study shows that this "frugal" approach is competitive in terms of catalytic efficiency and much more sustainable than traditional methods
Petta, Myriam Perrot. "Réactivité des organosilanes pentavalents et applications en synthèse organique". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20221.
Souaid, Eddy. "De la chimie prébiotique à l'élaboration de nanomatériaux : synthèse et caractérisation de poly-lysines dendrimère greffés". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20230.
When copolymerizing -aminoacids-NCA in water at pH 6. 5, the formation of hydrosoluble copolypeptides was observed. That proves that the concept described by the primary pump for peptide synthesis is valid. During the copolymerization, the competitive formation of hydrophobic peptides with narrow molar mass distribution was observed. These peptides can be easily separated from the reaction medium. In the second part of this work, we used this observation for synthesizing original nanomaterials with auto-controlled structures (namely the dendrigraft polylysines, DGPK). The auto-control of the structure and the reproducibility in the synthesis were ensured the hydrophobicity and the precipitation of the intermediate compounds obtained at each generation. The DGPK were characterized by different techniques such as MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography coupled to a double or a triple detection, NMR, and Taylor diffusion analysis. DGPK are highly branched materials with physico-chemical behaviour close to dendrimers of functionality 3 (exponential growth of the molar mass and linear variation of the hydrodynamic radius with the generation, maximum of intrinsic viscosity for the fourth generation)
Sambou, Sophie. "Chimie du glycérol pour la synthèse de dérivés du glycérol applicables comme solvants ou diluants réactifs". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. https://hal.science/tel-04595775.
Confronted with volatile organic compounds and solvents toxicity problems, particularly glycol ethers, we exploited the opportunity to develop glycerol derivatives synthesis. Two families of glycerol derivatives were chosen: glycerol ethers with short alkyl chain (C1-C3), which can be used as solvent, and glycerol acrylates and methacrylates, used as reactive thinners. The directed synthesis approach consisted in carrying out, under given operating conditions, the catalytic etherification of glycerol in order to obtain glycerol ethers in precise compositions. This new approach of synthesis chemistry allows the qualification of the components of the solutions to the European directives (COV, EINECS, REACH). Under given operating procedures, one obtains a mixture of glycerol ethers (α-mono and α,γ-diéther) whose results of the preliminary tests, carried out in the field of painting solvents, revealed excellent solvent properties. In addition, the esterification of glycerol with acrylic or methacrylic acids, in heterogeneous acid catalysis, makes it possible to reach the glycerol monoesters selectively. Homogeneous catalysis, as well as the transesterification of glycerol by corresponding methyl esters, leads to mixtures of mono and glycerol diesters
Sambou, Sophie. "Chimie du glycérol pour la synthèse de dérivés du glycérol applicables comme solvants ou diluants réactifs". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7082/1/sambou.pdf.
Chicart, Philippe. "Oligomères et polymères organosiliciés : synthèse et caractérisation de silacyclophanes et de polysilarylènes". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20238.
Fiset, Erika. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanostructures organiques covalentes stables". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25983/25983.pdf.
Rabemanatsoa, Amélie Marie. "Synthèse électrochimique d'alcools à partir d'halogènures organiques et de composés carbonyles". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066302.
Bauer, Siegfried. "Généralisation de l'approche phospha-wittig pour la synthèse de phosphaalcenes". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EPXX0017.
Maurin, Philippe. "Synthèse totale de gonatriènes fonctionnalisés en positions 2,3,11,13 et 17 : Philippe Maurin". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30097.
Condensation of 1,8-bis(trimeythylsilyl)octa-2,6-diene with succinic anhydride led to a spirolactone that can be alkylated by diversely substituted iodobenzocyclobutenes. Thermolysis of the resulting product gave 2 or 3, 11, 13 substituted steroi͏̈ds and bearing a 17vinyl group. Those steroids have been submitted to a variety of reactions such as a Wacker-type oxydation of the vinyl group or a Birch reduction of the A ring. We have thus synthetized 50 non-natural steroids bearing a methoxy, hydroxy or a fluoro group in position 2 or 3 ; an ester or a a methoxycarbonyl group at position 11 ; an hydroxyle or a methyle group in position 13, and a carbonyl, vinyl or acetyl group in position 17. The arynes' structure and the key cycloaddition reaction of the aryne on a ketene ketal have been studied on a theorical point of view
Félix, Caroline. "Synthèse et réactivité de composés trifluorométhyles". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10224.
Goncalves, Sylvie. "Cyclisation cationique 6-endo-Trig: Synthèse totale du Triptophénolide et synthèse formelle du Triptolide : développements de nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/GONCALVES_Sylvie_2010.pdf.
Most of this thesis work dealt with the development of a new total synthesis of triptophenolide as well as a formal synthesis of triptolide, two natural products exhibiting a wide range of biological properties. (-)-Triptolide possesses, in particular, a promising anti-tumoral activity in the fight against cancer. The synthesis developed was based on a cationic 6-endo-Trig cyclisation as the key step. Many initiators of cyclisation were synthesized followed by the study and the optimization of each cyclisation, which revealed a new diastereoselective cationic 6-endo-Trig cyclisation of an allylic 1,3-dithiolane with TMSOTf. The total synthesis was finally completed from the trans-decaline formed after cyclisation, and our total synthesis represents the most concise ever reported. The development of new synthetic methodologies was also an important part of this work. Many methods were discovered: the diastereoselective and chemoselective cyclisation of keto-epoxide to form cis-decalines, the diastereoselective cyclisation of allylic 1,3-dithiolanes to form trans-decalines, an efficient preparation of tetrahydrobenzofurans under the microwave irradiation of triketones, and finally, the one-pot C-acylation of cyclic 1,3-diones to prepare β-triketones mono- or disubstituted
Blanc, Alexandre. "Bases organiques fortes ancrées sur silices mésoporeuses. Applications en chimie organique fine". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20188.
Turcotte-Savard, Marc-Olivier. "Synthèse diastéréosélective de monofluoroalcènes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29675/29675.pdf.
This thesis focuses on the developpement of novel stereoselective methods to access diversely substituted monofluoroalkenes. The first chapter introduces the fluorine atom and its properties when found within organic molecules. Then, a summary of the existing synthetic methods found in the literature for the synthesis of di- and trisubstituted monofluoroalkenes is presented. The last section of the introduction is an overview of the previous work from the Paquin’s group in the field of tri- and tetrasubstituted monofluoroalkene synthesis. The second chapter presents the diastereoselective synthetic sequence leading to 1,1-diaryl-2-fluoroethenes. First, 1-bromo-1-aryl-2-fluoroethenes are generated by an addition of hydride/elimination sequence on α-trialkylsilyl-β,β-difluorostyrenes, followed by a bromination/desilicobromination sequence. The last step is a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with various aryl or heteroarylboronic acids, giving access to 1,1-diaryl-2-fluoroethenes. The third chapter describes the diastereoselective synthetic sequences leading to both (Z) and (E)-β-fluorostyrenes from a common intermediate: (Z)-1-aryle-2-fluoro-1-(trialkylsilyl)ethenes. The E isomers are obtained by stereospecific replacement of the silyl group in the presence of a fluoride source and water. The Z isomers are accessible by a bromination/desilicobromination sequence followed by the reduction of a vinylic C-Br bond. The fourth chapter describes a new synthetic sequence allowing the preparation of trialkylsilylated derivatives of 2,2-difluorostyrenes. This new synthetic route shows significant improvements over the original method, including broader reaction scope, ease of purification, and absence of undesirable side-products. To conclude, the fifth chapter summarizes the thesis and opens-up on synthetic perspectives.
Jouanin, Isabelle. "Synthèse et réactivité de diylures de diaminophosphonium". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20051.
Jolivet, Agnès. "Dérivés diacétyléniques du bore, du phosphore et de l'étain en chimie des matériaux : synthèse et comportement thermique". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20233.
Déprez, Benoît. "Bibliothèques combinatoires : préparations et utilisations en pharmacochimie et en immunologie". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10205.
Sokolowski, Guillaume. "Cyclisation de cétonitriles et formation d'alcanoisoquinolones dans l'acide polyphosphoriqueréactions de type Diels-Adler à demande électronique inverse de 3,4-dihydro-2-pyridones". Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10132.
Mahieux, Cédrick. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation stéréocontrôlées de silacycles substitues". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12753.
Polyhydroxylated chains having adjacent stereogenic centers exist in a large quantity of biologically active molecules. We envisaged the development of an approach which is convergent, rapid and stereoselective for the synthesis of these targets. This convergent pathway reposes on the usi of medium size silacycles (5 to 7 membered ring). Silicon acts as a linker, between 2 allylic moieties which are differently functionalises. These can be oxidized generating 2 new alcohol functions. During this work, we tried to generate steraoselectively chiral silacycles of different silacycle. Thus wo could per form : - Elaboration of these silacycles by synthesis of regio- and stereocontrolled allylsilanes, cyclisation was achieved by ring-closing metathesis. - Stereoselective functionalisation of the double bond by an electrophilic pathway which underlined unusual reactivity of these substrats. - Oxydation fo C-Si bonds in order to synthesise hydroxyles moieties. The convergent syntheses of silacycles having up to 4 adjacent stereogenic centers was rapidly performed (3 steps). The results allow us to unveil future applications of these silacycles in the synthesis of natural molecules
Quinze, Khadija. "Synthèse et réactivité d'aziridines substituées par un groupe trifluorométhyle". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19026.
Hinschberger, Jean. "Nouveaux macrocycles complexants photoluminescents et photoréactifs synthèse-radiocristallographie-photophysique". Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10540.
Darcy-Perraud, Anne. "Nouvelles utilisations du diylure de diméthyldiphénylphosphonium en synthèse organique". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20142.
Pessel, Freddy. "Synthèse éco-compatible de flavonoïdes fonctionnalisés par le glucose comme antioxydants potentiels". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00986261.
Schies, Catherine. "Etude de la réactivité de molécules sulfurées fonctionnalisées vis à vis de systèmes électrophiles et nucléophile". Metz, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1996/Schies.Catherine.SMZ9606.pdf.
Reactivity of sulfurated functionnalised compounds towards electrophile (Me3SiI, H+) or nucleophilic (NaI) systems has been developped in this study. In a first step, we have prepared : (poly)sulfurated alcohols, (poly)sulfurated halides, chloro-sulfoxides and sulfones, symmetrical polysulfides and polyfunctionalised heterocycles containing sulfur. Thus, we controlled the influence of different parameters on the reaction as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the identified products. Moreover, the reaction has been optimised in order to promote the synthesis of 1. 4-dithiane. This works have led new products and allowed to highlight a new synthetical method for the preparative of polysulfides
Raciulete, Monica. "Synthèse de matériaux nano structurés dans des solvants non aqueux". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809196.
Robin, Maxime. "Synthèse et études biologiques de tétracycles acridiniques et tétrahyro acridiniques". Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30071.
We have developed the synthesis of new acridine and tetrahydroacridine derivatives bearing a supplementary ring System like thiazole, oxazole, dioxole, dioxane, and benzimidazole. In this pathway we have synthesized new benzothiazole and benzoxazole intermediates. The restrictive stage of the synthesis, obtention of N-anthranilic acid, was increase using ultrasonic irradiation's. We have synthesized and determined nine new tetracycle acridine collection's and four tetracyle tetrahydroacridine skeleton. All these new compounds were or will be tested in different scopes. First results show that they have potent pharmacological properties. Some interesting results was shown as cellular dye. Important mutagenic values were determined and structure activity relationship were done