Tesis sobre el tema "Sols carbonatés"
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Metzger, Laure. "Comportement du rimsulfuron dans deux sols carbonatés". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10302.
Texto completoThe fate of rimsulfuron, a sulfonylurea herbicide, was studied in a rendzina and an alluvial soil, through (i) laboratory soil incubations and (fi) batch experiments to de termine the capacity and the dynamics of rimsulfuron adsorption. The application of rimsulfuron, at 4-5 times the recommended field doses, did not modify the soil microbial activity, measured by the soil respiration. The mineralization of rimsulfuron occured only in the presence of an active microflora and was very low: 2 and 0. 75 % of the applied radioactivity for the alluvial soil and the rendzina soil, respectively. The lower rimsulfuron mineralization observed in the rendzina could be explained by high amounts of organic matter that (i) constituted an alternative source of organic carbon for the microflora, and (ii) might increase the adsorption of rimsulfuron residues, thus reducing their availability for mineralization processes. Lndeed, adsorption studies showed not only that the specific surface area influenced the rimsulfuron adsorption, but also that higher clay contents seemed to enhance the adsorption dynamics and that organic matter seemed to increase the adsorption capacity. Besides, non extractable residues (NER) of rimsulfuron were more concentrated in the grain-size fractions having the higher organic matter contents and a non negligible proportion of these NER has been co-extracted with alcalino-soluble organic compounds. However, 65 to 80 % of rimsulfuron residues were still extractable, even after 3 to 7 months. This potential mobility of rimsulfuron residues was confirmed by the Kd values obtained from the adsorption experiments, ranging from 0. 12 to 1. 7. Thus rimsulfuron residues can accumulate in soil and be available for migration or for absorption by plants. The processes influencing the behavior of rimsulfuron in soil are similar to those affecting the evolution of natural organic matter but the relative importance of these processes and their kinetics are different
Achour, Yosra. "Etude de la mobilité des métaux (Pb, Zn, Cd) et des métalloïdes (As, Sb) dans les sols carbonatés contaminés par les rejets miniers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2022. https://theses.univ-orleans.fr/prive/accesESR/2022ORLE1041_va.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis provides answers on the ecodynamics and phytoavailability of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soils heavily contaminated by mining waste developed on a carbonated bedrock of northern Tunisia (Jebel Ressas (JRS), Jebel Hallouf (JH1) and Sidi Bouaoune (SB) in a semi-arid climate.The main contaminants in question are Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb which can respectively reach 185037 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 28,000 mg.kg-1 at (JH1), 1021 mg.kg-1 at JRS, 1,355 mg.kg-1 and 338 mg.kg-1 at (JH1).These soils are essentially made up of clays (kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite), carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and hydrozincite), silicates (quartz and hemimorphite), and sulfates (barite and anglesite).The rhizospheric effect on the mobility of PTE has been investigated using kinetic test with a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids. The results showed an increase in the pH of the solution (initial pH 2.8) up to near neutrality, leading to the dissolution of carbonates. Our results suggest that the most extractable elements are Cd and Zn and to a lesser extent Pb. an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively, was observed. for metalloids (As and Sb) their extractibility was relatively low with the exception of the soils of Jebel Hallouf and Sidi Bouaouane, with an extraction percentage not exceeding 1% for Sb and 0.1% for As, respectively.For the determination of the forms of the PTE in soils, two methods of sequential extractions were applied (BCR and Maiz). Jointly, the total dissolved concentration in pore waters, the labile fraction (DGT probes) and the absorption by plants (barley and peas) were measured in order to study the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of two sites post-mining (Jebel Hallouf - Sidi Bouaouane and Jebel Ressas).Our résultats showed that the PTE in the mobile and mobilisable fraction(Maiz scheme) of the soils are low compared to their total concentrations. The BCR scheme revealed that most of the PTE are bound to the residual fraction with the exception of Zn at JRS which is much more concentrated in the exchangeable fraction. An exception was also observed for Pb in JH(1) and JH(2) soils where it was distributed evenly in the exchangeable, oxidizable and residual fractions, the percentage of which varies between 23 % and 32 %.The response of plants to these contaminants shows that peas and barley have accumulated TPE levels exceeding the levels absorbed by plants in control soils.Total dissolved concentrations soil power water as well as concentrations measured by DGT are not correlated with primary plant leaf content. This result is explained by the fact that the concentrations of PTE accumulated in the plants are higher than those available in the power waters and that the replenishment of the solid phase is practically negligible.The risk of transfer of PTE to water was studied by percolation in saturated conditions in soil columns reproducing the surface profile. A progressive decrease in the redox potential related to the concentration of organic carbon in the soil induced an increase in the mobility of arsenic probably related to the microbial reduction of iron oxides
Santerre, Yannick. "Influence de la diagenèse précoce et de la dynamique sédimentaire sur la distribution des propriétés pétrophysiques dans les réservoirs carbonatés". Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11042.
Texto completoDeville, de Periere Matthieu. "Origine sédimento-diagénétique de réservoirs carbonatés microporeux : exemple de la formation Mishrif (Cénomanien) du Moyen-Orient". Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS107/document.
Texto completoMicroporosity may account for as much as 95% of the total porosity of hydrocarbon and water reservoirs in Cretaceous limestones of the Arabian Gulf. In these microporous facies porosity is moderate to excellent (up to 35%) while permeability is poor to moderate (up to 190mD). Conversely, microporous facies may form dense inter-reservoir or cap rock layers with very low porosity and permeability values (2–8% and 0.01–2mD, respectively). For this study, samples were mainly collected from the Cenomanian Mishrif Formation, but also from the Berriasian-Valanginian Habshan Formation, so as to examine the wide vertical and lateral discrepancies in their petrophysical parameters. Scanning Electron Microscopy was used to investigate two potential controls of reservoir properties: (1) micrite particle morphology (shape and inter-crystal contacts); and (2) micrite crystallometry, defined as the median size of micrite particles measured on SEM photomicrographs. The morphometric data are compared with three petrophysical parameters (porosity, permeability and pore threshold radius distribution). Results reveal that micrite matrixes can be subdivided into three petrophysical classes each with its own distinctive crystallometry, morphology and reservoir properties. Class C (strictly microporous limestones with coarse punctic-to-partially coalescent micrites) is made up of coarse (>2µm) polyhedral to rounded micritic crystals, it has good to excellent porosity (8–28%), poor to moderate permeability (0.2–190mD) and a mean pore threshold radius of more than 0.5µm. The class C is usually observed in rudist-rich bioclastic shoal facies where several sedimentary factors (hydrodynamism, bioproduction …) would disfavour deposition of the finer micritic crystals. Diagenetic study shows that the development of coarse micrites (Class C) must also be explained by the early dissolution of fine aragonite and high magnesium calcite particles in oxygenated meteoric fluids leading to a simultaneous in-situ overgrowth on LMC particles at the top of the meteoric phreatic lens. These processes induce an increase of the crystallometry of micritic particles, an early lithification of the carbonate mud, and so the mineralogical stabilization of coarse Class C micrites. Class F (strictly microporous limestones with fine punctic-to-partially coalescent micrites) is composed of fine (<2µm) polyhedral to rounded micrites with poor to excellent porosity (3–35%), but permeability values of less than 10mD and a mean pore threshold radius of less than 0.5µm. It is mostly observed in sediments deposited in a low energy muddy inner platform setting. The formation of fine micrites (Class F) is also explained by an early mineralogical stabilization of micritic particles in confined meteoric waters, favoring neomorphism processes, which may proceeds during burial. Later, during burial, reservoir properties of classes C and D strictly microporous samples where locally enhanced by mesogenetic dissolution (probably due to organic acids) affecting the microporous matrix during the oil emplacement. Class D (strictly microporous mud-dominated facies with compact anhedral to fused dense micrites) comprises subhedral to anhedral crystals with sutured to fused contacts forming a dense matrix. It has very low porosity and permeability. Class D is only found in low energy muddy inner platform facies and forms inter-reservoir or caps rock layers usually in association with stylolites and clay contents that exceed 10%. Regardless of how they formed, though, the three classes can be usefully incorporated into future rock-typing of the microporous carbonate reservoirs of the Middle East
Hanich, Lahoucine. "Les traçages d'essai en aquifère hétérogène : méthodes, intérêt et limites : application au milieu alluvionnaire languedocien et comparaison avec les milieux carbonatés et fissurés du nord de la france". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10157.
Texto completoBruna, Pierre-olivier. "Evolution des propriétés réservoir des carbonates peu poreux : exemple des calcaires du Crétacé Inférieur de la Moyenne Durance". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4745.
Texto completoHemipelagic limestones from the South-East of France are characterized by low values of porosity and permeability that allow considering these rocks as potential analogs to unconventional oil and gas reservoirs or fissured aquifers. These reservoirs are of primary importance in today’s economical context where the energy and the water’s demands grow with the increase in the world population. Nevertheless, the industrial exploitation of such reservoirs faces series of environmental risks and technical challenges that require to be managed in order to reduce their footprint on the environment.This work brought a significant amount of new data on unconventional carbonate reservoirs. It highlights how important compaction features (stylolites, microstylolites, solution seams) may be to fluids storage in such reservoirs. It shows that the diagenetic evolution of hemipelagic carbonate sediments depends on both early processes (sorting, early cementation, differential compaction) and eventual late reactivations (under tectonic stress inversion for example). Coupling three-dimensional modeling with geostatistics appear as an accurate and fast protocol to identify key elements (facies, fractures and stylolite) that play a role in the petrophysical heterogeneity of such unconventional reservoirs. This method also allows identifying equiprobable models of fractures geobodies and investigating the distribution of flow preferential pathways
El, Mansour Nadia. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de la carbonatation minérale des résidus miniers ultramafiques de la région de Thetford Mines, Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33851.
Texto completoNourtier-Mazauric, Elise. "Modélisation géochimique et numérique des interactions entre des solutions solides et une solution aqueuse. Extension du logiciel de réaction-transport Archimède et application à la diagénèse minérale des réservoirs". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00088991.
Texto completoCe modèle a été intégré au logiciel de transport réactif en milieu poreux ARCHIMEDE, puis appliqué à divers exemples. Dans le cas de solutions solides binaires, une méthode graphique a permis de déterminer les compositions des solutions solides qui précipitent, à l'aide des potentiels chimiques des pôles.
Le logiciel ainsi obtenu pourrait être utilisé pour modéliser notamment la diagenèse des réservoirs pétroliers argileux ou carbonatés, ou la dispersion de polluants dans le sol.
Junior, Jairo Calderari de Oliveira. "Processos pedogenéticos atuais e pretéritos em solos alcalino-sódicos do Pantanal Norte". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-15042015-153823/.
Texto completoSodic soils are commonly associated to semi-arid climates, closed drainage systems (endorheic) and evaporative environments. In Brazilian Pantanal, knowns as the largest continental flooded area in the earth, sodic soils have significant expression in terms of area and environmental functionality, the specificity on plants development and soil intentional consumption (geophagy) by several animals, also playing as a refuge along the flooding events. These soils are located in the higher ground of the landscape (paleodiques), different from common situation. Pedogenic processes on north Pantanal sodic soils were studied in the Private Natural Heritage Reserve (PRNP) SESC Pantanal, in Barão do Melgaço-MT, performed on \"paleodiques\" from five sectors at different dissection stages. Pedogenic process was studied by means of morphologic descriptions was done in various scales, 14C dating on carbonate precipitates and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) in sediments, geochemical and mineralogical modeling, spatial analysis of chemical and physical properties of the soil, apparent soil electrical conductivity performed by sensor electromagnetic (EM-38) and multivariate statistics. Soil profile from more conserved sectors shows typical features of lentic sedimentation environment, calcium carbonate layer and diatoms occurrence, suggesting that the formation of these features occurred by water concentration. Current condition is the opposite from earlier, wherein the flood plains remained isolated, with limited lateral and vertical drainage promoting water loss by evaporation and therefore concentrating the ions in solution. Simulation of the evaporation of water from São Lourenço and Cuiabá rivers points out similar results, suggesting that water evaporation from both could result in calcite precipitation and Na+ saturation in exchange complex. However, the features observed in both, field morphology and thin sections suggested that sodic soils are currently in degradation. The argilluviation is very intense and stands out as the main transformation process of these soils, occurring from the most preserved even in the most advanced dissection stage of. The ferrolysis is evident in the most advanced stage processing at E and Bt transition, where it establishes a cavity porosity depletion by both mechanical and chemical. Carbonates associated with channels, old pores and channels, without a cortex, suggests the current conditions do not favor sodic soil formation. Mineralogical analyzes indicates smectite presence in the paleodique of the most preserved sector, while present conditions promotes a smectite-kaolinite interestratification. Current hydrology promotes the gradual erosion of paleodiques that previously isolated the lakes from each other, becoming a slight open drainage system. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified the redox process as major process in the study area and, along the flood events, are primarily responsible for soil transformations. Pathway of sodic soil transformation in the RPPN SESC Pantanal paleodiques was Typic Natrudalf-Glossic Natraqualf. The latter are very susceptible to erosion process, promoted by flooding and tend to disappear, narrowing the paleodique progressively. Erosion process results in smalls and circulars elevations, named mounds, with high levels of Na+.
Al, Qabany Ahmed Abdul Aziz. "Microbial carbonate precipitation in soils". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609845.
Texto completoBlet-Charaudeau, Catherine. "Les Rythmes de production de gaz carbonique dans les sols carbonates de champagne". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611985h.
Texto completoValencia, González Yamile. "Influência da biomineralização nas propriedades físico-mecânicas de um perfil de solo tropical afetado". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/6907.
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Grande parte dos solos dos países da América do Sul são afetados por processos erosivos, sendo estes considerados como um dos problemas ambientais mais importantes dos últimos anos. Mas, são poucas as pesquisas na área de geotecnia, especificamente, no âmbito da "biotecnologia" ou "bioengenharia", que procuram, a partir da utilização de microrganismos, melhorar as propriedades geotécnicas e de estabilidade dos solos. Com esse enfoque, foi desenvolvida esta pesquisa, buscando analisar o efeito que tem a aplicação de um nutriente precipitador de carbonato de cálcio sobre a microbiota nativa na mitigação de processos erosivos um perfil de solo tropical. A metodologia usada nesta pesquisa consistiu na coleta de solo de um perfil localizado a 20m da margem da voçoroca de Santa Maria no Distrito Federal - Brasil. Em tal amostra foram identificadas as bactérias nativas e, posteriormente, determinou-se qual seria o nutriente que melhor induz a precipitação do carbonato de cálcio com essas bactérias. Posteriormente, foram caracterizadas física, química, mineralógica e mecanicamente as amostras de solo natural, para logo adicionar em blocos inalterados do solo o meio nutritivo selecionado de modo a induzir a precipitação de carbonato de cálcio. Após quinze dias de tratamento se realizaram nestes solos tratados, os mesmos ensaios de caracterização feitos nas amostras sem tratamento. Finalmente, concluiu-se que o uso do nutriente B4 interage com as bactérias do solo, precipitando carbonato de cálcio, o que causa melhoria nas propriedades físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e mecânicas dos solos estudados, mitigando, em termos gerais, os processos erosivos atuantes no perfil. Assim, a técnica de biomineralização através da precipitação de carbonato de cálcio estudada para melhorar as propriedades dos solos, demonstrou ser positiva, o que constitui um avanço na biotecnologia, pois contempla a possibilidade de reduzir o impacto ambiental e econômico causado por outras alternativas. _____________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Large amounts of lands in South American countries are affected by erosive processes. They have been considered one of the most significant environmental problems in the last years. However, few researches on the use of microorganisms to improve geotechnical properties and soil stability have been carried out, especially in the "biotechnology" or "bioengineering" areas. This paper aims to analyze application effects of a nutrient precipitant made of calcium carbonate on native microbiota in order to minimize erosive processes on tropical soils. The methodology consisted of collecting soil samples from an area 20 meters away from a vocoroca in Santa Maria (Distrito Federal - Brazil). Native bacteria were found in the sample and, eventually, the best nutrient to induce calcium carbonate precipitation was identified. Physical, chemical, mineral, and mechanical data from the natural soil were collected. Then, a previously selected nutritious substrate was applied in unaffected soil blocks to induce calcium carbonate precipitation. After fifteen days, soil characterization tests were accomplished in the soil blocks and in samples without any treatment. Conclusions showed that the B4 nutrient interacts with the soil bacteria, resulting in calcium carbonate precipitation. That interaction improved physical, chemical, mineral, and mechanical properties of the studied soils, minimizing active erosive processes in the samples. As a result, the biomineralization technique through calcium carbonate precipitation to improve soil properties proved to be effective. Such conclusion is a great progress in the biotechnology field, as it might reduce environmental and economic impacts caused by other techniques.
Hamdi, Salwa. "Vulnérabilité des services écosystémiques des sols tunisiens face aux changements climatiques régionaux : sensibilité de la respiration du sol à la température". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20137.
Texto completoTo better understand and assess the impact of climate change on the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and carbon fluxes, and particularly heterotrophic soil respiration (SR), it is necessary to study the sensitivity of SR to temperature. Several studies have been achieved to improve the understanding of factors controlling the temperature dependence of SR and showed that the temperature sensitivity of SR decreases with temperature. These studies suggested that this decrease in temperature sensitivity of SR was related to change in substrate availability. Other studies presented microbial adaptation to warmed conditions. The temperature sensitivity of SR is especially critical in semi-arid regions, such as North West Tunisia, where the SOC stock is low. It is necessary to know the influence of substrate availability on the sensitivity of SR to temperature. In this study, soil samples were incubated for 28 days after a 28-day pre-incubation per iod. Pre-incubation and incubation were carried out at 20, 30, 40 and 50°C. To test the substrate availability effect on the temperature sensitivity of SR, glucose was added to soil at the beginning of the incubation period. Results showed that the highest pre-incubation temperature reduced the temperature sensitivity of SR during the subsequent incubation period. Glucose addition reduced the effect of high pre-incubation temperature on SR response. Thus, it appears that the observed decrease in SR sensitivity to temperature after one month pre-incubation at high temperature was due to a reduce in substrate availability and to a decrease in microbial biomass. Since the soil used in this study is a Calcari-Leptic Cambisol, a second experiment was also performed to determine the amount of CO2 from carbonates and the amount of CO2 from SOC. This study was carried out by measurements of the isotopic signatures (δ13C) of SOC, carbonates and emitted CO2. After 28 days of inc ubation, 23±9% of CO2 came from carbonates. This contribution was low compared to the high initial C-CaCO3 content in soil (4.3%), and it was independent to the incubation temperature. This study showed that reduce in the sensitivity of SR to high temperatures was probably due to a reduction in the substrate availability and to a decrease in microbial biomass
Girinsky, Olivier. "Pré-industrialisation d'un procédé de consolidation de sol par bio-calcification in situ". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557098.
Texto completoBen, Hassine Abdelkader. "Effet d’un traitement électrocinétique sur le comportement d’un mélange de kaolinite et de carbonate en présence de plomb". Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENISE030.
Texto completoSoil remediation and the selection of appropriate methods for this application have attracted special interest in recent years. There are almost as many methods of remediation that type of pollution. Method of depollution by electrokinetic is one of these methods. It consists in applying an electric current and to thereby cause the migration of pollutants. The objective of this work is to study the behavior of kaolinite, a mixture of kaolinite and carbonate of lead under the effect of an electrokinetic treatment and to study the evolution of the structure kaolinite, and kaolinite-carbonate mixtures before and after the electrokinetic. For this study, the sample length was 20 cm. The applied electric field is equal to 1V / cm. Electrokinetic treatment trials are made equal to 48h, 72h, 96h, 120h, 168h, and 192h. Measurements are made during the tests, such as the pH of the anodic and cathodic reservoirs, the intensity of electric current, the potential difference of the sample and the electro-osmotic flow. The measurements performed after the tests are the pH, the conductivity as a function ofthe distance from the anode. And measures by, X-ray diffraction, mercury porosimetry and surface area are also performed to study the evolution of the structure after the electrokinetic treatment
Beauregard, Charles. "Impact du changement d'échelle, des carbonates et du chrome sur la décontamination des sols par électrocinétique". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21709.pdf.
Texto completoFurquim, Sheila Aparecida Correia. "Formação de carbonatos e argilo-minerais em solos sódicos do pantanal sul-mato-grossense". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-18102007-142817/.
Texto completoA distinctive feature of Nhecolândia, a sub-region of the Pantanal wetland, is the presence in close proximity of freshwater and saline lakes with a huge chemical variability. The salt has been generally attributed to Pleistocene processes, but recent studies have suggested that saline waters arise from present-day concentration of freshwater by evaporation. The chemical profile of saline waters would be originated by chemical control of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Si(OH)4 as the water becomes more saline. Two processes would be responsible for this control: formation of carbonates and formation of Mg-silicates. The presence of whitish nodules and clayey horizons in soils associated to the saline lakes would be evidences of these processes. In saline-alkaline environments, carbonates such as calcite and dolomite are commonly formed by chemical precipitation, but the mechanisms responsible for Mgsilicates genesis are still under debate. The objectives of this research are: a) increasing the general knowledge about soils associated to Pantanal saline lakes through a detailed characterization of the soils located around a representative saline lake of Nhecolândia (\"Salina do Meio\"); b) identifying the processes involved in Ca2+, Mg2+ and Si(OH)4 control from saline waters, through the study of relationships between waters and minerals present in the soils around \"Salina do Meio\"; c) identifying the specific mechanisms of authigenic genesis of the minerals possibly found around \"Salina do Meio\". Soils were sampling along a toposequence and submitted to physical (particle-size), chemical (ICP-MS, pH, EC, total carbon, inorganic carbonate, exchangeable bases, and soaking in H2O, HCl 1N, and NaOH 4M), and mineralogical analyses (XRD and TEM-EDS). Water was collected along a transect involving the lake and submitted to pH, Eh, EC, temperature, titration with HCl, ion chromatography, and ICP-MS analyses. The studied soils are sandy, structureless, and present, in general, high values of pH, CE, CEC, and Na+ saturation. Prevailing of Na+ in the waters and exchangeable sites and dominance of extremely high pH strongly suggest the general action of solonization in these soils and its influence on the following processes: organic matter translocation toward deeper horizons, precipitation of carbonates (calcite, dolomite, and nahcolite) in nodules, precipitation of amorphous silica, and authigenic formation of smectites and micas. Different authigenic smectites occur along the toposequence: a) in the zone hardly reached by the lake level variation, the smectite is classified as ferribeidellite-type, present an interstratification with mica and vermiculite, and has similar amounts of Fe3+ than the Fe-mica present in the soils. These characteristics suggest that this ferribeidellite-type mineral originates from transformation of Fe-mica and that vermiculite may be an intermediate phase in this transformation; b) in the zone of seasonal lake level variation, the smectites are classified as saponite- and stevensite-type minerals. Low REE amounts in the samples enriched in saponite and stevensite, geochemical control of Mg2+ and Si(OH)4, saturation with respect to Mg smectite in the more saline waters, and presence of Mg-smectite where the maximum of evaporation is expected, prove that saponite- and stevensite-like minerals originate by chemical precipitation from the water column of the saline lake. The micas present in the studied soils are classified as illite-, glauconite- and glauconitic mica-type minerals. They present 20% or less smectite layers and seem to be associated to amorphous materials. Synthesis of micas available in the literature shows that water conditions similar to the study area allow for dioctahedral mica crystallization from initial precipitation of amorphous hydroxides. Therefore, it suggests that micas of study area are neoformed. The results of this dissertation contributed to a better understanding about the soils associated to Nhecolândia saline lakes, since most of the published researches are based on field data. The control of Ca2+ from more saline waters occurs by formation of calcite and dolomite in nodules, while the control of Mg2+ and Si(OH)4 occur by formation of Mg-smectites classified as saponite- and stevensite-type. These processes are probably responsible for the chemical variability between freshwater and saline lakes, as supposed in a previous research. Therefore, the present work gives strong evidences about the current origin of Nhecolândia salt water. Also, it showed the possibility of genesis of illite, glauconita, glauconitic mica, saponite, and stevensite minerals through direct precipitation of waters or soil solutions under concentration by evaporation.
Versteegen, Audrey. "Biotic and abiotic controls on calcium carbonate formation in soils". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5332.
Texto completoAl-Ghanem, Abdulhakim M. F. "Factors affecting the strength characteristics of calcium-carbonate - cemented soils". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184645.
Texto completoMakki, Lamis. "Comportement de retrait-gonflement des sols en période de sécheresse". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066657.
Texto completoMesquita, Luiz Felipe. "Gênese e geoquímica de solos influenciados por carbonatos na faixa atlântica do sudeste brasileiro". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10359.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Com o objetivo de avaliar a pedogênese em ambiente tropical sob influência de rochas carbonáticas, selecionou-se uma área entre o norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e o Sul do Estado do Espírito santo, onde são comuns os afloramentos de mármores e calcários. A relação solo-relevo foi avaliada em uma microbacia hidrográfica através de suas características pedomorfométricas. A pedogênese foi avaliada por meio das características físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e micromorfológicas de perfis de Cambissolos Háplicos e Argissolos Vermelhos, derivados de calcário, anfibolito e gnaisse. A geoquímica foi avaliada em perfis de Argissolo Vermelho, Chernossolo Háplico e Chernossolos Rêndzicos, derivados de anfbolito e calcário. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: (i) a altitude foi o atributo topográfico mais correlacionado com as características físicas e químicas dos solos da microbacia Córrego Duas Barras; (ii) os Cambissolos Háplicos e Argissolos Vermelhos, derivados de calcário, anfibolito e gnaisse, são bem drenados, pouco profundos, vermelhos, bem estruturados, argilosos, moderadamente ácidos a praticamente neutros, eutróficos, não carbonáticos e com atividade da fração argila variando de moderadamente baixa a média. Possuem traços de minerais alteráveis, como feldspatos, hornblenda, talco e minerais 2:1, resultado de um processo de intemperismo moderado, onde a remoção da sílica liberada dos minerais não atingiu níveis elevados; (iii) a argiluviação não demonstra ser o processo pedogenético mais expressivo na formação do gradiente textural dos Argissolos; (iv) os solos desenvolvidos de calcário, por estarem em local de drenagem desimpedida não apresentam o processo de carbonatação, ao passo que seus valores de pH mais elevados facilitam a ferruginização, formando solos mais vermelhos, com maiores teores de óxidos de ferro, cujos valores da substituição isomórfica de Fe por Al são característicos da hematita; (v) fração argila dos Cambissolos Háplicos e Argissolos Vermelhos, derivados de calcário, anfibolito e gnaisse, é predominantemente caulinítica, e apresenta traços de esmectitas e cloritas, com possibilidade de hidroxi nas entrecamadas; (vi) as caulinitas são pouco espessas, com superfície específica média maior do que as geralmente observadas para este mineral; (vii) a LMA001 da caulinita foi menor na argila tratada com DCB, e maior nos solos derivados de calcário; (viii) o índice de cristalinidade da caulinita foi ligeiramente maior na fração argila grossa dos Cambissolos Háplicos e Argissolos Vermelhos; (ix) os principais processos pedogenéticos dos Chernossolos foram a lixiviação no horizonte superficial, a formação de argila no horizonte textural, e a calcificação nos horizontes sub superficiais; (x) a MOS apresenta depleção nos valores δ13C com o aumento da profundidade e enriquecimento com o aumento do teor de COT nos Chernossolos; (xi) os solos apresentam dois padrões diferentes de distribuição de δ15N em profundidade: enriquecimento com o aumento da profundidade para o solo não-carbonático; e depleção com o aumento da profundidade para os solos carbonáticos; (xii) a idade 14C da MOS variou de 295 a 7190 anos BP entre a superfície e a sub superfície, respectivamente; (xiii) não foram observadas diferenças isotópicas significativas para os valores de δ18O e δ13C entre os carbonatos do solo e dos nódulos carbonáticos; (xiv) os valores 14C dos nódulos carbonáticos revelaram idade Pleistocênica; (xv) os valores de δ13C dos nódulos carbonáticos apresentaram maior equilíbrio isotópico com a vegetação do que com atmosfera; (xvi) os valores médios de δ18O entre a borda e o núcleo sugerem que a precipitação dos nódulos carbonáticos, ao longo do tempo, ocorre provavelmente sempre na mesma estação.
Aiming to evaluate the pedogenesis in tropical environment under the influence of carbonate rocks, was selected an area between the northern of the State of Rio de Janeiro and south of the State of Espirito Santo, where marble and limestone are abundant. The soil-relief relationship was evaluated in a watershed through its pedomorphometric features. The pedogenesis was evaluated by the physical, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological characteristics of Inceptsols and Ultisols derived from marble, amphibolite and gneiss. The geochemistry was evaluated in Mollisols derived from amphibolite and marble. The main results were: (i) the elevation was the topographic attribute more correlated with the physical and chemical soil characteristics of the watershed Córrego Duas Barras; (ii) Inceptsols and Ultisols, derived of marble, amphibolite and gneiss, are well drained, shallow, red, well structured, clayey, moderately acidic to slightly alkaline, eutrophic, carbonate free, and clay activity ranging from moderately low to medium. They have traces of labile minerals such as feldspars, hornblende, talc and 2:1 minerals, result of a moderate weathering process, where the removal of silica released from minerals has not reached a high level; (iii) the argilluviation is not the most significant pedogenic process to formation of textural gradient in the Ultisols; (iv) the soils developed from marble, because they are in unobstructed drainage site does not have the carbonation process, while its higher pH values facilitating ferruginization forming more redness soils, with higher iron oxide contents, whose the values of isomorphic substitution Fe by Al are characteristic of hematite; (v) the clay fraction of Inceptsols and Ultisols derived from limestone, amphibolite and gneiss, is predominantly kaolinite, and shows traces of smectite and chlorite, with the possibility of hydroxy interlayer; (vi) the kaolinite are thin, with an specific surface higher than usually observed for this mineral; (vii) the LMA001 of kaolinite was lower in the clay treated with DCB, and higher in soils derived of marble; (viii) the kaolinite index of crystallinity was slightly higher in the coarse clay of Inceptsols and Ultisols; (ix) the main pedogenic processes of Mollisols consist of leaching in the surface horizons, formation of clay in the textural horizon, and calcification in the sub surface horizons; (x) the SOM shows a depletion in δ13C values with increasing depth and enrichment with increasing TOC content in the Mollisols; (xi) the soils have two different patterns of δ15N distribution in depth: enrichment with increasing depth to the carbonate-free soil; and depletion with increasing depth to the carbonatic soils; (xii) the 14 C age of SOM ranged 295-7190 y BP, between the surface and the sub surface, respectively; (xiii) there were no significant differences for δ18O and δ13C values between the soil carbonates and nodules carbonates; (xiv) the 14 C values of carbonate nodules revealed Pleistocene age; (xv) the δ13C values of carbonate nodules presented greater isotopic equilibrium with vegetation than with atmosphere; (xvi) the average values of δ18O between the edge and the core suggest that precipitation of carbonate nodules, over the time, probably occurs always in the same season.
Foi publicado um anexo junto com o texto completo.
Recouvreur, Audrey. "Morphologie, architecture et mise en place d’un système carbonaté profond alimenté par un canyon". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0013.
Texto completoThe large acoustic data set acquired during the Carambar cruises (2010 – 2017) is composed of high resolution bathymetry, backscatter data and very-high resolution seismic lines which allow for an overview of the morphology and sediment transfer processes from the shallow upper slope to the abyssal plain of a modern carbonate system: the north-eastern slope of the Little Bahama Bank. This work completes the results from Tournadour (2015), Chabaud (2016), and Fauquembergue (2018), with a focus on the architecture of this deep system. Surficial distribution of the acoustic facies and echofacies reflects a wide variety of sedimentary processes along and across the slope. It demonstrates the occurrence of a differential subsidence affecting the eastern versus western part of the bank. High resolution seismic profiles give new clues on the origin of a giant carbonate canyon, the Great Abaco Canyon. N110-trending faults have been recognized on the seismic profiles crossing through the Great Abaco Canyon mouth and can be related to the Great Abaco fracture zone. These structures suggest a Neogene fault reactivation during platform growth, contrasting with the quiet tectonic period previously described on the region. The channel – lobe complex at the Great Abaco Canyon mouth has no bathymetric expression. It shows that exceptional mass-flow events largely contributed to an important sediment transfer in the canyon during the Upper Miocene. The seismic architecture of the southern part of the Blake Plateau shows a succession of well-defined seismic facies, separated by high-amplitude reflections, interpreted as stacked contouritic sequences. These contouritic drifts emphasize the occurrence of an Oligo-Miocene current flowing northward along the Blake Bahama Escarpment edges and across the Blake Plateau. Fluid-associated structures and current-associated mounds located in topographic lows allow the definition of two origins for mounds: bioherms (type 1 & 2) and chemoherms (type 3). The stratigraphic association of mounds with erosion surfaces is further indicative of large-scale changes of the activity of bottom currents in the zone
ORDONIO, Iran Neves. "Propriedades de três amostras de solos da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco sob aplicação de carbonato de cálcio,carbonato de cálcio e magnésio e sulfato de cálcio". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2004. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5130.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Samples of the surface and B horizons of a Plintosol as well as the B horizon of a Nitosol were treated with calcium carbonate, calcium and magnesium carbonate, and calcium sulfate. The objective was to study the effects of such amendments on chemical and physical properties of the soils. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The samples were packed into PVC columns sectioned in two 15 cm-cylinders. The amendments were applied on the upper cylinder. The lime requirement was calculated to reach 60% of base saturation while the gypsum dose was equivalent to 25% of lime requirement. Soil samples were kept incubated for 36 days. During this period, they were leached out through two pore-volumes using deionized water. The results showed that the treatments were not effective at ameliorating the soil acidic condition. There was not a significant influence of the amendments on the cation movement in the soil column as corroborated by low cation concentrations in the lower cylinder. On the other hand, calcium carbonate and its application with calcium sulphate provoked highest Ca contents in the lower cylinder. Calcium and magnesium carbonate treatments as well as their association with calcium sulphate provided the highest Mg concentrations in lower cylinders. This resultshows the role of such chemical amendments in supplying Ca and Mg to subsurfacee layers of soil. The treatments did not alter the physical soil properties. Water dispersed clay and floculation were little influenced by treatments, especially for the B horizons, which were statistically equal.
Amostras de Plintossolo horizonte Ap, Plintossolo horizonte Bt e Nitossolo horizonte B1 foram utilizadas no estudo, com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de carbonato de cálcio, carbonato de cálcio e magnésio, sulfato de cálcio e associação entre eles, investigando suas interações nas alterações químicas e físicas. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. As amostras de solos foram acondicionadas em colunas de PVC com 10 cm de diâmetro e 30 cm de altura, seccionados em dois cilindros de 15 cm. Nos cilindros superiores foram aplicados os corretivos. A necessidade de calagem foi calculada de modo a elevar a saturação por bases a 60 %, e a dose de sulfato de cálcio correspondente a 25 % da necessidade de calagem de cada amostra de solo. O período de incubação foi de 36 dias, durante o qual as amostras foram lixiviadas com dois volumes de poros com água deionizada, em aplicações semanais. Após esse período, procederam-se às avaliações físicas e químicas dos solos e químicas do material lixiviado. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que não houve correção de forma efetiva quando as propriedades químicas após o período de incubação. Houve pequena influência das doses aplicadas quanto à movimentação de cátions em profundidade, evidenciado pela pequena concentração de cátions no cilindro inferior. Entretanto, no cilindro inferior, maiores teores de cálcio foram relacionados aos tratamentos contendo carbonato de cálcio (CC) e sua combinação com sulfato de cálcio (CCG). Os tratamentos contendo carbonato de cálcio e magnésio (CM) e sua combinação com sulfato de cálcio (CMG), proporcionaram, por sua vez, maiores teores de magnésio nas referidas camadas. Esse fato evidencia a contribuição do carbonato de cálcio e carbonato de cálcio e magnésio no fornecimento de Ca e Mg e o efeito do sulfato de cálcio em profundidade. Os tratamentos de correção aplicados não proporcionaram diferenças nas propriedades físicas entre os cilindros. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos percebe-se um efeito pouco expressivo de argila dispersa em água e do grau de floculação, principalmente para as amostras doPlintossolo Horizonte Bt e o Nitossolo Horizonte Bt, cujas diferenças não foram significativas.
Saiad, Jalila. "Contribution à la définition d'une méthodologie d’étude en laboratoire du traitement des sables et des craies pour la réalisation de barrières étanches". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0119.
Texto completoThe direct landfill of waste can generate several problems, particularly those of ground-water pollution. Indeed, soluble substances are driven by water and percolate through soil layers. The aim of this study is then to find solution up tu reduce the flow of pollution by a decrease of hydraulic conductivity of a natural soil, in order to achieve treatment of landfill bottom, flanks and cover systems. The permeability of a given soil is related to volume and distribution porosity within the soil. We first reduce these voids and so the permeability, by granulometric correction and compaction of the mixture. From natural previous soils which can be easily re-handled (sand and chalk), we have tried to obtain, in laboratory, the optimum conditions of treatment of these soils by admixture of clays and compaction which confers to the mixture a low permeability (10-9m/s for example)
Jaillard, Benoît. "Les structures rhizomorphes calcaires : modèle de réorganisation des minéraux du sol par les racines". Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20174.
Texto completoWalworth, James. "Recognizing and Treating Iron Deficiency in the Home Yard". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144777.
Texto completoWalworth, James. "Recognizing and Treating Iron Deficiency in the Home Yard". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/267537.
Texto completoSterianos, Benjamin. "Geotechnical properties of carbonate soils with reference to an improved engineering classification". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9636.
Texto completoThe engineering behaviour of carbonates differ substantially from quartz based soils. A review of the literature was undertaken in an attempt to identify relevant parameters which could provide the basis for an improved engineering classification. Carbonate content, cementation, crushability, particle size distribution and Atterberg limits were found to be relevant to engineering behaviour of carbonates, and should be included. The maximum obtainable void ratio (emax), which is related to the particle shape distribution, has been proposed as an additional index for carbonate sands. Results from direct shear tests showed that this parameter correlates well with crushability and compressibility. It is recommended that this parameter (emax) as determined in the test devised by Kolbuszewski (1948), should be adopted as an index property for classifying carbonate sands.
Woodfine, Richard Gareth. "Chemostratigraphy of Jurassic-cretaceous Italian carbonate platforms". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:03c84d34-a27d-46fd-89b0-d69a1501d888.
Texto completoCroizé, Delphine. "Mechanical and chemical compaction of carbonate sediments : An experimental study". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU020.
Texto completoUnderstanding compaction processes in sediments or rocks is important for instance for the characterisation of compaction in sedimentary basins or for sealing of active fault. The aims of the present study are firstly to separate and quantify the relative role of mechanical and chemical compaction in carbonate sediments. Secondly to better understand chemical compaction processes acting on sediments. The potential for porosity loss by mechanical compaction of platforms carbonate strata was investigated by carrying out K0 triaxial tests. Eleven samples cemented with low, Mg calcite and five dolomitized samples from the Marion plateau, offshore northeast Australia (ODP (ocean drilling program) Leg194) were uniaxially compacted at effective stresses up to 70 MPa. Early cementation of bioclastic carbonate samples created a stable cemented framework with a high degree of over, consolidation and low compressibility. Water saturation of the samples produces weakening of the mechanical strength and greater scatter in the correlation of P, wave velocity versus porosity. Most of the tested samples were already so strongly cemented at 30, 400 meters that further porosity loss during burial up to 4, 5 km depth must occur mainly by chemical rather than mechanical processes. To study chemical processes two other types of experiments were carried out. Pressure solution is the main chemical compaction mechanism affecting sediments during burial, therefore the rate of calcite deformation by pressure solution creep at a single contact was studied. The results enable the identification of the relative importance of pressure solution driven by normal load, and free surface dissolution driven by strain energy. Two different processes occur during pressure solution of calcite crystals at the grain scale. In one case, diffusion of the dissolved solid takes place in the pore fluid present along a rough interface between calcite and the indenter. In the second case, diffusion occurs through cracks that propagate from the contact toward the less stressed part of the crystal. Strain rates are higher for experiments in which crack propagation occurred. Overall it seems strain rates are not really stress dependent but rather dependent on whether crack propagation occurs or not. Eventually, both mechanical and chemical compaction processes were studied on aggregates of calcite and bioclastic carbonate sands. Experimental compaction showed that compaction of carbonates sands should be modelled as a function of both mechanical and chemical compaction also at relatively shallow depth and low temperature. In all cases, the nature of the fluid, the initial grain packing, and the grain size represent important control parameters of the final strain and the strain rates at a given stress. Samples saturated with non, reactive fluids, e. G. Air or decane, show less strain than samples saturated with reactive fluids at the same effective stress since the compaction was only mechanical. During the loading phase, chemical compaction occurs by pressure solution creep which is enhanced by the presence of cracks at the grain, to, grain contacts. This is also supported by the identification of compaction related microstructures in thin, sections. During creep tests, the samples compressibility is controlled by, in order of importance, grain size, stress, and water saturation. Low ultrasonic velocities are especially observed in samples saturated with reactive fluids. Dissolution and transport affecting the grain, to, grain contacts geometry and crack propagation are likely to be the reason for such velocity alteration. In conclusion, porosity loss in carbonate sediments is mostly due to chemical compaction and very little to mechanical compaction. Chemical compaction processes are pressure solution and pressure solution enhanced by subcritical crack growth. The predominance of one or the other mechanism is to be related to the fluid in presence and to the nature of the grains
Muniz, Edgard Alves. "Efeitos de gesso agrícola e corretivos de acidez do abacaxizeiro cultivado em Latossolo e Plintossolo". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5092.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The latosolic Concretionary Petric Plintosol is the less fertile soil in the bioma Cerrado. Making it to produce food in order to contribute to the Brazilian agribusiness, turns into a great challenge for Science. In addition to this fact, the\pineapple fruits exports are important incomes sources for our Country. For this reason, the present work aimed to assess effects of application, on soil, of calcium carbonate, calcium & magnesium carbonate and calcium sulfate, on productivity of pineapple plant (Ananas comosus L. Merril) var. Pérola cultivated in typical Distrocohesive Yellow Latosol and latosolic Concretionary Petric Plintosol on a same topossequence of Cerrado bioma. Soon after planting, it were applied on both soils, the following equivalent doses\(kg ha-1): on the latossol area – 2000, 2000 and 1000; and on the plintossol area – 3000, 3000 and 1500; of calcium carbonate, calcium & magnesium carbonate and calcium sulfate, respectively. As effects, the fruits production averages (t ha-1), in both soils were: 8,32; 12,94; 13,82; 15,09; 5,02; 12,60; 14,11; e 14,82, respectively, in the same sequence above. The essays were set up in 2010, in a region of Anápolis, Goiás State, latitude 16º19ˈ 36 ̎ S, longitude 48º57ˈ 10 ̎ W and altitude 1017 m. The yearly pluviosity average is 1.200 mm, and the temperature oscillates between 21 and 35ºC; the climate is classified as Aw according to Köppen system. The harvest was achieved in 2012. The experimental design was in randomized blocks. Each plot measured 1,20 x 6,60 m and were four the number of treatments with five replications. The three products, in the mentioned equivalent doses, induced the latosolic Concretionary Petric Plintosol studied to reach a pineapple Pérola production capacity equivalent to the typical Distrocohesive Yellow Latosol. Calcium sulfate, calcium carbonate and calcium & magnesium carbonate, individually, increased the tenor of changeable bases in the upper layers of both soils, wich made it possible to obtain greater pineapple Pérola yielding.
Plintossolo Pétrico Concrecionário latossólico é o menos fértil dos solos cerradinos. Fazê-lo produzir alimentos para contribuir com o agronegócio brasileiro, tornase um desafio para a ciência. Em adição a este fato, abacaxi é uma importante fonte de divisas para o país. Por estas razões, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar efeitos de aplicações, no solo, de calcário calcítico, calcário dolomítico e gesso agrícola sobre a produtividade do abacaxizeiro (Ananas comosus L. Merril) var. Pérola cultivado em Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso típico e em Plintossolo Pétrico Concrecionário latossólico de uma mesma topossequência de bioma Cerrado. Logo após o plantio, foram aplicadas, aos dois solos, as seguintes doses equivalentes (kg ha-1): na área de latossolo – 2.000, 2.000 e 1.000; e na área de plintossolo – 3000, 3000 e 1 .500 de calcário calcítico, calcário dolomítico e gesso agrícola, respectivamente. Como efeitos, as produções médias de frutos (t ha-1), nos dois solos, foram: 8,32; 12,94; 13,82; 15,09; 5,02; 12,60; 14,11; e 14,82, na mesma ordem das doses equivalentes descritas acima. Os ensaios foram instalados em 2010, no município de Anápolis (GO), com latitude de 16º19ˈ 36 ̎ S, longitude 48º57ˈ 10 ̎ W e altitude 1017 m. A média anual de pluviosidade é de 1.200 mm e a temperatura oscila entre 21 e 35ºC; clima é classificado como Aw no sistema Köppen. A colheita realizou-se em 2012. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso. Cada parcela mediu 1,20 x 6,60 m, e foram quatro os tratamentos de cinco repetições. Os três insumos, nas doses equivalentes mencionadas, induziram o Plintossolo Pétrico Concrecionário latossólico estudado a atingir uma capacidade de produção de abacaxi Pérola estatisticamente igual à do Latossolo Amarelo Distrocoeso típico. O gesso agrícola, o calcário dolomítico e calcário calcítico, individualmente, aumentaram os teores de bases trocáveis nas camadas mais superficiais dos dois solos, o que possibilitou a obtenção de maiores produtividades do abacaxizeiro Pérola.
Papazoglou, Athanasios. "An experimental study of localized compaction in high porosity rocks : the example of Tuffeau de Maastricht". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI100/document.
Texto completoGiven their high porosity, carbonates form important water and hydrocarbons reservoirs, and they are also suitable for other applications such as CO2 storage and nuclear waste disposal. However, localized compaction in carbonates affects the stress field and the hydromechanical properties of these rocks leading to inelastic deformation and failure with potential economic, environmental and social impacts. Previous field and experimental studies have shown that in porous carbonates, unlike sandstones, a variety of micromechanisms such as pore collapse, grain crushing, debonding, crystal plasticity and pressure solution can potentially lead to inelastic compaction. Due to the coexistence of such multiple inelastic processes and the interplay among them, the dominant micromechanism responsible for failure remains poorly understood.This doctoral thesis presents an experimental investigation into the deformation mechanisms governing the mechanical behavior and failure mode of high porosity carbonate rocks. To this end, Tuffeau de Maastricht, a bioclastic sedimentary limestone exhibiting up to 52% porosity, has been tested under dry conditions. This study focuses on how stress path, confining pressure and bedding orientation affect the onset and propagation of localized compaction. Three main experimental campaigns are conducted on cylindrical specimens of 11.5 mm diameter and 22 mm height to study the brittle-ductile transition: (i) isotropic compression, (ii) uniaxial compression, and (iii) triaxial compression tests at confining pressures ranging from 1 to 5 MPa. A systematic analysis of the anisotropic behavior of Tuffeau de Maastricht is conducted on samples cored perpendicular, oblique 45° and parallel to the bedding plane. High resolution x-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to obtain 3D images of the entire specimen under loading. The acquired images are processed and full-field measurements have been used to elucidate the mechanics of initiation and propagation of localized compaction. Porosity variations during loading are measured macroscopically as well as locally. The porosity measurements are performed over a REV, which is defined with the use of statistical tools. The systematic use of x-ray micro tomography combined with the use of advanced image analysis and Digital Image Correlation (DIC) provides a quantitative 3D information the strain field inside a sample and its evolution during a test.Two failure modes are identified, based on porosity measurements and DIC: compactive shear bands at low confining pressure, and compaction bands (perpendicular to the maximum compressive stress) at higher confinement. These bands develop at essentially constant deviator stress and propagate through the whole sample punctuated by episodic stress drops. Triaxial compression tests at much higher axial strain present three distinct phases: (1) an initial quasi-linear increase of deviator stress, followed by (2) a plateau and (3) a post-plateau hardening. The essential observation from these experiments if the occurrence of a debonding phase which converts the specimen from rock-like to sand-like. A second localization, typical of dense sand, eventually occurs for very axial strain. Additional experiments that are performed on artificially debonded specimens emphasize this destructuration phase during the plateau of deviator stress. The experimental results also highlight the strong anisotropy of the mechanical behavior of the studied material
Huang, Yuh-Ming. "The effects of precipitation of calcium carbonate on soil pH following urea application". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a81844cb-c0c1-4dd3-a3c5-fc7a1b716021.
Texto completoWissocq, Aubéry. "Etude du transport réactif de Sr et Cs dans un sédiment gréso-argileux carbonaté du site de Cadarache". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE027/document.
Texto completoAs part of the environmental monitoring of its installations under nominal operating conditions or in accident situation, CEA must ensure the implementation of operational methods and tools to measure, control and predict the discharge of its installations into the environment, atmosphere, soil and groundwater. This work is part of the implementation of a reactive transport tool, which allows predicting the migration of radionuclides in trace concentration such as 90Sr and 137Cs, the main radionuclides of interest, in soils and rocks. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the applicability and predictive nature of a coupled chemistry-transport model in the case of migration of Cs and Sr in a natural sediment, representative of the aquifer underlying the nuclear site of Cadarache. The retention model used is based on the Multi-Site Ion Exchange Theory, integrated in PhreeqC coupled with HYDRUS 1D (HP1) or Crunchflow.The characterization of the physico-chemical properties of the sediment studied and the identification of the reactive minerals allow to develop a database of retention of Sr2+, Cs+ and Ca2+ (major cation of the medium) on the clay minerals mostly present, illite and smectite. The construction of this database was based on a critical review of the data in the literature, supplemented by the acquisition of missing data. From this database and assuming the additivity of the retention properties of pure minerals in a material considered as a mixture of pure minerals, it was possible to verify the applicability of the retention model in the case of the adsorption of Sr2+ and Cs+ on the sediment.Finally, this retention model could be coupled to a transport model and applied to the case of the migration of Sr and Cs in sediment columns. These experiments were carried out on two types of column, at the centimeter scale on standard columns and at a decimetric scale on an experimental device equipped with a X generator recording continuously the physicochemical parameters within the column. Simulations of the Sr reactive transport experiments by the multi-sites ion exchange model coupled with the advection-dispersion equation were able to adequately reproduce the Sr breakthrough curves without any parameter adjustments. The dispersivity coefficients of each column were determined in non-reactive transport experiments using inert tracers (2H, Cl- and I-). Moreover, the Cs breakthrough curves seem more difficult to reproduce, which could be due to the uncertainties still existing on the retention parameters related to this element or a kinetic effect.The good agreement between the results of the reactive Sr transport experiments in a column at two different scales and the simulations showed that the reactive transport model implemented allows reproducing the behavior of Sr in the Cadarache sediment without parameter adjustment by considering the chemical retention by an ion exchange process on the clay minerals of the system. This first step, essential to the evaluation of the model confirms the predictive nature of this model, insofar as physicochemical conditions are well constrained
Claveranne-Lamolère, Céline. "Evaluation et caractérisation des interactions colloïdes-actinides dans les sols par une approche multi-technique : exemple de l'uranium en milieu carbonaté". Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3023.
Texto completoIn order to assess the fate of actinides in the environment, it is essential to identify the interactions between actinides and soil components. In the case of problems connected to the nuclear industry (deep geologic storage, dismantling and environmental monitoring of nuclear sites), the purpose of this study was to characterize the uranium-colloids interactions by on-line fractionation multi-detection methods. The main advantage here is to supply a lot of information on the uranium distribution within the various colloidal populations. By varying the keys-parameters of a batch leaching protocol, different scenarios potentially implied in the colloidal mobilization of uranium were studied. Each sample collected was also characterized and their size (hydrodynamic and gyration radius), their nature as well as the uranium concentration carried by colloids were determined. The mechanisms of the uranium-colloids interactions were also studied
Belkacem, Saïd. "Étude de la restauration des sols acides soumis à de forts apports acides : effet des formes et doses d'amendements sur le fonctionnement d'un sol acide forestier". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10282.
Texto completoLiang, Yingjie. "Co-valorisation de sédiments et de sols fins par apport de liants et de fibres". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731611.
Texto completoBrunel, Célia. "Dynamique des éléments traces métalliques (Pb, Zn, Cd) sur un petit bassin versant amont contaminé par des déchets miniers - cas du bassin versant amont du Lez (Ariège, Pyrénées)". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30025.
Texto completoOn the orphan Sentein mining district (Pyrénées), the Zn, Cd and Pb dynamics is studied at the scale of the Lez upstream catchment, with geochemical and mineralogical approaches. From the primary and natural mineralization, mining exploitation has lead to the redistribution of metal into several secondary sources (contaminated soils, extraction wastes and tailings). Tailings are the main storage compartment of metals. Submitted to erosion, they constitute the principal source. In this carbonated context, the metal exportation under dissolved form is limited by the formation of secondary minerals. Runoff and erosion are dominant processes for metal mobilization. At the catchment outlet, particulate dispersion is dominant specially, during storm events. The contribution of this mining site to Garonne metal fluxes is assessed
Terés, Gelabert Joana. "Characterization of natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana differing in tolerance to carbonate soil". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457735.
Texto completoNatural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana from Catalonia were investigated to identify mechanisms of local adaptation to carbonate soils. After characterizing the chemical properties of the native soils of multiple small stands of A. thaliana (called “demes”), multi-year common garden experiments, based on contrasting soil carbonate levels, were performed to identify differential fitness among demes. Progenies from these demes performed better on control soil without carbonate. However, fitness differences among demes on carbonate soils were associated with the percentage of CaCO3 in the native soils. This confirms that the soil carbonate level is a driving factor for local adaptation. Contrasting demes A1 (moderately tolerant) and T6 (sensitive) were selected for analyzing physiological traits. When growing either with carbonate or under iron deficiency both demes differed in chlorophyll content, SOD activity, and the profile of phenolic compounds in root exudates. Tolerant deme A1 has the AtFPN2 allele like the reference genotype Col.0. Contrastingly, in sensitive deme T6 the allele sequence is as in Ts-1. The presence of the weak allele of AtFPN2 of Ts-1 could justify the higher accumulation of divalent metals in the leaf of deme T6. Crosses between tolerant and sensitive demes revealed heritability of these traits. In F3, tolerant and sensitive families were selected for bulk segregation analysis, which is still under progress. For further identifying candidate genes for adaptation to carbonate soil, a Hap-Map collection from NASK was used. Different accessions were grown in carbonate and control soils. Growth and shoot ionome was compared to plants growing on non-carbonate soil. Genome wide association analysis (GWAS) provided a list of genes potentially related with plant tolerance to carbonate soils. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that A. thaliana plants naturally adapted to soil with moderate-low carbonate concentrations are more carbonate tolerant than plants from soils without carbonate. This tolerance is inheritable and GWAS revealed multiple candidate genes responsible for tolerance to carbonate soil. BSA-seq results will provide further useful information for the identification of the key genes involved.
Porel, Gilles. "Transfert de soluté en aquifère crayeux : causes de modifications des résultats de traçages". Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10088.
Texto completoCosta, Priscilla Alves da. "Pedogênese de um solo calcário e alterações de seus atributos em resposta a irrigação". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9169.
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Water is a priceless natural resource. More than an essential input to production is a strategic resource for economic development. The semiarid region, as well as the rest of the world, suffer more with climate change associated with global warming. These climate changes have impacts on both supply and demand for water in this region. In northeastern Brazil, where there is an uneven distribution of rainfall, agricultural production is substantially improved through the use of irrigation. The adoption of the use of irrigation in these semiarid regions leads to changes in soil moisture regime and may even change its properties and processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects during 23 years of irrigation on calcareous soils in semiarid Ceará, with emphasis on the study of pedogenetic changes provided by this practice. The areas chosen for study are located in Chapada do Apodi located in the city of Limoeiro do Norte - Ce. 8 amostrgens were performed in each area (in the irrigated area and the area outside and adjacent to the pivot). Subsequently, in each of the areas, trenches were opened to perform the morphological descriptions and collected soil samples for physical characterization, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological. The results indicate significant differences have occurred in the irrigated area compared to non-irrigated area, and verified the increased dissolution of CaCO3 and increased levels of calcium, sodium and phosphorus. Furthermore, the flooded soil has changed its physical characteristics, and found an increase in density of particles decreased permeability of the soil air and the formation of pores less continuous. The analysis results showed that the profiles of 23 years of irrigation had effect on irrigated soil, making it more evolved in comparison to non-irrigated, it was verified by the results obtained in morphology with increasing soil thickness in physics with a lower silt / clay ratio and higher clay content in soil, mineralogy with evidence of increased neoformation of kaolinite and interstratified minerals, in micromorphology with the highest degree of pedalidade. The irrigated soil was classified as Chernosol by presenting chernozênico horizon followed by an incipient B horizon and possess high activity clay.
A água é um recurso natural de valor inestimável. Mais que um insumo indispensável à produção é um recurso estratégico para o desenvolvimento econômico. A região semiárida, assim como o resto mundo, sofre cada vez mais com as alterações climáticas, associadas ao aquecimento global. Essas mudanças climáticas têm impactos tanto na oferta como na demanda por água nessa região. Na região Nordeste do Brasil, onde há uma distribuição irregular de chuvas, a produção agrícola é substancialmente melhorada através do uso da irrigação. A adoção do uso da irrigação nessas regiões semiáridas causa modificações no regime de umidade dos solos e pode ainda alterar suas propriedades e processos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os efeitos causados durante 23 anos de irrigação sobre solos calcários no semiárido cearense, com ênfase no estudo das alterações pedogenéticas proporcionadas pelo uso dessa prática. As áreas escolhidas para o estudo estão localizadas no perímetro irrigado localizado na Chapada do Apodi no município de Limoeiro do Norte-CE. Foram realizadas 8 tradagens em cada área (na área irrigada e na área externa e limítrofe ao pivô). Posteriormente, em cada uma das áreas, foram abertas trincheiras para realização das descrições morfológicas e coleta de amostras de solo para fins de caracterização física, química, mineralógica e micromorfológica. Os resultados referentes às tradagens indicam terem ocorrido diferenças significativas na área irrigada quando comparada à área não irrigada, sendo verificadas a intensificação da dissolução de CaCO3 e o aumento dos teores de cálcio, sódio e fósforo. Além disso, o solo irrigado sofreu alterações dos seus atributos físicos, sendo verificado aumento da sua densidade de partículas, diminuição da permeabilidade do solo ao ar e a formação de poros menos contínuos. Os resultados das análises dos perfis mostraram que os 23 anos de irrigação tiveram efeito no solo irrigado, tornando-o mais evoluído em comparação ao não irrigado, isso foi verificado através dos resultados obtidos na morfologia com aumento da espessura do solum, na física com a menor relação silte/argila e maior conteúdo argila nesse solo, na mineralogia com indícios de aumento da caulinita e neoformação de minerais interestratificados e na micromorfologia com o maior grau de pedalidade. O solo irrigado foi classificado como Chernossolo Háplico carbonático saprolítico, por apresentar horizonte A chernozênico seguido de horizonte B incipiente e possuir argila de atividade alta.
Costa, Priscilla Alves da. "PedogÃnese de um solo calcÃrio e alteraÃÃes de seus atributos em resposta a irrigaÃÃo". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11143.
Texto completoWater is a priceless natural resource. More than an essential input to production is a strategic resource for economic development. The semiarid region, as well as the rest of the world, suffer more with climate change associated with global warming. These climate changes have impacts on both supply and demand for water in this region. In northeastern Brazil, where there is an uneven distribution of rainfall, agricultural production is substantially improved through the use of irrigation. The adoption of the use of irrigation in these semiarid regions leads to changes in soil moisture regime and may even change its properties and processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects during 23 years of irrigation on calcareous soils in semiarid CearÃ, with emphasis on the study of pedogenetic changes provided by this practice. The areas chosen for study are located in Chapada do Apodi located in the city of Limoeiro do Norte - Ce. 8 amostrgens were performed in each area (in the irrigated area and the area outside and adjacent to the pivot). Subsequently, in each of the areas, trenches were opened to perform the morphological descriptions and collected soil samples for physical characterization, chemical, mineralogical and micromorphological. The results indicate significant differences have occurred in the irrigated area compared to non-irrigated area, and verified the increased dissolution of CaCO3 and increased levels of calcium, sodium and phosphorus. Furthermore, the flooded soil has changed its physical characteristics, and found an increase in density of particles decreased permeability of the soil air and the formation of pores less continuous. The analysis results showed that the profiles of 23 years of irrigation had effect on irrigated soil, making it more evolved in comparison to non-irrigated, it was verified by the results obtained in morphology with increasing soil thickness in physics with a lower silt / clay ratio and higher clay content in soil, mineralogy with evidence of increased neoformation of kaolinite and interstratified minerals, in micromorphology with the highest degree of pedalidade. The irrigated soil was classified as Chernosol by presenting chernozÃnico horizon followed by an incipient B horizon and possess high activity clay.
Reynolds, Lindsay. "Soil 14CO2 Source Apportionment for Biodegradation in Contaminated Soils in Permafrost Climates: A Novel Technique for Rapid Sample Collection by Barium Carbonate Precipitation". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39130.
Texto completoTaque, Manuel. "Estudo da reatividade e do poder neutralizante de distintas fontes do carbonato de cálcio para fins de aquicultura". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/128914.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a reatividade e o poder neutralizante de diferentes fontes de carbonato de cálcio comercializados no Estado de Santa Catarina (SC) para o aumento da alcalinidade da água doce e para a correção da acidez dos solos em aquicultura. Foram testadas três marcas de calcário durante 48 dias com três repetições cada, incubados em solos com baixos valores pH obtidos na cidade de Lages no Estado de SC, usando a metodologia SMP, sendo que a eficiência dos corretivos foi determinada com base no Poder Neutralizante (PN), Reatividade (RE) e Poder Relativo de Neutralização Total (PRNT). A alcalinidade foi determinada através do processo de neutralização acido/base usando ácido sulfúrico (H2SO4) 0.01 mol/L, e com o uso de indicadores ácido-base. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P<0,05) no PN, RE e PRNT entre os corretivos, ou seja, os corretivos apresentaram diferenças na capacidade potencial de neutralizar a acidez dos solos e na velocidade de ação quando em contato com o solo. O pH do solo incubado com estes corretivos teve diferenças significativas (P<0,05). O corretivo A permitiu elevar o pH do solo de 4,2 para aproximadamente 7,0 num período de 8 dias, o corretivo B dentro de 32 dias e o corretivo C num período 48 dias. A origem e o tipo de calcário mostraram diferenças na velocidade e capacidade de elevar o pH ao nível desejado, por outro lado, os produtos A, B e C foram capazes de produzir um aumento significativo na alcalinidade da água, porém não diferentes em termos estatísticos, sendo que o produto A produziu uma alcalinidade significativamente menor que os demais. As três marcas de corretivos comercializados no Estado de SC demonstraram a possibilidade para corrigir a acidez solos e elevação da alcalinidade, embora duas marcas possam ser indicadas na calagem e correção da alcalinidade da água em viveiros de aquicultura.
Tournadour, Elsa. "Architecture et dynamique sédimentaire d'une pente carbonatée moderne : exemple de la pente nord de Little Bahama Bank (LBB), Bahamas". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0201/document.
Texto completoThis study focuses on the architectures and the sedimentary dynamic of a carbonate slope located on the northern part of Little Bahama Bank (Bahamas) using a dataset composed of multibeam echo sounder,subbottom profiler (Chirp) and High-Resolution (HR) multichannel seismic collected during the Carambar 1cruise (2010). A morpho-sedimentary surface analysis defines the physiographic domains and the architectural elements of the slope and investigates the spatial distribution of sediments in the context of the current sea-level highstand. It reveals a slope dominated by periplatform ooze with several levels of induration and incised by numerous slides and submarine canyons. The spatial variability of off-bank transport, combined with the lateral variability of the Antilles Current intensity, are at the origin of a morphological evolution from west to east in the study area. In the western part, the slope is around twice as large as the eastern part and can be considered as a prograding system. The eastern slope is marked by bypass processes. Indeed, numerous submarine canyons are visible on the seafloor and are connected to several shallow distributary furrows feeding confined depositional areas. An integrated study allows a high resolution characterisation of slides and submarines canyons and enables us to propose a model of formation. These architectural elements are initiated by intra-slope destabilisations and their evolution is controlled by phases of retrogressive erosion,pelagic sedimentation and muddy gravity flows. Finally, a seismo-stratigraphic analysis allow to reconstitutethe tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the slope since the Albian to the present-day by establishing a link with the geodynamic context of Caraïbes, relative sea-level changes and the carbonate production on the platform
Durot, Nathalie. "Destructuration des parois végétales par le carbonate et les métaux de transition: une étude modèle sur la dégradation abiotique de la paille en sols de craie et sur l'incorporation de pesticides aux lignines". Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMS003.
Texto completoDupuy, Carole. "Modification de surface du carbonate de calcium par des organosilanes". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20134.
Texto completoZubtsov, Sergey. "Etudes expérimentales de la déformation des roches carbonatées par dissolution cristallisation sous contrainte". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744993.
Texto completoArmfield, Jesse. "Combining Observations Of Soils And Streams To Investigate Trends Caused By Reduced Acid Depositon In The Sleepers River Watershed". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/956.
Texto completoCarvalho, Maria da Conceição Santana. "Sulfato de cálcio, fosfogesso e carbonato de cálcio na melhoria do ambiente radicular de subsolos ácidos". Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-20181127-160440/.
Texto completonot available