Tesis sobre el tema "Solar thermal HVAC technologies"
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SERALE, GIANLUCA. "Innovative solar energy technologies and control algorithms for enhancing demand-side management in buildings". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2711298.
Texto completoJung, Wooyoung. "Decentralized HVAC Operations: Novel Sensing Technologies and Control for Human-Aware HVAC Operations". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97600.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy
With vision of a smart built environment, capable of understanding the contextual dynamics of built environment and adaptively adjusting its operation, this dissertation contributes to context-aware/decentralized HVAC operations. Three key contributions in realization of this goal include: (1) a systematic review of research trends and developments in the last decade, (2) enhancing the feasibility of quantifying personal thermal comfort by presenting novel sensing solutions, and (3) a comprehensive assessment of energy efficiency implications from comfort-aware HVAC operations with the use of personal comfort models. Starting from identifying two major modalities of context-aware HVAC operations, occupancy-driven and comfort-aware, the first part of this dissertation presents a quantitative and qualitative review and synthesis of the developments, trends, and remaining research questions in each modality. Field evaluation studies using occupancy-driven operations have shown median energy savings between 6% and 15% depending on the control approach. On the other hand, the comfort-aware HVAC operations have shown 20% energy savings, which were mainly derived from small-scale test beds in similar climate regions. From a qualitative technology development standpoint, the maturity of occupancy-driven technologies for field deployment could be interpreted to be higher than comfort-aware technologies while the latter has shown higher potentials. Moreover, by learning from the need for comparing different methods of operations, required data schemas have been proposed to foster better benchmarking and effective performance assessment across studies. The second part of this dissertation contributes to the cornerstone of comfort-aware operations by introducing novel physiological sensing solutions. Previous studies demonstrated that, in predicting individual's thermal comfort states, using physiological data in model development plays a key role in increasing accuracy (>90%). However, available sensing technologies in this context have been limited. Hence, after identifying essential characteristics for sensing solutions (applicability, sensitivity, ubiquity, and non-intrusiveness), the potentials of RGB cameras, heat flux sensors, and Doppler radar sensors were evaluated. RGB cameras, available in many smart devices, could be programmed to measure the level of blood flow to skin, regulated by the human thermoregulation mechanism. Accordingly, two thermoregulation states' quantification methods by using RGB video images have been developed and assessed under two experimental studies: (i) capturing subjects' facial videos in two opposite temperatures with sufficient acclimation time (20 and 30C), and (ii) capturing facial videos when subjects changed their thermal sensations in a continuous variation of air temperature from 20 to 30C. Promising results were observed in both situations. The first study had subjects and 16 of them showed an increasing trend in blood flow to skin. In the second study, posing more challenges due to insufficient acclimation time, 10 subjects had a positive correlation between the level of blood flow to skin with thermal sensation. With the assumption that heat flux sensing will be a better reflection of thermoregulation sates, a machine learning framework was developed and tested. The use of heat flux sensing showed an accuracy of 97% with an almost 4% improvement compared to skin temperature. Lastly, Doppler radar sensors were evaluated for their capability of quantifying thermoregulation states by detecting changes in breathing patterns. In an experimental study, the results showed that, with sufficient acclimation time, the DRS-based approach could show distinction between respiration states for two distinct air temperatures (20 and 30C). However, using a transient temperature was proven to be more challenging. It was noted that for some of the human subjects (38.9%), respiration was detected as an active means of heat exchange. It was concluded that specialized artifact removal algorithms might help improve the detection rate. The third component of the dissertation contributed by studying the performance of comfort-driven operations (i.e., using personal comfort preferences for HVAC operations) under a diverse set of contextual and operational factors. Diverse scenarios for interaction between occupants and building systems were evaluated by using different numbers and combinations of occupants, and it was demonstrated that an approach of addressing individual's thermal comfort sensitivity (personal thermal-comfort-related responses to temperature changes) outperforms other approaches solely focusing on individual preferred temperatures. The energy efficiency implications of comfort-driven operations were then evaluated by accounting for the impact of human and building factors (e.g., number of thermal zones) and their combinations. The results showed that characteristics of occupants' thermal comfort profiles are dominant in driving the energy use patterns, followed by the number of occupants, and operational strategies. As one of the main outcomes of this study, the energy saving and efficiency (energy use for comfort improvement) potentials and probabilistic bounds of comfort-driven operations were identified. It was shown that keeping the number of occupants low (under 6) in a thermal zone/building, boosts the energy saving potentials of comfort-driven operations. These series of studies have been presented as seven journal articles, included in this dissertation.
Yagoub, Waleed. "Exploitation of solar thermal technologies using a novel heat pipe design". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404043.
Texto completoPietruschka, Dirk. "Model based control optimisation of renewable energy based HVAC Systems". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4022.
Texto completoLiu, Xiaogang M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Implementations of electric vehicle system based on solar energy in Singapore assessment of solar thermal technologies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54558.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-150).
To build an electric car plus renewable energy system for Singapore, solar thermal technologies were investigated in this report in the hope to find a suitable "green" energy source for this small island country. Among all existing solar thermal technologies, parabolic trough power plants represent a well established technology with more than twenty years of operation experiences. This report reviewed recent progress of research in this field. It was found that significant progresses have been made in solar collector, heat transfer fluid and thermal storage. An economic assessment of the parabolic trough power plant technology was also carried out. By comparing a parabolic trough power plant and a concentrating photovoltaic solar farm, both advantages and limitations of these plants were indentified. Based on these findings, the niche market for parabolic trough power plants was analyzed. It was found that in the next few years, the deployment of parabolic trough plants would mainly occur in south-western U.S. and Mediterranean countries. However, it was found that concentrating solar thermal technologies were not suitable for Singapore, due to this country's limited land and high fraction of diffuse solar radiation. Therefore, PV technology was selected as a "clean" energy source. Based on PV electricity, a few electric vehicle (XEV) models were developed and evaluated.
by Xiaogang Liu.
M.Eng.
Ampatzi, Eleni. "Potential for solar thermal technologies and thermal energy storage to reduce the energy use from Welsh housing". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55906/.
Texto completoBlumer, Zak H. "Synthesis of Plasmonic Titanium Nitride Structures to Increase Efficiency in Solar Thermal Technologies". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524833073448935.
Texto completoRenk, Douglas Frank. "Integrating technologies in the biodiesel process coupling ultrasonication, solar thermal energy and anaerobic digestion of coproducts". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041354.
Texto completoKamal, Rajeev. "Optimization and Performance Study of Select Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning Technologies for Commercial Buildings". Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6656.
Texto completoMunich, Chad Thomas. "Modeling of the Thermal Output of a Flat Plate Solar Collector". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293541.
Texto completoPierce, Warrick Tait. "Solar assisted power generation (SAPG) : investigation of solar preheating of feedwater". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80139.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Solar Assisted Power Generation (SAPG) can be seen as a synergy of solar and fossil plants – combining the environmental benefits of the former and the scale, efficiency and reliability of the latter. SAPG offers great potential for cost effective utilization of solar energy on utility scale and could accelerate the adoption of solar thermal energy technologies in the short and medium term, especially in countries with a significant coal base and a good solar resource such as Australia, China, United States, India and South Africa. SAPG is the replacement of bled-off steam in a Regenerative Rankine power cycle. Power plant simulations were performed using weather data for Lephalale, South Africa (Matimba power station). With an increase in the solar field outlet temperature, an increase in overall solar to electric efficiency was observed, superior to a stand-alone Solar Thermal Power Plant(s) (STPP) at similar temperatures. The performance of four solar collector technologies was compared: flat plate, evacuated tube, Linear Fresnel (LF) and Parabolic Trough (PT). This comparison was limited to the normal incidence angles of irradiation. For this application, nonconcentrating technologies are not competitive. For non-normal incidence angles, annual simulations were limited to PT and LF at final feedwater heater temperatures. The actual aperture area of around 80 000 m2 was used (50 MW thermal based on LF). On an equal aperture area basis, PT outperforms LF significantly. For the conventional North-South arrangement, LF needs to be around 53% of the specific installation cost (in $/m2 aperture area) of PT to be cost competitive. A SAPG plant at Lephalale was compared to a stand-alone Solar Thermal Power Plant STPP in a good solar resource area, namely Upington, South Africa – Parabolic Trough solar collector fields of equal size were considered for both configurations. It was found that the annual electricity generated with a SAPG plant is more than 25% greater than a stand-alone STPP. If the cost of SAPG is taken as 72% of the cost of a stand-alone STPP, this translates into SAPG being 1.8 times more cost effective than stand-alone STPP. Furthermore, SAPG performs better in high electricity demand months (South African winter – May to August). Stand-alone STPP have been adopted in South Africa and are currently being built. This was achieved by the government creating an attractive environment for Independent Power Producers (IPP). Eskom, the national power supplier, is currently investigating solar boosting at existing Eskom sites. This report argues that on a national level, SAPG, specifically solar preheating of feedwater, is a more viable solution for South Africa, with both its significant coal base and good solar resource.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Son ondersteunde krag generasie (SOKG) kan gesien word as sinergie van sonkrag en fossiele brandstof aanlegte – dit voeg die omgewings voordele van die eersgenoemde en die grote, effektiwiteit en betroubaarheid van die laasgenoemde by mekaar. SOKG opper groot potensiaal vir koste effektiewe gebruik van son energie op nutsmaatskappyskaal en kan die aanvaarding van sontermiese energietegnologieë in die kort en medium termyn versnel, veral in lande met beduidende kool reserwes en goeie sonkrag voorkoms soos Australië, China, Verenigde State van Amerika, Indië en Suid-Afrika. SOKG impliseer die vervanging van aftap stoom in die regeneratiewe Rankine krag kringloop. Kragstasie simulasies was gedoen met die gebruik van weer data van Lephalale, Suid-Afrika (Matimba kragstasie). Met die toename van die sonveld uitlaat temperatuur kon oorhoofse son-na-elektrisiteit effektiwiteit vasgestel word, wat hoër is as die van alleenstaande sontermiese krag stasie (STKS) by soortgelyke temperature. Die effektiwiteit van vier son kollekteerder tegnologieë was vergelyk: plat plaat, vakuum buis, lineêre Fresnel (LF) en paraboliese trog (PT). Die vergelyking was beperk tot normale inval van bestraling. Vir hierdie toepassing is nie-konsentreerende tegnologie nie mededingend nie. Vir nie-normale inval hoeke was jaarlange simulasies beperk tot PT en LF by finale voedingswater temperatuur. Die werklike opening area van omtrent 80 000 m2 was gebruik (50 MW termies gebaseer op LF). By gelyke opening area, uitpresteer PT LF beduidend. Vir die gebruiklike Noord-Suid rankskikking benodig LF omtrent 53% van die spesifieke installasie kostes (in $/m2 opening area) van PT om kostes mededingend te kan wees. ‘n SOKG aanleg by Lephalale was vergelyk met alleenstaande STKS in die goeie son voorkoms gebied van Upington, Suid-Afrika – Paraboliese trog kollekteerder velde van gelyke grote was oorweeg vir al twee konfigurasies. Dit was gevind dat die jaarlikse elektrisiteit gegenereer vanaf SOKG meer as 25% is as die van alleenstaande STKS. Indien SOKG oorweeg word met 72% van die kostes van alleenstaande STKS, dan beteken dit dat SOKG 1.8 keer meer koste effektief is as alleenstade STKS. Verder, SOKG presteer beter in die hoer elektrisiteitsnavraag maande (Suid- Afrikaanse winter – May tot Augustus). Alleenstaande STKS is gekies vir Suid-Afrika en word tans gebou. Dit is bereik deur dat die regering ‘n aantreklike omgewing geskep het vir onafhanglike krag produsente. Eskom ondersoek tans SOKG by bestaande Eskom persele. Hierdie verslag beweer dat op nasionale/Eskom vlak, SOKG, besonders son voorverhitting van voedingswater, meer haalbare oplossing is vir Suid-Afrika met sy beduidende koolreserwes en goeie son voorkoms.
Sankar, Chidambaram y Mana Mohan Muniraja. "Study of Solar Thermal Energy in the Industrial Sector : Case on multinational companies in India". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-423194.
Texto completoAnandarao, Venkatesh y Sukrit Reddy Bandi. "Factors affecting the adoption of solar thermal technology : A study on Food and Chemical Industries". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447169.
Texto completoFlorides, Georgios A. "Investigations into the effectiveness of measures to reduce the energy requirements of domestic dwellings in Cyprus". Thesis, Brunel University, 2001. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7881.
Texto completoTurk, Mustafa. "Substituting Natural Gas with Solar Energy in Industrial Heating Applications : A Multiple Case Study within Italy and Spain". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447350.
Texto completoAbu, Qadourah Jenan [Verfasser], Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Nytsch-Geusen, Christoph [Gutachter] Nytsch-Geusen y Christoph [Gutachter] Gengnagel. "Architectural integration of photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies in multi-family residential buildings in the Mediterranean area / Jenan Abu Qadourah ; Gutachter: Christoph Nytsch-Geusen, Christoph Gengnagel ; Betreuer: Christoph Nytsch-Geusen". Berlin : Universität der Künste Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215340222/34.
Texto completoElakanti, Ranjith Reddy y Rajaneesh Kumar Singh. "Sustainability and Diffusion of SolarThermal Technology : A case study on brewery and mining industries". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448042.
Texto completoBarretto, Rubia da Eucaristia. "Modelo conceitual de identificação e qualificação de risco dedicado a arquitetura residencial que utiliza tecnologias com aproveitamento da energia solar: uma abordagem na sistemografia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-10072014-143908/.
Texto completoThe increasing use of solar energy technologies in the residential sector brings new challenges to professionals who work in the field of design, such as the need to restructure their mindset regarding to the conception and to the development of design, in order to ensure the performance and the efficiency of safe building systems. In this context, this thesis main goal is to propose a conceptual model for the identification and qualification of risk within residential architecture that uses solar energy technologies based on systemography. It\'s an investigative and experimental research, considering aspects related to: meet the demands of safety in use, the knowledge construction and how those could be managed. The experimental development was carried out during the process of design, production, assembly, use and operation of a prototype named Ekó House. The applied method has encompassed four stages: 1) Exploratory - bibliographic research about technologies, codes, rules and design practices; 2) Definitions - the choice of the theoretical basis to ground the model; 3) Development - propositions and experiments and 4) Proofing and consolidation. In order to verify the model it was carried out a test wherewith is possible to perform a validation by analytical generalization, that is, expand and generalize the theory. The proposed model, which represents an innovation in sistemography field, was based on LE MOIGNES\'s Systemic Theory. This Theory enabled the implementation in complex systems, using information, decision and operating processors which condition the design systemic integration. The results obtained by the research show that the model: a) incorporates knowledge, thus, being helpful along the decision-making process; b) eases the understanding and the overview of the diverse information needed by the design; c) formalizes a logic of design conception and development; d) xvii organizes and prioritizes the design technical recommendations [rules and manufacturers]; e) is able to promote an interference in the system\'s organization and coordination in space and also in its relation to functionality and aesthetics; it also f) guides the use of more suitable configurations to the design development. The model presents itself as a tool that is capable of reducing misuse of standards, conflicts between building systems, Technologies and architecture, as well as design failures that compromise safety in use.
Ma, Chenwen. "Retrofitting a Single-family Home with Increased Use of Renewable Energy". Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215962.
Texto completoWahl, Emma. "Buildings in Arid Desert Climate : Improving Energy Efficiency with Measures on the Building Envelope". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62703.
Texto completoPå grund av det hårda klimatet i Saudiarabien, konsumerar bostadshus mer än hälften av den totala energi som förbrukas. En stor del av den förbrukade energin går till luftkonditionering. Kylningen av byggnader är ett stort miljöproblem i många länder i Mellanöstern, särskilt eftersom elektriciteten till stor del är helt beroende av förbränning av fossila bränslen. Syftet med denna studie är att få en tydligare bild av hur olika åtgärder på klimatskalet påverkar byggnaders energiförbrukning. Tanken är att resultaten ska kunna användas som ett hjälpmedel vid design av mer energieffektiva byggnader i Mellanöstern. I denna studie är olika energieffektivitetsåtgärder utvärderade med hjälp av energisimuleringar i IDA ICE 4.7 för att undersöka hur mycket energi som kan sparas genom att modifiera klimatskalet. Ett bostadshus med 247 m2 golvyta i två våningar används för simuleringarna. De åtgärder som övervägs är; modifieringar av ytterväggar, modifiering av tak, fönstertyp, fönster area/ distribution, modifiering av fundamentet, skuggning, ytskikt, infiltration och köldbryggor. Alla åtgärder jämförs mot ett Base Case där klimatskalet är inställt för att likna en typisk bostad i Saudiarabiens. Först undersöks alla åtgärder en åt gången. Därefter undersöks kombinationer av de studerade åtgärderna, baserat på resultat från simuleringar av enskilda åtgärder. Alla simuleringar utförs för två städer i Saudiarabien, både med torrt ökenklimat. Riyadh (inlandet) med måttligt kalla vintrar och Jeddah (västkusten) med mild vinter. Resultatet från simuleringar av enskilda åtgärder visar högst energibesparing när fönstertypen byts ut från enkelt klarglas till dubbelt reflekterande glas. Med byte av fönstertyp sparas upp till 27 % energi (uppvärmning och kylning) i Riyadh och 21 % i Jeddah. Att isolera taket sparar upp till 23 % och 21 % för Riyadh respektive Jeddah. Förbättrat värmemotstånd i ytterväggarna resulterar i upp till 21 % energibesparing i Riyadh och endast 11 % i Jeddah. Minskning av fönsterarean från 28 % av väggytan till 10 % och omplacering av fönsterna ger19 % (Riyadh) och 17 % (Jeddah) energibesparingar. Solavskärmning med hjälp av fasta skärmtak och fenor sparar 8 % (Riyadh) och 13 % energi (Jeddah) när de är dimensionerad för maximalt kylbehovet. Använda ljus/reflekterande yta på taket sparar upp till 9 % (Riyadh) och 17 % (Jeddah) när taket är oisolerad. För ytterväggar, sparar ljust/reflekterande ytskikt upp till 5 % (Riyadh) och 10 % (Jeddah) när väggarna är oisolerad. De övriga enskilda åtgärderna som undersökts visar mindre än 7 % energibesparing. Resultaten för kombinerade åtgärder visar högst energibesparingar för två kombinerade åtgärder när ytterväggens värmemotstånd förbättras tillsammans med mindre fönsterarea och ändrad fönsterplacering. De två åtgärderna sparar upp till 52 % energi i Riyadh och 39 % i Jeddah. När tre åtgärder utförs, fås den högsta energibesparingen med de två åtgärderna ovan med tillägg av förbättrade fönster med lägre u-värde och högre reflektants. Tillsammans resulterar de tre åtgärderna i en energibesparing upp till 62 % för Riyadh och 48 % för Jeddah. När man lägger till en fjärde åtgärd, fås den högsta besparingen med tillägg av förbättrat u-värde på grunden till de tre tidigare åtgärderna. De fyra åtgärderna sparar upp till 71 % energi i Riyadh och 54 % i Jeddah. Tillämpning av alla åtgärder på klimatskalet resulterar i 78 % (Riyadh) och 62 % (Jeddah) energibesparing. Betydlig reducering av energianvändningen kan uppnås med åtgärder på byggnadens klimatskal. Stora besparingar fås med endast 50 – 100 mm isolering i ytterväggar och tak. Att minska fönsterarean och förbättra fönsternas u-värde och reflektivitet bidrar till stora energibesparingar. Besparingarna som fås vid solavskärmning och reflektiva ytor på tak och väggar minskar signifikant när taket och ytterväggarna isoleras. Alla åtgärder som förbättrar u-värdet på klimatskalet har en större inverkan i Riyadh än i Jeddah på grund av att en större andel av total uppvärmning och kylning upptas av kylning av inkommande luft i ventilationen. Energin som behövs för att kyla inkommande luft påverkas inte nämnvärt av åtgärderna på klimatskalet. För att optimera energibesparingarna ytterligare, bör åtgärder på klimatskalets övervägas tillsammans med energieffektivitetsåtgärder av ventilationen.
Godbole, Swapnil. "Investigating The Relationship Between Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) And Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) : A case study in a University building". Thesis, KTH, Installations- och energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235927.
Texto completoTermisk komfort inomhusmiljö är till stor del beroende av de fyra miljö och två personlig parametrar som oftast mäts av Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) modell som utvecklats av Fanger. Det har studerats att variationer i dessa parametrar utanför en limit kan leda till missnöjeklagomål. Däremot har lite forskning gjorts på effekten av mean radiant tempratur och dess inverkan på predicted mean vote och termisk komfort speciellt i en verklig byggnadsmiljö. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan mean radiant tempratur och predicted mean vote i inomhusmiljö. Användning mätmetoderna av inomhusmiljöparametrar och subjektiva röster av termisk komfort uppfattning i en byggnad för utbildning; det konstaterades att stiga i medel leda mean radiant tempratur att stiga i predicted mean vote värde och missnöje rösta bland byggnad brukarna sitter nära glasfasaden. En väldigt positiv korrelation mellan men radiant tempratur och predicted mean vote nära en fönstersida under varma och soliga väder var noterat. Genom att analysera data av inomhusmiljön från de multipla mätningssessionerna konkluderat att ökningen i mean radiant tempratur och predicted mean vote inte märktes tills det fanns en direkt soltransmission genom fönstret. Det är rekommenderar att använda solskydd på fönster, men med tanke på kompromisser mellan energiförbrukning (värme eller kyla) och ljussättning konsumtion. Inga slutsatser kan göras om luftdrag på fotled grund av experimentella begränsningar och mer forskning skulle krävas för att undersöka detta fenomen.
Graziani, Alessandro. "Methods and tools for the optimization of renewable technologies and hybrid energy systems. Metodi e strumenti per l'ottimizzazione di tecnologie rinnovabili e sistemi energetici ibridi". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423884.
Texto completoIl progetto delle Nazioni Unite "Sustainable energy for all" ha fissato tre obiettivi ambiziosi per favorire uno sviluppo sostenibile e limitare l'impatto del cambiamento climatico: - Accesso universale a moderni servizi elettrici. Tali servizi sono attualmente indisponibili per circa 1.3 miliardi di persone ed è previsto un aumento del 40% della domanda globale di energia elettrica entro il 2040, a causa dell'incremento della popolazione mondiale e delle economie in crescita nei paesi in via di sviluppo - Raddoppio del tasso globale di miglioramento dell'efficienza energetica - Raddoppio del contributo di fonti di tipo rinnovabile nel mix energetico globale Inoltre, lo scenario climatico proposto nel "fifth assessment report (AR5)" redatto da "International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)" stabilisce la necessità di ridurre l'emissione di gas ad effetto serra del 40-70%, rispetto ai valori registrati nel 2010, entro il 2050 ed eliminarli in modo quasi definitivo entro la fine del secolo con lo scopo di evitare effetti climatici indesiderati. Il raggiungimento di tali obiettivi richiede e incoraggia la diffusione di fonti energetiche rinnovabili (FER) all'interno del mix energetico globale, rimpiazzando gradualmente le fonti di energia convenzionali basate su combustibili fossili, inquinanti e in via di esaurimento, che hanno ancora l'incidenza principale nel settore energetico. A seguito nel loro sviluppo tecnologico e la crescente competitività nel mercato, le FER rivestono già un ruolo fondamentale nel mix energetico di numerose Nazioni ricoprendo il 22.1% del fabbisogno globale di energia nel 2013 e mostrando un andamento in rialzo nel 2014 (REN, 2014). Tuttavia, sono ancora cruciali politiche di supporto, ingenti investimenti privati e contributi della comunità scientifica per dimostrare l'efficacia e la sostenibilità tecnica ed economica delle FER e favorire, quindi, una loro diffusione in larga scala. In questo contesto, la seguente tesi di dottorato è rivolta allo studio, progettazione e sviluppo di metodi e strumenti per l'ottimizzazione e la valorizzazione di tecnologie energetiche rinnovabili e la loro integrazione efficace con fonti di produzione di energia convenzionali alimentate da combustibili fossili e sistemi di accumulo di energia (Sistemi energetici di tipo ibrido). I contributi scientifici disponibili in letteratura e l'analisi dei diversi scenari e delle prospettive delle FER nei vari contesti nazionali ed internazionali hanno dimostrato che la loro sostenibilità economica, e quindi la loro diffusione, è strettamente legata ad una serie di parametri tecnici, economico / finanziari e geografici. Tali parametri sono stati impiegati come input in due modelli analitici sviluppati per la progettazione tecnico-economica di impianti fotovoltaici (FV) e micro turbine eoliche e applicati per lo studio della loro fattibilità economica, attraverso analisi multi-scenario, in alcuni dei maggiori Paesi Europei. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato come l'autoconsumo dell'energia prodotta rivesta un ruolo fondamentale nella redditività economica dei citati impianti ed, in particolare, a seguito del taglio parziale o totale dei sistemi di incentivazione e l'incertezza attorno alle politiche di supporto all'interno del panorama Europeo. Lo studio specifico del profilo di domanda elettrica delle utenze e l'impiego di sistemi di accumulo di energia sono stati identificati come strategie efficaci al fine di incrementare la quota di autoconsumo. Tali considerazioni hanno portato allo sviluppo di un modello analitico utile alla progettazione tecnico-economica un sistema energetico ibrido connesso alla rete Nazionale integrante un impianto FV e un sistema di accumulo a batterie. La redditività del sistema, valutata su un caso reale, risulta comparabile a un impianto fotovoltaico privo di batterie in caso di un gap significativo tra il costo dell'energia elettrica acquistata dalla rete e il prezzo di vendita dell'energia elettrica ceduta in rete. Tuttavia, gli elevati costi dovuti all'acquisto iniziale e alle attività di manutenzione, e l'eventuale incentivazione sulla vendita dell'energia in rete, non rendono l'investimento particolarmente attrattivo per impianti connessi alla rete. L'attenzione si è quindi rivolta all'analisi tecnico-economica di sistemi energetici ibridi non connessi alla rete, comunemente definiti in isola o off-grid, per soddisfare il fabbisogno energetico di utenti in area remote e quindi prive di allaccio a una rete elettrica. In tali sistemi, i sistemi di accumulo a batterie, oltre alla capacità di accumulo dell'energia prodotta in eccesso variabili e intermittenti FER, hanno funzioni fondamentali nella gestione del sistema stesso. L'attività è stata anche rafforzata da un'applicazione industriale per la configurazione, test e installazione di due sistemi energetici ibridi in isola impiegati per soddisfare il fabbisogno energetico di un villaggio e di un sistema di telecomunicazione situati in aree remote. In parallelo, sono state svolte due attività sperimentali applicate alla promettente, ma non ancora completamente sviluppata a livello industriale, tecnologia solare a concentrazione. La prima attività riguarda la progettazione, sviluppo e test sperimentali di un prototipo in scala ridotta di concentratore solare a lenti di Fresnel per la produzione distribuita di energia elettrica, mediante l'uso di celle fotovoltaiche multi giunzione, ed energia termica a bassa temperatura, tramite un sistema di recupero termico. La seconda attività concerne lo sviluppo e test sperimentali di un prototipo di sistema di accumulo termico per impianti termodinamici alimentati da sistemi a concentrazione solare. Il sistema di accumulo consente di compensare la natura intermittente e variabile della fonte solare incrementando le ore di funzionamento dell'impianto termodinamico con i conseguenti benefici economici. Concludendo, la presente tesi di dottorato include la descrizione di metodi e strumenti per l'ottimizzazione e valorizzazione delle FER. I risultati evidenziano le criticità e potenzialità dei sistemi studiati con lo scopo di contribuire a una loro diffusione e favorire uno sviluppo sostenibile
Monfors, Lisa y Corinne Morell. "Byggnadsutformning för ett framtida varmare klimat : Klimatscenariers påverkan på energianvändning och termisk komfort i ett flerbostadshus och alternativa byggnadsutformningar för att förbättra resultatet". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-79953.
Texto completoWhen buildings are designed climate files from 1981 to 2010 are used to construct the building and its energy system. This leads to building being designed to a climate that has been and not to a future warmer climate that will come. SMHI has developed different climate scenarios for the future that describe different paths the climate can take depending on continued emissions of greenhouse gas. This climate scenarios are called RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) In this study two of the climate scenarios, RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 are used. The number in the name stands for the radiation forcing that is expected in the year 2100. In RCP4,5 the mean average air temperature will increase with 3 °C until year 2100 compared to the reference period 1961-1990. In the same time period RCP8,5 will increase with 5 °C. An apartment building certified according to Miljöbyggnad 2.2 level silver placed in Vallentuna, Stockholms län is used as a reference building. The building is simulated through the simulation software program IDA ICE where it´s exposed to RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The results demonstrate that the reference building would not meet Miljöbyggnad 2.2 requirement in the indicator about thermal comfort during summer. The operative temperature in the building is too high unless comfort cooling is used. The design of the building changes to see what factors can improve the results regarding the thermal comfort. The results demonstrate that thermal conductivity and solar shading has the greatest impact on thermal comfort. In this study several combinations of different building designs were made. Only the combination of a concrete frame with windows with low g-value met the requirement of Miljöbyggnad 2.2 regarding the thermal comfort during summer without using comfort cooling in RCP4,5 and RCP8,5. The combination had the lowest energy demand in RCP8,5 of all the combinations tested in the study. A combination of cross laminated wood frame with low U-value, windows with low g-value and comfort cooling had the lowest energy demand in the original climate file and RCP4,5 despite the use of comfort cooling. The questing about which building construction is the best from a sustainable perspective is difficult to answer. To answer that question the building´s total climate footprint in both production and use must be calculated. Regardless of the choice of building construction it is important to have in mind when designing a building that comfort cooling and solar shading should be easily applied when a warmer climate will prevail.
Pyndzyn, Alex. "Adoption of Solar Thermal into District Heating Systems". Thesis, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445625.
Texto completoKaniyal, Ashok Athreya. "Lowering the barriers to developing thermal renewable energy technologies". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/116807.
Texto completoThesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering, 2016
Tempies, Jonathan C. "A technical evaluation of concentrating solar thermal power generation technologies for the Upington area of South Africa". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8985.
Texto completoThesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
Martins, Mário Jorge de Freitas. "Comparative economic analysis of different solar energy technologies for domestic hot water production". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/32151.
Texto completoEste trabalho tem como objetivo efetuar uma análise económica comparativa entre diferentes sistemas de produção de água quente sanitária: aquecedor elétrico convencional, sistema solar térmico e um sistema fotovoltaico. Os sistemas foram analisados para duas localizações em Portugal, diferentes necessidades diárias de água quente e sob diferentes condições económicas. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de simulação TRNSYS para cada sistema e validado com dados experimentais ou simulados da literatura. Foi efetuada uma análise paramétrica de modo a avaliar o impacto do aumento do número de painéis e capacidade de armazenamento de água no desempenho e esses resultados foram usados numa análise económica a fim de determinar a sua viabilidade económica considerando diferentes indicadores económicos, em conjunto com uma análise de sensibilidade para estudar o impacto do preço da eletricidade, taxa de desconto e inflação do preço da eletricidade na viabilidade dos sistemas solares de produção de água quente. Os resultados mostraram que um sistema de produção de água quente fotovoltaico é melhor que o sistema solar térmico do ponto de vista económico devido a um menor custo de investimento e menor manutenção. Um sistema solar térmico tem melhor desempenho devido à maior eficiência na conversão de energia solar para calor. As condições económicas e perfil de consumo de água quente sanitária têm um grande impacto na viabilidade económica destes investimentos visto que, para preços baixos e pouca necessidade de água quente, um sistema solar térmico pode ter um valor atual líquido negativo e períodos de retorno de investimento muito elevados que normalmente são inaceitáveis.
Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
"Development of Deformable Electronics using Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) based Fabrication Technologies". Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.26797.
Texto completoDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2014
"Thermally Driven Technologies for Atmospheric Water Capture to Provide Decentralized Drinking Water". Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57016.
Texto completoDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2020
Myrans, Katharine. "Comparative Energy and Carbon Assessment of Three Green Technologies for a Toronto Roof". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/18905.
Texto completoPeiró, García Juan Miguel. "Experiência profissional na Active Space Technologies". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/18444.
Texto completo(9787031), Ashfaque Chowdhury. "Computational assessment of building system performance: Improved energy efficiency and thermal comfortability for the future". Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Computational_assessment_of_building_system_performance_Improved_energy_efficiency_and_thermal_comfortability_for_the_future/16910749.
Texto completoCottle, Louis E. "Urban regeneration: Urban renewal through eco-systemic design". Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30058.
Texto completoDissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005.
Architecture
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