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Al-Madhhachi, Hayder. "Solar powered thermoelectric distillation system". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/107598/.
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An efficient thermoelectric distillation system was designed, constructed and tested. The unique aspect of this design is to use the waste heat from the hot side of thermoelectric module for heating of the feed water, to improve the evaporation while using the cold side of the module to cool the condenser and improve the condensation process. The developed thermoelectric distillation system produces 28.5 mL of distilled water (equivalent to 678 mL/m2) over a period of 1 hour. The corresponding electrical energy required for the water production is 0.0324 kWh, which gives a specific energy consumption of 0.00114 kWh/mL. The developed system in this research has significantly lower energy consumption than the existing thermoelectric distillation systems. The transient to steady state behaviour of the developed thermoelectric distillation system was investigated. It was found that the system reaches steady state after approximately three hours of the system operation. The water temperature in evaporation chamber was increased from 22.3 oC to 47.8 oC. Similarly, the vapour temperature was increased moderately from 20.3 oC to 30.4 oC. The steady state water production, humidity, energy consumption and COP of the thermoelectric distillation system were 15.3 mL/h, 81%, 0.0324 kWh and 1.04, respectively. Thermal models have been developed through water-vapour phase-change theory to interpret the evaporation and condensation processes involved in the fresh water production of the thermoelectric distillation system. The first model was related to the evaporation process to determine the vapour production in the system. A theoretical distillation ratio of 12% was obtained, with a predicted water temperature of 42.7 oC. This is in reasonable agreement with the 9.5% value experimentally obtained. The second ii model has been developed for the water condensation process. The developed model can be used for determining the key parameters that control the condensation processes and the system thermal performance. This model shows that the rate of water condensation is dependent upon the convection heat transfer coefficient of the cold-side heat exchanger. The fitted value of the convection heat transfer coefficient in the thermoelectric distillation system is 8 W/m2.K. Key factors that influence the total water production and water production rate have been investigated, including sample water temperature, vapour volume at sample water level, Peltier current and thermoelectric input power. The experimental data shows that an increase in sample water temperature from 30 oC to 60 oC gives a 47 % increase in total water production. Peltier current is demonstrated as a control factor in the design of an effective thermoelectric distillation system. The results show that the total water production increases by 61%, when the volume occupied by the vapour is reduced from 600 cm3 to 400 cm3 by increasing the sample water level from 10 mm to 30 mm in the system. The maximum water production is achieved by increasing sample water temperature and the corresponding optimised input power. Measurements of the distilled water show that it has similar quality to drinkable tap water in terms of pH, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity values. Photovoltaic Geographical Information System was used to estimate the global irradiation per square meter and the solar electricity generation in kWh received by a solar panel in a specific region. Using the experimental prototype, the maximum monthly average water production is 4023.3 mL when using 8.52 kWh of electricity produced during March at the University of Kufa. The minimum average monthly water production is 2970.3 mL using 6.29 kWh of electricity produced during November.
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Mkhize, Mfanafuthi Mthandeni. "Multistage solar still desalination system". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2848.
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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.The present study was centred on the design of a thermal multistage solar still desalination system. The design is a multistage with new configurations such as direct vapour input into each stage using vapour make-up tubes and the integration of a multistage with a basin type solar still. The incorporation of float a valve in the secondary seawater tank to regulate the seawater in the assembly eliminated the need of pumps to the system. The circulation of seawater between the evaporator and the evacuated tube solar collector (ETC) was through the pressure difference and the flow back was controlled through the incorporation of oneway flow valve. The ETC was used as a heat source to supply the thermal energy into the multistage system. The system had no electrical connections and therefore, no forced circulation as no pumps or any electrical components were used. The system consisted of six stages in total, the evaporator supplied the vapour to five of the six stages of the system. The system was tested on the roof of Mechanical Engineering Department and this location was chosen because of less sun’s intensity obstructions. The system was tested for nine (9) days but the distillate collection was not performed for the whole each day. This was due to the controlled access to the roof and the minor repairs that had to occur before the tests were conducted. The duration on which the tests were conducted varied in each day. The data was supposed to be logged from 08h00 am to 18h00 pm but this was not so due to the controlled access to where the tests were conducted. This data logging period was chosen based on the assumptions that the sun’s intensity would be at maximum within this period. The longest period of test was approximately 7 hours and the system managed to produce about 1500 ml and the maximum temperature for the day was 28oC. The system produced a minimum of 225 ml in the space of 3 hours and the temperature of the day was 26oC. The total amount of distillate produced was about 7600 ml and this amount was produced within the period of 49 hours. The 49 hours is equivalent to two days and 1 hour. It is anticipated that the system would have produced more should there be no repairs involved during the tests. The system produced a maximum of 48 ml at night and a minimum of 8ml in some nights. The night tests were not controlled and monitored due to limited access. It was noticed that the system was empty in each morning of the first few days of the tests. This emptiness contributed to the leakage occurred to the evaporator. The leakage of the evaporator was caused by unmonitored heat supplied by the ETC. The evaporator was constructed using unsuitable material and this was another factor which contributed towards the failure of the evaporator.
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Alwaer, Ayad Almakhzum Mohamed. "A prototype desalination system using solar energy and heat pipe technology". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2455.
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Thesis (DTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.The water desalination process needs large quantities of energy, either directly from fossil fuel or electricity from the national grid. However, these sources of energy significantly contribute to problems such as global warming in addition to creating a drain on the economy, due to their high cost. This dissertation is a description of the research undertaken with the aim of producing a water desalination prototype; a novel approach that was designed using state-of-the-art solar water heating equipment, incorporating the technologies of evacuated tubes and heat pipes. During the execution of the project, various modifications to the original commercially-available solar water heating system were attempted, each aimed at increasing the production of pure water. Finally, the system proved capable of producing a reasonable amount of pure water after twelve lengthy indoor experiments conducted in a laboratory in the department of Mechanical Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus, Cape Town, South Africa. Each experiment lasted five days on the basis of seven hours of exposure to an average amount of simulated solar radiation, followed by seventeen hours daily of inactivity and partial cooling down of the system.
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Asim, Muhammad. "Experimental Analysis of Integrated System of Membrane Distillation for pure water with solar domestic hot water". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-141141.
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In GCC countries, especially in UAE desalination of sea water is considered to be one of the most effective and strategic alternative for satisfying the current and future demand of water for domestic purposes. The depletion of ground water aquifers, rapid industrial development and increase of urban population in UAE lead to tremendous increase in fresh water demand during past decade. Although, desalinated fresh water is supplied to the consumers by local municipalities, people in the region rely mostly on bottled water for drinking purpose obtained through post desalination re-processing. Thousands of suppliers in UAE deliver bottled water to homes or offices thus leading to environmental unsustainability in the whole conversion chain from desalinated water to bottling, packaging and delivery. In fact, UAE is one of the leading countries in per capita bottle water consumption. Therefore, a need has been observed to provide safe drinking water for households in a sustainable way.In order to produce drinking water at homes, a concept of integrating Membrane Distillation (MD) based water purification with Solar Domestic Hot Water (SDHW) systems has been proposed and its feasibility has been evaluated in this research study. Present application is for a single family house/villa in UAE region that requires 20 l/day of drinkable water and 250 l/day of hot water for domestic purpose. An experimental pilot system has been installed at CSEM-uae for evaluating different operational parameters of such integrated system and also to determine overall thermal performance of the system. The study provides detailed design of experimental unit, procurement, installation and commissioning of the SDHW-MD integrated system along with estimated annual profiles of pure water and overall energy consumption.Experiments performed for one month during summer and distillate fluxes of around 4.5 – 12 l/m2/hour has been obtained with optimum MD hot and cold side flow rates of 6 and 3 l/min respectively and at hot side temperatures ranging from 50 - 70oC with cold side average temperature of 35oC. With recovery of cold side heat of MD unit, 25% of daily demand of DHW could be reduced and hence the estimated annual combined energy demand of 8220 kWh could be sufficiently fulfilled with either 8.5 m2 aperture area of Flat plate solar thermal collectors or with 7.5 m2 of Evacuated tubular collectors.
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Zhou, Zexing. "Engineering design of thermochemical energy storage system to provide hot water suitable for membrane distillation operation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208079/1/Zexing_Zhou_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis used Computational Fluid Dynamic Software Ansys Fluent to evaluate the design of a Zeolite 13X based Thermochemical Energy Storage System. The system is designed to provide constant hot water supply during night-time for a solar Membrane Distillation (MD) system. It overcomes the intermittent nature of solar energy to provide a sustainable energy solution for mining water treatment in Australia. The utilization of CFD also proposed a method to predict the performance of a designed TES which estimated the critical configurations such as optimal charging/discharging flow rate, temperature, relative humidity, and pipe arrangement configuration, etc.
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Munir, Anjum [Verfasser]. "Design, development and modeling of a solar distillation system for the processing of medicinal and aromatic plants / Anjum Munir". Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1007323116/34.
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Ramos, Rafael Eug?nio Moura. "Estudo de um sistema h?brido de destila??o solar para polimento de ?guas produzidas". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15830.
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Previous issue date: 2012-05-28The oil industry, experiencing a great economic and environmental impact, has increasingly invested in researches aiming a more satisfactory treatment of its largest effluent, i.e., produced water. These are mostly discarded at sea, without reuse and after a basic treatment. Such effluent contains a range of organic compounds with high toxicity and are difficult to remove, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, salts, heavy metals, etc.. The main objective of this work was to study the solar distillation of produced water pre-treated to remove salts and other contaminants trough of a hybrid system with a pre-heater. This developed apparatus was called solar system, which consists of a solar heater and a conventional distillation solar still. The first device consisted of a water tank, a solar flat plate collector and a thermal reservoir. The solar distillator is of simple effect, with 1m2 of flat area and 20? of inclination. This dissertation was divided in five steps: measurements in the solar system, i.e. temperatures and distillate flow rate and weather data; modeling and simulation of the system; study of vapor-liquid equilibrium of the synthetic wastewater by the aqueous solution of p-xylene; physical and chemical analyses of samples of the feed, distillate and residue, as well as climatology pertinent variables of Natal-RN. The solar system was tested separately, with the supply water, aqueous NaCl and synthetic oil produced water. Temperature measurements were taken every minute of the thermal reservoir, water tank and distillator (liquid and vapor phases). Data of solar radiation and rainfall were obtained from INPE (National Institute for Space Research). The solar pre-heater demonstrated to be effective for the liquid systems tested. The reservoir fluid had an average temperature of 58?C, which enabled the feed to be pre-heated in the distillator. The temperature profile in the solar distillator showed a similar behavior to daily solar radiation, with temperatures near 70?C. The distillation had an average yield of 2.4 L /day, i.e., an efficiency of 27.2%. Mathematical modeling aided the identification of the most important variables and parameters in the solar system. The study of the vapor-liquid equilibrium from Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis indicated heteroazeotropia and the vapor phase resulted more concentrated in p-xylene. The physical-chemical analysis of pH, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chlorides, cations (including heavy metals) and anions, the effluent distillate showed satisfactory results, which presents a potential for reuse. The climatological study indicates the region of Natal-RN as favorable to the operation of solar systems, but the use of auxiliary heating during periods of higher rainfall and cloud cover is also recommended
A ind?stria do petr?leo, sentindo um grande impacto econ?mico e ambiental, tem investido crescentemente em pesquisas visando a um tratamento mais satisfat?rio de seu maior efluente: as ?guas produzidas em campos de produ??o. Estas s?o, em sua maioria, descartadas no mar, sem aproveitamento, ap?s serem tratadas. Esse tipo de efluente cont?m uma gama de compostos org?nicos de alta toxicidade e dif?cil remo??o, como hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos, al?m de sais, metais pesados etc. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi estudar a destila??o solar da ?gua de produ??o pr?-tratada para remo??o de sais e contaminantes da mesma a partir do uso de um sistema h?brido com pr?-aquecimento. Este aparato desenvolvido foi denominado de sistema solar, que ? composto por um aquecedor solar convencional e um destilador solar; o primeiro constitui-se de uma caixa d'?gua, uma placa coletora solar plana e um reservat?rio t?rmico; o destilador solar ? de simples efeito, com 1m2 de ?rea ?til e 20? de inclina??o na cobertura. A metodologia consistiu em cinco etapas: experimentos no sistema solar, com medi??o de temperaturas e de destilado obtido e obten??o de dados climatol?gicos; modelagem e simula??o do sistema; estudo de equil?brio l?quido-vapor de um efluente modelo de solu??o aquosa de p-xileno; realiza??o de an?lises f?sico-qu?micas de amostras de alimenta??o, destilado e res?duo; e um estudo climatol?gico da cidade de Natal-RN. O sistema solar foi testado, separadamente, com ?gua de abastecimento, solu??o aquosa sint?tica de NaCl e ?gua produzida de petr?leo. Foram realizadas medi??es de temperatura, a cada minuto, no reservat?rio t?rmico, na caixa d??gua e no destilador (fases l?quida e vapor). Dados de radia??o solar e precipita??o pluviom?trica foram obtidos do INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais). O pr?-aquecimento solar mostrou-se eficiente para os l?quidos testados e o fluido no reservat?rio t?rmico apresentou uma temperatura m?dia de 58 ?C, o que viabilizou a alimenta??o aquecida no destilador. O perfil de temperaturas no destilador solar apresentou comportamento similar ? radia??o solar di?ria, com temperaturas m?ximas pr?ximas a 70 ?C. Esse equipamento teve rendimento m?dio de 2,52 L/d e efici?ncia m?dia de 27,2%. A modelagem matem?tica permitiu identificar as vari?veis e par?metros mais influentes no sistema solar. O estudo do equil?brio l?quido-vapor, a partir de an?lise de TOC, indicou condi??o de heteroazeotropia, com o p-xileno se concentrando na fase vapor. As an?lises f?sico-qu?micas de pH, condutividade, STD, cloretos, c?tions (incluindo metais pesados) e ?nions, do efluente destilado apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios, o que evidencia um potencial de reuso. O estudo climatol?gico indica a cidade ou a regi?o de Natal-RN como favor?vel ? opera??o de sistemas solares, mas o uso de aquecimento auxiliar nos per?odos de maior pluviosidade e nebulosidade ? recomendado
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Nguyen, Bao The. "Feasibility of solar hot water and distillation systems in Vietnam". Thesis, Nguyen, Bao The (1998) Feasibility of solar hot water and distillation systems in Vietnam. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52389/.
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This thesis studies the feasibility of solar hot water and distillation systems in Vietnam. The first part of the work involved investigating the available solar radiation data for Vietnam and developing procedures for producing hourly solar radiation and ambient temperature sequences for use in simulation studies.
Two versions of the modified Angstrom formula were developed from long term records of measured monthly mean daily global solar radiation and sunshine hour values obtained from twelve meteorological stations across Vietnam. These formulae were then used to estimate solar radiation for additional stations where only sunshine records were available. The results from these two formulae were compared with those from eight other commonly used correlations between solar irradiation and sunshine duration. The distribution of the solar radiation throughout the country was then summarised in the form of monthly solar radiation maps, a useful approach for those interested in assessing the potential for the application of solar energy in Vietnam.
A computer model to generate hourly solar radiation and ambient temperature sequences from monthly average daily radiation values, or monthly average daily sunshine hour data, and monthly average daily temperature values, was developed. This model can be used for a tropical country like Vietnam to overcome the difficulty of the scarcity of hourly solar radiation data for use in simulation packages. The resulting model was tested in a number of ways.
A single purpose, user-friendly simulation program for solar hot water systems (SHWS) in Vietnam, called VIETSIM, was developed. This program has been validated by comparing the results of this program with those from the well-known TRNSYS program and is shown to be highly reliable. The feasibility of SHWS in Vietnam is studied for both the domestic and commercial sectors. For the domestic sector, the analysis focuses on medium size families in three locations, representing the main climatic types in this country. For the commercial sector, a case study of a hotel - office building is used as an indicator of the feasibility in this sector.
The development of SOLSTILL, a simulation program for estimating the performance of basin type solar stills is described. Models for both the standard free convection solar still and a forced convection solar still with enhanced heat recovery were included in the program. The design, fabrication and testing of an experimental system set up at Murdoch University Energy Research Institute to validate SOLSTILL is detailed. The comparison of experimental and simulation results indicates that the program can predict distillate production at an acceptable level of accuracy. The results from a sensitivity analysis of SOLSTILL involving varying weather, design and operational parameters are also presented. The feasibility of such solar distillation applications in Vietnam is investigated through the use of the SOLSTILL program in a case study.
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Ma, Qiuming. "Etude de faisabilité d'un module plan intégrant distillation membranaire et collecteur solaire pour le dessalement autonome et décentralisé d'eau de mer : conception, modélisation et optimisation pour une application aux petites communautés isolées". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAT0006.
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Les petites unités de dessalement au point d’usage sont une alternative pour l’accès à l'eau potable des communautés isolées de zones côtières ou insulaires. Dans cette thèse, la distillation membranaire (MD) est le procédé de choix pour l’application visée. De plus, les lieux d’implantation ciblés souffrent souvent d’un manque d’accès à l’énergie, mais la plupart d’entre eux sont exposés à des niveaux élevés de radiation solaire. Afin de réduire les pertes de chaleur du système et d'intensifier le procédé, un module intégrant des membranes planes de MD sous vide (VMD) et un collecteur solaire à plaque plane (FPC) apparaît comme une technologie possible. Cette étude a pour objectifs d’étudier la faisabilité de ce concept et de déterminer les paramètres de l’équipement et les conditions opératoires les plus favorables pour l’application visée en cherchant à réduire la consommation d’électricité (par des panneaux photovoltaïques PV) et améliorer simultanément l’efficacité énergétique et la production d’eau dans l’ensemble du module VMD-FPC. Les analyses de sensibilité et les optimisations multi-objectifs sont effectuées à partir de séries de simulations. La productivité quotidienne peut atteindre 96 L pour une surface de module de 3 m2. Un coût énergétique quasi-constant d’une puissance PV de 4,2 à 5,0 W L-1 est observé, permettant d’ajuster la capacité du système. Pour une puissance PV limitée à 130 W (installation mobile), plus de 30 L de distillat peuvent être obtenus avec une surface de 0,83 m2 par une belle journée d'été à Toulouse, en tenant compte des paramètres de fonctionnement optimisés et des matériaux réelsSmall-scale desalination at the point of use offers a potential access to drinking water to communities living in remote coastal areas or isolated islands. In this dissertation, Membrane Distillation (MD) is the applied technology for the aforementioned application scenario. Moreover, the target places are also often in the lack of stable and centralized heat and power supply, while most of them benefit from high solar radiations. In order to further reduce the system heat loss and to intensify the process, the integration in the same module of flat-sheet distillation membranes for Vacuum MD (VMD) and direct solar heating by flat-plate collector (FPC) appears as a possible option. This study aims to explore the feasibility of this concept and to determine the more favorable design and operating conditions for the target application. The main task in this regard is to reduce electricity consumption (provided by photovoltaic PV panels) and simultaneously improve the energy efficiency and water production throughout the VMD-FPC module. The sensitivity analyses and multi-objective optimizations are conducted based on series of simulations. Results show that the potential daily productivity of the system can reach up to 96 L for a module surface area of 3 m2. A quasi-constant power cost of PV of 4.2 - 5.0 W L-1 is observed, permitting a flexible adjustment of the system capacity. Under a limitation of an average PV power of 130 W, more than 30 L of distillate can be obtained with a surface area of 0.83 m2 on a sunny summer-day in Toulouse, taking the optimized operating parameters and real-world material properties into account
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Yadav, Jeetendra Kumar. "Energy and exergy analysis of active photovoltaic thermal solar distillation system". Thesis, 2017. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7310.
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Anthony, Nikhil J. "Thermal analysis of a solar water distillation and electricity generation system". 2008. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11102008-185716.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2008.Advisor: Juan Carlos Ordonez, Florida State University, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 55 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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WANG, Zheng-Yan y 王正彥. "Design and analysis of Solar thermal-driven distillation system based on ejector". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06366572532181119703.
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碩士國立勤益科技大學
冷凍空調系
98
The Solar thermal-driven distillation system based on ejector is combined with solar thermal and ejector, ejector design is dual-jet intake to improve the entrainment ratio of injector. The nozzle diameter is 5.39 mm, the cross section diameter is 17.1 mm, the entrainment ratio is 0.73, the area ratio A3/At is 10.33. System Theory part of the solar collector to collect solar thermal energy as the drive ejector heat, low pressure way to create flash distilled water. Jet to one-dimensional model, with the other components of the energy conservation system design analysis, design point generator temperature of 100 ℃, the evaporator temperature is 45 ℃, the condenser temperature is 58 ℃, obtained 22.86 kg of distilled water per hour can produce . System experiment part, due to solar heating system, part of the project due to funding and procurement process approved by the time of impact, and fail to build jet distillation system at the same time, so for the time being changed to brine tank replacement heater solar collector system for testing. System design point of measured data, the generator temperature is 100 ℃, the evaporator temperature is 45 ℃, the condenser temperature is 58 ℃, pumping ratio of 0.45 per hour for the manufacture of distilled water, 19.2 kg. Although the theoretical design value 22.86 kg /hr, about 16% lower. However, the use of solar energy has been preliminarily confirmed that combination of injectors for water distillation is feasible.
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LODOE, JIGMET. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF SOLAR DISTILLATION SYSTEM AND DOMESTIC HOT WATER IN COGENERATION PROCESS". Thesis, 2016. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/14748.
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Flat Plate Solar Water Distillation (FPSWD) system works on the simple principle of evaporation and condensation process .Unlike other types of distillation system which works either by consuming electrical energy or by burning fossil fuels, it works simply on thermal energy provided by the Sun which is free in nature. The hot waste brackish water is cogenerated. It takes brackish or impure water as an input to the system and fresh water as well as hot brackish water as an output. The simple design of the system makes it suitable for disaster situations mainly flood, where the water is plenty but unsafe to drink. This system which consists of 10 panels i.e. area of 30 m2 has been evaluated and observations were recorded on the basis of field data collected at the Out –Door Test Bed of (period of 8-10 hours) in the month of May,2015 at National Institute of Solar Energy (Latitude: 28025’N, Longitude:7709’E) ,Haryana (India) by taking reading of daily fresh water production corresponding to variation of temperature ,wind speed, solar intensity and ambient temperature during daytime for every hourly basis during daylight from (9.00a.m. to 5.00 p.m.) The inlet feed water that comes from tank is 360 ppm and out let of fresh water & hot brackish water reached at zero ppm & 650 ppm respectively. The fresh water has been achieved 5.2 litres/day m2 at the titled global radiation of 6.2kWh/m2. The average temperature of hot water (brackish water) is 47 0C at the ambient temperature of 240C. The fresh water output is 4.68 litres/day m2 and collected hot water (brackish water) is reached approximately 480 litres/day at 480C, which can be used for domestic proposes.
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Tsai, Chih-Ming y 蔡誌銘. "The modeling and experimental study of a solar-driven membrane distillation desalination system". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61694378438846244488.
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碩士淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
99
Membrane distillation is a feasible technology for desalination by utilizing the vapor pressure difference across a hydrophobic membrane via temperature driving force. The integration of the low-temperature solar thermal energy with the membrane distillation provides a way to simultaneously solving the energy and water resource problems. This thesis accomplishes both experimental and simulation studies on the solar-driven membrane distillation desalination system. For three membrane distillation modules, including a conventional air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) and two innovative modules with solar absorption function (SAF-AGMD), the SAF-AGMD modules can provide flux enhancement by 30-50%. Using the verified mathematical model, for two large scale modules reported in the literature, a spiral wound type and a flat plate type, the resistance analysis and the parameter study reveal the significant layers as well as the device parameters and operation conditions for performance improvement. In overall system level, a small laboratory-scale system is established, which includes the solar collector, thermal storage tank, heat exchanger and membrane distillation module, as well as the control system. Dynamic operations of the system, including manual and automatic, have been accomplished. By employing the verified overall system model, the optimization analysis gives the maximum pure water production rate which is enhanced by 50%.
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Yu, Chin-I. y 游晉懿. "A Study on the life Cycle Assessment of Solar-driven Membrane Distillation Desalination System". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14933648300387967292.
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碩士淡江大學
水資源及環境工程學系碩士班
101
Desalination system can get fresh water from seawater, but it is extremely energy consumption. However, use of solar energy driven desalination system can decrease the energy consumption. The aim of this study is to assess the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the solar-driven membrane distillation desalination plant. The scope of the LCA was set in the operation stage of the plant. The environmental impact of the every stages in the plant were assessed, the results will be offered to the research group of the solar-driven membrane distillation desalination system. In this study, desalination system was separated into three divisons. There were pre-treatment process, centre membrane filtration process, end-of-pipe treatment process. The main items of this study included the energy consumption of the equipment, and the quantity of chemicals usage during the treatment process. The assessment method is based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 environmental management guideline. GaBi 5 software was used to calculate the environmental impact at each stage. The results indicated that producing 1,000 ton/day of fresh water needs total power consumption of 5,662 kWh which included pre-treatment 2,350 kWh/day, centre membrane filtration 2,805 kWh/day, and end-of-pipe treatment 508 kWh/day. Chemicals consumption were Calcium hypochlorite (Ca(OCl)2) 129.9 kg, Hydrochloric acid (HCl) 6.1 kg, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0.11 kg. The order of environmental impact were：centre membrane filtration process> pre-treatment process> end-of-pipe treatment process. The major three environmental impacts were respiratory (inorganic) 181 Pt, fossil fuels 80.1 Pt, climate change 26.2 Pt respectively.
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Li, Chien-Chang y 李建璋. "Study on the dynamics and control for the solar powered membrane distillation desalination system". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19445019356011606951.
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碩士淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
97
Membrane distillation is a feasible technology for desalination by utilizing the vapor pressure difference across a hydrophobic membrane via temperature driving force. The integration of the low-temperature solar thermal energy with the membrane distillation provides a way to simultaneously solving the energy and water resource problems. The thesis investigates the dynamics and control of the solar powered membrane distillation desalination systems. A system simulation model is built on Aspen Custom Modeler platform, including models for solar collector, thermal storage tank, heat exchanger and membrane distillation module. The model is then used for the dynamic optimization and control system design under different solar radiation conditions. The optimization study reveals that simple thermal storage tank configuration is better than other complex configurations. Besides, the operation using lower flow rate in the membrane distillation module helps the freshwater production but sacrifices the thermal energy absorption. Appropriate controller set points and PI controller tunings can benefit the system performance.
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Sinha, Sangeeta. "Computer modelling and techno-economic analysis of solar water heating and active distillation system". Thesis, 1993. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6399.
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Liu, Yu-Hsin y 劉育芯. "Dynamic Optimization Design on Heat-Integration of Solar Heated Membrane Distillation and Fuel Cell for Desalination System". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yk7493.
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碩士國立中興大學
化學工程學系所
107
Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) system mostly uses the solar collector to convert solar radiant heat into the main thermal source as reported in the past literatures. Due to unstable supply of solar radiation, the heat integration feasibility of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) coupled with solar heated DCMD module is evaluated in this study. The additional waste heat from PEMFC is coupled into the original configuration to increase the DCMD system’s operability to produce fresh water and, at the same time, electricity. Besides, the operating temperature of PEMFC is usually set between 60 °C and 90 °C, which exactly satisfies the inlet temperature requirement of feed flow in DCMD system. MATLAB/Simulink platform is used to build the mathematical model of each unit operation. Two systems units to be evaluated mainly include a flat plate solar collector, a heat storage tank with internal heat exchanger, the DCMD module, without and with the PEMFC module, respectively. The accuracy of the models is then verified with the experimental data from the literatures. To simulate realistic operation condition, typical environmental data of Taichung is adopted from the literature. The importance of daily operation continuity is emphasized through a dynamic preliminary simulation and proper sizing of the solar heated DCMD distillation. Therefore, the two systems should be optimized and sensitivity analysis is deemed necessary to analyze the relationship between the important variables and the daily fresh water production. The optimal design variables of both configurations are determined in term of minimum Unit Production Cost (UPC) to evaluate the proposed heat integration feasibility and to obtain key insights on the design strategy of DCMD systems.
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Singh, Anil Kumar. "Computer modelling of Advanced solar distillation systems". Thesis, 1992. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6394.
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Rao, V. S. V. Bapeshwar. "Parametric studies on improved solar distillation systems". Thesis, 1986. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6342.
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"Some studies on solar distillation and water heating systems". Thesis, 1986. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6336.
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Hsieh, Bi Tsung y 謝璧聰. "Performance Evaluation of the Solar Thermal-Driven Membrane Distillation Systems". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65636453238313814916.
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碩士長庚大學
化工與材料工程學系
100
Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal process in which only vapor molecules, driven by a difference in temperature, transport through porous hydrophobic membranes and condense on the cooler side. Collectors can transfer solar radiation to thermal energy stored by storage tank and used to solar thermal energy systems. The integration of solar thermal energy with the membrane distillation provides a way to solve the energy and water resource problems, so there are many potentially commercial advantages of thermal-driven membrane distillation systems. This work initially analyzes performance of membrane modules and solar thermal energy systems, mathematical models of which are built on MATLAB platform. Permeation flux of two MD modules, i.e., direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and air gap membrane distillation (AGMD), is compared in the same modules size. Solar thermal energy systems include solar collector, two thermal storage tanks, heat exchanger and auxiliary power. According to surrounding climate data of Taipei city, simulation results and impacts of the circulation flow rate on this device are discussed further. This work finally combines MD modules with solar thermal energy systems, and proposes two feedback PI control loops, i.e., circulation flow rate control and auxiliary power control. For DCMD and AGMD systems, the setpoints of these two control modes are appropriately adjusted to reach their daily production targets. The simulation results demonstrate effective performance of the proposed control loops for the solar powered MD systems.
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Hung, Chen-Yu y 洪承佑. "Optimal design of small-scale solar powered membrane distillation desalination systems". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32417310458495339249.
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碩士淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
102
Small-scale solar membrane distillation desalination system (s-SMDDS) is a sustainable technology for resolving the water resource problem in remote arid areas. However, the optimal design of the system has not been systematically investigated. This study developed the mathematical models and experimental systems of the membrane distillation modules, including air gap, direct contact and vacuum types, as well as the overall systems. For the membrane distillation modules, the relative deviation of the simulation results relative to the experimental results is about 10%. The trends of the simulated values and experimental values are similar, and the main reason of the deviation is that the efficiency of solar collector is smaller than the simulate setpoint. The equipment sizes and operation conditions for the water producton with minimum unit costs were determined by a systematic method. The optimization analysis employed the mathematical models, a pseudo steady state approach and the dynamic optiomization. The minimum unit costs of the systems utilizing air gap, direct contact and vacuum membrane distillation modules are $5.16/m3, $9.37/m3 and $9.44/m3 for the production rates of 1000 kg/day, 800 kg/day and 800 kg/day, respectively. For all the systems, the cold side heat recovery for the membrane distillation module should be adopted. For the membranes employed in this study, the enhancement of membrane mass transfer coefficient up to two times is beneficial for cost reduction. The 50% reduction of the thermal conductivity of the membrane can reduce the unit cost by 20% for the system using direct contact membrane distillation.
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Chang, Shun-Chieh y 張舜傑. "Design and Operability Analysis of Solar Driven Membrane Distillation in Desalination Systems". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44058527610353628071.
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碩士淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
100
In this work, we propose a systematic method to study the interaction between design and operability of solar heated membrane distillation seawater desalination systems. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) modules were explored. Aspen Custom Molder (ACM) platform was used to model and simulate each unit of the system and establish the cost function for counting total annual cost (TAC). From Design degree of freedom (DOF) analysis, design parameters were investigated and used as optimization variables to find the minimum TAC with fixed distillate water production rate by varying the solar energy density. The steady-state simulation result shows the solar driven AGMD desalination systems give the cheaper TAC compared to DCMD ones because of the need for larger size solar collectors for DCMD systems. A secondary hot water storage tank was used and a control structure was proposed to overcome day and night operation. The optimal design for DCMD and AGMD gave a very small operating range due to temperature constrain in effluent stream of solar collectors. In order to widen the operability range of two different plants, the effluent temperature constrains changed from 95 ℃ to 75 ℃. It enlarged the operability range but gave a higher TAC. Finally, the dynamic control results show and verify that the pure water production can be maintained at a very stable level in sunny or cloudy weather by two systems.
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Dimri, Vimal. "Energy and exergy analysis of a passive and active solar distillation systems". Thesis, 2007. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6203.
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Lee, Kit-Hong y 李傑鴻. "Development of simple solar distillation systems for the poor regions in developing countries". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71816246740955753870.
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碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
100
Clean water is an important resource for human survival, especially for many backward areas that are unable to obtain purified water due to social, technical and financial factors. The present study aimed to develop simple, convenient and affordable water distillation systems that could produce potable water using simple and affordable technology. In the experimental design, we evaluated the novel use of a heat-absorber as an efficient way to obtain distilled water. Parameters like the color and material of the heat-absorber, the sunlight absorption area of the heat-absorber, and the feasible amount of water to be processed in each distillation cycle were discussed in this study as the main factors that could affect the evaporation efficiency. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of a heat-absorber improved the efficiency of evaporation of sea water. The incorporation of solid heat-absorber and textile heat-absorber enhanced the evaporation efficiency by 25% and 40%, respectively, when compared to the control. Different colors and types of heat-absorbers were also found to affect the water evaporation efficiency. Among the tested samples, porous rocks and black non-woven cloth were found to the most efficient among solid and textile heat-absorbers. This study also verified that textile heat-absorbers with lager sunshine areas could evaporate more water. In addition, the amount of water added during evaporation was found to affect the efficiency of water evaporation as well. Since the addition of excess water could reduce the evaporation efficiency, it was found that keeping a moderate but steady flow of water input should produce the best efficiency for our solar distiller. In conclusion, it was believed that the prototypes designed in this study could be used as reference models of affordable solar distillers for rural coastal areas. With further modification and upgrade, this experimental design could even be used for emergency relief or serve as a foundation of future desalination device.
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Tripathi, Rajesh. "Study of heat and mass transfer and thermal modeling for solar distillation systems". Thesis, 2005. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6150.
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Kumar, Shiv. "Performance analysis of hybrid photovaltaic/thermal (PV/T) active solor distillation system". Thesis, 2008. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6243.
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Yadav, Yamuna Prasad. "Design of large scale solar distillation and hot water systems: experimental and theoretical studies". Thesis, 1986. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6343.
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Hung, Hao-Chia y 洪浩嘉. "Comparison between cost and operability for different types of solar driven membrane distillation in desalination systems". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44294503652514571890.
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碩士淡江大學
化學工程與材料工程學系碩士班
102
The objective of this research is to combine renewable solar thermal energy and seawater membrane distillation desalination systems into green processes. The units of the systems include air gap (AGMD), direct contact (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) modules. In order to assess the economic design point of the process, the Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) was used to build the mathematical model to describe each unit of solar-driven membrane distillation desalination systems. Simulation results show that the total annual costs (TAC) of air gap (AGMD), direct contact (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) modules for 2000 kg/hr water production are $57,092, $123,411 and $350,565, respectively. The control structures of solar-driven membrane distillation desalination systems were built which include quality control in order to maintain the water production rate and day/night operating mode. Finally, the dynamic simulations of these systems in all seasons are demonstrated to validate the operability analysis results. The optimal unit water production costs of air gap (AGMD), direct contact (DCMD) and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) modules are $2.7/m3, $5.4/m3 and $10.4/ m3, respectively.
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Sahota, Lovedeep. "Energy and exergy analysis of passive and active solar distillation systems incorporating with and without nanofluids". Thesis, 2017. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7479.
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Kumar, Sanjay. "Computer based analysis of heat and mass transfer in solar distillation systems and its experimental validation". Thesis, 1996. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6429.
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