Tesis: "Soil protein"

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Truong, Hung Phuc. "Fate of Cry Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis in soil". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS210.

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Les propriétés insecticides du Bacillus thuringiensis, découvert par ShigentaneIshiwatari, ont été utilisées pendant des décennies comme biopesticides et cette utilisation a augmenté rapidement en raison de préoccupations au sujet des effets environnementaux négatifs des pesticides chimiques. Actuellement, la toxine Bt dans la forme de biopesticides et des plantes transgéniques Bt peut compléter ou remplacer les pesticides chimiques. Il y a peu d’indication que la toxine Bt a un effet nocif pour l'environnement ou la santé humaine. Néanmoins, il ya des préoccupations que les cultures transgéniques commerciales peuvent avoir des effets néfastes sur l'environnement. Après son introduction dans le sol l'exsudation racinaire et la dégradation des résidus végétaux, la toxine Bt interagit avec les particules de sol. Les interactions de la toxine Bt avec des particules de sol influencent sa mobilité, sa biodisponibilité, sa persistance et sa toxicité.Dans cette étude, nous visons à établir l'importance relative des facteurs biologiques et physico-chimiques dans la détermination de la dynamique des protéines Cry détectables dans les sols, de clarifier si la protéine adsorbée conserve ses propriétés insecticides et d'identifier les propriétés du sol qui déterminent le devenir des protéines Cry dans le sol. Les résultats montrent que les protéines Cry ont une forte affinité sur la surface du sol. Cependant, il y avait peu de relation entre l'affinité pour le sol ou le rendement d'extraction et les propriétés du sol, y compris la teneur en argile, teneur en carbone organique et le pH du sol. Il y avait peu de rapport entre l'affinité et le rendement d'extraction. Les protéines diffèrent à la fois dans leur affinité pour les sols et leurs rendements d'extraction.Une évaluation du rôle du sol et des facteurs environnementaux dans le sort des protéines Cry de la formulation de biopesticides commerciale a montré un déclin rapide de la protéine Cry détectable soumise aux rayons du soleil sous la condition de laboratoire, alors que peu d'effet a été observé dans des conditions de terrain. La demi-vie des protéines dans le sol dans des conditions naturelles était d'environ 1 semaine. Des effets de la température forts ont été observés, mais ils diffèrent pour les biopesticides et la protéine purifiée, indiquant différentes étapes limitantes. Pour le biopesticide, la baisse observée était ralenties par des facteurs biologiques, y compris éventuellement sporulation. En revanche pour des protéines purifiées, augmentation de la température améliorée des changements conformationnels de la protéine adsorbée du sol, conduisant à une fixation et, par conséquent diminué efficacité d'extraction qui a diminué avec le temps. En outre, l'étude de la persistance de diverses protéines Cry dans les sols contrastés a été réalisée par immuno-détection et dosage biologique a montré que la toxine extractible diminue avec incubation allant jusqu'à quatre semaines. L'activité insecticide était toujours maintenue à l'état adsorbé, mais a disparue après deux semaines d'incubation à 25°C. La baisse de la protéine extractible et la toxicité était beaucoup plus faible à 4°C à 25°C. La stérilisation du sol n'a pas eu d'effet significatif sur la persistance de la toxine Cry indiquant que le déclin observé était provoqué par la fixation en fonction du temps de la protéine adsorbée ce qui diminue la quantité de toxine Cry extractable, la dégradation de la protéine par l’activité microbienne jouant un rôle plus mineur.L’exposition des insectes aux protéines Cry sous la forme adsorbé pourrait avoir un impact significatif sur les insectes cibles et même les insectes non cibles, et devrait être plus étudiée afin de déterminer son impact potentiel
The insecticidal properties of Bacillus thuringiensis, discovered by Shigentane Ishiwatari, have been used for decades as biopesticides and this use has been increasing rapidly because of concerns about the negative environmental effects of chemical pesticides. Currently, Bt toxin in the form of both biopesticides and Bt transgenic plantsmay supplement or replace chemical pesticide. There is little evidence to demonstrate that Bt toxin has any harmful effect to the environment or to human health. Nevertheless, there are concerns that commercial transgenic crops may have harmful impacts on the environment. After release into soil via root exudation and breakdown of plant residues, Bt toxin interacts with soil particles. The interactions of Bt toxin with soil particles influence its mobility, its bioavailability, its persistence and its toxicity. In this study, we aim to establish the relative importance of biological and physicochemical factors in the determination of the dynamics of detectable Cry proteins in soils, to clarify if adsorbed protein maintains its insecticidal properties and to identify the soil properties that determine the fate of Cry proteins in soil. The results show that Cry proteins have strong affinity on soil surface. However, there was little relationship between affinity for soil or the extraction yield and soil properties including clay content, organic carbon content and soil pH. There was little relationship between the affinity and the extraction yield. The proteins differ in both their affinity for soil and their extraction yields.An assessment of role of soil and environmental factors in the fate of Cry protein from commercial biopesticide formulation showed a rapid decline of detectable Cry protein subjected to direct sunlight under the laboratory condition, whereas, little effect was observed under field conditions. The half-life of proteins in soil under natural conditions was about one week. Strong temperature effects were observed, but theydiffered for biopesticide and purified protein, indicating different limiting steps. For biopesticide, the observed decline was due to biological factors, possibly including sporulation. In contrast for purified proteins, increased temperature enhanced conformationalchanges of the soil-adsorbed protein, leading to fixation and hence extraction efficiency decreased that decreased with time. Moreover, the study of persistence of various Cry proteins in contrasting soils was carried out by immuno-detection and bioassay showed that extractable toxin decreased with incubation of up to four weeks. Insecticidal activity was still retained in the adsorbed state, but lost after two weeks of incubation at 25°C. The decline in extractable protein and toxicity was much lower at 4°C than 25°C. There was no significant effect of soil sterilization to persistence of Cry toxin indicating that decrease in detectable Cry toxin in soil may be time-dependent fixation of adsorbed protein as well as decreasing solubilization in larva midgut, but not microbial breakdown.Exposition to Cry in the adsorbed form could have a significant impact on target and even non target insects and should be investigation to determine the potential impact

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2

Delin, Sofia. "Site-specific nitrogen fertilization demand in relation to plant available soil nitrogen and water : potential for prediction based on soil characteristics /". Skara : Department of Soil Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200506.pdf.

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3

Mariani, Pilar Drummond Sampaio Correa. "Estudo da biodegradação da blenda poli (epsilon-caprolactona) / amido modificado/proteina isolada de soja em diferentes solos : caracterização dos produtos formados e avaliação da toxicidade". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267086.

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Orientadores: Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei, Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira Cardoso
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: O desenvolvimento de polímeros biodegradáveis tem como objetivo contribuir com a redução do volume de lixo plástico descartado no meio ambiente. Em vista disso, a utilização de polímeros naturais na confecção de blendas tem proporcionado o aproveitamento de recursos de fontes renováveis como e o caso do amido e da soja. Nesse trabalho, dando continuidade as pesquisas realizadas anteriormente no grupo de materiais biodegradáveis da Profa. Lucia H. Innocentini-Mei (FEQ/UNICAMP),foram utilizadas blendas a base de poli (e-caprolactona), amido de milho modificado, proteína isolada de soja (PIS) e sorbitol. As blendas foram preparadas através de extrusão em extrusora mono-rosca e prensagem a quente e as amostras assim obtidas foram submetidas a caracterização e estudo da biodegradação em diferentes solos, com o apoio do Laboratório de Microbiologia do solo da ESALQ/USP, sob a supervisão da Profa. Elke J.B. Cardoso. A caracterização dos materiais obtidos deu enfoque as propriedades térmicas, mecânicas, morfológicas e capacidade de biodegradação em solos de diferentes texturas, e com ou sem a adição de N-fertilizante. Observou-se que a incorporação de amido modificado e proteína isolada de soja foram responsáveis pela redução das propriedades térmicas e mecânicas dos materiais, mas, para muitas aplicações estas propriedades não são requisitos indispensáveis. Com relação à proteína isolada de soja, esta proporcionou a redução da relação carbono/nitrogênio (C/N) da blenda como esperado, atributo que foi decisivo durante o processo de biodegradacao das formulacoes em diferentes solos. A mineralizacao das formulações foi maior em solo de textura arenosa, com maior conversão de carbono a dióxido de carbono (CO2); por outro lado, o solo de textura argilosa não apresentou taxas altas de conversão de carbono a dióxido de carbono para as blendas, mas foi mais eficiente na formação de biomassa microbiana, comparado ao solo arenoso.
Abstract: The development of biodegradable polymers came to reduce the volume of plastic waste discarded in the environment. As a result, the use of natural polymers in the manufacture of blends has provided the use of renewable resources such as starch and soy. In this work, continuing the research done previously in the biodegradable materials group of School of Chemical Engineering School at State University of Campinas/ Brazil, supervised by Prof. Lucia H. Innocentini-Mei, blends of poly (e-caprolactone)/modified starch, soy protein isolate (SPI) and sorbitol were prepared by extrusion in single-screw extruder and hot pressing machine. The samples obtained were subjected to characterization and study of biodegradation in different soils, with the support of the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology (ESALQ/USP), under the supervision of Professor Elke J. B. N. Cardoso. The characterization of the material has focused on thermal, mechanical and morphological properties, and also on the biodegradation capacity in soils of different textures, and with or without the addition of N-fertilizer. It was observed that the incorporation of modified starch and soy protein isolate were responsible for the reduction of thermal and mechanical properties of materials but, for many applications, these properties are not necessaries. With respect to soy protein isolate (SPI), it reduced the carbon / nitrogen (C/N) of the blend as expected, an attribute which was decisive in the process of biodegradation of the studied formulations in different soils. Mineralization of the formulations was higher in sandy soil, with the higher conversion of carbon to carbon dioxide (CO2) compared to the clay soil, which did not show high rates of conversion but was more efficient in the formation of microbial biomass.
Doutorado
Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais
Doutor em Engenharia Química

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4

Metho, Lewis Amollo. "Yield and quality response of four wheat cultivars to soil fertility, photoperiod and temperature". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 1999. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10092002-124728.

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5

Gildner, Theresa. "Life History Tradeoffs Between Testosterone and Immune Function Among Shuar Forager-Horticulturalists of Amazonian Ecuador". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23822.

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The sex hormone testosterone supports male reproduction. However, testosterone is hypothesized to suppress immune activity, resulting in a tradeoff between energetic investment in reproductive effort and immune function. The Immunocompetence Handicap Hypothesis (ICHH) therefore argues that testosterone-linked masculine traits honestly signal health status to prospective mates, as only uninfected males should be able to maintain high testosterone levels. Still, this proposed tradeoff remains poorly tested among human men, especially among natural fertility populations experiencing high infectious disease burdens. This dissertation therefore tested the ICHH among indigenous Shuar men of Amazonian Ecuador. Specifically, this project examined testosterone variation patterns and assessed how male investment in reproductive effort is associated with reproductive success and immune function. The first study tested testosterone level variation among Shuar men in relation to body composition, age, and style of life factors. This study demonstrated that age and BMI interactions shape testosterone levels in complex ways, such that the relationship between body composition and testosterone profile varies throughout the life course. The second study investigated whether individual reproductive success was significantly influenced by masculine trait development and parasite load. These results failed to support the hypotheses that masculine traits increased reproductive success or honestly signaled lack of parasitic disease. Instead, a significant positive association was observed between a composite score of masculine traits and Ascaris lumbricoides infection load; suggesting that male investment in reproductive effort may increase parasitic infection risk. The final study assessed whether testosterone levels were negatively associated with four measures of immune function (parasite load, C-Reactive Protein [CRP], Immunoglobulin-G [IgG], and Immunoglobulin-E [IgE]). Testosterone levels were inversely associated with CRP levels and a positive relationship between testosterone levels and Trichuris trichiura infection load was documented, suggesting increased investment in reproductive effort may suppress some aspects of immune function and increase parasite burden. Overall, these studies fail to support the ICHH, but do indicate a context-dependent tradeoff between energetic investment in male reproductive effort and some aspects of immune function; thereby demonstrating complex interactions between physical characteristics, physiological processes, and immune activity in human men. This dissertation includes unpublished, co-authored material.

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Whitaker, Justin. "Assessing Recombinant Expression of Urease Enzyme from Sporosarcina ureae as a Carbonatogenic Method for Strength Enhancement of Loose, Sandy Soils". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35228.

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Les sols qui ne rencontrent pas les normes d’ingénierie civile doivent êtres soumis à des améliorations géotechniques car les vibrations causées par les tremblements de terre ou par la surcharge sur des infrastructures en hauteur peuvent mener à la liquéfaction partielle ou totale des sols saturés en eau. Ceci peut donc entrainer des dommages importants aux structures construites sur ces sols. Certaines méthodes existent pour remédier à ce problème, mais elles demeurent couteuses et parfois toxiques car elles utilisent de l’acrylamide et des lignosulfates. La bio-précipitation in situ de calcite dans les sols représente une méthode alternative. Le tout se fait avec des bactéries qui démontrent une activité uréolytique. La présente étude s’est intéressée à l’activité uréolytique des souches Escherichia coli, Sporosarcina ureae, Bacillus pasteurii, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis et Bacillus megaterium. Les résultats démontrent que l’urée est seulement dégradée par les souches S. ureae et S. pasteurii. L’incubation de S. ureae en présence de Ni2+ (0.1-1 ppm) et Fe2+ (1-10 ppm) a toutefois permis d’augmenter l’activité catalytique de la souche, ce qui démontre l’importance des éléments nutritifs lors de l’hydrolyse de l’urée. Afin de tester l’activité uréolytique des autres souches, nous avons introduit un système d’expression uréase dans la souche E. coli en substituant des amino-acides dans la structure primaire des protéines. Suite à cette modification, l’activité uréolytique de E. coli s’est améliorée et est devenue comparable à celle des souches S. ureae et S. pasteurii. L’injection de S. ureae et du mutant E. coli dans des sables non-consolidés a permis de cimenter de façon significative (p < 0.05) le matériel par rapport à des sables non inoculés, et ce après seulement 48 heures. Le transfert du système recombinant de E coli vers S. ureae est présentement en cours. Ces résultats prometteurs indiquent qu’il est possible de stimuler la précipitation in situ de calcite en utilisant des bactéries et de stabiliser les sols prônes à la liquéfaction. === Soils often do not satisfy functional requirements for civil engineering projects and as a result geotechnical improvements to soils are often made. Dynamic shaking during earthquakes or static overloading by overlying structures may still result in liquefaction in partially or fully water saturated soils. These have little bearing capacity for structures. Severe damages can result. Moreover, preventative soil grouting strategies are expensive, toxic, and permanent due to acrylamides, lignosulfonates, and otherwise harmful compounds present therein. Alternative methods of strength enhancement are advisable. Microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) was assessed in this investigation to consolidate loose, sandy soils. Ureolytic activty of Escherichia coli, Sporosarcina ureae, Bacillus pasteurii, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium were assessed. Urea was readily degraded foremost by S. ureae and next by S. pasteurii with no significant (p <0.05) activity in other strains. Incubation of S. ureae with 0.1 - 1ppm Ni2+ and 1-10ppm Fe2+ was shown to improve catalytic activity, suggesting their importance as a dietary source for urea hydrolysis. A urease expression system was established in E. coli and particular amino acid substitutions in protein primary structure made. Enhanced ureolytic activity was observed in these E. coli mutants, comparable to native S. ureae activity. Application of wild type S. ureae and recombinant E. coli for MICP in a model sand showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements compared to controls after 48 hours. Transfer of the recombinant system in E. coli to S. ureae is currently underway. These results provide valuable insight affirming that a practical system for the application of MICP may be feasible in the field for the strength enhancement of native and construction-laid loose, sandy soils.

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Sun, Hongwei. "The effect of seaweed concentrate on turfgrass growth, nematode tolerance and protein synthesis under moisture stress conditions". Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-163430/.

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Kovács-Bogdán, Erika [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Characterization of protein import channel-forming proteins in chloroplasts / Erika Kovács-Bogdán. Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015170218/34.

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Castagnara, Deise Dalazen. "Produção de grãos, forragem, palhada e propriedades físicas em latossolo vermelho sob diferentes usos em sistemas de integração lavoura pecuária". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1479.

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Universidade Federal do Pampa
The study was conducted to evaluate the production and characteristics of oat straw in 2009 and the performance of corn in succession submitted to the different splitting of nitrogen. Also, the production of fodder and straw, structural and nutritional characteristics of oat and soil physical properties in the succession black oat / corn / oats / soybean / oats in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011. We adopted six land uses distributed in bands (P10 and P20: grazing height of the residue of 10 and 20 cm, C10 and C20: Cutting hay with height of the residue of 10 and 20 cm, SC w / SD - no grazing or cuts for tillage; SC w / PC - without grazing or cutting for conventional tillage) and three times in the design of randomized blocks. In the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 were performed respectively 3, 1 and 2 cuts or grazing oats. In 2009/2010 crop was sown corn crop and the harvest 2010/2011 soybean crop. Evaluations to determine production of straw were taken after grazing or cutting and drying prior to deployment to areas of summer crops. In maize were evaluated biometric characteristics, yield components and productivity. Sampling for determination of dry matter production, structural and nutritional characteristics of forage were taken at each cutting or grazing. The samples for the determination of physical characteristics of soil macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and bulk density were made in layers 0 to 0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m at the end of each cycle of cultivation of oats or of summer crops. The completion of cutting or grazing reduces the deposition of straw by oats. Large quantities of straw oats reduce the productivity of corn. Different splitting of nitrogen do not affect the grain yield in oats. Better quality forage and better distributed throughout the autumn-winter period is achieved with the completion of cutting or grazing. In Oxisol, conventional tillage reduces density and increases microporosity and macroporosity and total porosity, while the cultivation of oats in the fall and winter harvest forage by cutting or grazing residual height of 10 cm or 20 does not alter the physical properties of soil
O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a produção e características da palhada de aveia branca e o desempenho da cultura do milho em sucessão submetida à diferentes parcelamentos da adubação nitrogenada. Estudou-se também, a produção de forragem e palhada, características estruturais e nutritivas da aveia branca e as características físicas do solo na sucessão aveia/milho/aveia/soja/aveia nos anos de 2009; 2010 e 2011. Foram adotados seis usos do solo distribuídos em faixas (pastejo com altura do resíduo de 10 e 20 cm; corte para fenação com altura do resíduo de 10 e 20 cm; sem pastejos ou cortes para semeadura direta e sem pastejos ou cortes para preparo convencional) com três repetições sob o delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Nos anos de 2009; 2010 e 2011 foram realizados respectivamente 3; 1 e 2 cortes ou pastejos na aveia. Na safra 2009/2010 foi semeada a cultura do milho e na safra 2010/2011 a cultura da soja. Na aveia avaliou-se a produção, características estruturais e nutritivas da forragem antes de cada pastejo ou corte, e a produção e composição da palhada residual após cada pastejo ou corte e antes da semeadura das culturas de verão. Na cultura do milho foram avaliadas as características biométricas, os componentes de produção e produtividade. No solo estudou-se as características físicas de macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total e densidade do solo por meio de amostragens realizadas nas camadas de 0 0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m ao final de cada ciclo de cultivo da aveia ou das culturas de verão. A realização de cortes ou pastejos reduziu a deposição de palhada residual pela aveia. Grandes quantidades de palhada residual de aveia reduziram a produtividade da cultura do milho. Diferentes parcelamentos da adubação nitrogenada não interferiram na produtividade do milho em sucessão à aveia. Forragem de melhor qualidade e melhor distribuída ao longo do período do outono-inverno foi obtida com a realização de cortes ou pastejos. Em Latossolo Vermelho, o preparo convencional reduziu a densidade e a microporosidade e aumentou a macroporosidade e a porosidade total, enquanto o cultivo de aveia no outono inverno e colheita da foragem por corte ou pastejo com altura residual de 10 ou 20 cm não alterou as propriedades físicas do solo

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Avila, Luciana Aparecida. "Efeitos do algodão Bt (Bollgard evento 531) na comunidade bacteriana da rizosfera". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-12012009-114036/.

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O algodão transgênico Bollgard® (algodão Bt) contém o gene cry1Ac da bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis, que confere a planta resistência a Lepidopteros. A expressão deste gene na planta pode acarretar efeitos ecológicos adversos à microbiota do solo e da rizosfera. Em casa-de-vegetação, a comunidade bacteriana associada ao algodão Bt foi comparada a do algodão convencional, em dois tipos de solos e quatro estádios fenológicos. Amostras de rizosfera foram avaliadas por técnicas dependentes e independentes de cultivo. As técnicas de contagem de bactérias e DGGE permitiram observar os efeitos do algodão Bt na densidade e diversidade de Pseudomonas e bactérias totais, durante os estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento da planta. A toxina Cry foi detectada na rizosfera de algodão Bt, em todo ciclo da cultura. Nas fases de formação do botão floral e abertura das maçãs, a atividade microbiana foi maior na rizosfera do algodão Bt. Esses resultados indicam o potencial do ambiente rizosférico em reestabelecer à estrutura da comunidade bacterina após um impacto temporal.
The transgenic cotton Bollgard® (Bt cotton) contains the cry1Ac gene from the Bacillus thuringiensis bacterium, which confers the plant resistance against some insects. The expression of this gene in the plant can cause adverse ecological effects on soil and rhizosphere microbiota. In a greenhouse experiment, the bacterial community associate to Bt cotton was compared to non-transgenic parental cultivar plants, in two types of soil at different plant development stages. Rhizosphere communities were evaluated by culture-dependent and independent approaches. Results reveal the effect of the Bt cotton in the density and diversity of Pseudomonas and total bacteria, during initial plant development stages. The Cry toxin was detected in the rhizosphere of Bt cotton, during all plant cycle. In the phases of flower formation and fruit opening, the microbial activity was greater in the rhizosphere of Bt cotton. These results show the potential of the rhizosphere to reestablish the original structure of the bacterial community after a temporary impact.

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Silva, Franciléia de Oliveira e. "Espacialização dos teores de proteína e óleo de soja e milho e sua correlação com os atributos do solo e produtividade". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3041.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The importance of Brazil's agricultural activity boosts for researches that can be developed with different focuses such as the influence of soil properties on crops and spatial analysis of soil, in order to achieve a better management, with less environmental impact and increase crop yield as soybeans and maize. Besides yield, studies involving parameters such as quality are essential, since raw materials are seen as a possibility to be used in industry. Thus, this trial aimed at carrying out spatial analysis of quality parameters for soybean and maize (protein and oil content). The index of spatial dependence was calculated, while thematic maps were drawn. Further, analysis of spatial correlation among these parameters and attributes of soil was carried out as well as physical (soil penetration resistance) and chemical of soil (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn MO, Al, pH, H+Al, SB, SMP e Sat. Al, texture (sand, silt and clay), altitude and yield were also recorded. This trial was carried out in two areas (A and B) cropped with soybeans (summer crop) and maize (winter maize) under no-tillage system. Among the studied attributes, K content was significantly correlated (positively) with soybean protein in both experimental areas (A and B) as well as in both studied agricultural years (2012/2013 and 2013/2014.). Clay and mechanical resistance to penetration at 20-30 cm depth showed negative correlation with soybean protein in area B in both agricultural years. Soybean protein and its oil were inversely correlated in both experimental areas: area A (2013/14) and area B in both years (2012/13 and 2013/14). The corn protein showed no spatial dependence. But the oil content presented moderate spatial dependence and showed an inverse correlation with productivity in both areas under study.
A importância da atividade agrícola do Brasil faz com que pesquisas sejam desenvolvidas com focos distintos como a influência dos atributos do solo nas culturas e análise espacial do solo, a fim de se realizar um manejo mais adequado, com menor impacto ambiental e aumentar a produtividade das culturas, dentre elas a soja e o milho. Além da produtividade, verifica-se a importância de estudos que envolvam parâmetros como a qualidade, tendo em vista a possibilidade de utilização da matéria prima para a indústria. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma análise espacial dos parâmetros de qualidade (proteína e teor de óleo) de soja e milho. Calculou-se o índice de dependência espacial e elaboraram-se mapas temáticos. Buscou-se ainda realizar a análise de correlação espacial entre estes parâmetros e atributos físicos (resistência do solo à penetração) e químicos do solo (P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn MO, Al, pH, H+Al, SB, SMP e Sat. Al), textura (areia, silte e argila), altitude e com a produtividade. O experimento foi conduzido em duas áreas cultivadas (A e B) com soja (safra de verão) e milho (safrinha) sob sistema de plantio direto. Dentre os atributos estudados, o teor de K correlacionou de forma significativa (positiva) com a proteína de soja, nas duas áreas experimentais (A e B) e nos dois anos agrícolas estudados (2012/2013 e 2013/2014.). A argila e a resistência mecânica à penetração na profundidade (20-30 cm) apresentaram correlação negativa com a proteína de soja na área B nos dois anos agrícolas. A proteína de soja e o óleo de soja correlacionaram-se inversamente nas duas áreas experimentais: área A (2013/14) e na área B nos dois anos (2012/13 e 2013/14). Já o teor de proteína de milho não demonstrou dependência espacial. Já o teor de óleo apresentou dependência espacial moderada e apresentou correlação inversa com a produtividade nas duas áreas em estudo.

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12

Gruber, Helga [Verfasser], Martin Akademischer Betreuer] Müller, Heinrich H. D. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Meyer y Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Kramer. "Surveillance of Cry1Ab protein and cry1Ab DNA in liquid manure, soil and agricultural crops under Bt-maize cropping and slurry management of cows fed Bt-maize (MON810) / Helga Gruber. Gutachter: Karl Kramer. Betreuer: Martin Müller ; Heinrich H. D. Meyer". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1019590017/34.

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Ma, Li. "Soil Organic Nitrogen - Investigation of Soil Amino Acids and Proteinaceous Compounds". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51960.

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Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are predominantly in organic form. Proteins/ peptides, as an important organic form of N, constitute a substantial part of soil organic matter. On one hand, proteins/peptides are an important N source for plants and microorganisms, particularly in soils where inorganic N is limited. On the other hand, their stabilization in soils by forming organo-mineral associates or macromolecule complex reduces the C loss as CO2 into the atmosphere. Therefore, studies on the turnover, abundance, composition, and stability of proteins/peptides are of crucial importance to agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. In the first part of this study, the bioavailability and distribution of amino acids, (building block of proteins/peptides), were investigated, in soils across the North-South and West-East transects of continental United States. The second part of this study aimed to understand the variations of organic C speciation in soils of continental United States. Previous investigations of the interactions between soil minerals and proteins/peptides were mostly limited to batch sorption experiments in labs, seldom of which gave the details at the molecular scales. Therefore, in the third part of this study, the molecular orientation of self-assembled oligopeptides on mineral surfaces was investigated by employing synchrotron based polarization-dependent Near Edge X-ray Adsorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (NEXAFS) techniques. Specific aims of this study were: 1) to assess potentially bioavailable pool of proteinaceous compounds and the immediately bioavailable pool of free amino acids in surface and subsurface soils of various ecosystems; 2) to evaluate the relationship between environmental factors and levels/composition of the two pools; 3) to investigate the organic C speciation in soils of various land use; and 4) to understand molecular level surface organization of small peptides on mineral surfaces. The levels of free amino acids and hydrolysable amino acids which represent the potentially bioavailable pool of proteinaceous compounds in A-horizon soils were significantly high than in C-horizon soils due to the accumulation of organic matter in surface. On average, free amino acids accounted for less than 4 % of hydrolysable amino acids which represent the total proteinaceous compounds in soils. The composition of free amino acids was significantly different between surface soil and subsurface soil and was significantly influenced by mean annual temperature and precipitation. A relatively uniform composition of hydrolysable amino acids was observed irrespective of a wide range of land use. Significant variations were observed for the levels of free and hydrolysable amino acids along mean annual temperature and precipitation gradients, as well as among vegetation types of continental USA, suggesting levels of free and hydrolysable amino acids were associated with the above-ground biomass and root distribution. Organic C speciation investigation revealed the presence of carboxylic-C (38%), aliphatic-C (~ 22%), aromatic-C (~ 18%), O/N-alkyl-C (~ 16%), and phenolic-C (< 6%). Factors such as temperature and vegetation cover were revealed in this study to account for the fluctuations of the proportions of aromatic-C and phenolic-C, in particular. Phenolic-C may serve as a good indicator for the effect of temperature or vegetation on the composition of SOC. The average composition of soil organic C, over the continental scale, was relatively uniform over various soil ecosystems and between two soil horizons irrespective of surface organic C content. Polarization dependent NEXAFS analysis showed the oligopeptides tend to orient on mineral surface with an average tilt angle of 40 ° between the molecular chain and the mineral surface.
Ph. D.

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14

CATALDI, MARIA GRAZIA PIA. "Improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency in wheat by application of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria as bio-fertilizers". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Foggia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/382360.

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Per fronteggiare l'aumento della popolazione mondiale, il depauperamento delle risorse naturali e l'inquinamento ambientale, sarà necessario incrementare la produzione alimentare, senza tuttavia aumentare l'impatto ambientale associato alle attività agricole. L’intensificazione sostenibile della produzione agricola rappresenta un obiettivo arduo da realizzare soprattutto in regioni aride e semi-aride come le regioni del bacino del Mediterraneo particolarmente vulnerabili ai cambiamenti climatici. Tale obiettivo può essere raggiunto attraverso pratiche agricole sostenibili finalizzate alla riduzione dell'uso di fertilizzanti e delle emissioni di gas serra (GHG). Nell’area Mediterranea, il frumento rappresenta una delle colture maggiormente diffuse e il frumento duro costituisce la prima coltura cerealicola in termini di superficie investita e provvede al fabbisogno alimentare di gran parte della popolazione. L’impiego di batteri promotori della crescita vegetale (Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria, PGPB) come bio-fertilizzanti, rappresenta una promettente alternativa ecosostenibile alle pratiche agronomiche in uso per promuovere la crescita vegetale riducendo l’inquinamento ambientale e gli input esterni di fertilizzanti azotati e fosfatici attraverso il miglioramento dell’efficienza d’uso di tali nutrienti. In particolare, l’impiego di PGPB autoctoni isolati da terreno e caratterizzati da una elevata adattabilità agli stress abiotici rappresenta un promettente strumento per promuovere la crescita vegetale. Poche informazioni sono disponibili in letteratura relativamente all’uso di PGPB autoctoni come inoculanti nella coltivazione dei cereali, del frumento ed in particolare del frumento duro (vedi Capitolo 2). Pertanto, l’obiettivo di questa tesi di dottorato è stato la selezione di PGPB autoctoni isolati dalla rizosfera di frumento duro e la valutazione del loro effetto sulla nutrizione azotata e fosfatica del frumento. A tale scopo, sono stati perseguiti i seguenti obiettivi specifici: i) la caratterizzazione fenotipica e genotipica di PGPB autoctoni non patogeni isolati dalla rizosfera di frumento duro per selezionare in vitro i ceppi più promettenti in grado di migliorare l'efficienza d’uso di N e P; ii) la valutazione dell'effetto dei ceppi selezionati come i migliori batteri nitrificanti sull’efficienza d’uso di N in piante di frumento duro; iii) la valutazione dell’effetto di PGPB caratterizzati dalla capacità di solubilizzare il P inorganico e di mineralizzare il P organico, sulla crescita di plantule di frumento. Allo scopo di perseguire gli obiettivi previsti, quattrocentosettantaquattro ceppi batterici (batteri mesofili, batteri formanti spore, Pseudomonadi, attinobatteri) sono stati isolati dalla rizosfera di frumento duro. Gli isolati sono stati caratterizzati fenotipicamente per la capacità di solubilizzare il P, di produrre NH4+, NO2-/NO3- e siderofori e successivamente sottoposti ad uno screening quantitativo (produzione di acido indolo acetico, di NO2-/NO3- e mineralizzazione P). I dati dei test quantitativi sono stati analizzati mediante indici descrittivi (mediana e quartili) per studiare la distribuzione statistica di ciascun parametro all'interno dei singoli gruppi microbici e selezionare i ceppi più promettenti. Come risultato, sedici isolati sono stati selezionati e sequenziati; alcuni ceppi di particolare interesse, sono poi stati testati come inoculanti in plantule di frumento per una preliminare validazione in suolo. Tra questi, tre isolati (25A- Bacillus, 6P-Stenotrophomonas, 20PStenotrophomonas) hanno mostrato le migliori performances in termini di biomassa e altezza delle piante e sono stati scelti per valutare il loro effetto sull’efficienza d’uso dei nutrienti (vedi Capitolo 3). Un primo esperimento in camera di crescita (vedi Capitolo 4) è stato condotto per valutare l'effetto dell'applicazione di PGPB sull'efficienza d’uso dell’ N in piante di frumento duro, utilizzando i migliori isolati nitrificanti (6P- Stenotrophomonas, 20P- Stenotrophomonas) che erano anche in grado di produrre NH4 +. A questo scopo due genotipi di frumento duro (Saragolla e Simeto) sono stati allevati in condizioni di crescita controllate per valutare: (i) la capacità degli isolati di colonizzare e sopravvivere nella rizosfera e (ii) il loro effetto sull'assorbimento e sull'efficienza d’uso di N (rispettivamente Nitrogen Uptake efficiency, NUPE e Nitrogen Use Efficiency for Protein, NUEP). In Saragolla entrambi i ceppi mostravano la capacità di migliorare gli indici UPE e NUPE; al contrario, in Simeto solo il ceppo 20P mostrava un effetto positivo. Un secondo esperimento (vedi Capitolo 5) è stato allestito per studiare la capacità dei migliori isolati P-solubilizzanti e P-mineralizzanti (12A- Bacillus e 25A- Bacillus) di promuovere la crescita di piantine di frumento allevate in terreno carente di P. A questo scopo, piante di frumento duro e tenero sono state coltivate in terreno a basso contenuto in P per valutare: (i) l’effetto di isolati batterici sull’architettura del sistema radicale; (ii) l'espressione di IPS1 e TaPT6, due geni chiave coinvolti nella risposta della pianta alla carenza di P e nell’assimilazione di P. Il gene IPS1 è indotto dalla carenza di P e il suo livello di trascrizione rappresenta un buon marker per la risposta della pianta alla carenza fosfatica; il gene PT6 codifica per un trasportatore ad alta affinità che svolge un duplice ruolo nell'assorbimento del fosfato dal suolo e nella traslocazione all’interno della pianta. Tra gli isolati testati, il ceppo 12A- Bacillus, aumentava significativamente la lunghezza, la superficie e la biomassa radicale. I risultati ottenuti potrebbero essere dovuti alla capacità del ceppo 12A di produrre acido indol-3-acetico (IAA) oltre che alla capacità di mineralizzazione e solubilizzazione di P. In questo esperimento si è osservato un aumento della sostanza secca e del contenuto di P della parte aerea, probabilmente come conseguenza della duplice capacità di aumentare la lunghezza e la superficie radicale e di mineralizzare e solubilizzare il P. I risultati ottenuti in questa tesi dovranno essere confermati mediante prove sperimentali condotte in pieno campo. Inoltre, differenti condizioni ambientali dovranno essere testate al fine di validare l’effetto dei ceppi selezionati sull’efficienza d’uso dei nutrienti in piante di frumento.
Due to the increase in human population growth, the depletion of natural resources and the environmental pollution, it is necessary to raise agricultural productivity without enhancing environmental footprint. A sustainable intensification may offer the opportunity of increasing input efficiency by reducing fertilizer applications and agricultural greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. The issue of sustainability of crop production is even more acute in semi-arid and arid regions, such as Mediterranean arable lands, where drought and related biophysical factors create a fragile and unstable environment. In Mediterranean Basin, wheat is one of the most widely grown crop; in particular, durum wheat represents the main grain crop in terms of surface area and provides food security to a large population share. The use of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) as inoculants in agricultural soils might be a suitable technology for sustainable farming systems in accordance with the reduction of environmental pollution and the need to use nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resources more efficiently. Autochthonous microorganisms naturally possess some mechanisms of “adaptive evolution” to win and overcome the stressful environmental conditions and are able to enhance plant growth and protect plants from diseases and abiotic stresses. Within this context, firstly, a review on PGPB application in cereals for a sustainable intensification was carried out focusing on the interaction PGPB-wheat (see Chapter 2). In particular, the main topic of this review was the potential of autochthonous PGPB isolated from soils to enhance nutrient use efficiency. As few data are available on the interaction plant-PGPB isolated from durum wheat rhizosphere, the aim of this PhD thesis was focused on the selection of PGPB from durum wheat rhizosphere and on the evaluation of their effect on N and P nutrition in wheat. To achieve this aim, the following goals were pursued: i) the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of autochthonous non-pathogenic PGPB from durum wheat rhizosphere to select in vitro the most promising strains able to improve nutrient use efficiency; ii) the evaluation of the effect of the PGPB selected as the best nitrifying bacteria on durum wheat N use efficiency; iii) the evaluation of the effect on wheat seedlings growth of PGPB with P-solubilizing and P-mineralizing combined capability. In order to achieve the first goal, four-hundred seventy-four bacteria (mesophiles, spore-formers, pseudomonads, actinobacteria) were isolated from rhizosphere of durum wheat. The isolates were preliminary characterized for phosphate solubilization, NH4+ production, nitrification and siderophores production; then, some quantitative analyses were carried out (production of IAA-indole acetic acid, NO2 -/NO3 - and P-mineralization) and used as input to select some promising isolates through a new approach based on median and quartiles. As a result, sixteen strains were selected and identified by 16S sequencing. The promising bacteria were tested as inoculants in wheat seedlings for a preliminary validation in soil. Among them, three strains (25A- Bacillus, 6P- Stenotrophomonas, and 20P- Stenotrophomonas) showed the best performances in terms of plant biomass and height and were selected to evaluate their effect on wheat nutrient use efficiency (see Chapter 3). A first experiment in a growth chamber (see Chapter 4) was carried out to evaluate the effect of PGPB application on durum wheat N use efficiency, by using the best nitrifying isolates (6PStenotrophomonas and 20P- Stenotrophomonas) which were also able to produce NH4 +. To this aim, two genotypes (Saragolla and Simeto) were grown under controlled conditions to evaluate the capacity of the isolates to establish and survive in rhizosphere and their effect on N-uptake (UPE) and use efficiency (NUEP). In Saragolla both strains improved UPE and NUPE; on the contrary, in Simeto only 20P strain showed a positive effect. A further pot experiment (see Chapter 5) was carried out to investigate the capacity of the best P- solubilizing and P- mineralizing isolates (12A- Bacillus and 25A- Bacillus) to promote the growth of wheat seedlings in low P soil. To this aim, durum and bread wheat plants were grown in low P soil to evaluate: i) the effect of bacterial isolates on root system architecture; ii) the expression of key genes involved in the P starvation response and Pi uptake, IPS1 and TaPT6 transporter. The IPS1 gene is highly responsive to P deficiency, and its transcript level is a good marker for P deficiency responses and has been shown to be involved in P homeostasis. PT6 is a high- affinity Pi transporter gene playing a dual role in Pi uptake from the soil and Pi translocation inside the plant. One isolate, 12A- Bacillus, significantly increased root length, surface area and biomass. These results might be explained by the capacity of 12A strain to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in addition to the P mineralizing and P solubilizing capability. Furthermore, an enhanced shoot dry weight and shoot P content was reported maybe because of combined capacity to increase root length and surface and to mineralize and solubilize P. Further experiments under field conditions and under different environments will be necessary to validate the effect of the selected strains on wheat nutrient use efficiency.

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15

Barreau, Stephanie. "Biosensing with sol-gel-immobilised proteins". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27275.

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Low temperature-processed, porous sol-gel glasses represent a new class of materials for the immobilisation of biomolecules. If used to entrap biological recognition elements, these transparent and chemically inert glasses offer a new approach in the development of optical biosensors.

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16

Oliveira, Fábio Denari de. "Mapeamento dos teores de óleo e proteína de grãos de soja e análise de sua correlação com atributos do solo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11148/tde-09022004-160743/.

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Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a variabilidade espacial dos teores de óleo e proteína de grãos de soja e correlacioná-los com atributos do solo. Em uma área aproximada de 9,01ha, foram realizadas 170 coletas de dados em pontos correspondentes aos nós de uma malha regular de 25m. Em um raio de 1m ao redor do ponto central georreferenciado, foram colhidos todos os grãos de soja e coletadas 7 subamostras de solo, totalizando uma amostra composta. A correlação entre dados, visando a explicar a variabilidade espacial da produtividade de culturas agrícolas, é uma das fases mais importantes e sensíveis da Agricultura de Precisão. Muitos são os atributos que podem estar influenciando os teores de óleo (Porcentagem de Extrato Etéreo na Matéria Seca %E.E.M.S.) e proteína (Porcentagem de Proteína Bruta na Matéria Seca %P.B.M.S.) do grão de soja como, por exemplo, os do solo (compactação, estrutura, nutrientes, textura, umidade), os da planta (nutrientes absorvidos, enraizamento, disponibilidade de água nas folhas, ataque de pragas) e os do clima (radiação solar, vento, temperatura e umidade). Com os atributos utilizados neste estudo não houve correlação satisfatória entre a variabilidade espacial dos atributos da fertilidade e textura do solo com teores de óleo (Porcentagem de Extrato Etéreo na Matéria Seca %E.E.M.S.) e proteína (Porcentagem de Proteína Bruta na Matéria Seca %P.B.M.S.) da soja da área experimental e também um baixo coeficiente de determinação na análise de regressão linear múltipla para as variáveis óleo e proteína. Quanto à análise geoestatística, as variáveis, óleo (Porcentagem de Extrato Etéreo na Matéria Seca %E.E.M.S.), proteína (Porcentagem de Proteína Bruta na Matéria Seca %P.B.M.S.), argila e boro não apresentaram dependência espacial. Na área experimental encontrou-se um ótimo coeficiente de determinação entre as variáveis de atributos do solo (silte, H+Al, M.O., Ca, Mg, K, SB, CTC, V%, Mn eCu) todos maior que 85%, apenas a variável K teve um ajustamento que pode ser considerado bom, ficando entre 75% e 85%.
The purpose of the present study was to determine the spatial variability of oil and protein contents in soybean grains and to correlate these characteristics with soil attributes. In a 9.01ha field, 170 samples were taken at the nodes of a 25m regular grid. Within a 1-m radius around the georeferenced node, all soybean grains were collected, as well as 7 soil subsamples, constituting one compound sample. One of the most important and delicate aspects of Precision Agriculture is correlating data to explain the spatial yield variability of agricultural crops. There are several attributes that can influence oil (percentage of ethereal extract in dry matter %E.E.D.M.) and protein (percentage of gross protein in dry matter %G.P.D.M.) amounts in soybean grains, such as, those related to the soil (compaction, structure, nutrients, texture, moisture), plants (nutrients absorbed, rooting, water availability in the leaves, pest attacks) and climate (solar radiation, wind, temperature and humidity). Considering the attributes studied, poor correlation was verified between the spatial variability of soil fertility and texture with oil (percentage of ethereal extract in dry matter %E.E.D.M.) and protein (percentage of gross protein in dry matter %G.P.D.M.) amounts in soybean grains from the experimental area. A low coefficient of determination for the multiple linear regression analysis was obtained for the attributes oil and protein contents. Using geostatistical analysis, no spatial dependence was verified for the variables oil (ethereal extract in dry matter %E.E.D.M.), protein (gross protein in dry matter %G.P.D.M.), clay and boron amounts. The soil attributes (silt, H+Al, D.M., Ca, Mg, K, SB, CEC, V%, Mn and Cu) showed excellent coefficients of determination in the experimental area, with all coefficients above 85%, except for K, which showed coefficients between 75% and 85%, which are considered good.

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Lee, Kyoungmi. "DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN-IMPRINTED POLYSILOXANE BIOMATERIALS: PROTEIN SELECTIVITY AND CELLULAR RESPONSES". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2005. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukybien2005t00373/Thesis.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Kentucky, 2005.
Title from document title page (viewed on January 19, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains: viii, 59 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-58).

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18

Power, Rowena Suzanne. "The application of a transgenic strain of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to the biomonitoring of metal polluted soil". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310841.

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Maja, Đanić. "Uticaj soli žučnih kiselina na prodor i metabolizam simvastatina u probiotskim bakterijama". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Medicinski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101272&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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Interindividualne razlike u sastavu i aktivnosti crevne mikroflore mogu uticati na metabolizam lekova kao i na njihov konačan terapijski odgovor. Simvastatin je lek iz grupe statina i karakteriše ga izuzetno mala rastvorljivost u vodi, mala bioraspoloživost (<5%) i velike interindividualne razlike u terapijskom odgovoru čiji uzroci nisu u potpunosti objašnjeni. Poslednjih godina velika pažnja se posvećuje ispitivanjima žučnih kiselina u razvoju novih farmaceutskih formulacija zbog svoje uloge u solubilizaciji i modifikaciji prodora lekova kroz biološke membrane. Zbog svega navedenog, u fokusu našeg istraživanja su bile potencijalne interakcije između simvastatina, probiotskih bakterija i žučnih kiselina o kojima se vrlo malo zna, a od izuzetne su važnosti, zbog mogućeg uticaja na farmakokinetske i farmakodinamske osobine simvastatina, pa samim tim i na konačan terapijski odgovor kod pacijenta.Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita prodor i metabolizam simvastatina u probiotskim bakterijama kao i uticaj različitih žučnih kiselina na transport ovog leka u bakterijske ćelije. Takođe, cilj je bio da se ispita uticaj soli žučnih kiselina na distribucioni koeficijent simvastatina, kao i interakcije žučnih kiselina sa simvastatinom na nivou transportnih proteina probiotskih bakterija kako bi se objasnila priroda očekivanih interakcija.Identifikacija i kvantifikacija uzoraka vršena je metodom tečne hromatografije sa masenom spektrometrijom (LC-MS/MS). Korišćenjem programskih paketa VolSurf+ i Molinspiration, za identifikovane metabolite su izračunati molekulski deskriptori koji opisuju fizičko-hemijske i farmakokinetske osobine molekula. Određivanje distribucionog koeficijenta vršeno je Shake-flask metodom. Interakcije žučnih kiselina sa simvastatinom na nivou transportnih proteina probiotskih bakterija ispitane su doking studijama pomoću SwissDock programa. Prilikom dvadesetčetvoročasovne inkubacije sa probiotskim bakterijama uočen je statistički značajan pad koncentracije simvastatina u ekstracelularnom sadržaju. Ukupan sadržaj simvastatina, kao zbir ekstracelulamog i intracelularnog sadržaja, je tokom čitavog ispitivanog perioda bio statistički značajno niži u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu bez probiotika navodeći na zaključak da se deo simvastatina tokom vremena metabolisao pod dejstvom enzima ispitivanih bakterija. Detektovano je i identifikovano 8 metaboličkih produkata simvastatina. Na osnovu izračunatih vrednosti molekulskih deskriptora, očekuje se da će metabolit M-452, koji predstavlja hidroksilovani produkt simvastatinske kiseline, pokazati najbolje rezultate u pogledu fizičko-hemijskih osobina i bioraspoloživosti u biološkom sistemu. Žučne kiseline nisu dovele do statistički značajne modifikacije transporta simvastatina u/iz probiotskih bakterija. Ipak, u nekim vremenskim tačkama primećena je nešto veća koncentracija leka u ekstracelulamom prostoru u grupama sa žučnim kiselinama. Ove razlike se mogu delimično objasniti rezultatima određivanja distribucionog koeficijenta koji su pokazali da ispitivane žučne kiseline dovode do statistički značajnog smanjenja distribucionog koeficijenta simvastatina usled povećanja rastvorljivosti u vodenoj fazi. Rezultatima doking studija procenjeno je da ispitivane žučne kiseline imaju veći afinitet prema čak 80% multidrug transportera ispitivanih bakterija u odnosu na simvastatin što govori o mogućnosti ostvarivanja interakcija žučnih kiselina sa ovim lekom na nivou transportnih proteina probiotskih bakterija. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata možemo zaključiti da probiotske bakterije imaju ogroman uticaj na sudbinu simvastatina u biološkom sistemu. Uzimajući u obzir činjenicu da probiotske bakterije ulaze u sastav normalne crevne flore i da svaki organizam poseduje specifičan bakterijski sastav, trebalo bi posvetiti više pažnje ispitivanju njegovog uticaja na farmakokinetiku lekova. Neophodna su dalja in vivo ispitivanja kako bi se utvrdila potencijalna farmakološka aktivnost identifikovanih metabolita simvastatina nastalih pod dejstvom enzimske aktivnosti probiotskih bakterija. Povećanje rastvorljivosti simvastatina pomoću žučnih kiselina otvara mogućnost za dalja istraživanja u cilju razvoja novih farmaceutskih formulacija sa poboljšanom bioraspoloživosti i farmakokinetskim osobinama.
Interindividual differences in the composition and activity of the gut microflora may affect the metabolism of drugs as well as their final therapeutic response. Simvastatin is drug from the group of statins and has extremely low water solubility, low bioavailability (<5%) and high interindividual differences in therapeutic response whose causes are not fully understood. In recent years, great attention has been paid to studies of bile acids in the development of new pharmaceutical formulations because of their role in the drug solubilization and modification of drug transport through biological membranes. Accordingly, interactions between simvastatin, probiotic bacteria and bile acids were the focus of our research due to great importance and potential influence on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of simvastatin, and therefore the final therapeutic response in the patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the simvastatin transport and metabolism in probiotic bacteria as well as the effect of various bile acids on drug transport into the bacterial cell. Additonally, the aim was to investigate the influence of bile salts on the distribution coefficient of simvastatin, and the interactions of bile acids with simvastatin at the level of probiotic transport proteins in order to elucidate the nature of expected interactions. Identification and quantification of samples were performed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Molecular descriptors that describe the physico-chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of identified metabolites were calculated using the software packages VolSurf+ and Molinspiration. Determination of the distribution coefficient was performed using Shake-flask method. Interaction of bile acids with simvastatin at the level of bacterial transport proteins were studied using docking studies with SwissDock program. During the twenty-four hours of incubation with probiotic bacteria, simvastatin concentrations in the extracellular contet showed a statistically significant decrease. The total amount of simvastatin, as the sum of the extracellular and intracellular amount, during the whole study period, was significantly lower in comparison with control group without probiotics, suggesting that the part of simvastatin was metabolized by the enzymatic activity of studied bacteria. Accordingly, eight metabolic products of simvastatin were detected and identified. Based on the calculated values of molecular descriptors, it is expected that the metabolite M-452, which is the hydroxylated product of simvastatin acid, will show the best results in terms of physico-chemical properties and bioavailability in biological system. Bile acids did not show a significant influence on simvastatin transport into probiotic bacteria. However, in some time points, slightly higher drug concentrations in the extracellular medium in groups with bile acids were observed. These differences can be partly explained by the results of the determination of the distribution coefficients which showed that investigated bile acids lead to a statistically significant decrease in simvastatin distribution coefficient due to increased solubility in the aqueous phase. The results of docking studies estimated that studied bile acids have stronger affinities for the 80% of bacterial multidrug transporters compared to simvastatin indicating the possibility of achieving the interactions of bile acids with simvastatin at the level of transport proteins of probiotic bacteria. Based on the obtained results it could be concluded that probiotic bacteria have great influence on the fate of simvastatin in a biological system. Taking into account the fact that probiotic bacteria are the normal part of gut microflora and that each individual has specific bacterial fingerprint, more attention should be paid on studying its influence on drug pharmakocinetics. Further in vivo studies are required in order to determine potential pharmacological activity of identified simvastatin metabolites. Increased water solubility of simvastatin with bile acids may open the possibility for further investigations with the aim of development of new pharmaceutical formulation with improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties.

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20

Lusley, Pauline. "Compréhension des mécanismes directs et indirects de résistance à la pourriture racinaire du pois causée par Aphanomyces euteiches : influence du choix variétal et de la cohorte microbienne associée. Compared analysis of architectural symptoms and disease severity caused by Aphanomyces euteiches between winter and spring peas. Co-existence of Rhizobia and non-rhizobial bacteria in the nodules of Pisum sativum L. depending on cultivars and influencing mycelium growth of Aphanomyces euteiches. The microbial cavalry: how crop could be determinant to beneficially shape soil microbiome in the battlefield against Aphanomyces euteiches". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR091.

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Le pois protéagineux, dont la culture est bien adaptée au contexte pédoclimatique normand, représente une source nutritive importante en protéines végétales. A l’heure actuelle, les cultures protéagineuses font partie des cultures d’avenir aux vues de leurs nombreux intérêts agronomique, économique et environnemental. Malgré ses multiples atouts, la culture du pois protéagineux n'a pas autant de succès, principalement en raison d’une forte atteinte par diverses phytopathologies, dont le plus préjudiciable est la pourriture racinaire du pois causée par Aphanomyces euteiches. Les dégâts occasionnés peuvent conduire à une baisse importante du rendement et ainsi pénaliser les agriculteurs. Ne disposant d’aucun traitement efficace à ce jour, il est donc important de focaliser les recherches sur le développement de moyens de contrôle, ce qui passe par une compréhension holistique du pathobiome. Dans cette thèse, les travaux se sont concentrés sur la compréhension de certains mécanismes de résistance directs ou indirects à la pourriture racinaire du pois causée par A. euteiches, en se focalisant sur l’étude de la contribution des facteurs biotiques, à savoir, le génotype variétal, seul ou accompagné de son phytobiome, et donc la mise en place de multiples interactions avec les microorganismes. L’analyse comparée de l’expression de la maladie et des modifications architecturales induites a montré une expression différentielle de la maladie selon leur appartenance au groupe hiver ou printemps. Les variétés d’hiver caractérisées par une grande tolérance au froid présentent 2 traits d’intérêt : un retard d’impact sur les parties aériennes malgré une atteinte racinaire et un accroissement du système racinaire en réponse à l’infection. De plus, l’étude de la diversité bactérienne intra-nodules chez ces mêmes variétés de pois d’hiver et de printemps, a montré que la diversité de ce microbiome endophyte varie en fonction du génotype variétal. Cette étude a permis de déceler le fort potentiel biocontrôle des endophytes bactériens intra-nodulaires, avec une abondance relative observée des genres bactériens connus pour leurs effets antagonistes envers A. euteiches plus importante chez deux variétés de pois d’hiver. Le génotype variétal constitue donc un levier, direct et indirect via l’établissement d’interactions avec des microorganismes bénéfiques, pour lutter contre la pourriture racinaire du pois. Le dernier axe de recherche a démontré la forte influence des espèces cultivés sur les associations microbiennes au sien de la rhizosphère, en particulier sur l’assemblage des populations bénéfiques. La manipulation de la composition des communautés microbiennes par les couverts végétaux au bénéfice de la culture suivante représente un argument de plus en faveur de l’utilisation des rotations des cultures comme levier contre les phytopathologies. Plusieurs pistes intéressantes ressortent donc de ce travail, pour une lutte efficiente et globale contre A. euteiches : à l’échelle de la variété, par ses caractéristiques propres en lien avec son génotype et sa capacité à sélectionner des endophytes protecteurs, et à l’échelle de la rotation, par la manipulation du microbiome en faveur du pois. De belles perspectives de recherche se profilent, notamment la réalisation de tests d’efficacité de protection de tous les potentiels agents de biocontrôles isolés, qui permettraient la mise en oeuvre de consortia bénéfiques adaptés au terroir normand et aux spécificités variétales du pois
Pea, well-adapted to the Normandy pedoclimatic context, represents an important nutritional source of plant proteins. At present, protein crops are among the promoting crops in view of their many agronomical, economic, and environmental interests. Despite their multiple advantages, the cultivation of protein peas is not as successful, mainly due to strong attacks by various phytopathology. The most damaging is pea root rot caused by Aphanomyces euteiches leading to a significant drop in yield and thus can penalize farmers. As there is no effective treatment to date, numerous focus researches are in progress to develop efficient control methods, which requires a holistic understanding of the pathobiome. In this thesis, studies were focused on the understanding of some direct and indirect resistance mechanisms of pea root rot caused by A. euteiches. The contribution of biotic factors in this disease were studied, specifically the influence of varietal genotype and its associated phytobiome, and so the establishment of multiple interactions with microorganisms. The comparative analysis of disease severity and induced architectural modifications, showed a differential expression according to their affiliation to winter or spring group. The two winter pea cultivars characterized by a high cold tolerance presented two features of interest: a delayed impact on aerial part despite significant root damage and an increased growth of root system in response to infection. In addition, the study of intra-nodule bacterial diversity in these same cultivars showed that the diversity of their nodule microbiome varies according to varietal genotype. This study highlighted the strong biocontrol potential of intra-nodule bacterial endophytes, with a higher relative abundance of known antagonistic bacterial genera towards A. euteiches for two winter pea cultivars. The varietal genotype therefore constitutes a direct and indirect lever by the establishment of interactions with beneficial microorganisms, to fight against pea root rot. The last research line has demonstrated the strong influence of plant cultivated species on the microbial associations in the rhizosphere, specifically a modulation of the assemblage of beneficial populations. Shaping the microbial community composition though the cultivation of crops to the benefit of the next crop represents an additional argument in favor of crop rotation use as a lever against phytopathology. Several interesting alternatives were highlighted in this research work to effectively and efficiently manage A. euteiches: at the cultivar scale, by specific characteristics in relation to varieties’ genotype and their ability to select protective endophytes, and at the scale of crop rotation, by shaping microbiome in favor of pea. Great research perspectives are emerging, especially the efficiency of protection resulting from all potential isolated biocontrol agents, which would allow the development and implementation of beneficial consortia adapted to Normandy soils and to pea cultivars specificities

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21

Landzela, Besule. "Effects of BT Maize (MON810) crop and its residues on selected soil biological properties and N and P release in a sandy loam soil from Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007542.

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There are apprehensions that genetic modification of maize with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) may have negative effects on soil biodiversity, ecosystem processes and functions. This study aimed at determining the effect of Bt maize crop, Bt maize residues and its genetic modification on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), selected enzyme activities, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and N and P release patterns. The study was conducted under field, glasshouse and laboratory conditions. In 2010/2011 season, four maize cultivars; DKC 61-25B (Bt), DKC 61-24 (non-Bt), PAN 6Q-321B (Bt) and PAN6777 (non-Bt) were planted. Determination of MBC, enzyme activities and fungal spore count was done at 42, 70, and 105 days after planting (DAP). A loam soil amended with Bt or non-Bt maize leaf residues from a study of 2009/2010 season was incubated to investigate effects of Bt maize residues on MBC and soil enzyme activities. Leaf residues of Bt and non-Bt maize cultivars (DKC 61-25B, DKC 61-24, PAN 6Q-321B and PAN6777) were used and soil without residues was used as a control. Samples were collected at 7, 28 and 56 days of incubation (DOI). An incubation study was also carried out in the laboratory to determine the effect of Bt maize residues (i.e. leaf, stem and root) and its genetic modification on N and P release patterns. Residues of DKC 61-25B, DKC 61-24, PAN 6Q-321B and PAN6777and soil without residues as a control were incubated in the laboratory. After destructive sampling at 0, 7, 14, 28, and 56 DOI, N in the form of NH4-N and NO3-N and P mineralisation were determined. Amendment of soil with residues enhanced MBC (p < 0.05) at all the sampling dates. For example MBC increased from 95 in the control to 146.3 mg/kg in the DKC 61-25B treatment at the end of the glasshouse trial. In the field DKC 61-25B had 9.1 mg/kg greater MBC than DKC 61-24, while PAN 6Q-321B had 23.9 mg/kg more MBC than PAN6777 at the end of the trial. However, no differences (p < 0.05) were observed in enzyme activities under field and glasshouse conditions except for dehydrogenase that had greater activity where DKC 61-25B and PAN 6777 were grown. There were no differences between the type of residues (Bt and non-Bt) on enzyme activities tested. However, differences were observed among the sampling dates. No effects of Bt maize crop on fungal spore count were observed. Similarly no differences were observed in leaf, stem and root tissues composition between Bt and non-Bt maize cultivars. Net N and P mineralisation from Bt maize cultivars did not differ from that of non-Bt maize cultivars. However, differences were observed among the cultivars. The results of this study suggested that Bt maize with Bt MON810 event can be grown in the central region of the Eastern Cape (EC), South Africa without affecting MBC, soil enzyme activities, VAM, and release of N and P nutrients from its residues.

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22

Kraus, Sabrina Maria [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Die PRAT2-Proteine der Chloroplasten / Sabrina Maria Kraus. Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/101768829X/34.

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23

Sampaio, David Vieira. "Caracterização elétrica e dielétrica de cerâmicas de BaTiO3 e Ba0,77Ca0,23TiO3 sintetizadas pelo método sol gel proteico". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5349.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Barium Titanate (BaTiO3 BT) based Ceramic materials have a wide industrial application as Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCCs) mainly due to its high dielectric constant and good capacitance stability with the temperature change, however this material also presents some limitations, for example, oxidation of low cost electrodes. Several ways of BT modifications have been proposed in Literature, as example, the use of different synthesis methods and the doping with different ions. Therefore, the present work had as objectives the synthesis, sintering and electrical characterization of the BaTiO3 and Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 (Barium Calcium Titanate) ceramics. The Sol Gel Proteic method was used to powder synthesis, in this method, coconut water is employed as polymeric agent instead of the conventional alcoxide precursors. The characterization was done using the differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy techniques. Both, the calcined powders at 1100 °C and the sintered ceramics at 1350 °C presented single crystalline phase, with good microstructural homogeneity and relative density higher than 90%. The sintered ceramics presented a dielectric constant value at room temperature of 1200 (BT) and 680 (BCT), and dielectric loss of 4,8% (BT) and 1,8% (BCT). Besides, the BCT ceramics presented a Curie temperature on average 14 °C above that observed in Literature. Finally, the activation energies of the conductive process of the grain an grain boundary regions were evaluated following two distinct methods using: i) the Brick-layer model; and ii) the average relaxation frequency of each ceramic region, grain and grain boundary. The obtained values by the two methods are in accordance with them and suggest that the dominant conduction mechanism occurs by oxygen vacancy diffusion created still during the sintering process.
Materiais cerâmicos a base de titanato de bário (BaTiO3 BT Barium Titanate ) possuem uma larga aplicação industrial como Capacitores Cerâmicos Multicamadas (MLCCs Multi layers ceramic capacitors ) devido, principalmente, a sua alta constante dielétrica e boa estabilidade da capacitância com a variação da temperatura, porém esse material apresenta também algumas limitações, como por exemplo, a oxidação de eletrodos de baixo custo. Diversas modificações no BT têm sido sugeridas na literatura, como a utilização de diferentes métodos de síntese e a dopagem com diferentes íons. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou a síntese, a sinterização e a caracterização elétrica de cerâmicas de BaTiO3 e Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 (Titanato de Bário e Cálcio BCT Barium Calcium Titanate ). Para a síntese dos pós foi utilizado o método sol-gel proteico, neste método, a água de coco é utilizada como agente polimérico, ao invés dos alcóxidos convencionais. Para a caracterização das amostras foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise térmica diferencial, termogravimetria, difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de impedância. Os pós calcinados a 1100°C bem como as cerâmicas sinterizadas a 1350°C e apresentaram fase cristalina única, com boa homogeneidade microestrutural e densidade relativa superior a 90%. O valor da constante dielétrica à temperatura ambiente foi de 1200 para o BT e 680 para o BCT com perda dielétrica de 4,8% e 1,8%, respectivamente. Além disso, as cerâmicas de BCT apresentaram uma temperatura de Curie em média 14 °C acima dos valores observados na Literatura. Por ultimo, as energias de ativação dos processos condutivos nas regiões de grão e de contorno de grão foram obtidas seguindo dois procedimentos distintos: i) utilizando o modelo de brick-layer; e ii) utilizando a frequência de relaxação média de cada região da cerâmica, grão e contorno de grão. Os valores obtidos pelos dois métodos concordaram entre si e sugerem que o mecanismo de condução dominante ocorre por vacâncias de O2- formadas ainda durante o processo de sinterização.

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24

Sjuts, Inga [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Topology and function of the inner envelope protein Tic110 / Inga Sjuts ; Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1159879796/34.

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25

Rossi, Martina. "Caratteristiche qualitative delle carni di polli alimentati con proteine della soia innovative". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Questo lavoro di tesi ha avuto lo scopo di valutare l’effetto della sostituzione parziale o totale della fonte proteica con soia non convenzionale sulle caratteristiche qualitative (pH e colore), sulle proprietà tecnologiche (capacità di ritenzione idrica, tenerezza) e sul contenuto di amminoacidi liberi, composti istidinici e del metabolismo energetico delle carni di pollo. La prova è stata condotta su 48 muscoli Pectoralis major suddivisi in 4 gruppi (N=12/gruppo) in funzione del livello di sostituzione della fonte proteica convenzionale con soia trattata nella prima fase di allevamento dei broiler: 0, 35, 65, 100%. L’utilizzo di soia alternativa non ha determinato variazioni significative nelle caratteristiche qualitative delle carni con l’unica eccezione rappresentata dal drip loss che è risultato superiore nei gruppi caratterizzati da una sostituzione parziale (35 e 65%) della fonte proteica. La spettroscopia 1H-NMR ha permesso di evidenziare alcune differenze nel profilo degli aminoacidi liberi così come di alcuni composti correlati al metabolismo energetico del muscolo. In particolare, le carni provenienti dai polli che hanno ricevuto una dieta contente la forma innovativa di soia hanno mostrato un aumento del livello di asparagina e di IMP ed una contemporanea riduzione della concentrazione di valina, isoleucina, leucina e aspartato con possibili risvolti sugli aspetti sensoriali della carne. Inoltre, è stato osservato un tenore superiore di creatina nelle carni ottenute da polli alimentati con la forma di soia innovativa. L’impiego di soia pre-trattata ha evidenziato limitati effetti positivi sul livello di creatina e sulla capacità di ritenzione idrica della carne senza presentare controindicazioni sugli altri parametri tecnologici. Pertanto, in ragione dei possibili vantaggi per la sostenibilità delle produzioni, l’impiego di forme innovative di soia può rappresentare una valida alternativa alle fonti attualmente utilizzate nell’alimentazione del broiler.

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26

Li, Nannan [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Characterization of two chloroplast envelope membrane proteins / Nannan Li. Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036101282/34.

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Chang, Wai Ling Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Soll. "Characterization of the protein import pathway in pea chloroplast / Wai Ling Chang. Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1067401644/34.

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28

Lotfollahi, Mohammad. "The effect of subsoil mineral nitrogen on grain protein concentration of wheat". Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl882.pdf.

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Copy of author's previously published work inserted. Bibliography: leaves 147-189. This project examines the uptake of mineral N from the subsoil after anthesis and its effect on grain protein concentration (GPC) of wheat. The overall objective is to examine the importance of subsoil mineral N and to investigate the ability of wheat to take up N from the subsoil late in the season under different conditions of N supply and soil water availability. Greenhouse experiments investigate the importance of subsoil mineral N availability on GPC of wheat and the factors that contribute to the effective utilisation of N. The recovery of N from subsoil, the effect of split N application on GPC and short term N uptake by the wheat at different rooting densities are also studied.

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29

Ackermann, Markus [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Biogenese des Rieske-Eisen-Schwefel-Proteins der Mitochondrien / Markus Ackermann. Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027669506/34.

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30

Kolli, Renuka [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Roles of OXA proteins in plant mitochondrial biogenesis / Renuka Kolli ; Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1229350128/34.

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31

Dias, Diego FÃlix. "SÃntese e caracterizacÃes de nanopartÃculas de FeCo/(Fe,Co)304 com acoplamento magnÃtico tipo exchange spring sintetizadas pelo mÃtodo sol-gel Proteico". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16021.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
NanopartÃculas de FeCo recobertas com (Fe,Co)3O4 (Magnetita dopadas com cobalto) na estrutura casca caroÃo (Core-Shell), foram sintetizadas pela rota quÃmica conhecida como Sol-Gel Proteica. Os materiais sintetizados foram caracterizados por Termogravimetria (TG), DifraÃÃo de Raios-X (DRX), Magnetometria de Amostra Vibrante (VSM), Espectroscopia MÃssbauer, Microscopia EletrÃnica de Varredura (MEV) e Microscopia EletrÃnica de TransmissÃo (MET). Os resultados mostram que o aumento da temperatura de re-oxidaÃÃo influi diretamente no tamanho da casca (Shell) bem como o aumento da razÃo entre a magnetizaÃÃo remanente pela magnetizaÃÃo de saturaÃÃo. O efeito de Exchange Spring e Exchange Bias foram observados nas curvas de histerese. A estrutura Core-Shell foi formada de maneira nÃo homogÃnea, ou seja, nem todas as partÃculas foram recobertas pela magnetita.
FeCo Nanoparticles coated with (Fe,Co)3O4 (Magnetite doped with cobalt) were synthesized by the chemical route known as Sol-Gel Protein. The synthesized materials were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), MÃssbauer spectroscopy, Scanning Electronic Miscroscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM). The results show that the increase in temperature directly influences the size of the shell (Shell) and increased the ratio of remanent magnetization to the saturation magnetization. The effect of Exchange Spring and Exchange Bias were observed in the hysteresis curves. The Core-Shell structure was formed a non-homogeneous manner, ie not all the magnetite particles were coated.

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DERIU, DANIELA. "Applicazione della tecnologia sol-gel: sintesi di un materiale ibrido biocompatibile e studio delle proprietà spettroscopiche ed elettrochimiche del citocromo c incapsulato in un bio sol-gel". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/966.

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Aim of the study is the structural characterization of a new hybrid silica biomaterial and the spectroscopic amd electrochemical behaviour of cyt c encapsulated in a bio sol-gel. In the first part of the project we investigated a new silica biomaterial synthesized through the sol-gel method. The inorganic/organic hybrids were synthesized combining an acid chitosan solution with an inorganic phase (TMOS), previously modified by the addition of calcium and phosphate ions. The structural test of the hybrids, containing a different chitosan -to silica ratios (BK1, BK2, BK3) were performed by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Hybrids spectra were compared with the bioactive sol-gel. In vivo, material bioactivity is associated to the ability to form an hydroxycarbonate apatite layer on its surface. To investigate the effect of chitosan amount on sol-gel biocompatibility, bioactivity essays were performed in vitro soaking the samples with static immersion for different time intervals (30 min, 6h e 24h) in a 0.01 M di Tris- HCl solution (pH 7.0). Ions release (Ca2+ e PO43- ) was determinated using couple induced emission spectroscopy (ICP). On BK3 surface, after sample immersion in a 0.01 M Tris-HCl for 48h, confocal microscopy has underlined the formation of crystalline aggregates. Although we can not state unequivocally that they are inequivocally composed by hydroxycarbonate apatite, we observed that the amounts of crystals increases with chitosan amount. Matrix structural changes, induced by chitosan, were investigated by swelling and permeability measurements. Swelling process was investigated to analyze hybrids stability in water environment. Permeability study, tense to clarify chitosan effect on solvent diffusion across the silica matrix, was performed using a fluorescent probe, named RubPy. Swelling measurements, demonstrate that samples weight increase, due to solvent diffusion across the matrix, is strongly correlated with chitosan concentration. Samples with high chitosan amount need longer times to reach an equilibrium state. More structural information are obtained comparing infrared spectrum of the bioactive gel with that of the hybrid material. An interesting result is the absorption band observed around 1400 cm-1, that can be ascribed to the organic modification of the silica matrix and, in particular, to the formation of Si-C bond. The ternary system, CaO- SiO2-P2O5, even if shows interesting properties, cannot be used as support for protein encapsulation; the major impediment is represented by the low pH (< 2.5); we synthesized a binary CaO-SiO2 bioactive system (bio sol-gel) which, although missing the phosphates, contains calcium, an element considered fundamental for biocompatibility. In the present work, we used the horse heart cytocrome c as a protein model. Structural properties of bio sol-gel encapsulated cyt c were investigated comparing the electronic absorption spectra and dicrioic spectra with those of the protein in solution (pH 7; 25° C) .We also investigated i) the acid-induced protein denaturation, (ii) the protein stability and (iii) the electrochemical behaviour of the embedded protein. Our data demonstrate that immobilization process do not alter protein functionality. System protein/ modified electrode show a quasi- reversible voltammetric behaviour in the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox process, for all the scan rates investigated. The experimentally formal potential, E1/2 = 0.244 V vs NHE, is very close to the formal redox potential determined for soluble cyt c at the same pH (E1/2 = 0.255 V). To investigate system stability cyclic voltammogram of the samples was run for one week; surprisingly the protein preserves its redox activity. The electronic absorption and CD spectra demonstrate that bio sol-gel encapsulated protein do not present structural changes. The acid - induced denaturation process, achieved adding an HCl solution, was investigated by following the shift of the Soret absorption band from 408nm (native state) to 395nm (denaturated protein) as a function of time. Biogel entrapped cyt c clearly requires longer time to unfold than the soluble protein.The protein undergoes denaturation more promptly when entrapped in the salt-doped sol gel (i.e., in the presence of calcium nitrate) with respect to the case it is in pure (i.e., salt missing) sol-gel. Probably, this may be ascribed to the salt that prevent a correct sol gel reticulation and induces formation of larger pores. Also, different samples unfolding kinetics can be correlated with the a different solvent diffusion The refolding process, proved that unfolding-refolding process of cyt c entrapped in the bio sol-gel is fully reversible, under the conditions investigated.

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Barion, Giuseppe. "Isoflavoni e proteina in soia. Valutazione di varietà in differenti condizioni di gestione agronomica". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425942.

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The soybean can to be a top crop for the health environment. It's a crop which fixes the atmospheric nitrogen in his tissues. The nitrogen is fixed by nitrogenase-reductase to produce high biological value Organic compound. A part of these substances remains in the soil and can to enrich the soil fertility. (organic-N availability).In the Padua University Experimental Farm, a research work has been realized for to evaluate the nutraceutical compounds production of the most important soybean varieties diffused in Italy. The nutraceutical compounds examined are isoflavones and proteins. The isoflavones and the soybean proteins are the positive effects on the human health if they are firmly integrated in the diet. (Cancer prevention, menopause symptom alleviation, reduction of the cholesterol accumulation) (Lacombe S et al 2000). This work has concerned the study of the 35 and 28 soybeans varieties during the 2005. 2006 and 2007. The varieties are cultivated in two different ways: a) biological way b) traditional way The production of the isoflavones are been evaluated in the different plant parts (germ and cotyledon) with a simple HPLC analysis method. A variability coefficient >27% has been found. A different varieties vocation for the soyfood productions has been underlined. Some varieties are good for the nutraceutical production (high contents in isoflavone compound), some varieties are good for the low content isoflavone production (baby meal). The agronomic variables have influenced the isoflavone concentration in the soybean seeds In the 2006 and 2007 a second experiment has been realized for to study the irrigation effect, the nitrogen input effect, the soil type effect, on the isoflavone and proteins production. For this study two different varieties has been chosen: Ales (high isoflavone concentration low protein concentration) and Nikir (high protein concentration and low isoflavone concentration). These varieties are grown in the water optimal availability condition and they have compared with a control non irrigated. By the results is it possible to see witch the ETM condition determine a major isoflavone concentration,(+11%) in the seeds in comparison with the control non irrigated and fertilized. This effect is more evident in the seeds produced on the stem ramification.

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Macmillan, Alexander Malcolm. "Bioencapsulation in silica sol-gel nano-pores and intrinsic protein fluorescence : ensemble and single molecule". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25772.

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The ability to measure and understand protein fluorescence depends on the development of light sources which can excite the intrinsic aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine. In recent years the time-resolved study of protein fluorescence has been limited to the excitation of tryptophan and tyrosine. The availability of the shorter wavelength, 265nm light source, allows for the excitation of phenylalanine which until recently has been limited. In this thesis the direct excitation of phenylalanine is demonstrated, using pulsed light emitting diodes, and the bi-exponential nature of its fluorescence decay is investigated, and the effect of pH on the fluorescence lifetimes. One of the major difficulties with the study of proteins is the lack of immobilisation techniques for the study of proteins at the single-molecule level, which provide little perturbation of the protein. To try to achieve this, the fabrication of novel molecular nanoenvironments, based on sol-gel techniques, which allow control and enhancement of protein fluorescence has been developed. In this thesis the application of sol-gel techniques is demonstrated for the environment sensitive trimeric form of allophycocyanin (APC) at both the ensemble and single-molecule level. The optimisation of the sol-gel technique as a generic approach to entrapment of proteins was developed using the environment sensitive probe 6-propionyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)naphthalene (PRODAN), which enabled monitoring of the hydrolysis and methanol removal stage of the process. For earlier diagnosis, ultra sensitive monitoring and breakthroughs in understanding the causes of many diseases, we urgently need to develop clinical single molecule sensing. Downstream, this might be accomplished by means of the fluorescence nanosecond/nanometre microscopy of single biomacromolecules.

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Studte, Carsten [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Characterization of the membrane protein Prat1 in the inner envelope of chloroplasts / Carsten Studte. Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027066291/34.

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Lamberti, Giorgia [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Characterization of the Arabidopsis thaliana STY8, STY17 and STY46 protein kinase family / Giorgia Lamberti. Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018615954/34.

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37

Losso, Anja. "Caratteristiche chimico-fisiche delle proteine della soia e del latte: confronto e possibili trasformazioni industriali". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di proporre una comparazione tra l’estratto di soia e il latte vaccino, partendo dalla definizione e composizione delle materie prime, descrivendo le differenti fasi del processo produttivo e soffermandosi poi sulla descrizione delle proteine, con una visione d’insieme su struttura, proprietà e caratteristiche funzionali. Viene infine fornita una descrizione delle caratteristiche del tofu, spiegando i principi alla base della coagulazione delle proteine della soia. Il primo capitolo ha l’obiettivo di introdurre la storia del consumo di soia fino ai giorni nostri, riportando poi la descrizione morfologica della pianta e le caratteristiche compositive e nutrizionali proprie del legume. Vengono descritti gli effetti benefici apportati alla salute dal consumo di isoflavoni, con successiva descrizione di tali composti. Successivamente, vengono descritte le caratteristiche dell’estratto di soia, evidenziando quali possibili modifiche il metodo di produzione può apportare all’estratto finale. L’attenzione è poi rivolta alle proteine dell’estratto di soia, con un’attenta descrizione della struttura e delle proprietà di 7S e 11S. Il secondo capitolo mette in evidenza le caratteristiche chimico-fisiche compositive del latte vaccino. Anche in questo caso è fornita una descrizione delle proteine del latte, soprattutto delle caseine, con particolare attenzione verso la loro predisposizione a formare micelle. Il terzo e ultimo capitolo presenta un confronto fra le proteine del latte e dell’estratto di soia, mettendo in luce similarità e differenze, illustrando nello specifico le proprietà che influenzano la coagulazione proteica. Si illustra, infine, il metodo di produzione del tofu, chiarendo come la scelta dei coagulanti abbia un impatto significativo sulla resa e sull’apporto di nutrienti.

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Lima, Zilma Mendes de. "âNova rota de sÃntese de nanopartÃculas de NiMn2O4 usando o MÃtodo Sol-Gel ProtÃicoâ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6602.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Esse trabalho consiste na obtenÃÃo de uma nova rota de sÃntese para o manganato de nÃquel (NiMn2O4) atravÃs do mÃtodo sol-gel protÃico, utilizando a gelatina comestÃvel como precursor orgÃnico, bem como uma caracterizaÃÃo do mesmo. A sÃntese das nanopartÃculas foi realizada atravÃs da diluiÃÃo de sais inorgÃnicos (NiCl2.6H2O, MnCl2.4H2O) e gelatina em Ãgua destilada com a adiÃÃo de hidrÃxido de sÃdio (NaOH) em soluÃÃo. Em seguida foi colocada em uma estufa com temperatura fixa de 100ÂC para que fosse seca. As amostras foram calcinadas numa faixa de temperatura de 600ÂC Ã 1000ÂC por um tempo prÃ-determinado. O forno utilizado na calcinaÃÃo possui um formato tubular com sistema rotativo e inclinaÃÃo ajustÃvel, cujo principal objetivo Ã a obtenÃÃo de uma maior homogeneizaÃÃo das partÃculas. Foi realizada uma caracterizaÃÃo microestrutural cujos parÃmetros calculados foram o tamanho e a microdeformaÃÃo das nanopartÃculas. As tÃcnicas empregadas para essa anÃlise foram: a difraÃÃo de raios-X com o uso do mÃtodo Rietveld de refinamento de estrutura; a fluorescÃncia de raios-X com o intuito de comprovar a estequiometria dos elementos presentes na sÃntese; medidas magnÃticas com o objetivo de encontrar propriedades magnÃticas do composto (NiMn2O4) e as anÃlises tÃrmicas TG e DSC para a determinaÃÃo das perdas de massa e energia de ativaÃÃo do material, durante o processo de sinterizaÃÃo. Todos os recursos e tÃcnicas aplicadas na obtenÃÃo desse composto tÃm como objetivo otimizar o processo de sua obtenÃÃo; com diminuiÃÃo de energia, tempo e custo
This work presents a new route for the synthesis of nickel manganate (NiMn2O4) through the sol-gel protein method, using gelatin as an organic precursor. The synthesis of nanoparticles was performed by dilution of inorganic salts (NiCl2.6H2O, MnCl2.4H2O) and gelatin in distilled water with the addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This solution was then placed in an oven at a fixed temperature of 100ÂC to make it dry. The samples were calcined in a temperature range of 600ÂC to 1000ÂC for a predetermined time. The oven used in calcination has a tubular shape and is provided with rotation and adjustable tilt, whose main objective is to obtain a greater homogenization of the particles. Particle size and microstrain were calculated from the parameters obtained from the microstructural characterization. The technique used for this analysis ware: the X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method of structure refinement; the technique of X-ray fluorescence was applied in order to prove the stoichiometry of the elements present in the synthesis; magnetic measurements in order to find the magnetic properties of the compound (NiMn2O4) and the thermal analysis TG and DSC were performed to determine the loss of mass and energy variation of the material during the sintering process. The technique used to obtain nickel manganate allowed the optimization of the process. Thus obtaining the desired material with lower energy consumption, shorter time and lower cost than other processes commonly employed

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39

Soares, Felipe Mascarenhas dos Santos. "Síntese e caracterização do aluminato de estrôncio dopado via sol-gel modificado para aplicação como pigmento cerâmico". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3533.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In the present work, Dy3+ co-doped SrAl2O4:Eu3+ was produced via proteic sol-gel method, a modified sol-gel route which allows the formation of oxides at lower temperatures than other methods. CO2 laser sintering was used as a method for heat treatment, effective in reducing trivalent europium ions in doped samples. Thermal analysis of the precursors, performed by TG and DTA, revealed that the crystallization of SrAl2O4 phase occurs at approximately 1060 °C. By X-ray diffractometry of the samples characterized before and after sintering was verified monoclinic and hexagonal phases formation. DLS technique revealed the presence of nanosized and micrometric particles, and particle agglomerates, result which was confirmed by SEM images before and after sintering. Micrographs of the fracture surface of a sintered pellet revealed a high degree of densification caused by heat treatment. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the samples after synthesis and before the heat treatment with laser have reddish emission, composed of characteristic narrow emission lines from Eu3+ and more intense emission when the samples are excited at 265 nm. The laser treatment promotes the reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ and this effect is confirmed by the presence of a wide emission band in the green region of the spectrum with a maximum emission obtained after excitation at 350 nm. The luminescent decay time of the thermally treated sample was approximately 100 minutes. Via XRF measurements of acquired frits, DTA and TG of the frits, of the pigment and of mixtures of both, and via applications of the mixtures on ceramic plates it was noticed good compatibility in terms of thermal processes, that indicates that the pigment have a potential to be used in ceramic floor tiles.
No presente trabalho, pós cerâmicos de SrAl2O4:Eu3+, Dy3+ foram produzidos pelo método solgel proteico, uma rota de sol-gel modificada, que permite a formação do óxido em temperaturas mais baixas comparativamente a outros métodos. A sinterização a laser de CO2 foi utilizada como método para tratamento térmico, eficiente na redução dos íons trivalentes de európio das amostras dopadas. A análise térmica dos precursores, realizada por meio de DTA e TG, revelou que a cristalização da fase SrAl2O4 acontece em aproximadamente 1060 °C. Por difratometria de raios X verificou-se a formação de fase monoclínica e hexagonal nas amostras caracterizadas antes e após a sinterização. A técnica de EDL revelou a presença de partículas nanométricas, micrométricas e aglomerados de partículas, resultado este que foi confirmado por imagens de MEV de amostras antes e após a sinterização. Micrografias da superfície de fratura de uma pastilha sinterizada a laser revelaram o alto grau de densificação possibilitado pelo tratamento térmico. Medidas de fotoluminescência revelaram que as amostras após a síntese e antes do tratamento térmico a laser apresentam emissão com coloração avermelhada, composta de picos estreitos de emissão característicos do Eu3+ e com emissão mais intensa quando as amostras são excitadas em 265 nm. O tratamento a laser promove a redução do Eu3+ para Eu2+ e este efeito é confirmado pela presença de uma banda larga de emissão na região verde do espectro, com máximo de emissão obtido após excitação em 350 nm. O tempo de decaimento luminescente da amostra tratada termicamente chegou a alcançar aproximadamente 100 minutos. Por meio de medidas de FRX de fritas adquiridas, de DTA e TG de fritas, do pigmento e de misturas entre os dois, e da aplicação das misturas em placas cerâmicas foi possível observar boa compatibilidade em termos dos processos térmicos, o que aponta para um potencial uso do pigmento em placas de revestimento cerâmico.

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40

Lima, Hestia Raissa Batista Reis. "Síntese e caracterização do LiAlSi2O6 por novas rotas de produção". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5311.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The spodumene (LiAlSi2O6 - LAS) is a silicate that has shown good results for high-dose dosimetry for gamma rays. This silicate may be obtained naturally or synthetically. The synthetic spodumene has been produced by solid state reaction, whose difficulty arises from the need to employ high temperatures. This paper aims to produce LAS through two different production routes: the proteic sol-gel and Pechini methods. The material produced was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TGA) in order to evaluate the structural properties of the material, as well as possible changes in physical or chemical properties depending on the temperature. It was found by XRD and Rietveld refinement was possible to obtain LAS B-spodumene phase by both methods. The thermal analysis showed that the material for both methods suffer considerable loss of weight in the temperature range 20-600 °C. Through thermoluminescent measures, one can observe that the LAS produced by both methods shows thermoluminescent peaks from beta irradiation at a dose of 1 Gy, thus allowing its application dosimetry. It can be concluded therefore that there is the possibility of producing them in large numbers at reduced cost and environmental impact, being viable in dosimetry. It also follows that the sol-gel protein appeared to be the best way to produce the LAS compared with other routes used, such as solid state synthesis or devitrification.
O espodumênio (LiAlSi2O6 LAS) é um silicato que tem demonstrado bons resultados para dosimetria de altas doses para raios gama. Esse silicato pode ser obtido de forma natural ou sintética. O espodumênio sintético tem sido produzido por reação do estado sólido, cuja dificuldade provém da necessidade de se empregar altas temperaturas. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de produzir o LAS por meio de duas rotas de produção diferentes: a sol-gel proteica e método Pechini. O material produzido foi caracterizado através da difração de raios X (DRX), análises térmica diferencial (DTA) e termogravimétrica (TGA) com o intuito de avaliar as propriedades estruturais do material, bem como as possíveis mudanças de propriedades físicas ou químicas em função da temperatura. Verificou-se através da DRX e do refinamento Rietveld que foi possível se obter LAS na fase B-espodumênio por ambos os métodos. As análises térmicas mostraram que o material, por ambos os métodos, sofre perda considerável de massa no intervalo de temperatura de 20 a 600 °C. Através de medidas termoluminescentes, pode-se observar que o LAS produzido por ambos os métodos apresenta picos termoluminescentes a partir de irradiação beta com dose de 1 Gy, possibilitando sua aplicação dosimétrica. Pode-se concluir, assim, que há possibilidade de produção do LAS em larga escala a um custo e impacto ambiental reduzidos, sendo viável sua utilização em dosimetria. Também se conclui que o método sol-gel proteico se apresentou como sendo a melhor forma de produzir o LAS em comparação com outras rotas utilizadas, tais como síntese de estado sólido ou desvitrificação.

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41

Nogueira, NÃbia Alves de Souza. "SÃntese, caracterizaÃÃo e aplicaÃÃo de nanopartÃculas de NiFe2O4 produzidas via mÃtodo sol-gel protÃico". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11128.

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NanopartÃculas magnÃticas de NiFe2O4 foram sintetizadas pelo mÃtodo sol-gel protÃico, a partir de uma soluÃÃo aquosa contendo gelatina comestÃvel (GelitaTM) e sais de nÃquel(II) e ferro(III), apÃs a secagem uma resina foi formada e em seguida foi analisada por Termogravimetria e OxidaÃÃo Ã Temperatura Programada (OTP). As amostras de NiFe2O4 foram obtidas pela calcinaÃÃo das resinas durante 4 horas em vÃrias temperaturas (250oC, 300oC, 400oC, 600oC, 800oC e 1000oC) e em 400oC com variaÃÃo de tempo (2h, 3h e 4h). O pÃ resultante foi caracterizado por espectroscopia de infravermelho, difraÃÃo de raios X, microscopia eletrÃnica de transmissÃo (MET), microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de energia dispersiva (EDS). As propriedades magnÃticas das amostras foram investigadas por espectroscopia MÃssbauer e Medidas MagnÃticas, a temperatura ambiente; as medidas magnÃticas foram feitas em um magnetÃmetro de amostra vibrante (VSM). Os parÃmetros estruturais extraÃdos da difraÃÃo de raios X foram refinados pelo mÃtodo Rietveld; o tamanho mÃdio dos cristalitos foi determinado pela equaÃÃo de Scherrer e pelo mÃtodo grÃfico de Williamson-Hall, a partir dos valores da largura a meia altura dos picos de difraÃÃo (FWHM â Full Width at Half Maximum); pelo mÃtodo grÃfico de Williamson-Hall foi determinada a microdeformaÃÃo. O tamanho mÃdio de cristalito variou de 4,9nm atÃ 69,5nm e menores microdeformaÃÃes reduziram a diferenÃa de tamanho calculados pela equaÃÃo de Scherrer e pelo grÃfico de Williamson-Hall. A fim de indicar uma possÃvel aplicaÃÃo para as nanopartÃculas de NiFe2O4 foram realizados testes de toxicidade in vivo.
Magnetic nanoparticles of NiFe2O4 were synthesized by the proteic sol-gel method,using nickel (II) and iron (III) nitrates and aqueous solution of gelatin (GelitaTM). The dried solution in the form of resin, were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), combined with the temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO). The sampleso o o oof NiFe2O4 were synthesized at different temperatures (250 C, 300 C, 400 C, 600 C,800o C e 1000oC), the annealing time interval was of 4 h; and 400oC for differentsintering times (2h, 3h e 4h). The obtained nanoparticles werecharacterized byinfrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersivespectrometer (EDS). Magnetic properties were investigated by spectroscopy MÃssbauer and Magnetization measurements obtained at room temperature;magnetization measurements was used a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).The microstructural parameters from the X-ray powder diffraction have beendetermined by means of Rietveld analysis; nanoparticle sizes calculated by theScherrer equation and size-strain by Williamson-Hall (W-H) method, using the FullWidth at Half Maximum (FWHM) of the diffraction peaks. The average particlediameter ranges from 4,9nm to 69,5nm. Toxicity tests were performed in vivo todetermine application for NiFe2O4.

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42

Lin, Sen. "Tailoring the nanostructure of sol-gel derived bioactive glasses and investigating their interactions with proteins". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5584.

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Sol-gel derived bioactive glasses with the 70S30C composition (70 mol% SiO2 and 30 mol% CaO) have high potential as materials for bone regeneration and devices for sustained drug delivery. They bond to bone and have a unique tailorable nanoporosity, which affects protein adsorption and cellular response. The first aim of this thesis is to fully characterise the evolution of the nanoporous structure of sol-gel derived bioactive glass for the first time, to fully understand its nanostructure evolution and control. Nanoparticles that were produced early in the sol-gel process, agglomerated into larger particles during gelation and during thermal stabilisation. Calcium was found to not enter the silica network until the material was heated to 400 °C. This has implications for the homogeneity of the calcium distribution in sol-gel derived bioactive glasses. Region separation was found within sol-gel derived bioactive glass monoliths produced by the standard procedure. The calcium concentration and nanoporosity were found to be higher near the edge of the monoliths. This is believed to be caused by calcium accumulation on the outer surface of the monoliths during the drying stage of the sol-gel process. The homogeneity of monoliths was successfully improved by using Teflon moulds. To provide further control of the nanostructure of 70S30C, a method for increasing the nanopore diameter from 12 nm to 30 nm was devised by adding specific amount of trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) during the sol-gel process. A series of amounts of TMES were added at different time points during the sol-gel process. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron microscopy were used to explore the mechanisms behind the changes in nanostructure. Protein adsorption to sol-gel glass was investigated using in situ studies by monitoring the adsorption of fluorescent-labelled proteins onto various types of solgel derived bioactive glasses under confocal microscope with fibrinogen as model protein. Fibrinogen molecules were found to penetrate into inner nanopores of TheraGlass® (a commercial glass with 17 nm nanopores) whereas no penetration was found into sol-gel derived silica (with 3 nm nanopores). Protein interactions were further studied by conducting bioactivity tests with SBF supplemented with 10% serum. Apatite deposition was found inhibited by the interference of serum proteins.

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43

La, Cecilia Daniele. "Comprehensive modeling of agrochemicals biodegradation in soil: A multidisciplinary approach to make informed choices to protect human health and the environment". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20691.

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Numerical models are used to predict the dynamics of potentially hazardous pesticides in soil. Those models may account for fundamental processes affecting pesticide dynamics, such as environmental and edaphic conditions, water flow, degradation, and sorption. However, those models lack the ability to account for complex biogeochemical and ecological feedbacks, and thus create challenges in achieving robust predictions. In particular, no attention has been paid on the coupled mechanistic description of microbial dynamics and soil organic matter cycling and the implications on agrochemicals biodegradation and soil and groundwater quality. This thesis aims to provide this description by developing a comprehensive framework through a multidisciplinary approach. Microbiological regulation of pesticide dynamics was investigated by coupling theoretical and numerical approaches with experiments carried out in our environmental laboratory or sourced from the literature. We propose the use of reaction networks to highlight the possibly multiple pesticide degradation pathways and the feedbacks with macronutrient cycles. Biochemically-similar pathways are mediated by a specific microbial functional group, which represents the microbial community carrying out particular functions; these functions are biodegradation of pesticides and metabolism of carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-containing molecules. We describe biochemical reactions by means of Michaelis-Menten-Monod (MMM) kinetics. Indeed, MMM parameters fully encompass the microbial life strategies including rapid growth, high affinity for substrates, or high substrate consumption efficiency. Michaelis-Menten terms allow us to include microbial competition for substrates, growth inhibition, and the memory-associated catabolite repression herein presented. Finally, the relevance of the described processes was quantified by means of sensitivity analyses. The latter are crucial to explore the range of likely outcomes under a suite of scenarios, thus allowing one to make informed choices. Agrochemicals are accumulating in soil and water resources worldwide. The proposed high-level process coupling approach is urged to develop sustainable plans in accordance with Nature-based strategies to cope with environmental changes.

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44

Moon, Jinyoung. "Selective accrual and dynamics of proteinaceous compounds during pedogenesis: testing source and sink selection hypotheses". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77030.

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The emerging evidence of preferential accumulation and long residence time of proteinaceous compounds in soil are counter to the traditional view that their structure is readily broken down through microbial activity. The shift in thinking of their residence time is, however, heavily influenced by physical and chemical protections in soil, representing an important change for understanding global biogeochemical carbon and nitrogen cycling. We investigated the accumulation patterns of proteinogenic amino acids for a long term (thousands of years) related to their sources and sinks. We found clear patterns of change in the amino acids in a 4000 year-chronosequence adjacent to Lake Michigan, USA (Michigan chronosequence) and they were tightly related to the shifts in their biological sources, namely aboveground vegetative community (r2=0.66, p<0.0001) and belowground microbial community (r2=0.71, p<0.0001). Results also showed great variations of approximately 49% between seasons (summer and winter). Moreover, seasonal dynamic patterns (22% variations) of the amino acids in soil mineral associated fraction were rather counter to the conceptual view that it represents a slow soil organic pool with long residence times. The amino acids enriched in the mineral associated fraction, (e.g., positively charged, aromatic, and sulfur containing amino acids), tended to preferentially accumulate in whole soil pool during the 4000 years of ecosystem development. Their interaction with soil minerals, therefore, may play a critical role in the long-term sink and selective accumulation of proteinaceous compounds with some degree of the displacement. This was further confirmed by another chronosequence system near Haast River, New Zealand, which is geologically separated and climatically- and ecologically- different from the Michigan chronosequence. Common trends between two chronosequences suggested that either polar interactions or redox reactions may be relatively more important in the mineral interaction of amino acids than non-polar interactions. The consistency of results at two disparate locations in the southern and northern hemispheres is strong evidence that the processes of pedogenesis and ecosystem development are parsimonious and predictable. Our research demonstrated fundamental understanding of behavior of proteinaceous compounds at the molecular species level, and further provided their partitioning mechanisms associated with soil components.
Ph. D.

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45

Espinoza, Corral Roberto Andres [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Characterization of new proteins involved in chloroplast biogenesis from Arabidopsis thaliana / Roberto Andres Espinoza Corral ; Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1183572166/34.

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46

Yousef, Lina Fayez. "Class-I Elicitins in Relation to Sterol Acquisition and Lipid Profiling of Phytophthora sojae". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274374956.

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47

Wen, Xuejin. "Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Field-Effect and Impedance Based Biosensors". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1308312352.

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48

Patil, Manali [Verfasser] y Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Soll. "Role of putative vesicle trafficking proteins FZL, Synaptotagmin 5.2 and SNARE_AP in chloroplast development / Manali Patil ; Betreuer: Jürgen Soll". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1199872024/34.

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49

Pereira, Maurício de Sousa. "Application of oxide nanoparticles obtained by proteic sol-gel and mechanical alloying in third generation solar cells". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/25532.

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PEREIRA, M. S. Application of oxide nanoparticles obtained by proteic sol-gel and mechanical alloying in third generation solar cells. 2017. 111 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência de Materiais)-Centro de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.
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The development of new energy technologies is crucial to climate stability and security in the planet. Considering the current energy consumption on a global scale it becomes evident the need to develop new alternative energy sources, especially those that are preferentially renewable, clean and economical. Among the renewable energy sources currently used, solar energy is an attractive source because it is abundant and free of CO2 . Photovoltaic solar cells are just one of several ways to harness solar energy, converting it directly into electricity. Currently, traditional solar technologies have been used to a limited degree in energy production because of the high costs. However, third generation solar cells offer a potential route for large-scale solar energy deployment because they utilize materials that are abundant in nature and low cost production technologies. Commonly called excitonic solar cells, third generation photovoltaic devices encompass a wide variety of solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells. Both offer a technically and economically reliable alternative to the current concept of photovoltaic devices based on p-n junctions. In this doctoral thesis, nanoparticles of semiconductor oxides and spinel ferrites produced by protein sol-gel and mechanical alloying were applied to dye-sensitized and organic solar cells in order to improve their efficiency and stability. Prior to their application, the nanoparticles had their thermal, structural, optical and magnetic properties characterized. Solar cells efficiency was evaluated by electrical characterization methods such as current–voltage curves and external quantum efficiency measurements, and their stability, when applicable, was studied by accelerated and real outdoor degradation tests. Nanoparticles of semiconduncting SnO2 produced by the proteic sol-gel method were successfully applied as photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. The results confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles of rutile SnO2 with an optical absorption band in the ultraviolet region near the visible light range. The performance of the cells was found to be in line with results in the literature. Moreover, nanoparticles of Fe-doped SnO2 diluted magnetic seminconductor and CoFe2O4 spinel ferrite produced by mechanical alloying and proteic sol-gel, respectively, were applied as dopants in the active layer of organic solar cells. An improvement on photovoltaic parameters that may lead to better cell efficiency and stability was observed for devices with doped active layers. The results are indications that the addition of magnetic oxide nanoparticles in the active layer of organic solar cells has the potential to contribute to the extension of lifetime and improvement of efficiency and stability of these devices.
O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias energéticas é crucial para a estabilidade do clima e segurança do planeta. Considerando o consumo energético atual em escala global torna-se evidente a necessidade do desenvolvimento de novas fontes alternativas de energia, especialmente aquelas que são preferencialmente renováveis, limpas e econômicas. Entre as fontes de energias renováveis usadas atualmente, a energia solar é uma fonte atraente pois é abundante e livre de CO2 . Células solares fotovoltaicas são uma das várias maneiras de aproveitar a energia solar, convertendo-a diretamente em eletricidade. Atualmente, as tecnologias solares tradicionais têm sido utilizadas num grau limitado na produção de energia devido aos custos elevados. Todavia, as células solares de terceira geração oferecem uma rota potencial para implantação de energia solar em larga escala, pois utilizam materiais abundantes na natureza e tecnologias de produção de baixo custo. Comumente denominadas células solares excitônicas, dispositivos fotovoltaicos de terceira geração englobam uma grande variedade de células solares tais como células solares sensibilizadas por corante e células solares orgânicas. Ambas apresentam uma alternativa técnica e economicamente confiável ao conceito atual de dispositivos fotovoltaicos baseados em junção p-n. Nesta tese de doutorado, nanopartículas de óxidos semicondutores e ferritas com estrutura espinélio produzidos por sol-gel proteico e moagem mecânica foram aplicadas em células solares sensibilzadas por corante e orgânicas com o intuito de melhorar sua eficiência e estabilidade. Antes da sua aplicação, as nanopartı́culas tiveram suas propriedades térmicas, estruturais, ópticas e magnéticas caracterizadas. A eficiência das células solares foi avaliada por meio de métodos de caracterização elétrica como a curva corrente-voltagem e eficiência quântica externa enquanto sua estabilidade, quando foi o caso, foi estudada por testes de degradação acelerada e em condições ambientais. Nanopartı́culas de SnO2 semicondutor produzidas pelo método sol-gel proteico foram usadas com sucesso como fotoanodo em células solares sensibilizadas por corante. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a formação de nanopartı́culas esféricas de SnO2 com estrutura rutı́lio com banda de absorção óptica na região do ultravioleta próximo da faixa de luz visı́vel. O desempenho das células obtidas foi consistente com a literatura. Além disso, nanopartı́culas de óxido semi- condutor magnético diluı́do SnO 2 dopado com Fe e ferrita espinélio CoFe2O4 produzidas por moagem mecânica e sol-gel proteico, respectivamente, foram aplicadas como dopantes na camada ativa de células solares orgânicas. Foi observada uma melhora dos parâmetros fotovoltaicos que pode levar a uma melhor eficiência e estabilidade dos dispositivos com camada ativa dopada. Esses resultados indicam qua a adição de nanopartı́culas de óxidos magnéticos na camada ativa de células solares orgânicas tem o potencial de contribuir para a extensão do tempo de vida e melhoria da eficiência e estabilidade desses dispositivos.

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50

Roman, Gregory T. "The fabrication of novel microfluidic devices for chemical separation and concentration enrichment of amino acids, proteins, peptides, particles, and cells". Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/206.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Soil protein"

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