Tesis sobre el tema "Soil physics"
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Lee, Hock Seng. "An ODE/MOL PDE Template For Soil Physics". Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365588.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
Kachamba, Daud Jones. "Impact of harvesting machinery on soil physical parameters : evaluation of ProFor model in three main forestry regions of South Africa /". Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/648.
Texto completoGhassemi, Ali. "Nonparametric geostatistical estimation of soil physical properties". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63904.
Texto completoPang, Mei-yee. "The nature and magnitude of soil compaction in different human-modified habitats in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576520.
Texto completoLee, Hock Seng y n/a. "An ODE/MOL PDE Template For Soil Physics: A Numerical Study". Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030616.142709.
Texto completoWang, Yu-Hsing. "Attenuation in soils and non-linear dynamic effects". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19582.
Texto completoAraújo, Fernando Silva. "Atributos do solo e suas relações com resíduos vegetais e matéria orgânica em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256809.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T04:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo_FernandoSilva_D.pdf: 5020372 bytes, checksum: af978a8271ef4c982fd82d0d223e486b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: É crescente a demanda global por fontes de energia renováveis, tais como o etanol, o qual no Brasil, possui como principal matriz energética a cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Neste contexto faz-se necessário a incorporação de novas tecnologias, como a mecanização da colheita, para o uso racional das áreas manejadas com cana-de-açúcar. O acúmulo superficial de resíduos vegetais da cana-de-açúcar na superfície do solo promove o enriquecimento das camadas superficiais com matéria orgânica bem como o incremento do intervalo hídrico ótimo, mitigando os efeitos da compactação do solo causados pelo tráfego de máquinas no sistema de cana colhida mecanicamente sem queima. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as alterações no comportamento físico e mecânico de um Latossolo Vermelho produzido pelo enriquecimento do conteúdo de matéria orgânica e, ainda, a capacidade dos resíduos vegetais acumulados na superfície do solo dissiparem cargas aplicadas sobre o mesmo, em áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar colhidas com e sem queima. O projeto foi desenvolvido em três áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar: 1- cana-de-açúcar sem queima e corte mecanizado, desde 1996 (com 16 anos de implantação do sistema de cana crua); 2- cana-de-açúcar sem queima e corte mecanizado, desde 2004 (com 8 anos de implantação do sistema de cana crua); 3- cana-de-açúcar com queima e corte manual, desde 1973 (cana queimada). Os atributos físicos avaliados foram: análise granulométrica, consistência do solo, densidade do solo, estabilidade de agregados, porosidade do solo e resistência do solo à penetração nas profundidades de 0,00-0,10 m, 0,10-0,20 m e 0,20-0,30 m. Determinou-se ainda o intervalo hídrico ótimo para desenvolvimento das plantas. Foram avaliadas as relações entre o teor de matéria orgânica e a compressibilidade do solo, as relações entre teor de matéria orgânica do solo e a umidade crítica para a compactação e as relações entre quantidade de resíduos vegetais na superfície e a densidade do solo obtida pelo teste Proctor. Os atributos de solo estudados apresentam estrutura de dependência espacial. O intervalo hídrico ótimo e ?p mostraram-se sensíveis as alterações ocorridas no solo em detrimento dos sistemas de manejo estudados. A área sob colheita manual da cultura da cana-de-açúcar apresentou menor valor de densidade crítica para o intervalo hídrico ótimo, sendo que a maior produtividade da cultura concentrou-se nas regiões de maior amplitude do intervalo hídrico ótimo e maior capacidade suporte de carga do solo
Abstract: An increasing global demand for renewable energy sources such as ethanol, which in Brazil, has as its primary energy matrix culture of sugar cane. In this context it is necessary to incorporate new technologies, mechanization of the harvest, for the rational use of managed areas with cane sugar. The accumulation of surface plant residues of sugar cane on the soil surface promotes the enrichment of the surface layers with organic matter as well as increasing the optimal water, mitigating the effects of soil compaction caused by machinery traffic on the system cane mechanically harvested without burning. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the changes in physical and mechanical behavior of soil produced by enriching the content of organic matter, and also the ability of plant debris accumulated on the soil surface dissipate loads applied on it, in cultivated areas sugar cane harvested with and without burning. The project was developed in three areas cultivated with sugar cane: 1 - harvested with manual cutting and burning since 1973; 2 - mechanically harvested without burning since 2004 (8 years of implantation of sugarcane), 3 - mechanically harvested unburned since 1996 (16 years of implantation of sugarcane). The physical attributes were: particle size analysis, soil consistency, soil bulk density, and aggregate stability, soil porosity and soil resistance to penetration depths of 0.00 to 0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 me 0.20-0.30 m. It was determined the optimal water yet to identify the critical limits of soil density where resistance to penetration and aeration porosity are restrictive to plant development. We evaluated the relationship between the organic matter content and soil compressibility, the relationships between organic matter content and soil moisture critical for the compression and the relationship between the amount of crop residue on the surface and soil density obtained by the Proctor test. The soil attributes have studied the spatial dependence structure. The least limiting water range and ?p were sensitive to changes in the soil instead of studied treatments. The area under cultivation of manual harvesting cane sugar showed a lower value of the critical density for optimal water, and the greater crop concentrated in regions of higher altitude and lower load-bearing capacity
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Have, Henrik. "Energiforbrug ved jordbearbejdning med dobbeltdrevne harvetænder parameteridentifikation og udvikling af empiriske modeller /". [København] : DSR Boghandel, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18972138.html.
Texto completoSummary in English. NAL copy missing pages from p. 113-128. English summary "Energy requirements by soil tillage with dual-driven harrow tines"): p. 120-124. Includes bibliographical references.
Naderpour, Nader 1959. "Application of kriging to study spacial variability of soil physical properties". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65963.
Texto completoScanlan, Craig Anthony. "Processes and effects of root-induced changes to soil hydraulic properties". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Environment, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0188.
Texto completoAhlman, Björn. "Coarse-Graining Fields in Particle-Based Soil Models". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173534.
Texto completoDe, Villiers Dawid. "Characterisation of heavy mineral sands and soils by radiometry and its use in mineral benefication and agriculture". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6851.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Radioactivity is well known and well understood, but its usefulness in industrial applications to optimise processes or increase economic viability is not yet fully utilised by many industries. This study focuses on the measurement of natural radioactivity and its application in heavy mineral separation and vineyard soil classification. The gamma radiometry set-up consisted of a high purity germanium detector, a Marinelli beaker as sample container and associated electronics. It was calibrated for laboratorybased measurements by minimising the background radiation with the use of lead castle and energy and resolution calibrations. Furthermore, detection parameters were optimised; these included the counting time, the selection of gamma rays used for analysis of a sample, the peak area calculation for the detector dead time and the detector efficiency. Given that the samples had different densities and volumes, the detector efficiency had to be corrected for volume and density effects. After implementation of the corrections and optimisations the detection system was tested and found able to accurately measure radioactivity concentrations. The systematic measurement errors for 238U were 5.1 % in the case of the heavy mineral sands and 34.3 % for the vineyard soils, 4.5 % for the 232Th concentrations and 4.7 % for 40K concentrations. Statistical errors were kept below 2 %. The application of radiometry has not been done before at any South African heavy mineral separation plant. For this reason radiometry is suggested as an easier, faster and cheaper alternative to X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for effective implementation of grade control for zircon to improve the cost benefit of the heavy mineral separation process. Zircon is an example of a heavy mineral that is worldwide in demand with a consumption of more than a million tonnes per year. It is used in a wide range of industrial applications and products that include tiles, sanitary ware and plasma displays. South Africa is the second largest producer of zircon in the world and also has the second largest reserve of available zircon, making this mineral a viable source of income for several years to come. Radioactivity, in the form of uranium and thorium, and other impurities such as iron oxide and titanium oxide are found in the crystal lattice of zircon. For it to be a sellable product, the sum of the uranium and thorium concentrations must be less than 500 parts per million for prime or first grade zircon and less than 1000 parts per million for second grade zircon. At present the concentrations of uranium and thorium in zircon concentrates are measured on a whole rock basis by XRF during and at the end of the processing cycle before the final products are ready to be shipped. This is not an ideal situation as the grab samples are taken periodically and are not necessarily representative of the stream or final assignment and has resulted in significant losses by the producer. The solution is to accurately measure the uranium and thorium concentrations fast or immediately, preferably the measurements must be made online and in real time so that processing decisions can be implemented quickly to optimise the final product. Heavy mineral sand samples were obtained from the various separation processes in a Mineral Separation Plant and their 238U and 232Th concentrations determined. The results indicated that the samples’ uranium to thorium ratios together with their total concentrations can be used to differentiate between the samples (i.e. separation processes). The measurement results were compared with those obtained with XRF. The correlations with radiometry were excellent for the uranium (r2 = 0.992), thorium (r2 = 0.998) and total concentrations (r2 = 0.998). Radiometric measurements were also conducted by decreasing the counting time from 3600 s to 1 s to investigate its effect on the accuracy of the results. Correlations between the different times and 3600 s ranged from excellent to good. The obtained results are then used to recommend that radiometry is used in a Mineral Separation Plant to verify that the zircon and zirkwa meet the specifications, to optimise the entrance feed and the other separation processes and to monitor the tailings streams. Finally the practical aspects of the implementation of radiometry are discussed. As a second application was radiometry applied in an agricultural pilot study to demonstrate the applicability of radiometry as a possible useful tool in soil classification. The creation of a vineyard is a long term and expensive investment and its yield and quality will be influenced by many factors such as the type of soil, viticultural preparations and climate. Information on the different soil types in a vineyard is therefore indispensable for the optimisation of land use with respect to vine cultivar, wine quality and production. Soil samples were obtained from Kanonkop, Simonsig and Spier vineyards and their 238U, 232Th and 40K concentrations determined, assuming that fertilisers would have no effect on the results. The difference in 40K concentrations were related to the clay fraction of the soil and demonstrated that the Kanonkop and Simonsig soils are fine-grained and clay-rich compared to the sandy coarse-grained soils of Spier. The uranium and thorium concentrations were indicators of whether the mineralogy of the soil is the same as the underlying bedrock as well as soil maturity. The measurement results were compared with those obtained with XRF. The correlation with radiometry were poor for the uranium concentrations (r2 = 0.314), as many of the samples concentrations were below the XRF detection limit. The correlations were excellent for both thorium (r2 = 0.985) and potassium (r2 = 0.999). As a positive result from the findings of the study was an in-situ measurement performed by Newman et al. for the radiometric mapping of a Simonsig vineyard for soil classification.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Radioaktiwiteit is wel bekend en word goed verstaan, tog is die gebruik daarvan in industriele toepassings om prosesses te optimiseer of winsgrense te verhoog nog nie deur baie industrië ten volle benut nie. Hierdie studie fokus op die meting van natuurlike radioaktiwiteit en die toepassing daarvan in swaar mineraal skeiding en wingerd grond klassifikasie. Die gamma radiometrie opstelling het bestaan uit ‘n hoë suiwerheid germanium detektor, 'n Marinelli beker as monster houer en verwante elektronika. Dit was gekalibreer vir laboratorium gebaseerde metings deur die vermindering van die agtergrondstraling met die gebruik van lood kasteel en energie en resolusie kalibrasies. Verder was deteksie parameters geoptimaliseer, dit sluit in die teltyd, die keuse van gammastrale wat gebruik word vir die ontleding van 'n monster, die piek area berekening, die korreksie vir die detektor se dooie tyd en die detektor doeltreffendheid. Gegee dat die monsters van mekaar verskil het in terme van dighteid en volume was dit nodig om die detektor doeltreffendheid te korrigeer vir volume en digtheid effekte. Na die implementering van die korreksies en optimalisasie was die detektor stelsel getoets en was gevind dat radioaktiwiteit konsentrasies akkuraat gelewer kan lewer. Die sistematiese meet foute vir 238U was 5.1 % vir die mineraal sand en 34.3 % vir wingerd grond, 4.5 % vir 232Th konsentrasies en 4.7 % vir 40K konsentrasies. Statistiese foute was onder 2 % gehou. Die toepassing van radiometrie was nog nie voorheen by enige Suid-Afrikaanse swaar mineraal skeidings aanleg gedoen nie. Vir die rede is radiometrie voorgestel as ‘n makliker, vinniger en goedkoper alternatief teenoor XSF vir effektiewe implementering van graad beheer vir zirkon om die koste voordeel van die swaar mineral skeiding proses te verbeter. Zirkon is ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n swaar mineraal wat wêreldwyd in aanvraag is met ‘n verbruik van meer as ‘n miljoen ton per jaar. Dit word in ‘n wye reeks van industriele toepassings en produkte gebruik onder andere teëls, sanitêre ware en plasma skerms. Suid Afrika is die tweede grootste vervaardiger van zirkon in die wêreld en het ook die tweede grootste reserwe van besikbare zirkon. Dit veroorsaak dat die mineraal ‘n lewensvatbare brom van inkomste is vir nog etlike jare. Radioaktiwiteit, in die vorm van uraan en thorium, word tesame met ander onsuiwerhede soos ysteroksied en titaanoksied in zirkon se kristal rooster gevind. Om ‘n verkoopbare produk te wees moet die som van die uraan en thorium konsentrasies minder wees as 500 dele per miljoen vir prima en eerste graad zirkon en minder wees as 1000 dele per miljoen vir tweede graadse zirkon. Huidiglik word die uraan en thorium konsentrasies in die zirkon konsentraat gemeet op ‘n heel gesteente basis met X-straal fluoroskopie (XSF) gedurende en op die einde van die prosesering siklus net voor die finale produk reg is om versend te word. Dit is nie die ideale situasie nie, want die monsters word periodies geneem en is nie noodwendig verteenwoordigend van die stroom of die finale produk nie en het al tot beduidende verliese deur die vervaardiger gelei. Die oplossing is om die uraan en thorium konsentrasies vinnig of onmiddelik te meet, verkieslik moet die metings inlyn en intyds gedoen word om verwerkings besluite vinnig geimplementeer kan word om die finale produk te optimaliseer. Swaar mineraal sand monsters was verkry van die verskeie skeidingsprosesse in ‘n Mineraal Skeidings Aanleg en hul 238U en 232Th konsentrasies bepaal. Die resultate het aangetoon dat die monsters se uraan en thorium verhoudings saam met hul totale konsentrasies gebruik kan word om te onderskei tussen die monsters (oftewel die skeiding prosesse). Die meting resultate was vergelyk met dié verkry met XSF. Die korrelasies met radiometrie was uitstekend vir die uraan (r2 = 0.992), thorium (r2 = 0.998) en totale konsentrasies (r2 = 0.998). Radiometriese metings was ook uigevoer deur die teltyd te verminder van 3600 s tot 1 s om die uitwerking daarvan op die akkuraatheid van die resultate te ondersoek. Korrelasies tussen die verskillende tye en 3600 s het gewissel van uitstekend tot goed. Die bevindinge was dan gebruik om aan te beveel dat radiometrie in a Mineraal Skeidings Aanleg gebruik kan word om te verifeer dat daar aan die zirkon en zirkwa spesifikasies voldoen word, om die begin voer en ander skeidings prosesse te optimaliseer en ook die uitskot strome te monitor. Laastens is die praktiese aspekte van die implementering van radiometrie bespreek. Vir die tweede toepassing was radiometrie toepgepas in ‘n loods studie in die landbou om die toepaslikheid van radiometrie as ‘n moontlike nuttige instrument in grond klassifikasie te demonstreer. Die skepping van ‘n wingerd is ‘n lang termyn en duur belegging waarvan die opbrengs en kwaliteit beinvloed sal word deur vele faktore, onder andere die tipe grond, wynbou voorbereidings en die klimaat. Inligiting oor die verskillende grond tipes in ‘n wingerd is daarom onmisbaar vir die optimalisering van land gebruik in betrekking tot die wingerdstok kultivar, wyn kwaliteit en produksie. Radiometrie is toegepas om te demonstreer die toepaslikheid daaran as ‘n moontlike nuttige instrument in grond klassifikasie. Grondmonsters was verkry vanaf Kanonkop, Simonsig en Spier wingerde en hul 238U, 232Th en 40K konsentrasies bepaal met die aanname dat kunsmis nie ‘n uitwerking op die resultate sou hê nie. Die verskil in 40K konsentrasies was verwant aan die kleifraksie van die grond en het getoon dat die Kanonkop en Simonsig gronde is fyn korrelrig en kleiryk is in vergelyking met die sanderige growwe korrel grond van Spier. Die uraan en thorium konsentrasies het gedui op die samestelling van die grond en ook aangedui watter grond dieselfde is as die onderliggende rots. Die meting resultate was vergelyk met dié verkry met XSF. Die korrelasie met die radiometrie was sleg vir die uraan konsentrasies (r2 = 0.314) aangesien baie van die monster konsentrasies laer was as die XSF deteksie limiet. Die korrelasies was uitstekend vir beide thorium (r2 = 0.985) en kalium (r2 = 0.999). As ‘n positiewe resultaat van die studie se bevindinge was ‘n in-situ meting gedoen deur Newman et al. om ‘n Simonsig wingerd radiomeries te karteer vir grond klassifasie.
Semmel, Harald. "Auswirkungen kontrollierter Bodenbelastungen auf das Druckfortpflanzungsverhalten und physikalisch-mechanische Kenngrössen von Ackerböden /". Kiel : Institut für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, Universität Kiel, 1993. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006456235&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Texto completoZeelie, Angelique. "Effect of biochar on selected soil physical properties of sandy soil with low agricultural suitability". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20344.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Biochar has been labelled to be a key factor in the global carbon mitigation act and has been described as the modern day equivalent (terra nova) to the terra preta dark earth soils of the Brazilian Amazon. Globally biochar has been evaluated as a means to improve soil fertility and to mitigate greenhouse gases (GHGs). Little research has however been published on the effects of biochar incorporation on soil physical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pine sawmill waste derived biochar (locally-produced via slow pyrolysis – 450°C) on selected soil physical properties, soil-water dynamics and crop production and- performance, when amended to a Kroonstad (Kd 1000 – Morgendal) soil form. This soil form is commonly found in the Western Cape area (South Africa) and can be classified as having low agricultural suitability for perennial- and annual crop species. Two pot trials were carried out in an atmospheric controlled greenhouse, where winter wheat and green beans respectively were planted, with five different application levels of biochar (0t/ha, 1t/ha, 10t/ha, 50t/ha and 200t/ha). Soil physical properties namely, water-stable aggregates, bulk density and water-retention capacity along with physiochemical characterisation of the sandy soil and biochar was determined. The water-use was monitored throughout the trials (evapotranspiration, volumetric water content and biomass water use efficiency, BWUE). The above- and below ground (specific leaf traits for the green bean and the root structural development for the winter wheat) biomass was collected and analysed at harvest. There was significantly higher volumetric water content measured for the 50t/ha and 200t/ha biochar treatments. This effect can be ascribed due to a change in the soil’s tortuosity and porosity where more meso- and micro-pores were present as the biochar rate increased. The same results were evident when a water-retention curve was established in vitro by means of the sandbox method. The bulk densities were only significantly lower for the 200t/ha biochar treatments. The wheat root systems differed greatly among the fertilised biochar treatments: the 50t/ha and 200t/ha treatments had a more complex fibrous root system (more extensive branching and thinner roots) than 0t/ha, 1t/ha and 10t/ha application levels. This is attributed to the increased water-holding capacity along with a reduction of N- and P availability with increasing addition of biochar. Several leaf traits were measured for the green bean crops; however the leaf nitrogen- and carbon content, chlorophyll content index (CCI) and carbon isotope fractionation yielded the most interesting findings. Concerning the fertilised biochar treatments, there was established that the 10t/ha treatments had the highest leaf nitrogen- and carbon content. The leaf chlorophyll content did not differ significantly between the fertilised biochar treatments; however a very interesting observation was evident regarding the measured leaf CCI for the unfertilised treatments. A decreasing trend and lower leaf CCI was measured as the biochar application levels increased. This effect was ascribed to be due to a decrease in N uptake by the plants as the biochar application increased, the C/N ratio also increased, and this leading to N immobilisation. The lowest leaf carbon isotope fractionation was measured for the 10t/ha fertilised treatments and is inversely correlated with BWUE and therefore endorses the conclusion that the 10t/ha biochar application had a positive effect on the long term water use efficiency for the green bean plants. Biochar promoted aggregation in the sand-rhizosphere interface for winter wheat, increased water-holding capacity and enhanced crop performance for green beans. The findings reported here provide new information on the effect of biochar on the structural development of sandy soil, combined with biochar- and root growth effects for winter wheat; along with detailed interpretations of specific leaf traits associated with crop production for commercial green beans. The addition of biochar at low application levels (approximately 1-10t/ha to 15 cm depth) increased the biomass yield and water use efficiency of the crop species. Besides long term carbon storage, biochar can have immediate positive effects on the physical properties of sand and plant growth.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Biokoolstof word beskou as ‘n sleutel komponent rakende die wet op globale koolstofvermindering en is al beskryf as die moderne ekwivalent (terra nova) van die terra preta donker-aardgronde wat aangetref word in die Brasiliaanse Amasone. Wêreldwyd word biokoolstof tans geëvalueer met die doel om grondvrugbaarheid te verbeter asook kweekhuisgasse (KHG) se nadelige gevolge te verlig. Min navorsing was tot dus ver gedoen rakende die uitwerking met toediening van biokoolstof op grondfisiese-eienskappe. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van biokoolstof, wat afkomstig is van denne-saagmeul-afval (plaaslik geproduseer is en d.m.v. stadige perolise - 450°C) te evalueer aangaande die volgende faktore: geselekteerde grondfisiese-eienskappe, grond-waterdinamika interaksie en die uitwerking op gewasproduksie; met toediening aan 'n Kroonstad (Kd 1000 - Morgendal) grondvorm. Hierdie grondvorm word as algemeen in die Wes-Kaap (Suid-Afrika) bestempel en kan geklassifiseer word as ‘n lae-geskiktheid landbougrond vir meerjarige- en eenjarige gewasse. Twee potproewe is uitgevoer onder beheerde atmosfeer in ‘n kweekhuis, waar winter koring en groenbone geplant is, met vyf verskillende behandelings van biokoolstof (0t/ha, 1t/ha, 10t/ha, 50t/ha en 200t/ha). Die volgende grondfisiese-eienskappe is ondersoek, naamlik water-stabiele aggregaat formasie, bulkdigtheid en waterhouvermoë, asook die fisiochemiese karakterisering van die sanderige grond en biokoolstof wat gebuik is. Waterverbruik is gedurende die proewe gekontroleer (evapotranspirasie, volumetriese waterinhoud en die biomassa se water verbruiksdoeltreffendheid, BWVD). Die bo- en ondergrondse biomassa, spesifiek die blaareienskappe van die groenboontjie en die strukturele ontwikkeling van die winter koring se wortels, is tydens die oes ondersoek en ontleed. Die volumetriese waterinhoud was betekenisvol, asook hoër vir die 50t/ha en 200t/ha behandelings. Hierdie effek word toegeskryf as gevolg van 'n verandering in die grond se kronkeligheid en porositeit; waar meer meso- en mikroporieë teenwoordig was soos die biokoolstof inhoud toegeneem het. Dieselfde resultate was verkry met die opstelling van ‘n water-retensie kurwe in vitro d.m.v. die Sandboks metode. Bulkdigtheid was slegs betekenisvol verskilled asook aansienlik laer vir die 200t/ha biokoolstof behandelings. Die koring se wortelstelsel het drasties verskil tussen die verskillende bemeste biokoolstof behandelings: die 50t/ha en 200t/ha behandelings het 'n meer komplekse en veselagtige wortelstelsel gevorm (hoër graad van vertakking en dunner wortels was aanwesig) as die 0t/ha, 1t/ha en 10t/ha behandelings. Die effek word toegeskryf aan die toenemende waterhouvermoë, tesame met 'n tekort aan N- en P-beskikbaarheid soos die biokoolstof toedieningshoeveelhede verhoog het. Verskeie blaareienskappe is gemeet vir die groenboon gewasse, maar die blaar stikstof- en koolstof-inhoud, chlorofil inhoud indeks (CII) en koolstof-isotoop fraksionering het die mees interessante bevindinge opgelewer. Die hoogste blaar stikstof-en koolstof-inhoud is gemeet vir die 10t/ha bemeste biokoolstof behandelings. Die blaar chlorofil inhoud het nie beduidend verskil tussen die bemeste biokoolstof behandelings nie, maar daar was egter 'n baie interessante waarneming vir die onbemeste biokoolstof behandelings. ‘n Tendens was aanwesig waar die CII afgeneem het soos die biokoolstof toedieningshoeveelheid ook afgeneem het vir die onbemeste behandelings. Die effek word toegeskryf as gevolg van 'n afname in N-opname deur die plant soos die biokoolstof toedieningshoeveelheid verhoog is en tot gevolg gehad het dat die C/N-verhouding ook toegeneem het, wat gelei het tot N-immobilisasie. Die laagste blaar koolstof-isotoop fraksionering was geassioseer met die 10t/ha bemeste biokoolstof behandelings en is omgekeerd gekorreleerd met BWVD en onderskryf dus die gevolgtrekking dat die 10t/ha biokoolstof behandeling 'n positiewe uitwerking het op die langtermyn waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid vir groenboontjie plante. Biokoolstof het aggregasie bevorder binne die wortelsone, asook deurgans die waterhouvermoë verhoog en gewasproduksie verbeter. Hierdie bevindinge lewer nuwe inligting oor die effek van biokoolstof op die strukturele ontwikkeling van sanderige grond en die gekombineerde interaksie met biokoolstof toediening en hoe dit wortegroei beïnvloed van winter koring; asook 'n gedetailleerde interpretasie van spesifieke blaareienskappe wat verband hou met die produksie van gewasse vir kommersiële verbouing soos die groenboontjie. Die toediening van biokoolstof by die lae hoeveelhede (ongeveer 1-10t/ha tot op 15 cm diepte) het die opbrengs en waterverbruiksdoeltreffendheid van die gewasse verbeter. Behalwe vir die langtermyn koolstofvaslegging, kan biokoolstof toediening onmiddellike positiewe resultate teweeg bring aangaande die fisiese eienskappe van sandgronde en plantegroei.
Minasny, Budiman. "Efficient Methods for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/853.
Texto completoMinasny, Budiman. "Efficient Methods for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties". University of Sydney. Land, Water & Crop Sciences, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/853.
Texto completoRichman, Jacinda. "Soil physical properties under the influence of different mechanical weeders". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0003/MQ44259.pdf.
Texto completoChan, Wing-ho Michael. "Characteristics and genesis of soils in Hong Kong's Fung Shui woodlands". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2275362X.
Texto completoShahidi, Seyed-kazem. "The effects of narrow seeding points on soil structure, seed placement and crop growth in direct drilling systems". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5255.pdf.
Texto completoBeniston, Joshua W. "Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Tallgrass Prairie Land Management". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253558307.
Texto completoPeterson, Bryan. "Integration of deformable tire-soil interaction simulation capabilities in physics-based off-road mobility solver". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2258.
Texto completoBois, Claudette Hélène. "The effect of timber harvest and wildfire on soil physical and nutritional dynamics in two boreal forest ecosite types in eastern Manitoba /". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80229.
Texto completoThe research presented herein took place in the Manitoba Model Forest (MBMF), located in eastern Manitoba, where the natural disturbance regime is wildfire. Timber harvest strategies used in the area are designed to emulate a wildfire (5% retention of standing timber and extensive slash inputs) and clearcut harvesting. The objective of this study was to document changes in forest floor and soil properties prior to and following harvesting, and to compare these properties to those found in a small wildfire that burned in the MBMF in late summer 1998, which serves as a benchmark to the harvest. In the two study areas, both thin mineral soil (5--20 cm) and moderately deep mineral soil (20--100 cm) ecosite types were monitored at four dates over a two year period for soil physical and nutritional response patterns.
Blank, L. Aaron Jr. "Models of Disordered Media and Predictions of Associated Hydraulic Conductivity". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1164985765.
Texto completoLima, Renato Paiva de. "Tensões e deformações em solos devido ao tráfego agrícola: medições e simulações". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-09082017-151718/.
Texto completoCompaction due to agricultural field traffic has become one of the major problems of soil degradation. Prediction models have been used to investigate the impact of the traffic on physical soil attributes. In this study, relationships among mechanical parameters which describing soil compression and physical attributes are established, the accuracy of the estimation are field-tested, physical soil limitations are quantified due to the traffic effect, the sensitivity of compaction indicators are evaluated, and a soil strength prediction system for Brazilian soils is described, implemented and proposed. Regression were used to estimate the soil mechanical parameters, and simple models were proposed as a function of the initial bulk density and matric suction. Field tests were used to evaluate the accuracy of the estimations, and good agreement was observed between measurements and simulations. On simulated scenarios, compacted soils were quite sensitive to the variation of limiting factors for the plants, measured by the least limiting water range. Post-traffic penetration resistance and matric suction measurements did not replace direct volume variation evaluations in the soil compaction diagnosis. A fundamental model of soil strength calculation as a function of the applied stress was proposed, and machinery, tyre and soil parameters can be used to predict the risk of compaction for Brazilian Oxisols.
Reyes, Javier. "EXPLORING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL AND CROP PROCESSES FOR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/107.
Texto completoMorais, Tatiane Pereira Santos [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos atributos do solo sob diferentes ocupações na microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Fazenda Glória Em Taquaritinga (SP)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100854.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A retirada da cobertura vegetal original e a implantação de áreas de pastagem e canade- açúcar, com práticas de manejo inadequadas, acarretam modificações nas propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas dos solos, com limitações na utilização agrícola e susceptibilidade à erosão. Assim, estudos dos processos físicos e químicos são importantes para avaliar as mudanças de origem natural ou antrópica sobre os meios. O estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os atributos químicos e físicos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo em três microbacias hidrográficas, em áreas de vegetação nativa, pastagem e cana-de-açúcar bem como analisar a ocorrência das áreas de maior escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, maior predisposição ao processo erosivo nas microbacias. A área de estudo compreendeu a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Fazenda Glória, Município de Taquaritinga, Estado de São Paulo. Para a amostragem do solo foi realizada a caracterização do volume superficial, e essas amostras foram coletadas na superfície das vertentes das microbacias e em cada uso/ocupação selecionado. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados por meio da comparação de médias para o teste de Tukey a 5%. A partir das curvas de nível da carta topográfica e dos pontos levantados com receptor geodésico de navegação com metodologia diferencial foi gerado uma malha de pontos georreferenciados em cada microbacia, para gerar o modelo numérico do terreno a partir da incorporação dos divisores de água e da rede de drenagem. As avaliações dos atributos físicos e químicos dos solos nas microbacias hidrográficas e em diferentes tipos de uso e ocupação demonstraram uma diferença significativa entre as áreas. O manejo do solo alterou os atributos químicos e físicos com impacto nas camadas superficiais do solo. A matéria orgânica foi um dos atributos mais sensíveis...
The removal of original vegetation cover and the deployment of pastures and sugarcane, with inadequate management practices, cause changes in the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils, with limitations on agricultural use and susceptibility to erosion. Thus, studies of physical and chemical processes are important to assess changes of natural development or anthropic on the means. The study was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of a Ultisol in three watersheds, in areas of native vegetation, pasture and sugarcane, as well as, analyze the occurrence of the areas of greatest runoff and, consequently, greater predisposition to erosive processes in watersheds. The study area was the Córrego da Fazenda Glória watershed, Municipality of Taquaritinga, State of São Paulo. Soil sampling was performed to characterize the superficial volume, and these samples were collected on the surface of the watersheds and in three different land use selected. The results obtained were evaluated by the comparison of averages for the Tukey test at 5%. From the curves in a topographical map and from points collected with geodetic navigation receiver in a differential methodology was generated a digital elevation method in each watersheds. The assessments of physical and chemical attributes of soils in hydrographic watersheds and different land uses demonstrated a significant difference between the areas. Soil management altered the chemical and physical attributes impact in the soil superficial layers. The organic matter was one of the attributes more sensitive to changes due to agricultural practices. The digital terrain model showed a great potential, considering the scale of study of watersheds; and can help in spatial planning, urban and regional planning and zoning
彭美兒 y Mei-yee Pang. "The nature and magnitude of soil compaction in different human-modified habitats in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576520.
Texto completoPeter, Prince Chinedu. "Implication of tillage, texture and mineralogy on the sieving efficiency, physical-based soil organic matter and aggregate stability of some soils in the Eastern Cape". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2710.
Texto completoNatho-Jina, Sultana. "Measurements and analyses of runoff characteristics on subsurface drained farmlands". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65357.
Texto completoKusumo, Bambang Hari. "Development of field techniques to predict soil carbon, soil nitrogen and root density from soil spectral reflectance : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Soil Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand". Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1015.
Texto completoEastman, Christopher Mark. "Soil Physical Characteristics of an Aeric Ochraqualf amended with Biochar". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316548127.
Texto completoJackson, Eric Alan. "Towards a Prediction of Landscape Evolution from Chemical Weathering and Soil Production". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1516116071724445.
Texto completoSouza, Gustavo Soares de. "Controle de tráfego agrícola e seus efeitos nos atributos do solo e na cultura da cana-de-açúcar". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256816.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T23:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_GustavoSoaresde_D.pdf: 2647640 bytes, checksum: 16829b5386093b4e4869edac0f73f3e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: O sistema de produção da cana crua, sem queima da palha e com frequente uso da mecanização agrícola promove o tráfego intenso sobre o solo, resultando na sua compactação. O sistema de manejo com controle de tráfego agrícola representa uma alternativa viável para o setor agrícola, pois separa as zonas de tráfego e não tráfego, concentrando a passagem de pneus em linhas permanentes, diminuindo a influência da compactação sobre a cultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os sistemas de manejo com e sem controle de tráfego agrícola em relação à qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho, indicada por meio da análise de atributos físicos e mecânicos do solo, e seu efeito na cana-de-açúcar colhida mecanicamente e sem queima. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em lavoura comercial com os manejos: ausência de controle de tráfego (T); controle de tráfego com ajuste da bitola do trator e transbordos para 3,0 m (CT1); e controle de tráfego com ajuste da bitola e piloto automático. Os atributos do solo avaliados foram: densidade, porosidade, resistência à penetração, conteúdo de água, estabilidade de agregados, teor de carbono e curva de retenção de água do solo. O solo foi amostrado nas linhas de plantio e do rodado e no canteiro, nas camadas 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m. A qualidade física do solo foi avaliada por meio do intervalo hídrico ótimo. A estrutura do solo foi avaliada por meio de análise de imagens digitalizadas de monólitos de solo, quantificando a forma e tamanho dos poros. Foram coletadas amostras indeformadas para análise da capacidade de suporte de carga do solo. A cana foi colhida mecanicamente e a produtividade medida por meio de balança específica para transbordo. Amostras de colmo foram coletadas em cada parcela para determinação das variáveis tecnológicas. As raízes foram coletadas em monólitos, separadas do solo por peneiramento. Densidade, porosidade e resistência do solo a penetração demonstraram diferenças entre os sistemas de manejo, com melhores condições físicas nos manejos com controle de tráfego na linha da soqueira e no canteiro. Os índices de agregação e o teor de carbono do solo não diferiram entre os manejos. Foram observadas alterações na retenção de água do solo entre tratamentos. O intervalo hídrico ótimo foi maior no canteiro e linha de plantio nos manejos com controle de tráfego. Predomínio de poros arredondados e complexos indicaram maior porosidade e menor compactação no manejo com controle de tráfego na linha de plantio. A testemunha apresentou maior pressão de pre- consolidação na linha de plantio, enquanto o manejo com controle de tráfego apresentou maior capacidade de suporte de carga na linha do rodado. Os manejos com controle de tráfego apresentaram maior produtividade e rendimento de açúcar. As variáveis tecnológicas não diferiram entre os manejos. O manejo com controle de tráfego apresentou maior massa seca, superfície e volume radicular. Os manejos com controle de tráfego proporcionaram compactação na linha do rodado e preservaram a qualidade física do solo na região da soqueira, resultando no maior desenvolvimento do sistema radicular, com aumento de 18% na produtividade e 20% no rendimento de açúcar
Abstract: The sugarcane production system without straw burning and with frequent use of agricultural mechanization promotes the excessive traffic on the soil, resulting in their compaction. The management with controlled traffic farming is a viable alternative for the agricultural sector, because it separates the areas of traffic and no-traffic, focusing on the passage of tires in permanent lines, reducing the influence of compaction on the crop. The objective this work was to compare the management systems with and without controlled traffic farming in relation to soil physical quality, indicated by the analysis of attributes physical and mechanical soil and its effects on sugarcane harvested mechanically and without burning. The research was developed in a commercial farm with the managements: non-controlled traffic (T); controlled traffic with adjustment of the tractor and trailer gauge to 3.0 m (CT1), and controlled traffic with adjustment of the gauges and autopilot (CT2). The soil attributes evaluated were: bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, water content, aggregate stability, carbon content and soil water retention curve. Soil samples were collected in plant and wheel rows and in the seedbed, in the layers 0.00 to 0.10; 0.10 to 0.20 and 0.20 to 0.30 m. The soil physical quality was evaluated using the least limiting water range. The soil structure was evaluated by digitized images analysis of soil monoliths, quantifying shape and size of the pores. Undisturbed samples were collected for analysis of soil load carrying capacity. The sugarcane was mechanically harvested and the productivity was measured by weighing the sugarcane trailer. Sugarcane stalks were collected from each plot to determine the technological variables. The roots were collected in monoliths, separated from the soil by sieving. Bulk density, porosity and penetration resistance showed differences among management systems, with better physical conditions in the managements with controlled traffic in the plant row and seedbed. The aggregation indices and carbon content didn't differ between managements. There were changes in soil water retention curve between treatments. The least limiting water range was higher in the seedbed and plant row in the controlled traffic. Predominance of rounded and complexes pores showed higher porosity and lower compaction in the controlled traffic in the plant row. The management with non-controlled traffic had a higher soil preconsolidation pressure in the plant row, while the management of controlled traffic had a higher load carrying capacity in the wheel row. The management of controlled traffic had a higher cane productivity and sugar yield. The technological variables didn't differ between managements. The handling with controlled traffic had higher dry mass, surface and volume of roots. The management with controlled traffic promoted soil compaction in wheel row and preserved the soil physical quality in the plant row, resulting in greater root development, with 18% increase in productivity and 20% on yield of sugar
Doutorado
Engenharia de Água e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Vig-Dinescu, Ina. "Tillage, rotation, and N fertilizer rate effects on surface soil physical properties". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28031.
Texto completoLima, Cláudia Liane Rodrigues de. "Compressibilidade de solos versus intensidade de tráfego em um pomar de laranja e pisoteio animal em pastagem irrigada". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-24052004-160909/.
Texto completoIn the last years new strategies have been developed to obtain increment of the agricultural productivity maintaining the soil quality. However, the agricultural lands quality is decreasing as a consequence of the soil compaction process. Soil compaction is considered as one of the main factors responsible for the reduction of the cultures productivity. Researches related to soils formed under the influence of temperate climate have described the process of soil compression, and developed models that relate this process with the soil intrinsic attributes. Studies have also shown that the soil compression process depends on the soil management practices. However, it is still necessary to develop studies that allow a better understanding the compaction process of soils developed under tropical climate. In this context, this research tested the hypothesis that the soil compaction process is influenced differently by the management practices, due to the alterations that induce on the soil physical properties. The general objective of this study was to evaluate quantitatively the compaction process, and the indicators compression index and preconsolidation pressure of soils submitted to different traffic intensities in an orchard, and different animal trampling intensities in an irrigated short duration grazing system, and to obtain relationships that allow to estimate these indicators using easily measurable soil attributes. The specific objectives were: i) to determinate the influence of different traffic intensities in the soil compaction process, and in the compression index and preconsolidation pressure of an Haplustox under an orange orchard, and to use these indicators to evaluate the soil compaction heterogeneity; ii) to evaluate the influence of the animal trampling on the soil compressibility of an Hapludalf submitted to two rotation short-duration grazing systems: not irrigated and irrigated; and iii) to obtain functions that allow to estimate the load support capacity using an easily measurable and very important soil property for plant growth; i.e. the soil resistance to penetration. The results related to the first objective indicated that the compaction process was influenced by the traffic intensity, since that the preconsolidation pressure values were different between the sampling positions; i.e., between wheel track, wheel track, canopy projection, and row. The preconsolidation pressure demonstrated to be a more sensitive indicator than the compression index in the evaluation of the soil compaction heterogeneity in an orange orchards. The results related to the second objective have indicated differences in the soil compressibility, which in turn were expressed in the soil compression curves of the irrigated and not irrigated rotation short-duration grazing systems. The successive grazing cycles have induced increases of the soil preconsolidation pressure values of the two grazing systems, being significantly greater in the irrigated rotation short-duration grazing system. The results related to the third objective have demonstrated the existence of a significant, positive and linear relationship between the preconsolidation pressure values and the soil mechanical resistance that were measured in the laboratory and in the field. These results make possible to state that the soil load support capacity can be estimated using an easily measurable soil property; i.e. the soil resistance to penetration.
Toigo, Sonia. "Remediação mecânica e biológica da compactação inicial de um nitossolo vermelho cultivado com trigo". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/272.
Texto completoSoil compaction is usually observed in soil cultivated at no-tillage system. Soil compaction is caused by accumulation of pressure exerted by machines and animal that travels on the soil. Soil compacted affect the crops development and yield, mainly because decrease the water disponibility, reduce the soil aeration and restrict root growth because increase the soil resistance to penetration. This study was performed at the experimental area of Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Campus Dois Vizinhos, State of Paraná, Brazil. The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the change in soil physical properties and a Wheat grain yield in an Oxisol (Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, Brazilian Soil Classification System) submited to three initials compaction levels. The experimental design was a two-factors split-plot arranged in complete random blocks, with three repetitions. The main plots had three compaction levels: continuous no-tillage (PDC); no tillage with chiseling (PDE); no tillage with additional compaction (PDA). The subplots had the soil management systems: chiseling every two years; oil seed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivated every two years, in the Fall; pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) cultivated every two years, in the Fall; and a control treatment without green manure and chiseling. The results showed that the chiseling reduced bulk density at depth 0,05 – 0,10 m, compared with levels continuous no-tillage and additional compaction, but, did not enhance performance the wheat. The soil chiseling or cover crops cultive showed effects on the physics soil properties evaluated, total porosity and resistance to penetration and increased the number of grains per spikelet The wheat yield wasn’t sensitive to changes on physics soil properties observed in the soil with different initial levels compaction and soil management systems.
Likuku, Alfred Sello. "The influence of topography and vegetation canopy on the deposition of atmospheric particulates studied with 210Pb and 137Cs soil inventory measurements". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1751.
Texto completoJunior, Afrânio Ferreira Neves. "Avaliação da qualidade física de solos em pastagens degradadas da Amazônia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-03032006-163321/.
Texto completoThe Brazilian Amazon region has extensive areas that had been deforested and converted into pasture systems. The absence of adequate techniques in implementation and management of these pastures resulted in pasture degradation in several areas. Field experiments with objective of reverting the degradation process are being evaluated in this study. The field site was located at the Nova Vida farm, Ariquemes county, Rondonia State, Brazil. The soil at the farm was classified as Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo in agreement with Brazilian classification system. The treatments consisted of two no-tillage systems (rice and soybeans), weed control using herbicides, harrowing and control pasture. The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR), soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and soil air permeability were also evaluated. There was no significant difference between treatments under evaluation. The soil estudied did not show physical restrictions to plants growth. Soil structure variations are better evaluated when the factors that affect directly plant growth are integrated in a single parameter. The soil physical properties evaluated were less sensitive than the LLWR to alterations caused by the management systems. The LLWR has a great potential as a soil physical quality index in the evaluation of experiments designed to recover degraded pastures because it integrates in a single parameter the factors directly related to plant growth.
Peralta-Hernandez, Ana Rosa. "El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on hydro-ecological parameters in central Mexico". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298799.
Texto completoSchrön, Martin [Verfasser] y Sascha [Akademischer Betreuer] Oswald. "Cosmic-ray neutron sensing and its applications to soil and land surface hydrology : on neutron physics, method development, and soil moisture estimation across scales / Martin Schrön ; Betreuer: Sascha Eric Oswald". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-395433.
Texto completoSchrön, Martin [Verfasser] y Sascha Eric [Akademischer Betreuer] Oswald. "Cosmic-ray neutron sensing and its applications to soil and land surface hydrology : on neutron physics, method development, and soil moisture estimation across scales / Martin Schrön ; Betreuer: Sascha Eric Oswald". Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218601922/34.
Texto completoSouza, Francisco Carlos Almeida de. "Atributos físicos de solos submetidos à escarificação na linha de plantio e em área total para cultivo da cana-de-açúcar /". Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143900.
Texto completoBanca: Ricardo Augusto Martins Cordeiro
Banca: José Eduardo Corá
Resumo: O preparo do solo é uma operação de alto custo na reforma do canavial, portanto medidas para a redução desse custo são desejáveis, desde que propiciem boas condições físicas para o desenvolvimento das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos físicos de Latossolo Vermelho e de Argissolo Amarelo após o preparo do solo e após o plantio da cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas grandes e uniformes com dois tratamentos e dez repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram no preparo do solo para plantio da cana-de-açúcar: escarificação na linha de plantio e escarificação em área total. Após o preparo do solo e após o plantio, foram coletadas amostras indeformadas de solo em cada parcela experimental, em quatro camadas: 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40 e 0,40-0,60 m em dois locais de amostragem, na linha e na entrelinha de plantio. Foi avaliada a resistência à penetração, a densidade do solo, a porosidade total, a macroporosidade e a microporosidade. Os resultados indicaram que o Latossolo Vermelho foi mais susceptível que o Argissolo Amarelo às alterações nos atributos físicos do solo após as operações de plantio da cana-deaçúcar até a camada de 0,40 m. Para o Latossolo Vermelho, após as operações de plantio da cana-de-açúcar foi verificado redução nos valores dos atributos físicos do solo na camada superficial. Para o Argissolo Amarelo, as operações de plantio da cana-de-açúcar não influenciaram nos valores dos atributos físicos. A escarificação do s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The soil tillage demands a high cost operation to repair the canebrake. So, it is necessary some activities to reduce these costs to get good physical conditions for plant development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical attributes of Oxisol and Ultisol, after the soil have been prepared and after sugar cane plantation. The experimental approach was in big and uniforms parcels with two treatments and ten repetitions. The treatment was made in the prepare of soil and in the cane plantation: chiselling in the planting line and in total area. After the soil has been prepared, also after planting sugar cane, some undeformed samples of soil was collected in each experimental parcel, in four layers: 0,00-0,10; 0,10-0,20; 0,20-0,40 and 0,40-0,60 m in two different place, in the line and between line of planting area. It was also evaluated the resistance and penetration, soil density, total porosity, macro and micro porosity. The results indicates that Oxisol was more susceptible than Ultisol to alterations in the soil physical attributes after operations in cane plantation until the layer 0,40 m. For the Oxisol, after the plantation of sugar cane, was verified some reduction of values in soil physical attributes in the superficial layer. For Ultisol, the operations in the planted area of sugar cane did not influence in these attributes values. The chiselling of soil was done just in the planting line of sugar cane, it indicates that the chiselling is more recommended ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Santos, Caroline Valverde dos. "Classificação taxonômica e atributos físico-químicos de solos com usos em vitivinicultura na serra do sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/187271.
Texto completoThe State of Rio Grande do Sul is responsible for 90% of the national production of grapes, mainly for the elaboration of fine wines. The municipality of Encruzilhada do Sul presents ideal edafoclimatic potential for the production of grapes that supply large wineries in the Serra Gaúcha. However the indiscriminate use of the soil can result in a degradation of the soil. This work was divided into three studies, which aimed to identify the soil classes occurring in the vineyard, according to the morphological description and analysis of the chemical and physical attributes of the superficial and subsurface horizons; To evaluate the effect of the management on the chemical quality of the soil of a commercial vineyard in areas with 4, 9 and 16 years of management after planting Vitis vinifera L. cv. Pinot Noir for the preparation of sparkling wines; To evaluate the effect of the traffic of agricultural machines on the physical quality of the soil of a commercial vineyard with different years of driving after planting the seedlings. Analyzes of profiles of 8 trenches were carried out in the field and with laboratory analyzes. The study of soil chemical and physical attributes used as soil quality indicators was carried out to evaluate the effect of vineyard management at 4, 9 and 16 years of age after planting the seedlings. For the analysis of soil chemical quality, undisturbed soil samples were collected at depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50 and 50-60 cm in three replicates. The physical attributes of the soil were analyzed in the same areas and depths, which were collected in the traffic site of the wheel tracks of the tractor (WT), between the wheel tracks (BWT), and in the area under the line projection of the canopy (CLP). 80% of the property consists of diversified Argissolos, in addition to Cambisols, these are ideal for vine growing. In addition to these soils, the presence of Gleissolo was identified in the property, which are not recommended for cultivation due to its hydromorphic character. A reduction in soil acidity and an increase in fertility can be observed due to the vineyard's cultivation history. For the analysis of soil physical quality indicators, soil samples were collected at the same depths, at three sites in the interline: between rounds, rounds and planting line. The area with 16 years of driving after planting showed a greater effect of the use of machines in the vineyard, especially in the traffic position of tractor wheels, seriously affecting the physical quality due to compaction and low infiltration of water in the soil.
Morais, Tatiane Pereira Santos. "Avaliação dos atributos do solo sob diferentes ocupações na microbacia hidrográfica do córrego da Fazenda Glória Em Taquaritinga (SP) /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100854.
Texto completoBanca: Renato Farias do Valle Junior
Banca: Sérgio Campos
Banca: José Frederico Centurion
Banca: João Antonio Galbiatti
Resumo: A retirada da cobertura vegetal original e a implantação de áreas de pastagem e canade- açúcar, com práticas de manejo inadequadas, acarretam modificações nas propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas dos solos, com limitações na utilização agrícola e susceptibilidade à erosão. Assim, estudos dos processos físicos e químicos são importantes para avaliar as mudanças de origem natural ou antrópica sobre os meios. O estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os atributos químicos e físicos de um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo em três microbacias hidrográficas, em áreas de vegetação nativa, pastagem e cana-de-açúcar bem como analisar a ocorrência das áreas de maior escoamento superficial e, consequentemente, maior predisposição ao processo erosivo nas microbacias. A área de estudo compreendeu a microbacia hidrográfica do Córrego da Fazenda Glória, Município de Taquaritinga, Estado de São Paulo. Para a amostragem do solo foi realizada a caracterização do volume superficial, e essas amostras foram coletadas na superfície das vertentes das microbacias e em cada uso/ocupação selecionado. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados por meio da comparação de médias para o teste de Tukey a 5%. A partir das curvas de nível da carta topográfica e dos pontos levantados com receptor geodésico de navegação com metodologia diferencial foi gerado uma malha de pontos georreferenciados em cada microbacia, para gerar o modelo numérico do terreno a partir da incorporação dos divisores de água e da rede de drenagem. As avaliações dos atributos físicos e químicos dos solos nas microbacias hidrográficas e em diferentes tipos de uso e ocupação demonstraram uma diferença significativa entre as áreas. O manejo do solo alterou os atributos químicos e físicos com impacto nas camadas superficiais do solo. A matéria orgânica foi um dos atributos mais sensíveis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The removal of original vegetation cover and the deployment of pastures and sugarcane, with inadequate management practices, cause changes in the chemical, physical and biological properties of soils, with limitations on agricultural use and susceptibility to erosion. Thus, studies of physical and chemical processes are important to assess changes of natural development or anthropic on the means. The study was conducted to evaluate the physical and chemical attributes of a Ultisol in three watersheds, in areas of native vegetation, pasture and sugarcane, as well as, analyze the occurrence of the areas of greatest runoff and, consequently, greater predisposition to erosive processes in watersheds. The study area was the Córrego da Fazenda Glória watershed, Municipality of Taquaritinga, State of São Paulo. Soil sampling was performed to characterize the superficial volume, and these samples were collected on the surface of the watersheds and in three different land use selected. The results obtained were evaluated by the comparison of averages for the Tukey test at 5%. From the curves in a topographical map and from points collected with geodetic navigation receiver in a differential methodology was generated a digital elevation method in each watersheds. The assessments of physical and chemical attributes of soils in hydrographic watersheds and different land uses demonstrated a significant difference between the areas. Soil management altered the chemical and physical attributes impact in the soil superficial layers. The organic matter was one of the attributes more sensitive to changes due to agricultural practices. The digital terrain model showed a great potential, considering the scale of study of watersheds; and can help in spatial planning, urban and regional planning and zoning
Doutor
Silva, Sâmala Glícia Carneiro. "Variação temporal da densidade do solo e do grau de compactação de um Latossolo Vermelho sob plantio direto escarificado". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-24052011-103932/.
Texto completoStudies show that a surface compaction occurs after some years adoption of no-tillage (NT), which may interfere in plant development. Chiseling has been used to alleviate the effects of soil compaction under NT, but studies show that this operation has short-term effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of some physical parameters after chiseling in shortterm (one year) in the following depths: 0.0 to 0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m, 0.20-0, 30 m, 0.30 to 0.40 m. Soil bulk density (BD) and the degree of compactness (DC) were analyzed in long-term (16 years) no-tillage (NT), chiseling of the long-term no-tillage (CHI), six months (CHI6M) and one year after chiseling (CHI12M). In top layers bulk density showed similar variation, with significant reduction in CHI and a marked increase in CHI6M, returning to the values recorded before mobilization in CHI12M. In periods CHI, CHI6M and CHI12M was an increase in the BD 0.30-0.40 m layer in comparison with NT. Chiseling caused a reduction the degree of compaction in the layers 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10-0.20 m, with DC returning to the original values one year after chiseling. The greatest DC values were observed six months after chiseling, nevertheless the soil showed great recovery whereas in CHI12M the degree of compactness tended to return to the original values in all layers, possibly due the high soil resilience. The duration of chiseling effects measured by BD and DC was less than one year, suggesting in this soil is not necessary this operation.
Cunha, Luciana de Pinho. "Avaliação do regime estacionário em experimentos de fluxo de água em colunas de solo saturado". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11131/tde-07042006-162730/.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work is to study the time for the water flow in soil under saturation to reach the steady-state, by measuring the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K0) of soil. The steady-state is the stage that precedes the application of the ion solution in the soil sample in solute elution studies. Disturbed soil samples with different granulometries were used: very clayey, clay-sandy and sandy soil, collected in experimental area of the ESALQ/USP. The samples were conditioned in PVC columns, and distilled and deaerated water were used for saturation and subsequent drainage in the columns, the test is in accordance with the experimental assembly of constant head permeameter. The data demonstrated that for very clayey and clay-sandy samples, the steady-state was reached after 15 days and for sandy soil this condition was verified after 27 days, being the variability of K0 bigger in the first six days of the test. Therefore it was concluded that is inadequate to use a fixed time for the addition of solutes in soil.
Carvalho, Laercio Alves de. "Condutividade hidráulica do solo no campo: as simplificações do método do perfil instantâneo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-29052003-141211/.
Texto completoThe soil hydraulic conductivity is a parameter that quantifies the ability of the soil to conduct water along the soil profile. Hence its field determination is indispensable, since soil water movement is directly related to the field crop productions. Thus, the use of an adequate method that assesses the hydraulic conductivity as a function of soil-water content, the ( ) q K function, certainly will very contribute to a proper evaluation of results, mainly if it is considered the great variability of this function as a result of the natural variability of the soil characteristics. In this work, the instantaneous profile method was tested with the objective to evaluate a) the ( ) q K function taking and not taking into consideration the assumption of unit gradient and b) the behaviour of the ( ) q K function with respect to the pedological horizons of the soil. The determination of the function was made using mercury manometer tensiometers installed at the depths of 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 0.9; 1.0; 1.1 and 1.2 m and soil water retention curves determined for the same depths, in an Oxisol, located at experimental fields of Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, University de São Paulo, in Piracicaba (SP), Brasil (22 o 42 43,3 W and 47 o 37 10,4 S). The result analysis was made using an F-test in order to verify the paralelism, the intercept equality and the coincidence of the lnK versus q straight lines, taking and not taking account of the assumption of unit hydraulic gradient. Basides, similarity tests of the ( ) q K function were also made by the Willmott (1981) index. From the analysis of results, it could be concluded that, with the procedures used to delimit the experimental plots in this experiment to water the soil profile and to follow the water redistribuition, the unit gradient approches seem to be adequate to assess the field ( ) q K function and also that the pedological horizons seem to follow the layers of similar ( ) q K function, for depths greater than 0.6 m.
Fernandes, Barbara Barreto [UNESP]. "Efeito do teor de água na avaliação da compactação do solo causada pelo tráfego agrícola e seu reflexo nos atributos físicos do solo". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126628.
Texto completoAs modificações causadas por atividades antrópicas como o tráfego de máquinas afetam diretamente a estrutura do solo, por isto, a importância de avaliar a compactação do solo devido ao tráfego agrícola, assim como a magnitude dos impactos do rodado sobre a qualidade física dos solos. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do teor de agua na avaliação de resistência mecânica a penetração do solo medida através do índice de cone (IC), a ocorrência e distribuição da compactação ao longo do perfil do solo causada pelo trafego agrícola, assim como os consequentes reflexos nos atributos físicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Lageado da UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/SP, sendo selecionadas duas classes de solo, o Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (NVd) de textura argilosa, com 50 % de teor de argila e o Latossolo Vermelho (LV) de textura média, com 25 % de teor de argila. O delineamento experimental foi casualizado, com os seguintes tratamentos de compactação: T0 = 0; T1 = 1; T2 = 2; T3 = 3; T4=5 e T5 = 10 passadas consecutivas de um trator agrícola. Utilizou-se um penetrômetro hidráulicoeletrônico para a amostragem da resistência mecânica do solo a penetração nas camadas de 0 a 0,10; 0,10 a 0,20; 0,20 a 0,30; 0,30 a 0,40m em 4 condições de teor de água, que variou de 17,1 a 24,5% para o NVd e de 10,0 a 17,8% para o LV. Também foram determinados os seguintes atributos: recalque do solo, infiltração de água no solo...
The changes caused by human activities such as machinery traffic directly affect soil structure, therefore, the importance of assessing soil compaction due to agricultural traffic, as well as the magnitude of the impact of the wheelset on the physical quality of the soil. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of water content in soil penetration resistance evaluation measured by the soil Cone Index (CI), the occurrence and distribution of compression along the soil profile, caused by agricultural traffic, as well as the resulting consequences on soil physical properties. The experiment area was at Lageado Experimental Farm, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/São Paulo, two different soil type was used, Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (NVd) clayey, 50% clay content and Latossolo Vermelho (LV) of medium texture, 25% clay content. Was used an randomized experimental design with the following compaction treatments: T0 = 0; T1 = 1; T2 = 2; T3 = 3; T4= 5 and T5 = 10 consecutive passes of an tractor. An hydraulic-electronic penetrometer was used to measure the soil resistance at 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.40 m in 4 different water content ranging from 17.1 to 24.5% for NVD and 10 to 17.8% for LV. It was also determined the following attributes: soil repression, water infiltration into the soil, bulk density and porosity. The major soil penetration resistance values were detected near the ground shrinkage limit and the treatment with increased intensity agricultural traffic, already in high moisture soil conditions, the soil penetration resistance values were reduced being considered not hindering the growth of roots. The clay soil proved to be the most sensitive to the effect of water content in soil compaction evaluation, the greater variation among samples collected with water content between field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) ...
Fernandes, Barbara Barreto 1989. "Efeito do teor de água na avaliação da compactação do solo causada pelo tráfego agrícola e seu reflexo nos atributos físicos do solo /". Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126628.
Texto completoBanca: Maria Helena Moraes
Banca: Marlene Cristina Alves
Resumo: As modificações causadas por atividades antrópicas como o tráfego de máquinas afetam diretamente a estrutura do solo, por isto, a importância de avaliar a compactação do solo devido ao tráfego agrícola, assim como a magnitude dos impactos do rodado sobre a qualidade física dos solos. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do teor de agua na avaliação de resistência mecânica a penetração do solo medida através do índice de cone (IC), a ocorrência e distribuição da compactação ao longo do perfil do solo causada pelo trafego agrícola, assim como os consequentes reflexos nos atributos físicos do solo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Lageado da UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/SP, sendo selecionadas duas classes de solo, o Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (NVd) de textura argilosa, com 50 % de teor de argila e o Latossolo Vermelho (LV) de textura média, com 25 % de teor de argila. O delineamento experimental foi casualizado, com os seguintes tratamentos de compactação: T0 = 0; T1 = 1; T2 = 2; T3 = 3; T4=5 e T5 = 10 passadas consecutivas de um trator agrícola. Utilizou-se um penetrômetro hidráulicoeletrônico para a amostragem da resistência mecânica do solo a penetração nas camadas de 0 a 0,10; 0,10 a 0,20; 0,20 a 0,30; 0,30 a 0,40m em 4 condições de teor de água, que variou de 17,1 a 24,5% para o NVd e de 10,0 a 17,8% para o LV. Também foram determinados os seguintes atributos: recalque do solo, infiltração de água no solo...
Abstract: The changes caused by human activities such as machinery traffic directly affect soil structure, therefore, the importance of assessing soil compaction due to agricultural traffic, as well as the magnitude of the impact of the wheelset on the physical quality of the soil. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of water content in soil penetration resistance evaluation measured by the soil Cone Index (CI), the occurrence and distribution of compression along the soil profile, caused by agricultural traffic, as well as the resulting consequences on soil physical properties. The experiment area was at Lageado Experimental Farm, UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/São Paulo, two different soil type was used, Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico (NVd) clayey, 50% clay content and Latossolo Vermelho (LV) of medium texture, 25% clay content. Was used an randomized experimental design with the following compaction treatments: T0 = 0; T1 = 1; T2 = 2; T3 = 3; T4= 5 and T5 = 10 consecutive passes of an tractor. An hydraulic-electronic penetrometer was used to measure the soil resistance at 0-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.30 and 0.30-0.40 m in 4 different water content ranging from 17.1 to 24.5% for NVD and 10 to 17.8% for LV. It was also determined the following attributes: soil repression, water infiltration into the soil, bulk density and porosity. The major soil penetration resistance values were detected near the ground shrinkage limit and the treatment with increased intensity agricultural traffic, already in high moisture soil conditions, the soil penetration resistance values were reduced being considered not hindering the growth of roots. The clay soil proved to be the most sensitive to the effect of water content in soil compaction evaluation, the greater variation among samples collected with water content between field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) ...
Mestre
Morrill, Jean Constance. "Studies with the Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289209.
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