Bibliografías temáticas / Soil fungi

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Soil fungi"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 28 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Soil fungi"

1

Tyszkiewicz, Zofia. "The soil fungi communities of peat soils in the Narew National Park". Acta Agrobotanica 58, n.º 2 (2012): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2005.071.

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The study was conducted in the years 2003-2004 on four low peatland peat soil profiles located in the Narew National Park. All studied soils were sedge peat soils sampled from various habitats. The recognition of the soil fungi communities and their stratification in the studied profiles were the aim of the study. The 214 isolates were made, which were represented by 45 species. The reason for little differentiation of quantitative-qualitative structures of soil fungi communities in peat soils is their high moisture. The distinct differentiation among the soil fungi communities was observed. These results suggest that not only the soil-forming process affects the soil fungi communities development but also the soil properties, which were under influence in the past and have been still affected by the habitat conditions, are very important to the development process of soil fungi communities.
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2

Donerian, Larisa G., M. A. Vodianova y Zh E. Tarasova. "Microscopic soil fungi - bioindicators organisms contaminated soil". Hygiene and sanitation 95, n.º 9 (28 de octubre de 2019): 891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-9-891-894.

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In the paper there are considered methodological issues for the evaluation of soil biota in terms of oil pollution. Experimental studies have shown that under the exposure of a various levels of oil pollution meeting certain gradations of the state and optimal alteration in microbocenosis in sod-podzolic soils, there is occurred a transformation of structure of the complex of micromycetes and the accumulation of toxic species, hardly typical for podzolic soils - primarily represantatives of the genus Aspergillus (A.niger and A. versicolor), Paecilomyces (P.variotii Bainer), Trichoderma (T.hamatum), the genus of phytopathogens Fusarium (F.oxysporum), dermatophytes of genus Sporothrix (S. schenckii) and dark-colored melanin containing fungi of Dematiaceae family. Besides that there are presented data on the study of microbiocenosis of the urban soil, the urban soil differed from the zone soil, but shaped in similar landscape and climatic conditions, and therefore having a tendency to a similar response from the side of microorganisms inhabiting the soil. Isolated complex of soil microscopic fungi is described by many authors as a complex, characteristic for soils of megalopolises. This allowed authors of this work to suggest that in urban soils the gain in the occurrence of pathogenic species micromycetes also increases against a background of chronic, continuously renewed inflow of petroleum hydrocarbons from various sources of pollution. Because changes in the species composition of micromycetes occurred in accordance with the increasing load of oil, so far as microscopic soil fungi can be recommended as a bioindicator organisms for oil. In the article there is also provided information about the distinctive features of modern DNA identification method of soil microscopic fungi and accepted in our country methodology of isolation of micromycetes with the use of a nutrient Czapek medium.
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3

S Naji, Noor, Yazi Abdullah Jassim y Shaemaa Muhi Hasson AL-Amery. "Review Algae and Fungi on Soil Ecosystem". International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 4, n.º 1 (10 de febrero de 2024): 1037–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2024.4.1.2337.

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Many types of microorganisms spread in the soil, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and protozoa. The soil contains many types of algae, which differ in their growth requirements, such as temperature and acidity. Soil fungi are microscopic plant-like cells. Soil fungi, along with soil bacteria, form the beginning of the soil food web, which improves soil functions and supports the survival of other organisms. Soil fungi are abundant in soils with low acidity, perennial plants, and organic residues that need a long time to decompose Algae and fungi are important and beneficial to the soil, and some of them are affected and benefit from the soil environment in a way that contributes to the formation of an integrated ecosystem that contributes to biological and life diversity. Green algae and diatoms usually dominate over other algae in the soils.
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Zhang, Qishui y John C. Zak. "Potential role of fungi and bacteria in Chinese fir replant soil". Canadian Journal of Botany 72, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1994): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-010.

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The role of soil fungi and Bacillus in the Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) replant problem was investigated. Several pathogenic fungi isolated were more abundant in replant than in non-replant woodland soil, but the species composition of soil bacteria showed no significant differences. Fumigation of replant soils with methyl bromide significantly increased the growth of Chinese fir compared with nonfumigated soils. Inoculation of steam-sterilized soil with the pathogenic fungi caused significant reduction of growth of Chinese fir seedlings, while amendment with bacteria from the soil had no effect on seedling growth. However, the combination of pathogenic fungi and bacteria greatly reduced plant growth and increased root rot compared with pathogenic fungi or bacteria alone. It is suggested that fungi alone or in combination with bacteria may be important biotic factors in the Chinese fir replant problem. Key words: fungi, bacteria, Chinese fir, replanted soil, seedling growth.
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Jamiołkowska, Agnieszka, Andrzej Księżniak, Anna Gałązka, Beata Hetman, Marek Kopacki y Barbara Skwaryło-Bednarz. "Impact of abiotic factors on development of the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil: a Review". International Agrophysics 32, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2018): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2016-0090.

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AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inhabiting soil play an important role for vascular plants. Interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plants and soil microorganisms leads to many mutual advantages. However, the effectiveness of mycorrhizal fungi depends not only on biotic, but also abiotic factors such as physico-chemical properties of the soil, availability of water and biogenic elements, agricultural practices, and climatic conditions. First of all, it is important to adapt the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species to changing environmental conditions. The compactness of the soil and its structure have a huge impact on its biological activity. Soil pH reaction has a substantial impact on the mobility of ions in soil dilutions and their uptake by plants and soil microflora. Water excess can be a factor negatively affecting arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi because these microorganisms are sensitive to a lower availability of oxygen. Mechanical cultivation of the soil has a marginal impact on the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores. However, soil translocation can cause changes to the population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance in the soil profile. The geographical location and topographic differentiation of cultivated soils, as well as the variability of climatic factors affect the population of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils and their symbiotic activity.
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Tyszkiewicz, Zofia. "Quantitative-qualitative structures of the soil fungi communities in three profiles of peat-muck soils". Acta Agrobotanica 55, n.º 1 (2013): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2002.032.

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The mycological investigations were performed on three soil profiles, which represent the slightly, moderately and strongly mucked peat-muck soils located in the Biebrza Valley. The aim of the study was the comparison of quantitative-qualitative structures of the fungi communities in the chosen peat-muck soils. The results indicate that soil fungi communities from compared soils reveal only small degree of similarity. The variety in quantitative and in qualitative structure increase with increasing mucking of organic deposits. These results may suggest that decreasing moisture of habitat stimulates the development of soil fungi. The most numerous soil fungi communities were observed in the turf layer and subturf layer of all soils.
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Rosling, A. y N. Rosenstock. "Ectomycorrhizal fungi in mineral soil". Mineralogical Magazine 72, n.º 1 (febrero de 2008): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.127.

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AbstractEctomycorrhizal fungi are mutualistic symbionts of many forest trees and play a major role in nutrient uptake. They form diverse communities in boreal forest soils but functional differences within this group of fungi remain largely unknown. We study ectomycorrhzal fungi in mineral soil to determine how abiotic preferences influence their spatial distribution in stratified soil profiles. This is achieved by correlative field studies of species distribution and soil characteristics at a spatial resolution relevant to soil heterogeneity and mycelial size. Field sampling strategies are being evaluated to establish a protocol for simultaneous small-sample analysis of ectomycorrhizal community and soil chemical variables. Species-specific substrate preferences are examined by studies of regulation of enzymatic and biogeochemical activity in response to relevant organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus. Studies of four species in the genus Piloderma have demonstrated that different strategies to obtain phosphorus are reflected by their spatial distribution in a podzol soil profile.
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Djukic, Dragutin, Leka Mandic, Vesna Sumanov y Svetlana Raketic. "Anthropogenic effects on soil micromycetes". Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, n.º 113 (2007): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0713179d.

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This paper is a synthesis of long-term investigations based on the effect of different authropogenic pollutants (mineral and organic fertilizers, heavy metals, contaminated irrigation water, nitrification inhibitor and detergents) on the dynamics of soil fungi number. The investigations were performed at the Microbiology Department and trial fields of the Faculty of Agronomy in Cacak on smonitza and alluvium soils in field and under greenhouse conditions. Maize, wheat, barley and red clover were used as test plants in these studies. The quantitative composition of the fungi in the soils investigated was determined by the Capek selective agar dilution method. The study results show that the number of soil fungi was dependent on the type and rate of agrochemicals used, on the growing season, and the soil zone the samples were taken from for the analysis. Lower nitrogen fertiliser rates (80 and 120 kg x ha-1) and organic fertilizers stimulated the development of soil fungi, unlike the rate of 150 kg x ha-1. Heavy metals, mercury and cadmium in particular, as well as high rates of the N-serve nitrification inhibitor, inhibited the development of this group of soil microorganisms. Generally, the adverse effect of contaminated irrigation water on the soil fungi was recorded in both soil types, and particularly in the smonitza under red clover. Low detergent (Meril) concentrations did not have any significant effect on this group of microorganisms. In this respect, it can be concluded that the soil fungi number dynamics can be used in monitoring soils polluted by different toxinogenic substances.
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Zhong, Zhiming, Guangyu Zhang y Gang Fu. "Effect of Experiment Warming on Soil Fungi Community of Medicago sativa, Elymus nutans and Hordeum vulgare in Tibet". Journal of Fungi 9, n.º 9 (29 de agosto de 2023): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9090885.

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The uncertainty response of soil fungi community to climate warming in alpine agroecosystems will limit our ability to fully exploit and utilize soil fungi resources, especially in alpine regions. In this study, a warming experiment was conducted in one perennial leguminous agroecosystem [i.e., alfalfa (Medicago sativa)], perennial gramineous agroecosystem (i.e., Elymus nutans) and annual gramineous agroecosystem [i.e., highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L)] in Tibet since 2016 to investigate the response of soil fungi community to climate warming. Soils at two layers (i.e., 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were collected in August 2017 to estimate soil fungi community based on the ITS method. The α-diversity, community composition and functional group abundance of soil fungi in the leguminous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming. The α-diversity of soil fungi in the perennial gramineous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming, but topology parameters of soil fungi species cooccurrence network in the annual gramineous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming. Compared with 0–10 cm, soil fungal α-diversity, community composition and functional group abundance at 10–20 cm were more sensitive to climate warming. The topological parameters of soil fungi species cooccurrence network at 0–10 cm in the gramineous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming, but those at 10–20 cm in the leguminous agroecosystem were more sensitive to climate warming. Warming increased the differences of soil fungi α-diversity and functional composition. For the Medicago sativa agroecosystem, warming increased the abundance of soil pathogenic fungi but decreased the abundance of soil symbiotic and saprophytic fungi at 10–20 cm. Therefore, responses of the soil fungi community to climate warming varied with agroecosystem types and soil depth. Climate warming can alter the differences of the soil fungi community among agroecosystems. Changes in soil fungi community caused by climate warming may be detrimental to the growth of alpine crops, at least for perennial Medicago sativa in Tibet.
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SCHRADER, Stefan, Friederike WOLFARTH y Elisabeth OLDENBURG. "Biological Control of Soil-borne Phytopathogenic Fungi and their Mycotoxins by Soil Fauna". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 70, n.º 2 (25 de noviembre de 2013): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9743.

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Yield loss through harmful fungi is a serious problem in crop production worldwide. Cereal residues like straw are frequently infected by Fusarium fungi, which produce mycotoxins like deoxynivalenol (DON). Mycotoxins lead to quality losses in cereal-based food and feed which endangers human and animal health. Especially under conservation tillage, when mulching techniques are applied to protect soil from erosion, run-off etc., residues should be efficiently degraded to protect the currently cultivated crop from fungal infection and mycotoxin contamination. The objective of this review is to give an overview on which role decomposing soil fauna plays in the fate of Fusarium fungi and there main mycotoxin DON in the soil system. Generally, soil fauna benefits from conservation tillage compared to conventional tillage. Results from experiments in the laboratory and field revealed that earthworms as primary and secondary decomposers as well as fungivorous collembolans and soil nematodes contribute to the ecosystem services of pathogen depression and toxin degradation with respect to Fusarium and DON. Fusarium seems to be an attractive food source. Furthermore, the mycotoxin DON does not cause any harm to the soil fauna tested. Key factors for the control of Fusarium development by antagonistic soil fauna are: (1) interaction with soil microorganisms; (2) interaction of soil fauna species; (3) soil texture; (4) residue exposure. Ecosystem services of antagonistic soil fauna are vital to crop production and the functioning of agroecosystems. They will be discussed in a broader context of soil health and conservation tillage.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Soil fungi"

1

Rasanayagam, Maretta Sharima. "Inhibitory effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on other soil fungi". Thesis, University of Kent, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332661.

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Zheng, Weishuang [Verfasser]. "Soil stability and filamentous fungi / Weishuang Zheng". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1088402224/34.

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Feeney, Deborah Siobhan. "The influence of fungi upon soil structure and soil water relations". Thesis, Abertay University, 2004. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2a92d2fc-b3c5-456f-8b9a-e406bd78ee84.

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The investigation of soil structural stability and soil water processes was assessed through the application of laboratory investigations and a field based analysis. The impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal exudate glomalin (a glycoprotein), proposed to be hydrophobic was assessed for a correlation with low levels of soil hydrophobicity through measures of subcritical water repellency. Initially no correlation was reported but a further temporal investigation that involved a soil inoculum detected a significant positive effect; the results indicated that a certain concentration of protein is required before an influence upon soil hydrophobicity is detected. The temporal investigation detected significant re-aggregation of previously disturbed soil; this was linked to both increases in fungal biomass and enmeshment by plant roots. Soil in the direct vicinity of plant roots showed the most significant increases in aggregated structures, indicating that plant root enmeshment was one of the predominant factors in soil aggregation. Soil water repellency was directly correlated with measures of macroaggregates (aggregates >2000 pm), indicating that increased hydrophobicity is a mechanism involved in aggregate stabilisation. Field scale sampling and analysis indicated that fertilizer applications had varied effects upon fungal populations, dependent on the particular land management applied to the soil. Undisturbed grassland where fungal biomass was likely to be the predominant microorganism present showed significant effects of fertilizer regime upon fungal biomass, with effects likely to be related to plant-fungi interactions through changes in AM fungal biomass. The influence of fertilizer regime on arable sites was less pronounced which indicated a significant influence of disturbance reducing fungal biomass and reducing the direct and indirect effects associated with fertilizer additions. The investigation of soil pore spatial distribution is essential for understanding soil processes as water flow, gas and nutrient exchanges will occur within pore space, as will many biological processes. The investigation of inter-aggregate pore space was completed upon soil aggregates < 2 mm that had been exposed to previous experimental perturbations, where increased aggregate stability, water repellency and fungal biomass were reported. A resolution of «4 pm was achieved and changes in percentage porosity and spatial pore distributions were detected as a result of direct and indirect effects of plant roots. Greatest increases in heterogeneity of pore space were reported in soil from close proximity to roots, with a reduction in this phenomenon at an increasing distance from the root zone. The mechanism proposed for these changes was localised drying from roots. The results presented provide greater understanding of controlling factors associated with soil water and stability mechanisms, along with demonstrating biologically and physically induced changes in micro and meso-scale structures as a result of different treatments. The work provides scope for further investigation of particular biological and physical factors associated with soil structural mechanisms.
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Leifheit, Eva [Verfasser]. "Soil sustainability and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi / Eva Leifheit". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1054636974/34.

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Husted, Lynn. "Low soil temperature and efficacy of ectomycorrhizal fungi". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30930.

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The influence of root-zone temperature on the efficacy of various ectomycorrhizal fungi, i.e., their ability: (1) to colonize roots in a nursery environment, (2) to persist and colonize new roots in the field and (3) to improve the growth, nutrition, and physiology of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seedlings, was examined in controlled environment experiments using water baths to regulate root-zone temperature. Eight-week-old non-mycorrhizal seedlings were inoculated with 13 different inocula (1 forest floor inoculum, 12 specific fungi), then transplanted into 6, 16, or 26°C peat:vermiculite mixes for 8 weeks. Maximum root colonization occurred at 16°C for most inocula. The 6°C mix strongly reduced mycorrhiza formation with only 8 of the 13 inocula forming any mycorrhizae during the 8-week test period. Primary infection from ectomycorrhizal propagules (spores and hyphal fragments) was reduced more than was secondary infection from established mycorrhizae; once established, all inocula colonized new roots in 6°C forest soil. Fall-lifted cold-stored seedlings infected with 8 inocula (forest floor, 7 specific fungi) were planted into 6 and 12°C forest soil mixtures with or without indigenous ectomycorrhiza inoculum. Survival and colonization of new roots by inoculant fungi was good (> 50%) for the 12-week test duration despite the significant potential for infection by indigenous inoculum. High persistence appeared to be due to successful (>75%) root colonization by the inoculant fungi in the nursery production phase, to the relative weakness of ectomycorrhizal propagules (spores and hyphal fragments) compared with live ectomycorrhizal attachments, and to the favorable pattern of lateral root egress from the container plug after planting. Colonization of new roots by established mycorrhizae showed an effect of soil temperature in the presence, but not the absence, of indigenous inoculum. Percent new root colonization by inoculant fungi was lower in the 12°C forest soil. Rapid extension of lateral roots in the 12°C soil increased the likelihood that short roots initiated near the tips of elongating roots would be infected by indigenous fungi. There was no evidence of active or passive interactive replacement between inoculant and indigenous fungi. However, Hebeloma crustuliniforme appeared to inhibit mycorrhizal formation by indigenous fungi; roots not infected by this fungus remained non-mycorrhizal. Application of slow-release fertilizer reduced new root colonization by E-strain but had no effect on colonization by H. crustuliniforme or indigenous forest floor fungi. Non-inoculated seedlings (controls) and seedlings inoculated with 5 different inocula (forest floor, 4 specific fungi) were planted in 6 and 12°C forest soil for 3 weeks. Inoculation influenced the rate at which seedlings acclimated to the 6°C soil with respect to resistance to water flow and net photosynthetic rate, but had no effect on pre-dawn stomatal conductance. Differences among inoculation treatments were related to the size and nutritional status of seedlings at the time of transplanting. Seedlings infected with Laccaria bicolor or E-strain exhibited the least decrease in resistance to water flow due to the relatively small size (dry weight, short root number) of their root systems at the time of transplanting. Net photosynthetic rate and new foliage production correlated positively with shoot N and P (% dry weight) and the proportion of total seedling N and P contained in shoot tissues at the time of planting. Non-inoculated seedlings (controls) and seedlings inoculated with forest floor or 5 specific fungi were planted in 6 and 12°C forest soil for 12 weeks. The presence of "any" mycorrhiza at the time of transplanting did not improve seedling growth under the experimental conditions (i.e., cool, acidic soils with an indigenous ectomycorrhizal fungal population). On average, mycorrhizal infection increased N and P uptake at 12°C but not at 6°C. Growth response to specific fungi was very variable with some fungi depressing seedlings growth (e.g., E-strain and H. crustuliniforme) and others strongly promoting it (forest floor inoculum, L. bicolour, Thelephora terrestris). Seedling response to the various inocula was not related to the degree of mycorrhizal infection at the time of planting nor to the source of inocula; but was associated with differences in the content and distribution of nutrients at the time of transplanting and differences in total nutrient uptake, root efficiency, nutrient-use efficiency and net photosynthetic rate after transplanting. Root efficiency was not proportional to the number of short roots per unit root or to the amount of external mycelium attached to the various mycorrhizae. Implications for applied forestry and research are discussed in the final chapter.
Forestry, Faculty of
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Toljander, Jonas. "Interactions between soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi /". Uppsala : Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200639.pdf.

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Whiffen, Leonie. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and carbon sequestration in soil". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28114.

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Wang, Dongwei [Verfasser]. "Trade-offs in soil filamentous fungi / Dongwei Wang". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212435168/34.

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Boström, Björn. "Achieving carbon isotope mass balance in Northern forest soils, soil respiration and fungi /". Örebro : Department of Natural Sciences, Örebro University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2101.

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Asif, Mohammad. "Comparative study of production, infectivity, and effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produced by soil-based and soil-less techniques /". [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030716.094919/index.html.

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Libros sobre el tema "Soil fungi"

1

Domsch, K. H. Compendium of soil fungi. Eching [Germany]: IHW-Verlag, 1993.

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(Walter), Gams W. y Anderson Traute-Heidi, eds. Compendium of soil fungi. 2a ed. Eching: IHW-Verlag, 2007.

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Watanabe, Tsuneo. Pictorial atlas of soil and seed fungi : morphologies of cultured fungi and key to species. 3a ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2010.

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Moubasher, A. H. Soil fungi in Qatar and other Arab countries. Doha: Center for Scientific and Applied Research, University of Qatar, 1993.

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Gams, W. Supplement and corrigendum to the compendium of soil fungi. Eching [Germany]: IHW-Verlag, 1993.

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N, Orazov Kh. Mikromit͡s︡ety t͡s︡elinnykh pochv Turkmenistana. Ashkhabad: "Ylym", 1989.

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Fulton, Susanne M. Mycorrhizal fungi: Soil, agriculture, and environmental implications. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Horwitz, Benjamin A., Prasun K. Mukherjee, Mala Mukherjee y Christian P. Kubicek, eds. Genomics of Soil- and Plant-Associated Fungi. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39339-6.

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Subramanian, C. V. Soil microfungi of Israel. Ruggell: A.R.A. Gantner, 2001.

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M, Gadd Geoffrey y British Mycological Society, eds. Fungi in biogeochemical cycles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Soil fungi"

1

Moreno, Gabriel, Pablo Alvarado y José Luis Manjón. "Hypogeous Desert Fungi". En Soil Biology, 3–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40096-4_1.

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Pacioni, Giovanni y Marco Leonardi. "Truffle-Inhabiting Fungi". En Soil Biology, 283–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31436-5_17.

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Javeed, Hafiz Muhammad Rashad, Mazhar Ali, Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir, Rafi Qamar, Muhammad Mubeen, Atique-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Shahzad, Samina Khalid y Ayman EL Sabagh. "Ectomycorrhizal Fungi". En Biofertilizers for Sustainable Soil Management, 197–207. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003286233-11.

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Korcan, Safiye Elif, İbrahim Hakkı Ciğerci y Muhsin Konuk. "White-Rot Fungi in Bioremediation". En Soil Biology, 371–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33811-3_16.

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Finlay, Roger D. y R. Greg Thorn. "The Fungi in Soil". En Modern Soil Microbiology, 65–90. Third edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429059186-5.

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Hu, Qiongbo y Tingyan Dong. "Non-ribosomal Peptides from Entomogenous Fungi". En Soil Biology, 169–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14499-3_8.

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Pfeiffer, Ilona. "Communication Among Soil Bacteria and Fungi". En Soil Biology, 427–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14512-4_17.

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Hara, Eri y Hiroo Uchiyama. "Degradation of Petroleum Pollutant Materials by Fungi". En Soil Biology, 117–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33811-3_5.

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Morelli, Irma Susana, Mario Carlos Nazareno Saparrat, María Teresa Del Panno, Bibiana Marina Coppotelli y Angélica Arrambari. "Bioremediation of PAH-Contaminated Soil by Fungi". En Soil Biology, 159–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33811-3_7.

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Weber, Olmar B. "Biofertilizers with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Agriculture". En Soil Biology, 45–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45370-4_4.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Soil fungi"

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Waszczuk, Urszula y Ewa Zapora. "Arboreal Fungi in Biological Control against Soil Fungi". En Innovations-Sustainability-Modernity-Openness Conference. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009031.

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"Evaluation Of Bioactive Compounds Produced By Soil Fungi". En 3rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCE. Jinnah University for Women, Karachi,Pakistan, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37962/ibras/2023/187-189.

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Nie, X. M., X. X. Zhang y Z. B. Nanjarisoa. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Endophytic Fungi and Rhizosphere Soil Fungi on the Growth of Achnatherum Inebrians". En XXV International Grassland Congress. Berea, KY 40403: International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0056.

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Oja, Jane, Sakeenah Adenan, Abdel-Fattah Talaat y Juha Alatalo. "Novel Approach to Study the Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities in Qatar". En Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0025.

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A broad diversity of microorganisms can be found in soil, where they are essential for nutrient cycling and energy transfer. Recent high-throughput sequencing methods have greatly advanced our knowledge about how soil, climate and vegetation variables structure the composition of microbial communities in many world regions. However, we are lacking information from several regions in the world, e.g. Middle-East. We have collected soil from 19 different habitat types for studying the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities (both fungi and bacteria) in Qatar and determining which edaphic parameters exert the strongest influences on these communities. Preliminary results indicate that in overall bacteria are more abundant in soil than fungi and few sites have notably higher abundance of these microbes. In addition, we have detected some soil patameters, which tend to have reduced the overall fungal abundance and enhanced the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and N-fixing bacteria. More detailed information on the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities is expected from the high-throughput sequenced data.
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Belaya, T. D. "ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PREDATORY FUNGI-HYPHOMYCETES". En OpenBio-2023. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-59v.

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Predatory fungi are unique microorganisms that inhabit almost the entire planet Earth and are natural regulators of the nematode population in the soil. But despite their ubiquity, they have not been studied fully enough. However, the data obtained as a result of the conducted studies indicate the prospect of using predatory fungi as a control against pathogenic nematodes in the field of crop production and veterinary medicine.
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Vannette, Rachel L. "Mutualistic soil fungi and plant nutrition jointly influence plant-herbivore interactions". En 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94331.

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Park, Joon S. y Hai Lin. "Soil Water Retention Curve and Hydraulic Conductivity of Fungi-Treated Sand". En Geo-Congress 2022. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784484012.063.

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Adenan, Sakeenah, Jane Oja, Talaat Abdel-Fattah y Juha Alatalo. "Linking Soil Chemical Parameters and Fungal Diversity in Qatar". En Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0068.

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Given the vast expanse of Qatar’s dryland ecosystems, agricultural productivity and soil stability is highly dependent on the diversity of soil microbiota. The soil environment is a heterogeneous habitat shaped by various components like chemical (organic matter, salinity and nutrients) and biological (fungal diversity and vegetation) properties that form multitudes of different microhabitats. Soil microbial diversity changes along environmental gradients. It is hypothesized that a “stable” microhabitat is one that is inhabited by a large diversity of established microorganisms that are best adapted to the niche. Microorganisms like fungi serve as the underlying biological drivers for biochemical processes within the soil. The key objective of this study is to evaluate the fungal diversity and abundance present within the Qatari soil using molecular-based tools and evaluate potential relationships between the identified fungal communities with chemical properties of the habitat. We found that the composition of fungi and AMF varied between different habitats around Qatar. Despite the lack of significant differences in the measured soil chemical parameters between sampled sites, it is evident that AMF species are more abundant than compared to that of other fungal species in most of the study sites; thus, suggesting that other factors like land use may also be an essential component explaining the variation in fungal communities.
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Abdurashytov, S. F., E. V. Puzanova, K. S. Gritsevich, A. A. Zubochenko y V. K. Zakharova. "Study of the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the saline soils of Crimea". En РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.25.

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It is known that arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi are able to mitigate the effect of various negative environmental factors on plants. Therefore, the aim of our research was to determine the most active AM fungi populations in saline soils of the Crimean Peninsula to select stress-resistant isolates. The spores were isolated by wet sieving. Mycorrhization was visualized by staining with black ink and studied quantitatively under a stereomicroscope. In 2019, 15 soil-plant samples from 4 locations of the salinity soils were sampled: Lake Achi (AB) and the nearby agrocenosis (PAB), Koyashskoye (KO), Kirkoyashskoye (PKP) and agrocenosis near it (KP), Chokrak (CH). The highest content of chlorine anions (119.5 mg) and bicarbonate anions (610.0 mg) was noted in the area near Lake Kirkoyashskoye. The smallest salinity was observed at arable land KP (8.5 and 229.0 mg). Plowing led to a decrease in the number of AM fungi spores in the studied sections of PAB by 80.3% and KP by 47.6% compared with the AB and PKP. The frequency of occurrence and the intensity of mycorrhizal colonization in plant roots on the shores of Lakes Achi and Kirkoyashskoye were 70.0-72.3% and 28.0-43.9%, while the same for the plowing areas around them were lower by 28.5-54.1% and 18.0-32.2%, respectively. In our study, there was no strict correlation between the number of spores and the estimated environmental conditions. Soil-plant samples and the spores isolated from them were used as inoculums for obtaining new AM fungal isolates with a stress resistance property.
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Simanjorang, Sahmaida Wati y Yohanes Bernard Subowo. "The ability of soil-borne fungi to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)". En THE 8TH ANNUAL BASIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: Coverage of Basic Sciences toward the World’s Sustainability Challanges. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5062743.

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Informes sobre el tema "Soil fungi"

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Cruz Barrera, Mauricio, Martha Isabel Gómez, Carlos Andrés Moreno y Bettina Eichler Loberman. Strains of Trichoderma spp. and their Capacity to Mobilize Phosphorus. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.reporte.2016.63.

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Soil microorganisms enhance the plant availability of phosphorus (P). This ability is related to the production of organic acids and the activity of phosphatases. It is assumed that the production of organic acids solubilize insoluble phosphate forms to usable form such as orthophosphate, increasing its potential availability to plants (Vázquez et al. 2000). Filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma sp. have advantages in acid soils presenting morphological and metabolic characteristics that make them promising organisms (Nahas, 1996; Vera et al, 2002). On the other hand, inoculation of soil with phosphate solubilizing fungi has been shown to increase yields in crops like maize and wheat (Singh and Reddy, 2011), beans (Wahid and Mehana, 2000), chickpea (Kapri and Tewari, 2010).
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Adam Frew, Adam Frew. How does agriculture in Australia impact the diversity of beneficial soil fungi? Experiment, noviembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/31864.

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Phillips, Donald y Yoram Kapulnik. Using Flavonoids to Control in vitro Development of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613012.bard.

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Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and other beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms, such as Rhizobium bacteria, must locate and infect a host plant before either symbiont profits. Although benefits of the VAM association for increased phosphorous uptake have been widely documented, attempts to improve the fungus and to produce agronomically useful amounts of inoculum have failed due to a lack of in vitro production methods. This project was designed to extend our prior observation that the alfalfa flavonoid quercetin promoted spore germination and hyphal growth of VAM fungi in the absence of a host plant. On the Israeli side of the project, a detailed examination of changes in flavonoids and flavonoid-biosynthetic enzymes during the early stages of VAM development in alfalfa found that VAM fungi elicited and then suppressed transcription of a plant gene coding for chalcone isomerase, which normally is associated with pathogenic infections. US workers collaborated in the identification of flavonoid compounds that appeared during VAM development. On the US side, an in vitro system for testing the effects of plant compounds on fungal spore germination and hyphal growth was developed for use, and intensive analyses of natural products released from alfalfa seedlings grown in the presence and absence of microorganisms were conducted. Two betaines, trigonelline and stachydrine, were identified as being released from alfalfa seeds in much higher concentrations than flavonoids, and these compounds functioned as transcriptional signals to another alfalfa microsymbiont, Rhizobium meliloti. However, these betaines had no effect on VAM spore germination or hyphal growth i vitro. Experiments showed that symbiotic bacteria elicited exudation of the isoflavonoids medicarpin and coumestrol from legume roots, but neither compound promoted growth or germination of VAM fungi in vitro. Attempts to look directly in alfalfa rhizosphere soil for microbiologically active plant products measured a gradient of nod-gene-inducing activity in R. meliloti, but no novel compounds were identified for testing in the VAM fungal system in vitro. Israeli field experiments on agricultural applications of VAM were very successful and developed methods for using VAM to overcome stunting in peanuts and garlic grown in Israel. In addition, deleterious effects of soil solarization on growth of onion, carrot and wheat were linked to effects on VAM fungi. A collaborative combination of basic and applied approaches toward enhancing the agronomic benefits of VAM asociations produced new knowledge on symbiotic biology and successful methods for using VAM inocula under field conditions
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Cheeke, Tanya. An Evaluation of the Nontarget Effects of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Maize on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Soil Ecosystem. Portland State University Library, enero de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1027.

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Michel Jr., Frederick C., Harry A. J. Hoitink, Yitzhak Hadar y Dror Minz. Microbial Communities Active in Soil-Induced Systemic Plant Disease Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586476.bard.

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Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR) is a highly variable property that can be induced by compost amendment of potting media and soils. For example, previous studies showed that only 1 of 79 potting mixes prepared with different batches of mature composts produced from several different types of solid wastes were able to suppress the severity of bacterial leaf spot of radish caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae compared with disease on plants produced in a nonamended sphagnum peat mix. In this project, microbial consortia in the rhizosphere of plants grown in ISR-active compost-amended substrates were characterized. The plants used included primarily cucumber but also tomato and radish. Rhizosphere microbial consortia were characterized using multiple molecular tools including DGGE (Israel) and T -RFLP (Ohio) in both ISR-active field plots and potting media. Universal as well as population-specific bacterial and fungal PCR primers were utilized. T -RFLP analyses using universal bacterial primers showed few significant differences in overall bacterial community composition in ISR-active and inactive substrates (Ohio). In addition, the community members which were significantly different varied when different ISR-activecomposts were used (Ohio). To better characterize the shifts in microbial community structure during the development of ISR, population specific molecular tools were developed (Israel, Ohio).-PCR primers were designed to detect and quantify bacterial groups including Pyrenomycetes, Bacillus, Pan toea, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas and Streptomyces as well as Trichoderma and Fusarium; two groups of fungi that harbor isolates which are ISR active (Isreal and Ohio). Bacterial consortia associated with cucumber plants grown in compost-amended potting mixtures were shown to be dominated by the phylogenetic taxon Bacteroidetes, including members of the genus Chryseobacterium, which in some cases have been shown to be involved in biocontrol (Israel). Nested-PCR-DGGE analyses coupled with long l6S rDNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Chryseobacteriumspp. detected on seed and the root in compost-amended treatments were derived from the compost itself. The most effective ISR inducing rhizobacterial strains were identified as Bacillus sp. based on partial sequencing of l6S rDNA. However, these strains were significantly less effective in reducing the severity of disease than Trichoderma hamatum382 (T382). A procedure was developed for inoculation of a compost-amended substrate with T -382 which consistently induced ISR in cucumber against Phytophthora blight caused by Phytophthora capsiciand in radish against bacterial spot (Ohio). Inoculation of compost-amended potting mixes with biocontrol agents such as T -382 and other microbes that induce systemic resistance in plants significantly increased the frequency of systemic disease control obtained with natural compost amendments.
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Minz, Dror, Eric Nelson y Yitzhak Hadar. Ecology of seed-colonizing microbial communities: influence of soil and plant factors and implications for rhizosphere microbiology. United States Department of Agriculture, julio de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587728.bard.

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Original objectives: Our initial project objectives were to 1) Determine and compare the composition of seed-colonizing microbial communities on seeds, 2) Determine the dynamics of development of microbial communities on seeds, and 3) Determine and compare the composition of seed-colonizing microbial communities with the composition of those in the soil and rhizosphere of the plants. Revisions to objectives: Our initial work on this project was hampered by the presence of native Pythium species in the soils we were using (in the US), preventing us from getting accurate assessments of spermosphere microbial communities. In our initial work, we tried to get around this problem by focusing on water potentials that might reduce damage from native Pythium species. This also prompted some initial investigation of the oomycete communities associated seedlings in this soil. However, for this work to proceed in a way that would allow us to examine seed-colonizing communities on healthy plants, we needed to either physically treat soils or amend soils with composts to suppress damage from Pythium. In the end, we followed the compost amendment line of investigation, which took us away from our initial objectives, but led to interesting work focusing on seed-associated microbial communities and their functional significance to seed-infecting pathogens. Work done in Israel was using suppressive compost amended potting mix throughout the study and did not have such problems. Our work focused on the following objectives: 1) to determine whether different plant species support a microbial induced suppression of Pythium damping-off, 2) to determine whether compost microbes that colonize seeds during early stages of seed germination can adequately explain levels of damping-off suppression observed, 3) to characterize cucumber seed-colonizing microbial communities that give rise to the disease suppressive properties, 4) assess carbon competition between seed-colonizing microbes and Pythium sporangia as a means of explaining Pythium damping-off suppression. Background: Earlier work demonstrated that seed-colonizing microbes might explain Pythium suppression. Yet these seed-colonizing microbial communities have never been characterized and their functional significance to Pythium damping-off suppression is not known. Our work set out to confirm the disease suppressive properties of seed-colonizing microbes, to characterize communities, and begin to determine the mechanisms by which Pythium suppression occurs. Major Conclusions: Compost-induced suppression of Pythium damping-off of cucumber and wheat can be explained by the bacterial consortia colonizing seeds within 8 h of sowing. Suppression on pea was highly variable. Fungi and archaea play no role in disease suppression. Potentially significant bacterial taxa are those with affinities to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. Current sequencing efforts are trying to resolve these taxa. Seed colonizing bacteria suppress Pythium by carbon competition, allowing sporangium germination by preventing the development of germ tubes. Presence of Pythium had a strong effect on microbial community on the seed.
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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra y Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.

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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.
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Thomashow, Linda, Leonid Chernin, Ilan Chet, David M. Weller y Dmitri Mavrodi. Genetically Engineered Microbial Agents for Biocontrol of Plant Fungal Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696521.bard.

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The objectives of the project were: a) to construct the site-specific integrative expression cassettes carrying: (i) the chiA gene for a 58-kDa endochitinase, (ii) the pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis operon, and (iii) the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase; b) to employ these constructs to engineer stable recombinant strains with an expanded repertoire of beneficial activities; c) to evaluate the rhizosphere competence and antifungal activity of the WT and modified strains against pathogenic fungi under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; and d) to monitor the persistence and impact of the introduced strains on culturable and nonculturable rhizosphere microbial populations in the greenhouse and the field. The research generally support our concepts that combining strategically selected genes conferring diverse modes of action against plant pathogens into one organism can improve the efficacy of biological control agents. We hypothesized that biocontrol agents (BCAs) engineered to expand their repertoire of beneficial activities will more effectively control soilborne plant pathogens. In this work, we demonstrated that biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and Q2-87, both producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) effective against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, can be improved significantly by introducing and expressing either the 1.6-kb gene chiA, encoding the 58-kDa endochitinase ChiA from the rhizosphere strain SerratiaplymuthicaIC1270, or the 5.8-kb prnABCDoperon encoding the broad-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin (Prn) from another rhizosphere strain, P. fluorescens Pf-5. The PₜₐcchiAandPₜₐcprnABCDcassettes were cloned into the integrative pBK-miniTn7-ΩGm plasmid, and inserted into the genomic DNA of the recipient bacteria. Recombinant derivatives of strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 expressing the PₜₐcchiA or PₜₐcprnABCD cassettes produced endochitinase ChiA, or Prn, respectively, in addition to 2,4-DAPG, and the recombinants gave significantly better biocontrol of R. solani on beans under greenhouse conditions. The disease reduction index increased in comparison to the parental strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 to 17.5 and 39.0% from 3.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcchiAcassette and to 63.1 and 70% vs. 2.8 and 12,4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcprnABCDcassette. The genetically modified strains exhibited persistence and non-target effects comparable to those of the parental strains in greenhouse soil. Three integrative cassettes carrying the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase cloned under the control of different promoters were constructed and tested for enhancement of plant growth promotion by biocontrol strains of P. fluorescens and S. plymuthica. The integrative cassettes constructed in this work are already being used as a simple and efficient tool to improve biocontrol activity of various PGPR bacteria against fungi containing chitin in the cell walls or highly sensitive to Prn. Some parts of the work (e. g., construction of integrative cassettes) was collaborative while other parts e.g., (enzyme and antibiotic activity analyses) were fully synergistic. The US partners isolated and provided to the Israeli collaborators the original biocontrol strains P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 and their mutants deficient in 2,4-DAPG production, which were used to evaluate the relative importance of introduction of Prn, chitinase or ACC deaminase genes for improvement of the biocontrol activity of the parental strains. The recombinant strains obtained at HUJI were supplied to the US collaborators for further analysis.
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Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, Joseph Teye y Steve Wiggin. Ghana’s Cocoa Farmers Need to Change Gear: What Policymakers Need to Know, and What They Might Do. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), marzo de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.008.

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Cocoa farmers in Ghana face increasing challenges. In the past, many of them could make a living from cocoa thanks to the advantages – ‘forest rents’ – that initially apply when forest is cleared to create cocoa farms: fertile soils, few pests and diseases. With time, however, weeds invade, pests and diseases build up, and trees age. To maintain production requires more labour, more inputs and more skill. In the past, farmers would often abandon older groves and seek new forest to clear. As they did so, the frontier for cocoa farming moved westwards across Ghana to the remaining high forest. But by 2000 or so, no new forest was available. Farmers now have to manage aging stands of trees, clear weeds and parasites, and combat pests, fungi and diseases. In Suhum District in the east and in Juaboso District in the far west of Ghana, we talked to farmers. They understood the challenges they faced, and knew how to deal with some of them. But many were not farming their cocoa as well as they could, losing yields and income as a result. This brief provides a basis for policymakers to move forward in responding to the current challenges facing cocoa farmers.
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The Growth of Calliandra calothyrsus Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi on Silica Post Mining Media Amended with Soil Ameliorant. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, diciembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56669/lwuo5639.

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