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1
Kozlowski, T. T. "Soil Moisture and Absorption of Water by Tree Roots". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 13, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1987): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1987.007.
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Shade trees undergo periodic dehydration because the rate of absorption of soil water lags behind the rate of transpirational water loss from tree crowns. The rate of absorption of water from wet, warm, and well-aerated soil is controlled largely by the rate of transpiration. However, absorption of water often is impeded by low soil moisture content, a small or slow-growing root system, poor soil aeration, low soil temperature, a high concentration of the soil solution, or combinations of these. As the soil dries down from field capacity, the rate of absorption of water is reduced because of increased resistance to water movement in the soil and within the tree as well as loss of soil-root contact. Poor soil aeration in compacted or flooded soils decreases water absorption by inhibiting root growth, inducing decay of roots, and suppressing development of mycorrhizae. Low soil temperature reduces absorption of water by decreasing the permeability of roots, increasing the viscosity of water, and inhibiting root growth. High concentrations of deicing salts and fertilizers in the soil solution may reduce absorption of water by osmotic effects.
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Shikhamany, S. D., J. N. Kalbhor, T. S. Shelke y T. S. Mungare. "Variation in the Interactions among soil K+, Ca++, Mg++ and Na+ ions as influenced by the variety and rootstock in grape". Journal of Horticultural Sciences 13, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2018.v13i02.009.
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A nutritional survey was conducted to study the influence of variety and rootstock on interactionamong K+, Ca++, Mg++and Na+ ions in grape during 2012-14. Soil cation contents did not correlatewith their respective contents in petioles indicating a strong antagonism among them. Quadraticrelationship of soil cations with the absorption (ratio of petiole content to soil content) of otherions revealed that the antagonism among cations was observed in case of soil K+ with Ca++ andNa+ absorption on 110R and Dog Ridge rootstocks, soil Ca+ with K+ and Mg++ and Na+ in Sonakavariety and Na+ in own rooted vines, soil Mg++ with Ca++ and Na+ also in own rooted vines; andNa++ with Ca++ and Mg++ respectively in 2A clone and Dog Ridge. Contrarily, increased absorptionof K+ by soil Ca++ on 110R, Na+ and K+ by soil Mg++ respectively in Sonaka and 110R, and Ca++by soil Na+ on Dog Ridge was also observed. All the soil cations together influenced K+ absorptionmost in Sonaka followed by Mg++ absorption in 2A clone, but Ca++ absorption on Dog Ridgefollowed by K+ on 110R.
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Sayyed, Mohammed I., Ferdi Akman, Veysel Turan y Aslı Araz. "Evaluation of radiation absorption capacity of some soil samples". Radiochimica Acta 107, n.º 1 (19 de diciembre de 2018): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-2996.
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Abstract The aim of the present work is to investigate the radiation absorption capacity of different soil samples in Turkey. For this purpose, we used a γ ray transmission geometry to measure the mass attenuation coefficients of eight soil samples collected between Bingöl city and Solhan district, Turkey at different γ-ray energies in the range of 13.94–88.04 keV. The radioactive sources utilized in the experiment were 241Am, 109Cd and 133Ba. FFAST and WinXCOM programs were used to evaluate the theoretical mass attenuation coefficients values of the selected soil samples. There is a good agreement between experimental and theoretical results. Additionally, the mass attenuation coefficients values used to evaluate different radiation shielding parameters such as effective atomic number, half value layer and mean free path. The variation of shielding parameters was examined for soil composition and photon energy. The obtained results revealed that S6 soil sample is the best soil in terms of shielding effectiveness among all the collected soils due to lower values for half value layer and mean free path. The effective removal cross-section (ΣR) of fast neutrons for the collected soils was also computed to examine neutrons shielding properties of the soil samples. It is found that the ΣR values for the soil samples are almost constant and lie within the range (0.04286–0.04949 cm−1).
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KUPATADZE, Ketevan. "INVESTIGATION OF PHOSPHATE-ION RETENTION STRENGHT IN SOME TYPES OF KAKHETI SOILS". SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 27, n.º 27 (20 de diciembre de 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v27.n27.2019.7_2019.pdf.
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The presented article describes the soil types existing in east Georgia, particularly in several villages of Gurjaani Municipality-Vazisubani, Kalauri, Mukuzani, Shashiani. Meadow-brown and brown soils represent good soil types for viticulture development in Kakheti. The vineyards cultivated on these soils produce such wellknown wines as Tsinandali, Vazisubani, Mukuzani, Akhasheni, Gurjaani, Manavi. The study explores brown carbonate and meadow-brown soil lab tests to examine the absorption of phosphate ions by them. The study showed that the amount of phosphorus deposited through soils is sufficiently absorbed under various conditions, having a positive effect on the amount of crop. Was compared the rates of phosphate absorption in these soils with the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers, which showed that the higher the absorption of phosphorus, the lower the amount of phosphorus available to the plant and the lower the yield, and the lower the strength of phosphorus retention, the higher the amount of phosphorus to be consumed by the plant and the higher the yield. But under the conditions of high cultivation degree, the strength of phosphorus absorption became weak, resulted in a large amount of exchangeable and movable phosphates already existing in the soil, which is available to the plant. So, the efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers on such soil is weak. The speed of phosphorus absorption in the soil of Gurjaani municipality villages is satisfactory. However, in case of a high degree of cultivation (or in case of excess fertilization), the degree of phosphorus retention decreases. Accordingly, phosphorus-containing fertilizers should be used within strictly controlled limits.
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Kupatadze, Ketevan. "Investigation of phosphate-ion retention strenght in some types of Kakheti soils". Southern Brazilian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 27, No. 27, 2019 27, n.º 27 (22 de abril de 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37633/sbjc.27(27)2019.1-7.
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The presented article describes the soil types existing in east Georgia, particularly in several villages of Gurjaani Municipality-Vazisubani, Kalauri, Mukuzani, Shashiani. Meadow-brown and brown soils represent good soil types for viticulture development in Kakheti. The vineyards cultivated on these soils produce such wellknown wines as Tsinandali, Vazisubani, Mukuzani, Akhasheni, Gurjaani, Manavi. The study explores brown carbonate and meadow-brown soil lab tests to examine the absorption of phosphate ions by them. The study showed that the amount of phosphorus deposited through soils is sufficiently absorbed under various conditions, having a positive effect on the amount of crop. Was compared the rates of phosphate absorption in these soils with the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers, which showed that the higher the absorption of phosphorus, the lower the amount of phosphorus available to the plant and the lower the yield, and the lower the strength of phosphorus retention, the higher the amount of phosphorus to be consumed by the plant and the higher the yield. But under the conditions of high cultivation degree, the strength of phosphorus absorption became weak, resulted in a large amount of exchangeable and movable phosphates already existing in the soil, which is available to the plant. So, the efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers on such soil is weak. The speed of phosphorus absorption in the soil of Gurjaani municipality villages is satisfactory. However, in case of a high degree of cultivation (or in case of excess fertilization), the degree of phosphorus retention decreases. Accordingly, phosphorus-containing fertilizers should be used within strictly controlled limits.
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Malik, Usman, Indra Gunawan y Juandi M. "ANALISA TINGKAT RESAPAN TANAH BERDASARKAN PENGUKURAN PERMEABILITAS TANAH (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Tampan Kota Pekanbaru)". Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia 15, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jkfi.15.1.51-55.
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Research was conducted to analyze the soil absorption level based on measurements of soil permeability in District Tampan Pekanbaru City, by taking soil samples for 16 units in four villages namely Simpang Baru, Delima, Tuah Karya, and Sidomulyo Barat which consists of four research blocks. Data inputted into the surfer’s software 11 to be processed so as to produce a contour map of soil absorption level. The results that highest soil absorption of the land in Tuah Karya Village of 108,090.50 m3/year whereas lowest soil absorption of the land in Simpang Baru Village of 91,149.35 m3/year. High soil absorption level caused by open spaces area was large and the amount of rainfall that absorbed into the soil and soil absorption coefficient was high. While the low soil absorption level caused by open spaces area was small and the least rainfall that absorbed into the soil and the soil absorption coefficient is low.
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Camargo, Mônica Sartori de, Hamilton Seron Pereira, Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer, Angélica Araújo Queiroz y Caroline Borges dos Reis. "Soil reaction and absorption of silicon by rice". Scientia Agricola 64, n.º 2 (2007): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000200011.
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The solubility and availability of silicon can be influenced by soil reaction. A pot experiment with a clayey textured Rhodic Acrustox was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of soil reaction on silicon availability to rice plants. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, using a factorial scheme (4 x 4) with four materials (calcitic lime, calcium and magnesium silicate, pure silicic acid, and wollastonite), four rates (0, 2500, 5000 and 7500 mg per 5 kg-pot) and four replicates. After 60 days, dry matter yield and silicon absorption by the rice shoot plants, pH CaCl2, and soluble silicon (0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid and 0.01 mol L-1CaCl2) in the soil were evaluated. The materials increased soil pH as the applied rates increased, except silicic acid. Soluble silicon extracted by 0.5 mol L-1 acetic acid also increased with applied rates. For calcium chloride, soluble silicon increased in the soil only with wollastonite and calcium and magnesium silicate, agreeing with its total content. Silicon absorption by the above-ground part of the rice plants was linearly correlated with rates of wollastonite, followed by calcium and magnesium silicate, silicic acid and calcitic lime. Soil pH increase with lime was not sufficient to provide silicon to the rice. The 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 soluble silicon had the best correlation with silicon absorption by plants. More studies are necessary under field conditions and other soils to corroborate the presented results.
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Bonomelli, Claudia, Pilar M. Gil y Bruce Schaffer. "Effect of Soil Type on Calcium Absorption and Partitioning in Young Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Trees". Agronomy 9, n.º 12 (3 de diciembre de 2019): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120837.
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A two-year study was conducted to determine how soil texture affects calcium (Ca) absorption and partitioning in potted ‘Hass’ avocado trees. Trees were planted in 200 L pots in one of four soil types: clay (C), clay loam (CL), sandy loam (SL) or sand (S). Prior to planting, Ca content in each soil was in the normal range of availability, although the Ca concentration was highest in C soil. After two years of tree development, dry weights of shoots and roots were significantly higher in the SL and S soils than in C soil. Trees in the C soil had higher wood dry weight than trees in SL or S soils. The Ca contents (absolute quantities, not concentrations) in the roots, shoots and whole tree were significantly lower in the C soil than in the SL or S soils. The K/Ca ratio of trees in the C soil (K/Ca = 1.5) was significantly higher than that in the other soil types. Stem water potential was significantly lower for trees in the C soil compared to the other soils. These results indicate that Ca absorption and partitioning in young avocado trees varies with soil texture, probably associated with soil effects on root growth and/or plant water status.
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Mátyás, Bence, Maritza Elizabeth Chiluisa Andrade, Nora Carmen Yandun Chida, Carina Maribel Taipe Velasco, Denisse Estefania Gavilanes Morales, Gisella Nicole Miño Montero, Lenin Javier Ramirez Cando y Ronnie Xavier Lizano Acevedo. "Comparing organic versus conventional soil management on soil respiration". F1000Research 7 (2 de marzo de 2018): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13852.1.
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Soil management has great potential to affect soil respiration. In this study, we investigated the effects of organic versus conventional soil management on soil respiration. We measured the main soil physical-chemical properties from conventional and organic managed soil in Ecuador. Soil respiration was determined using alkaline absorption according to Witkamp. Soil properties such as organic matter, nitrogen, and humidity, were comparable between conventional and organic soils in the present study, and in a further analysis there was no statically significant correlation with soil respiration. Therefore, even though organic farmers tend to apply more organic material to their fields, but this did not result in a significantly higher CO2 production in their soils in the present study.
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Kim, Hyesu, Jaehyung Yu, Lei Wang, Yongsik Jeong y Jieun Kim. "Variations in Spectral Signals of Heavy Metal Contamination in Mine Soils Controlled by Mineral Assemblages". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 20 (9 de octubre de 2020): 3273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203273.
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This paper illustrates a spectroscopic analysis of heavy metal concentration in mine soils with the consideration of mineral assemblages originated by weathering and mineralization processes. The mine soils were classified into two groups based on the mineral composition: silicate clay mineral group (Group A) and silicate–carbonate–skarn–clay mineral group (Group B). Both soil groups are contaminated with Cu, Zn, As, and Pb, while the contamination level was higher for Group A. The two groups exhibit different geochemical behaviors with different heavy metal contamination. The spectral variation associated with heavy metal was highly correlated with absorption features of clay and iron oxide minerals for Group A, and the absorption features of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals for Group B. It indicates that the geochemical adsorption of heavy metal elements mainly occurs with clay minerals and iron oxides from weathering, and of skarn minerals, iron oxides, and clay minerals from mineralization. Therefore, soils from different secondary mineral production processes should be analyzed with different spectral models. We constructed spectral models for predicting Cu, Zn, As, and Pb in soil group A and Zn and Pb in soil group B using corresponding absorptions. Both models were statistically significant with sufficient accuracy.
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Janaki Rama Suresh, G., K. Sreenivas y R. Sivasamy. "Hyperspectral analysis of clay minerals". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (28 de noviembre de 2014): 443–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-443-2014.
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A study was carried out by collecting soil samples from parts of Gwalior and Shivpuri district, Madhya Pradesh in order to assess the dominant clay mineral of these soils using hyperspectral data, as 0.4 to 2.5 μm spectral range provides abundant and unique information about many important earth-surface minerals. Understanding the spectral response along with the soil chemical properties can provide important clues for retrieval of mineralogical soil properties. The soil samples were collected based on stratified random sampling approach and dominant clay minerals were identified through XRD analysis. The absorption feature parameters like depth, width, area and asymmetry of the absorption peaks were derived from spectral profile of soil samples through DISPEC tool. The derived absorption feature parameters were used as inputs for modelling the dominant soil clay mineral present in the unknown samples using Random forest approach which resulted in kappa accuracy of 0.795. Besides, an attempt was made to classify the Hyperion data using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) algorithm with an overall accuracy of 68.43 %. Results showed that kaolinite was the dominant mineral present in the soils followed by montmorillonite in the study area.
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Ebers, T. y W. Bischofsberger. "Wastewater Treatment by Soil Absorption Systems". Water Science and Technology 22, n.º 7-8 (1 de julio de 1990): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0274.
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In the Federal Republic of Germany, the barely treated wastewater of about 7 million people is percolated into the soil. Groundwater quality has now become a major concern, and investigations into soil filtration as a means of eliminating pollution from household wastewater have been started. Experiments with six laboratory lysimeters (diameter = 0.4 m, height = 1.8 m) are described. Three lysimeters were filled with slightly silty sand, the other three with fine gravel sand. All lysimeters have been in operation for about two years. Initially they were loaded with mechanically treated wastewater from a municipal treatment plant and later with effluent from a septic tank. Hydraulic loading varied from 0.5 to 31 cm/d. Results showed good efficiency for fine gravel sand (aerobic conditions) in removal of BOD5 (98.0 to 99.2 %), COD (88.0 to 92.8 %) and Kjeldahl nitrogen (90.0 to 91.3 %). Elimination of phosphate ranged from 5.7 to 86.0 %. Slightly silty sand (anaerobic conditions) showed the best results in elimination of phosphate (86.0 to 99.3 %) and relatively good elimination rates were achieved for BOD5 (65.0 to 98.2 %) and COD (about 76 %). Elimination of Kjeldahl nitrogen ranged from 39.6 to 68.4 %. The results for the two soils can be summarized as follows: Fine gravel sand: high hydraulic loading capacity (aerobic conditions); high elimination rates of BOD5 and COD; high elimination rates of ammonium by nitrification; very low elimination of total phosphate. Slightly silty sand: low hydraulic loading capacity and, despite this, anaerobic conditions; high elimination rates of BOD5 and barely inferior elimination rates of COD in comparison to fine gravel sand; low elimination rates of ammonium; very high elimination rates of total phosphate.
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Cochet, C., D. Derangère y T. Rousselle. "Soil Absorption Systems and Nitrogen Removal". Water Science and Technology 22, n.º 3-4 (1 de marzo de 1990): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0190.
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The mass of nitrogen wasted from conventional soil absorption systems used as waste water drainage and treatment facilities sometimes contributes to pollution of vulnerable groundwater tables. The scope of nitrogen compounds transformation along the different stages of treatment shows that nitrate is quite often the nitrogen end product of efficient aerobic soil treatment for septic tank effluent. Results are reported from long term on-site compact sand filter study, showing that nitrate production depends on hydraulic conditions, but can be very efficient when filtering media is kept unsaturated, for an experimental hydraulic load of 15cm/day When clogging of the system is induced by increasing hydraulic load, nitrate production decreases drastically while removal for other parameters such as organic matter is also affected. A synthetic effluent study gives results on nitrification and denitrification operating conditions applied to sand columns and shows that denitrification can be efficient as a second step of treatment when an extra carbon source is added at the head of a second anaerobic sand column.
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Vašát, Radim, Radka Kodešová, Luboš Borůvka, Ondrěj Jakšík, Aleš Klement y Ondřej Drábek. "Absorption Features in Soil Spectra Assessment". Applied Spectroscopy 69, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2015): 1425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/14-07800.
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WESTER, RONALD C., HOWARD I. MAIBACH, LENA SEDIK, JOSEPH MELENDRES, MICHAEL WADE y STEPHEN DIZIO. "Percutaneous Absorption of Pentachlorophenol from Soil". Toxicological Sciences 20, n.º 1 (1993): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/20.1.68.
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Reed, Brian E., Mark R. Matsumoto, Akio Wake, Hiroaki Iwamoto y Fumiaki Takeda. "Improvements in Soil Absorption Trench Design". Journal of Environmental Engineering 115, n.º 4 (agosto de 1989): 853–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1989)115:4(853).
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Wester, R. "Percutaneous Absorption of Pentachlorophenol from Soil". Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 20, n.º 1 (enero de 1993): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/faat.1993.1008.
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Adygozalov, M. "Drop Field Results Irrigation of Tomatoes Conducted by Experiment Section of Guba-Khachmaz Zone". Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, n.º 6 (15 de junio de 2021): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/67/09.
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The article reflects the results of experimental research carried out with the aim of studying the water-physical properties of the soils of the experimental site selected for drip irrigation of tomatoes in the Guba-Khachmaz zone. The soil cover of the experimental site in terms of the granulometric composition consists of layer-by-layer alternating light, medium and heavy loams, the volumetric mass of the meter layer of soil is 1.40 g/cm3, the density is 2.69 g/cm3, the porosity is 47.9%, the lowest moisture capacity is 19.65%. The rate of moisture absorption of the soil varies within 6.47–7.74 cm / h and therefore the soil cover of the experimental site is included in the group of soils with average moisture absorption.
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Jafarova, Sh. "Relationship Between Physical-Chemical and Biological Indicators of Meadow-Brown Soils". Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, n.º 8 (15 de agosto de 2021): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/69/07.
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The article presents the results of research on the relationship between some physicochemical and biological indicators of meadow-brown soils of semi-humid subtropics of the Lenkoran. The characteristic relationships between the humus content and the absorption capacity, as well as between the number of microorganisms and the reactions (pH) of the soil environment, have been studied. The analysis of the dependence of the investigated quantitative indicators is presented. As a result, it is concluded that there is a relationship between the soil absorption capacity and the humus content in meadow soils. The pH of the soil medium ranges from neutral to slightly alkaline.
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Frenkel, A. I. y G. V. Korshin. "Studies of Cu(II) in soil by X-ray absorption spectroscopy". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2001): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-073.
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Based on original data for copper, this paper evaluates the use and advantages of X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) in studies of heavy metals in soils. The structural parameters of the Cu2+ target were quantified for soil exposed to copper and the same soil eluted with 0.1 M HCl. Experimental data were obtained using synchrotron sources of second and third generations.X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) indicated that the copper in both samples is likely to be predominantly bound by oxygen-containing functional groups. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis showed that the equatorial Cu-O distances were similar to those seen for Cu2+-humic complexes in aqueous solutions, but the axial distances for both samples were longer than in water. In the axial direction, this may indicate a type of ligation dissimilar to that in solutions. The magnitude of the mean square deviation of the axial Cu-O distance in the 0.1 M HCl eluted sample indicated a stronger bond compared with that in the sample containing both extractable and tightly bound copper. The results indicate that careful examination of structural data for sequentially eluted soils in combination with the development of new radiation sources to improve the sensitivity and quality of the data are likely to improve insight into the nature of interactions between heavy metals and soil. Key words: Soil, copper, humic, speciation, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray absorption near edge structure
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Zhang, Lianhe, Jinyong Yang, Zihao Fu, Yihan Fu, Sinan Liu, Menglin Chen, Qizhuang Sun et al. "Pathway and driving forces of selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades". Plant, Soil and Environment 65, No. 12 (19 de diciembre de 2019): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/542/2019-pse.
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Selenium (Se) deficiency in the human diet is a widespread problem. Se biofortification of wheat crop by spraying foliage with selenite could effectively increase Se intake by enhancing the Se concentration in wheat grains. However, pathway and driving forces of selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of selenite-applied concentration, selenite-exposed duration, stomatal inhibitors, respiratory inhibitors, and competitive anions on selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades were investigated. The results indicated that the selenite absorption rate increased linearly with increasing selenite concentrations, but it decreased greatly and reached a low level with treatment times of 4 h and longer. Stomatal inhibitors significantly inhibited selenite absorption. Respiratory inhibitors and inorganic phosphate (P<sub>i</sub>) strongly inhibited selenite absorption. Therefore, selenite passively enters wheat leaf blades via cuticle and stomata, and then enters mesophyll cells via P<sub>i</sub> transporters. Concentration gradients and selenite uptake by mesophyll cells provide continual driving forces for selenite absorption in leaf blades.
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Sueoka, Y., M. Sakakibara, S. Sano y K. Sera. "Heavy metal accumulation and the practical application of lichens as bioindicators for heavy metal pollution in surface soil". International Journal of PIXE 26, n.º 03n04 (enero de 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083517500024.
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Levels of trace element pollution in surface soil have been estimated using soil analyses and leaching tests. These methods may reveal different results due to the effect of soil properties on the elemental availability. Therefore, this study advocates an alternative method for monitoring and assessment of trace element pollution in surface soil using terricolous fruticose lichens. Lichens and their substrata were analyzed using particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and XRF to clarify the relationships between Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations in lichens and soils, including their absorption properties. Concentrations of these elements in the lichens were positively correlated with those in the soils regardless of lichen species, location, habitat, or conditions of soils. The analyzed lichens had neither competitive nor antagonistic properties in their elemental absorption, which made them good bioindicators of trace element pollution in surface soil. The distribution maps of average Cu, Zn, As and Pb concentrations at each sampling region was detected at almost all of the Cu, Zn and As pollution of the soils. Therefore, lichens could be used in practical applications to monitor Cu, Zn and As pollution in surface soils.
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Dissanayake, N. U. S., P. G. H. Pupulewatte, D. T. Jayawardana y D. M. Senevirathne. "Characterization of Kaolin-rich Laterite Soil for Applications for the Development of Soil-based Cosmetic Products". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, n.º 5-S (15 de octubre de 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5-s.5615.
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The present study aims to characterize the properties of the raw and thermally activated laterite soil to be used to develop cosmetic products. Collected soil samples were washed and air-dried for 48 hours, collected soil samples were air-dried for 48 hours. Air-dried soil was crushed to create 500 µm powdered materials. Thermally activated soil samples were prepared by heating the laterite soil at 100 0C, 200 0C, 300 0C, and 400 0C for 3 hours in a muffle furnace. The physicochemical properties of laterite such as morphology, surface functional groups, elemental composition, surface area, and trace elements were analyzed. The Cell Forming Unit (CFU) was counted in the raw soil, and thermally activated soil samples at the beginning. Antimicrobial Assay was tested with Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms in raw and thermally activated laterite soil. An uncountable amount of microorganisms per gram was observed in the raw soil sample and fewer microorganisms were counted in 100 0C, and 200 0C samples. The CFU was zero microorganisms per gram for the 300 0C, and 400 0C samples. The optimum density of the culture is measured to estimate the growth of the microbial cells. Oil absorption, sweat absorption and swelling capacity were used to characterize the samples with raw and thermally activated soils. The characterization results indicated that chosen soil samples have good oil and sweat absorption, good swelling capacity and microbiological safety, making them suitable for cosmetic applications.
Keywords: Cosmetics, Chemical analysis, Laterite soil, Microbiology, Thermally activation, physiochemical features
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Ezreig, Ali Muftah Abdussalam, Mohd Ashraf Mohamad Ismail y Khaled Ibrahim Azarroug Ehwailat. "Hydrophobic Effect of Soil Stabilization for a Sustainable Subgrade Soil Improvement". Materials 15, n.º 9 (24 de abril de 2022): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15093087.
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The chemical process of using additives to stabilize soils is to improve soil that lacks strong engineering properties. In particular, the moisture susceptibility of subgrade soil through seasonal rains is still questionable. The presence of water in the construction is the cause of deterioration and premature distress of pavements and their supporting geotechnical structures. In this work, the chemical use of hydrophobic caltite (HC) in various amounts (ranging from 3%, 5%, to 7%) and 5% of cement to enhance laterite soils is investigated. The investigation includes the evaluation of soil properties, such as, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) by curing in air and under water, flexural strength (FS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) soaked and unsoaked. The addition of caltite with cement increases the strength characteristics with the UCS values of 2078–2853 kPa during the early curing stages (7th day), and 4688–4876 kPa after 90 days of curing. The added caltite in the cement soil samples shows a reduction index of strength loss underwater with the UCS values of 3196, 3334, and 3751 kPa for caltite cemented soil when compared with cement soil alone. FS results suggest that the inclusion of caltite in cement means that post-peak behavior can be enhanced, reducing the brittleness and increasing the ductility. The successful reaction with soil additives occurred in the curing period of 7 days. In terms of the microstructural analysis, results show that HC with cement reduces the porosity, voids, and cracking of laterite soils. Furthermore, new polymer globules, products from the reaction, appeared on the clay particle surfaces, thereby reducing the water absorption. The addition of hydrophobic-caltite to the soil–cement mixture results in increased strength and reduced water absorption in a soil–cement mix, thus achieving a given strength value.
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Duff, Robert M. "EFFECT OF SOIL LOADING ON DERMAL ABSORPTION EFFICIENCY FROM CONTAMINATED SOILS". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 48, n.º 1 (mayo de 1996): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/009841096161492.
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Savich, Vitaliy, Andrey Sorokin, Vladimir Sedykh y Vasily Rashkovich. "Kinetics of soil contamination with heavy metals". АгроЭкоИнфо 2, n.º 50 (9 de marzo de 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202122205.
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The paper shows that the rate of soil contamination with heavy metals depends on a combination of soil properties: humus content, cation absorption capacity, granulometric composition of soils. The rate of absorption of heavy metals in soils depended on the position of the soils in the catena. On ordinary chernozems for plateaus and slopes, the content of mobile forms of lead was estimated by the equation: Pb = 20.1 - 0.02 N cm, where H is the depth of the layer r = -0.72, for the accumulative relief of the beam Rb = 27.4 - 0.14 N cm, r = -0.86. The rate of accumulation of heavy metals in soils differs for gross and mobile forms of compounds, for short-term and long-term forecasts. Thus, the change in the content of mobile forms of lead in chernozems was estimated by the equation: Y = 0.143t + 1.42; R2 = 0.6; for cadmium, Y = 0.003t + 0.0003; R2 = 0.9. For the short-term forecast, Rb = 0.143t + 1.42, R2 = 0.63; for the medium-term forecast, Rb = 0.417t + 1.7; R2 = 0.71. It is proved that when making forecasts of soil pollution with heavy metals, it is necessary to take into account the combination of soil properties, the position of the relief, the forecast period - the growing season, a number of years. Keywords: HEAVY METALS, SOIL POLLUTION, KINETICS OF PROCESSES, FORECAST
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Enenebeaku, Conrad K., Chidozie N. Anyanwu, Nnaemeka J. Okorocha, Uchechi E. Enenebeaku, Emmanuel Nzediegwu y Cynthia E. Ogukwe. "Phyto-Availability of Potentially Toxic Metals in Curcubita ficifolia Grown on Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Soils". International Letters of Natural Sciences 59 (octubre de 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.59.38.
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In order to estimate plant available fraction of metals in two soil samples-contaminated soil (A) and non-contaminated soil (B), a vegetable crop,Curcubita ficifoliawas grown on both soil samples. The matured leaf was harvested and analyzed for its metal concentration after three (3) months of growth. The soil samples were collected before and after planting, digested with acid and analyzed to determine the pseudo total metal concentration and quantification was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To correlate metal accumulation by the vegetable with potential bioavailability of metals in soils, sequential extraction (SE) using the modified BCR technique was performed on the soils. Soil sample B was used for quality control. It was observed that each metal differed considerably in uptake. And theC. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample A had tissue concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cu as follows: 39.6mgkg-1, 18.3mgkg-1and 26.3mgkg-1respectively. Also,C. ficifoliacultivated on soil sample B had a lower absorption of Zn, Mn and Cu with concentrations of 10.21mgkg-1, 9.11mgkg-1, and 7.6mgkg-1respectively. Results of sequential extraction showed that Zn for soil sample A, and Fe for sample B were mostly present in the acid exchangeable and reducible fractions where these metals were mostly taken up.
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Enenebeaku, Conrad K., Chidozie N. Anyanwu, Nnaemeka J. Okorocha, Uchechi E. Enenebeaku, Emmanuel Nzediegwu y Cynthia E. Ogukwe. "Phyto-Availability of Potentially Toxic Metals in <i>Curcubita ficifolia</i> Grown on Contaminated and Non-Contaminated Soils". International Letters of Natural Sciences 59 (7 de octubre de 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-3lrc0m.
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In order to estimate plant available fraction of metals in two soil samples-contaminated soil (A) and non-contaminated soil (B), a vegetable crop, Curcubita ficifolia was grown on both soil samples. The matured leaf was harvested and analyzed for its metal concentration after three (3) months of growth. The soil samples were collected before and after planting, digested with acid and analyzed to determine the pseudo total metal concentration and quantification was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). To correlate metal accumulation by the vegetable with potential bioavailability of metals in soils, sequential extraction (SE) using the modified BCR technique was performed on the soils. Soil sample B was used for quality control. It was observed that each metal differed considerably in uptake. And the C. ficifolia cultivated on soil sample A had tissue concentrations of Zn, Mn and Cu as follows: 39.6mgkg-1, 18.3mgkg-1and 26.3mgkg-1 respectively. Also, C. ficifolia cultivated on soil sample B had a lower absorption of Zn, Mn and Cu with concentrations of 10.21mgkg-1, 9.11mgkg-1, and 7.6mgkg-1 respectively. Results of sequential extraction showed that Zn for soil sample A, and Fe for sample B were mostly present in the acid exchangeable and reducible fractions where these metals were mostly taken up.
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Kim, Min-Gi, Kyu-Won Hwang, Eun-Jung Hwang, Soo-Cheol Yoo y Joon-Kwan Moon. "Absorption of soil residual azoxystrobin to lettuce". Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry 60, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2017): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2017.054.
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Wester, Ronald C., Howard I. Maibach, Lena Sedik, Joseph Melendres, Cheng L. Liao y Stephen DiZio. "Percutaneous absorption of [14C]chlordane from soil". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 35, n.º 4 (abril de 1992): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287399209531617.
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Kutlu, Turgut, Andrey K. Guber, Mark L. Rivers y Alexandra N. Kravchenko. "Moisture absorption by plant residue in soil". Geoderma 316 (abril de 2018): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.11.043.
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Weng, Huanxin, Ailan Yan, Xiuhui Song y Chunlai Hong. "Migration and bio-absorption of125I in soil". Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 25, S1 (marzo de 2006): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02839883.
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LU, S. y M. H. MILLER. "THE ROLE OF VA MYCORRHIZAE IN THE ABSORPTION OF P AND Zn BY MAIZE IN FIELD AND GROWTH CHAMBER EXPERIMENTS". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 69, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1989): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss89-009.
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Two years of field experiments and one growth chamber experiment were conducted to determine the role of VA mycorrhizae in P and Zn absorption as well as the P-Zn interaction. The pattern of development of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) in the early growth stages of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in southern Ontario, Canada was investigated. The field experiments consisted of three fertility treatments, recommended phosphorus (RP), high phosphorus (HP) and HP plus zinc (HPZn). The RP and HP soils were used in the growth chamber experiment and Zn fertilizer was added to both RP and HP soils to have treatments of RP, HP, RPZn and HPZn. Benomyl was used in the second year of the field experiment and in the growth chamber experiment to reduce mycorrhizal infection. In the field experiment in 1987, 20% of the roots were colonized by VAM in the RP soil just 3 wk after sowing. At 40 d after sowing, about 50% of roots were infected. The HP treatment significantly reduced VAM infection intensity compared to the RP treatment. The addition of 40 kg Zn ha−1 to the HP soil had little effect on mycorrhizal infection intensity in either field or growth chamber experiments. However, Zn fertilization increased mycorrhizal infection in the RP treatment in the growth chamber experiment. Treatment with benomyl significantly decreased mycorrhizal infection, shoot dry weight, P concentration and P inflow in the RP soil, suggesting the fungal relationship is important for P absorption in this soil. There was no conclusive evidence that mycorrhizae are important for P absorption in the HP soil. Although HP treatment decreased VAM infection greatly in both field and growth chamber experiments, it did not affect the absorption of Zn. Benomyl did not affect the shoot Zn concentration in either field or growth chamber experiments, suggesting that mycorrhizae are not important in the absorption of Zn on this soil. Key words: VAM infection development, maize, P, Zn, benomyl
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L P Vidhana Arachchi, Yaspa P A J, Mapa R B y Somapala H. "SOIL PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS AND THEIR EFFECT ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera L. ) ROOTS". CORD 16, n.º 01 (1 de diciembre de 2000): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37833/cord.v16i01.337.
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The objective of the study was to (1) evaluate land suitability for coconut (cocos nucifera L.) production in relation to soil physical properties, (2) identify the soil physical constraints and (3) study their effect on the morphological adaptation of coconut roots. Soil physical properties were found to be significantly related to coconut yield (R2=81.37; p<0.01). Multiple regression with cluster analysis of soil physical properties vs coconut yield enabled classification of soil series into three major groups namely (a) highly (b) moderately and (c) less productive series. It was observed that the high soil compaction which limited the available water and aeration capacity of soils resulted in retardation of the activity of coconut roots. Water stress due to soil compaction was found to induce production of more inactive roots by suberization and dehydration processes. Scanning electron microscopic image showed that soil compaction and water stress, reduced the cell volume per unit area of the absorption zone and the number of pores in respiratory organs of coconut roots resulting in retardation of water and nutrient absorption, and air exchange processes. This in turn malfunctions of absorption cells and respiratory organs of roots resulted in retardation of growth of coconut seedlings. The practical importance of these findings in formulation of land suitability maps for coconuts is discussed.
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Lahučký, Ladislav, Daniel Bajčan y Pavol Trebichalský. "Vertical Zinc Migration in Various Soil Types". Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 57, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2011): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10207-011-0007-y.
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Vertical Zinc Migration in Various Soil TypesIn this contribution the zinc content in selected soil types and soil reaction on zinc loading in kinetic model conditions with knock-down columns filled with soil samples are evaluated. The total zinc content after their draining, finish and decomposition by HF + HClO4mixture and its fractions content in extract of 2 mol dm-3HNO3, in extract of 0.05 mol dm-3EDTA and in extract of 0.01 mol dm-3CaCl2using atomic absorption spectrometry method were determined.The knock-down columns filled with soil samples in model kinetic conditions were used for observation of zinc sorption measure. The maximal water capacity of soils was determined and then solution of 280 mg zinc (ZnSO4.2H2O) per kilogram of soil was applied. The zinc contents in extraction solutions 2 mol dm-3HNO3, 0.05 mol dm-3EDTA and 0.01 mol dm-3CaCl2in drained 0.05 m high soil columns by atomic absorption spectrometry method were determined.The obtained results were evaluated by mathematical-statistical methods - multiple range analysis and linear regression. Achieved data were compared to allowed limit values.The results show different behavior of individual soil types against zinc loading. The soils showed different properties, where zinc migration to the lower column layers was determined. The accent is given to zinc dynamics in neutral and acid soils. The limit value A (140 mg kg-1) was observed in Luvic Cambisol. The limit value A1 (40 mg kg-1) was observed in Eutric Regosol and Luvic Cambisol in upper layer of soil in column. The obtained results show high mobility of zinc in tested soils and thus its risk for ecosystems.
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Salazar, Sean, Cyrus Garner y Richard Coffman. "Development of a Multimode Field Deployable Lidar Instrument for Topographic Measurements of Unsaturated Soil Properties: Instrument Description". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 3 (1 de febrero de 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030289.
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The hydrological and mechanical behavior of soil is determined by the moisture content, soil water (matric) potential, fines content, and plasticity. However, these parameters are often difficult or impractical to determine in the field. Remote characterization of soil parameters is a non-destructive data collection process well suited to large or otherwise inaccessible areas. A ground-based, field-deployable remote sensor, called the soil observation laser absorption spectrometer (SOLAS), was developed to collect measurements from the surface of bare soils and to assess the in-situ condition and essential parameters of the soil. The SOLAS instrument transmits coherent light at two wavelengths using two, continuous-wave, near-infrared diode lasers and the instrument receives backscattered light through a co-axial 203-mm diameter telescope aperture. The received light is split into a hyperspectral sensing channel and a laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) channel via a multi-channel optical receiver. The hyperspectral channel detects light in the visible to shortwave infrared wavelengths, while the LAS channel filters and directs near-infrared light into a pair of photodetectors. Atmospheric water vapor is inferred using the differential absorption of the on- and off-line laser wavelengths (823.20 nm and 847.00 nm, respectively). Range measurement is determined using a frequency-modulated, self-chirped, coherent, homodyne detection scheme. The development of the instrument (transmitter, receiver, data acquisition components) is described herein. The potential for rapid characterization of physical and hydro-mechanical soil properties, including volumetric water content, matric potential, fines content, and plasticity, using the SOLAS remote sensor is discussed. The envisioned applications for the instrument include assessing soils on unstable slopes, such as wildfire burn sites, or stacked mine tailings. Through the combination of spectroradiometry, differential absorption, and range altimetry methodologies, the SOLAS instrument is a novel approach to ground-based remote sensing of the natural environment.
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Kremenetska, Ye O. y A. V. Melnyk. "Physicochemical properties of soils in the forest-park stands of Kyiv city". Bulletin of Sumy National Agrarian University. The series: Agronomy and Biology, n.º 1-2(35-36) (30 de julio de 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32845/agrobio.2019.1-2.3.
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The experimental plots were established in natural forest stands of mature and overmature ages in different edatopes of forest growth – A2, B2, B3, C2, C3, D2 (according to Alekseev-Pogrebnyak's edaphic net). Forest stands formed mainly by Pinus sylvestris L. and / or Quercus robur L. The investigated natural forest stands are characterized by high forest plant effect, which can be explained by the favorable values of the soil’s physicochemical properties (pHH2O, pHKCl, amount of absorbed bases, absorption capacity, degree of saturation of bases).The analysis of physicochemical properties of soils in the forest-park stands of the Kyіv city makes it possible to formulate conclusions. First, the numerical value of the soil-absorbing complex of sod-podzolic soils of clay-sand mechanical composition is negligible. The saturation of the soil-absorption complex by the cations of alkaline earth metals and hydrogen is evidenced by the data of the absorption capacity, which range from 4.7 to 10.7 ‒ in the humus-eluvial horizon, as well as from 2.0 to 5.8 mg ‒ еq. per 100 g of soil ‒ in eluvial horizon. The fact of decrease of this index from the upper layers to the lower ones has been established, and a considerable increase is observed at the near occurrence of moraine sediments.Sums of absorbed bases, as well as the absorption capacity in the upper layers of all soils are close in value. The surface layers are characterized by significant amounts of the sums of the absorbed bases due to the accumulation of bases in the course of bio-circulation ‒ up to 3.3 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil.
In fresh submerged conditions (edatope B2), the maximum value of the sum of absorbed bases was fixed in the humus-eluvial layer of the rich difference of fresh subsidence (edatope B2///) ‒ 5,25 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil; the absorption capacity in this layer reaches 10.41 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil. In edatopes B2/ and B2//, the sum of absorbed bases is negligible ‒ 0.10‒2.01 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil, with the absorption capacity of 2.33‒9.07 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil. Within these limits, the values of these indicators fluctuate in edatopes A2, B3, C2, C3. But in the deep layers of the soil profile (in places of occurrence of the mother soil), the value of this indicator increases again: in pine sand — up to 3.61 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil, moraine sandy loam or loam of fresh suburbs ‒ up to 3.7, moraine light loam in edatope C2 ‒ up to 4.94 and in boulder clay ‒ up to 15.5 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g of soil.
In the case of oak forest, that grow on fertile soil in fresh moisture conditions (edatope D2), the sum of absorbed bases and absorption capacity have the greatest values at depths of 20‒40 cm (8.88 mg – eq. per 100 g soil and 17.9 mg – eq. 100 g soil respectively). The smallest values of these parameters were set at a depth of 62‒100 cm (respectively 4.25 mg ‒ eq. per 100 g soil and 6.7 mg – eq. per 100 g soil). Among the studied edatopes, the highest sums of the absorbed bases are characterized by the soil thickness of edatopes C2 and C3, where this index reaches 82 %.
The actual acidity (рНН2О) values indicate that the upper layers of sod-podzolic soils under fresh boron conditions (edatope A2) are characterized by a weak acid reaction (5.0‒5.5). The magnitude of this indicator deviates toward the midacid reaction in edatopes B2// and B2///, approaches neutral reaction (5.5‒6.0) on relatively rich soils in fresh and moist conditions of moisture (edatopes C2, C3) ‒ in proportion to the increase in Q. robur participation in forest stands. Such actual acidity (рНН2О) contributes to the development of mycorrhizal fungi, the normal nutrition of P. sylvestris and its successful growth. With the depth of the soil thickness, there is a general tendency to neutralize its acidity.
The value of the exchange acidity (pHKCl) of the surface layer of soil under pine stands is within the strongly acidic (4.0‒4.5), and in pine-oak forests this indicator varies between strongly acidic and slightly acidic (4.6‒5.2). In the surface layer of soil of pine forest stands, рНKCl is strongly acidic (4.0‒4.5), and under pine-oak forests it varies between strongly acidic and slightly acidic.
On the example of oak and pine-oak stands that are growing on fresh and moist relatively rich soils (edatopes C2 and C3) the peculiarity of distribution of actual acidity in the surface layer of soils beneath them is revealed. This feature is that the weakly acidic рНН2О reaction approaches to neutral with increasing proportion of Q. robur in the stand’s composition:1/10 of the total forest stand stock is Q. robur and 9/10 is P. sylvestris ‒ pHH2O is 5.0; 3/10 parts is Q. robur and 7/10 parts is P. sylvestris ‒ 5.5; 8/10 parts is Q. robur and 2/10 parts is P. sylvestris ‒ 5.7; 10/10 parts is Q. robur ‒ 5.9.
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Jan, Kubeš, Skalický Milan, Hejnák Václav, Tůmová Lenka, Martin Jan y Martinková Jaroslava. "The first genistin absorption screening into vacuoles of Trifolium pratense L." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 6 (31 de mayo de 2018): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/134/2018-pse.
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The determination of a transport mechanism for genistin (genistein-7-O-glucoside) across the tonoplast was performed on vacuoles from a cell culture of Trifolium pratense L. Genistin levels were examined in vacuoles as well as in an assay medium by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) after treatment with various substances. MgATP increased the uptake of added genistin by 25%, but the nucleotide-free samples also contained this glycoside. Applying bafilomycin A1, an H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase inhibitor, indistinctly inhibited genistin absorption. However, vacuolar absorption of genistin was significantly reduced by N,N´-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. This inhibitor can suppress both H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and H<sup>+</sup>-PPase; the effect of pyrophosphate alone was not investigated. An increase in genistein levels, as result of genistin hydrolysis, could also affect the transport mechanism. The results investigated with inhibitors suggest the possible involvement of proton pumps; however additional research is required to confirm the participation of multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) proteins in genistin transport.
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Dunaieva, Ielizaveta, Valentina Popovych, Aleksandr Melnichuk, Wilfried Mirschel, Vitaly Terleev, Aleksandr Nikonorov, Issa Togo, Yulia Volkova y Dmitry Shishov. "SWAT modeling of the soil properties in GIS-environment: initial calculations". MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926504014.
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The problem of soil parameters modeling and input data preparation are considered in the article. The use of Soil and Water Assessment Tool was analyzed. The question of the soil water content and basic soil agronomic characteristics was considered. The SWAT project was created for the period of 2014-2017 years and could be prolonged. A soil map and cartographic information were digitized for the analysis of soil characteristics. An assessment of soils moisture absorption in different key areas was made in the course of the research.
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Ya-Dong, Shao, Zhang De-Jian, Hu Xian-Chun, Wu Qiang-Sheng, Jiang Chang-Jun, Xia Ting-Jun, Gao Xiu-Bing y Kuča Kamil. "Mycorrhiza-induced changes in root growth and nutrient absorption of tea plants". Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 6 (31 de mayo de 2018): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/126/2018-pse.
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Tea plants grown in acidic soils are strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas it is not clear whether soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant growth, root development, and nutrient absorption in tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on plant growth, root morphology, root-hair growth, and leaf nutrient status in Camellia sinensis cv. Fuding Dabaicha in Jingzhou, China. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 15.12% to 40.23%. AMF inoculation heavily increased plant height, shoot and root biomass, and total leaf area, whilst the increased effect was ranked as C. etunicatum > D. spurca > mixed-AMF > D. versiformis in the decreasing order. Mycorrhizal inoculation also considerably increased total root length and volume, whereas obviously inhibited root-hair length and number, in company with an increment in root-hair diameter. Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn contents were significantly higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in non-AMF-inoculated plants, regardless of AMF species. It concludes that AMF inoculation had positive effects on plant growth performance, root morphology, and leaf nutrient levels in cv. Fuding Dabaicha seedlings, whilst C. etunicatum performed the best effects.
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Botero-Londoño, Julián Mauricio, Arnulfo Gómez-Carabali y Mónica Andrea Botero-Londoño. "Nutrient Absorption in Tithonia Diversifolia". Universitas Scientiarum 24, n.º 1 (13 de febrero de 2019): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144//javeriana.sc24-1.nait.
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Tithonia diversifolia is arobust shrub that has high ecological plasticity and adaptability, high capacity of nutrient absorption and high nutrient contents. These characteristics make Tithonia diversifolia be considered as a multi-purpose plant, such as for animal feed, soil decontamination and soil restorer. Likewise, it is a plant with high ecological plasticity and adaptability. The study of the nutrient absorption and the fertilization represent an important advance in the development of productive systems focused on maximizing forage productivity, which guarantees the soil sustainability. Based on this, a split plot design was conducted to study the effects of different levels of fertilization. The results showed an impact of the elements and levels of fertilization on the nutrient absorption capacity, finding that the elements that were incorporated in the fertilization increase the foliar contents and the nutrient absorption in the plant.
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Sobrinho, Jose F. y Francisca Edineide L. Barbosa. "Water Absorption by Hydrogel Using Fertilizers". Environment and Natural Resources Research 10, n.º 2 (5 de mayo de 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v10n2p26.
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It was sought, in this research, to evaluate the effects of fertilizer solutions on water retention by hydrogel as well as if the application methods and fertilizers affect water retention when the hydrogel is added to the soil. In laboratory works (experiment 1), the completely randomized design was used taking into account four treatments: distilled water; Urea (UR – 2.0 g L-1 ) and Magnesium Sulfate + Monoammonium Phosphate (MS + MAP – 2.0 g L-1 each). Regarding the experiment 2, considering soil columns, a 2x3x2 factorial was used, corresponding to two hydrogel application methods: dry and mixed to the soil or diluted in water and concentrated in the center of the column; three fertilizer solutions: distilled water, UR (2.0 g L-1 ) and MS + MAP (2.0 g L-1 each) with two cycles and three repetitions. An additional witness (hydrogel free) was also added. Total water volume absorbed by hydrogel, volume stored in the soil after each cycle, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of leached solutions were all analyzed. The MS solution was the one who impacted the most the water absorption by the hydrogel, principally when the hydrogel was not present in the soil. The pH and EC of leached solutions evidenced the fertilizer solutions salinity.
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Zhong, L., C. Hu, Q. Tan, J. Liu y X. Sun. "Effects of sulfur application on sulfur and arsenic absorption by rapeseed in arsenic-contaminated soil". Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 9 (30 de agosto de 2011): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/224/2011-pse.
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A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of arsenic (As) and sulfur (S) interaction on yield and their accumulation and distribution in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). The results showed that (1) at the same level of S treatment, application of As significantly decreased rapeseed grain and biomass yield; (2) Application of S significantly increased the grain and biomass yield of rapeseed when As was applied; (3) When As application rate increased, As content significantly increased in different parts of rapeseed, and reached their highest level at<br />120 mg/kg As. Arsenic content from seed were all below 1 mg/kg AS. Addition of S significantly reduced As contents in root and grain of rapeseed.
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Chandler, Neil, John Palson y Todd Burns. "Capillary rise experiment to assess effectiveness of an enzyme soil stabilizer". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 54, n.º 10 (octubre de 2017): 1509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0511.
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An experimental program to assess of the attributes of an enzyme soil stabilizer is described. The focus of the program was two 1 year capillary rise experiments designed to test the influence of the soil additive on the soil’s adsorption of water. The enzyme additive is typically applied to marginal clay-based soils to improve the performance of road subgrades. The study investigated the potential increase in shear strength and the reduction in swelling. The two long-term soil column tests were conducted to measure water absorption due to capillary rise for soil specimens with, and without, enzyme treatment. The test results demonstrated that the addition of the enzyme soil additive had the effect of reducing water retained in the pore spaces of a partially saturated soil. The soil treated with the enzyme additive absorbed a lower quantity of water in the capillary rise test, and at a slower rate of absorption. The results from a concurrent suite of tests suggested that partially saturated clay having lower moisture content was linked to an increase in shear strength.
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Efimov, Oleg, Vitaliy Savich, Vladimir Naumov, Vladimir Sedykh, Natalia Kamennykh y Anna Kolesnik. "Information and energy assessment of the creation of soils with specified properties". АгроЭкоИнфо 5, n.º 53 (24 de septiembre de 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202125506.
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The paper considers the information and energy assessment of soil fertility. It is shown that soil cultivation is accompanied by an increase in soil humus content, absorption capacity, content of biophilic elements, accumulation of energy in the soil, optimization of information relationships in the soil. Thus, the energy content in poorly and well cultivated sod-podzolic soils was 351.7 and 510.7 million kcal/ha, respectively. When cultivating soils, the content of mobile forms of biophilic elements in them increased, the relationship between soil properties and crop yield became more stable. It is shown that on more cultivated soils it is more profitable to grow crops that are more demanding of fertility, accumulating more energy on these soils than crops that are less demanding of fertility. The change of optimal soil properties for individual crops depending on the level of intensification of production is shown. Keywords: SOIL, FERTILITY, ENERGY STORAGE IN THE SOIL AND IN THE CROP YIELD
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Qin, Youwei, Tao Yang, Siyuan Wang, Fangling Hou, Pengfei Shi y Zhenya Li. "Study on Water Absorption–Dehydration Characteristics for SAP Composite Soil for Rainwater Harvesting". Water 12, n.º 9 (25 de agosto de 2020): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092380.
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As a water absorption material, superabsorbent polymer (SAP) has gained its popularity in agriculture and environmental remediations. This study conducted a comparative investigation on saturated water content of cinnamon soil mixed with SAP. Two SAPs, SAP1 and SAP2, with different behaviors were tested, where SAP1 is an organic superabsorbent polymer, and SAP2 is polyacrylic acid sodium salt polymer. The saturated water content of SAP composite cinnamon soil was investigated with the weighing method. The repeated water absorption capacity and dehydration behavior of SAP composite soil under different designed rainfall intensity were investigated with a soil column tester. The results showed that (1) cinnamon soil mixed with SAP increased the saturated soil water content, and SAP1 was more effective than SAP2; (2) SAP held strong water absorption ability and recycling efficiency with eight repeated absorption–dehydration tests; (3) the average dehydration time for SAP composite soil were 626 h and 1214 h under 5-year and 10-year design rainfall intensities.
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Zhang, Lianhe, Liu Sinan, Yu Feiyan, Fu Zihao, Yang Jinyong, Chen Menglin, Fu Yihan et al. "Key factors affect selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades: pH, temperature, light intensity and leaf position". Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 9 (14 de septiembre de 2020): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/337/2020-pse.
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Foliage-spraying selenite solution is an effective measure to enhance selenium (Se) concentration in wheat grains. However, how pH, temperature, light intensity, and leaf position affects selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades is not fully understood. In this study, the effects of pH, temperature, light intensity, and leaf position on selenite absorption in wheat leaf blades were investigated. The results indicated that the selenite absorption rate dramatically decreased with increasing pH. Further study revealed that aquaporin inhibitors such as HgCl<sub>2</sub> and AgNO<sub>3</sub> strongly inhibited selenite absorption at pH 3.0. Light and higher temperatures significantly promoted selenite absorption. Newly expanded leaf blades had higher rates of selenite absorption than younger and older leaf blades. Thus, higher rates of selenite absorption in leaf blades should attribute to the entrance of selenite into mesophyll cells via aquaporins in the form of H<sub>2</sub>SeO<sub>3</sub> at low pH values. Foliage-spraying selenite solution on upper leaf blades at lower pH values benefited to increase the selenite absorption rate in wheat leaf blades.
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Jahiruddin, M., N. T. Livesey y M. S. Cresser. "Observations on the effect of soil pH upon zinc absorption by soils". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 16, n.º 8 (agosto de 1985): 909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367653.
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Pinto-Santamaría, Gladys Cristina, Carlos Alberto Ríos- Reyes y Luz Yolanda Vargas- Fiallo. "Use of Ecuadorian natural and acid-surfactant modified zeolites for remediation of oil- contaminated soils". CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 9, n.º 1 (10 de mayo de 2019): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.155.
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Oil spills have been one of the greatest environmental problems worldwide. The contamination of soils due to oil spills generates an oil migration down the soil until reaching groundwater. The research focused on remediation of oil-contaminated soils by Ecuadorian natural and acid-surfactant modified zeolites of the Cayo Formation. The natural and modified zeolites were characterized by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray powder diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The natural and modified zeolites were added to an artificially oil-contaminated soil to immobilize and limit the uptake of contaminants by rape through changing soil physical and chemical properties in the pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. Several oil contaminated soil-zeolite mixes were tested in replicated laboratory analyses in terms of their ability to absorb oil. Results indicated that the addition of natural and modified zeolites could increase or decrease soil pH and absorption capacity, with high potential in removing oil from soil. Statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed by the variance test analysis. The absorption process had an efficiency of 46% under well-optimized experimental conditions, with an absorbent dose of 30-M, pH = 3.8 and 15 days of contact time.
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Kim, Taehyun, Jeman Lee, Ye-Eun Lee y Sangjun Im. "Exploring the Role of Ash on Pore Clogging and Hydraulic Properties of Ash-Covered Soils under Laboratory Experiments". Fire 5, n.º 4 (13 de julio de 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5040099.
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Fires can alter the hydraulic properties of burned soils through the consumption of organic matter on the ground surface. This study examined the effects of rainfall on the presence of soil pore clogging with varying ash layer thickness using laboratory rainfall simulator experiments. The image analysis with resin impregnation showed that rainfall impact caused plugging of soil pores at 22.2% with soil particles and 14.3% with ash particles on near surface soils (0–5 mm below). High rainfall intensities enhanced soil pore clogging by ash particles, particularly at shallow soil depths (0–10 mm). Ash deposits on the soil surface increased the water-absorbing capacity of ash-covered soils compared with that of bare soils. The rainfall simulation experiments also showed that ash cover led to a reduction in soil hydraulic conductivity, owing to the combined effects of surface crust formation and soil pore clogging. The complementary effects of soil pore clogging and water absorption by ash cover could hamper the accurate understanding of the soil hydrologic processes in burned soils.