Literatura académica sobre el tema "Social sciences -> religion -> special topics"

This article maps out the complexity of the phenomena and concepts space and place, with a special focus on religious studies and related disciplines. We start by identifying core elements in the so-called ‘spatial turn’ within the humanities and the social sciences, originating from developments in the field of geography. Next, we identify ontological and epistemological challenges related to space and place, and argue for constructive-critical realism as a point of departure in theory of science. Further, we advocate interdisciplinarity as a way to address such a topic, followed by a short analysis of the ‘spatial turn’ within the context of religion, theology and philosophy. Finally, we offer a presentation of the remaining articles of the volume.

Education is important for the development and progress of any society. Teacher and student, in this education process, are the two important poles. Teacher is a mature and students are immature personalities. Indian Classrooms are full of diversity. This diversity is in the context of IQ, achievement, caste, religion, backwardness, able and specially able learners etc. There ways of learning differs. For the overall development of students the school should provide student-friendly atmosphere in the context of educational, social and physical abilities. Cognitive and affective development of students occurs when it is based on social and emotional potential. Students with special needs are mainly not enrolled in a normal school. They are admitted to a special school that keeps them away from the society. In order to develop their personality quality education needs to be provided along with special care on school education and Methodology of teaching, so that they can get proper education and meet their needs appropriately. In this case study researcher study the school education of special children.

Cartoons are a special type of communication that allows for the subliminal delivery of messages while also producing humour without offending anyone. The drawings can express a reality that is both bitter and sweet without using words. A cartoon is made up of several components, signs, or symbols that have a certain meaning. To recognize that a semiotics analysis was done. Cartoons on current hot topics throughout the data collecting period were analyzed using Ferdinand de Saussure's model. Press cartoons may be created on any type of topic, including political and social ones. Cartoons can depict local, regional, national, or even international issues depending on where they are drawn. However, the majority of the cartoons in the three chosen newspapers—The Indian Express, The Hindu, and Times of India—were drawn on national concerns. The study also includes the frequency of cartoons published during the three months of data collection which simultaneously describes how much importance is given to cartoons by the particular Indian English newspaper under the study. The highest number of cartoons were published by the Times of India. Whereas, The Hindu newspaper has the lowest frequency of cartoons comparatively. The Indian Express newspaper has significant consistency in publishing cartoons. Overall, this study emphasizes how cartoons are portrayed differently on a common issue by each selected Indian English dailies and what the signs, symbols or elements used by cartoonists to convey the message., It also describes the frequency at which cartoons are published and what level of issues are focused on majorly by the cartoonists or newspapers

Research questions, concepts and theories developed in the social sciences to analyze and understand the social conditions of the contemporary world still reveal a Eurocentric bias. Non-western ways of thinking and knowing are mostly (de-)valued as “local” or “historical” forms of knowledge, emphasizing their only partial and limited relevance. This article engages in decolonialization as normative and intellectual project and pleads for decentering and pluralizing discourses and conceptualizations cross-culturally. The authors argue that interpreting the world, also in its special(ist) form of socio-philosophical (sociological) theoretization, must become a polyphonic encounter based on the co-presence and equal recognition of non-western (intellectual, knowledge) traditions and forms of argumentation. By taking up examples from research on the topics of ‘individualization’ and ‘translation’ they illustrate how scholars at the Max-Weber-Kolleg attempt to overcome Eurocentric perspectives. However, the authors also problematize the appropriation of decolonial rhetoric by right-wing groups (here: in India) in their pursuit of identity politics.

The clinical application of essential oils has been prospected in recent years from the results of experimental laboratory tests, including the verification of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory action. Brazil is one of the largest producers of essential oils and has in its megabiodiversity an alternative of institutional, social, environmental and economic development, considering the necessary and current perspective of strengthening the sustainability agenda. In Brazil, vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most frequent type of vulvovaginitis that affects women's health, and is caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This is an organism from the resident microbiota of some organs and that, in excess, causes an uncomfortable clinical picture, capable of drastically affecting the patient's daily life, which makes its effective treatment of utmost importance. As essential oils (EOs) from medicinal plants have shown potential efficacy and reduced side effects, their use as a possible herbal medicine for clinical purposes against candidiasis should be explored. The aim of this study was to elucidate scientific evidence on the use of EOs from plant species, with emphasis on Copaiba oil from Brazilian biodiversity, and its antimicrobial activity against Candida. It is expected to have subsidies regarding safety and efficacy for clinical trials in patients with vaginosis, since there are currently gaps in knowledge about these indicators. In this systematic review study, electronic searches of articles in the CAPES, Pubmed, SciELO and LILACS databases were carried out, using as inclusion criteria in vitro (anti-culture) and in vivo studies (clinical and/or pre-clinical trials) that addressed the use of EOs, their phytochemical constituents and comparative Azo Groups as fungistatic drugs, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of the EO, Cytotoxicity tests and effects of the EO against fungal infections in animals. EOs were found to be effective as a treatment, especially in strains resistant to the usual drugs, and no adverse reactions, toxicity or changes in formation were identified in in vitro tests performed on pregnant and non-pregnant mice. The copaiba oil (Copaifera sp), present in the rich biodiversity of the Brazilian flora, presents satisfactory antimicrobial action against C. albicans and with absence and/or low toxicity in certain conditions, being a relevant indicator for clinical tests. Other essential oils native to Brazil and/or originating from exotic useful plants present phytotherapeutic potentials. It is necessary and urgent the advance in learning and adopting digital technologies, especially in research involving epidemiological and/or clinical data, in order to substantiate the decision making in terms of public health policies. As perspectives of microbiological assays and clinical tests with essential oils, as in the case of this study, there are still gaps in the development of studies carried out, where the use of digital technology is certainly an increasingly urgent need due to the relevance of agility in research protocols, methodological procedures and analysis of their results. Universities, either through undergraduate or graduate courses, as in areas of knowledge such as biological and health sciences, either medicine, pharmacy or even information technology and engineering, such as biomedical engineering, among others, urgently need to strengthen the area of digital technology and innovation in the teaching-learning process and knowledge practices. The research funding agencies, whether public or private, need to give special attention to the technological era for research, laying a more dynamic foundation for decision making and the implementation of sectoral public policies.

The goal of science education is emphatically positioned on promoting science literacy. The rationale is learners should not only learn about scientific knowledge and processes but also on how to apply the knowledge when making decisions about heterogenous societal and personal issues. Previous research has indicated that by addressing socioscientific issues (SSIs) when teaching controversial science topics, it provides a suitable context for developing scientific literacy in learners. Scientifically literate learners are well-informed citizens with regards to the social, ethical, economic, and political issues impacting on contemporary society. The theory of evolution is one such Life Sciences topic deeply embedded with SSIs. Teachers are conflicted when teaching this topic due to the controversy surrounding the theory as they view the teaching of evolution as a way of negating the legitimacy of their religious and cultural convictions. It is against this background that the study sought to answer the research question: How do Life Sciences teachers conceptualise socioscientific issues embedded in the topic evolution? In an explanatory mixed method approach, a questionnaire with both quantitative and qualitative questions was administered to 28 randomly selected grade 12 Life Sciences teachers. Data was analysed and descriptive statistics were obtained, and themes generated. The findings showed that all the participants were knowledgeable about the SSIs embedded in the topic evolution. In justifying their conceptions 61% of the teachers perceived SSIs as important in improving learners’ reasoning and argumentative skills; developing learners’ critical thinking skills; and in informing learners in decision making. There were however 11% of the teachers who pointed out that SSIs as too sensitive to deal with hence not suitable to teach young learners. Though the teachers were knowledgeable about the SSIs embedded in the theory of evolution, it does not mean that they could address them when teaching the various concepts of evolution. The main source of the controversy rose from the evolution of humankind versus the Christian belief in the six-day special creation. The participants (25%) indicated that evolution challenges peoples’ religious and cultural convictions, which conflicts both the teachers and learners to question or go against their religious beliefs. Several teachers pointed out that some of the concepts on evolution such as ‘living organisms share common ancestry (18%) and ‘the formation of new species from existing species’ (11%), undermine the superiority of human beings over other organisms. The findings have implications for both pre-and in-service teacher professional development.

The crisis at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries affected different countries and different aspects of social life, which was inevitable both due to geographical proximity and cultural, economic, political and other intersections. Addressing the topic of the sociocultural crisis was characteristic of both Russian and Western European philosophers of the early 20th century. The author in the article refers to the understanding of its features and ways to overcome it in the context of the ideas of Russian religious philosophers. An integral feature of Russian philosophical thought in the context of assessing the ongoing social changes and the search for ways out of a crisis situation is an understanding of the special purpose of Russia and an awareness of its role in human history. The works of Russian philosophers are full of anxiety about the future of mankind, about the fate of Russia, a premonition of possible death, therefore it is no coincidence that the appeal to the theme of the Apocalypse, the impending catastrophe, the end of history is perceived as a real threat to the existence of mankind. With all the diversity of approaches to assessing the sociocultural crisis, Russian thinkers are united by common philosophical roots, religion, national and cultural traditions. In the context of understanding the crisis processes of the early twentieth century, Russian religious thinkers raise the question of the role and significance of a person in the transformation of life, thereby actualizing the moral and anthropological problems.