Tesis: "Social sciences -> psychology -> human sexuality"

1

Crooks, Sandra B. "The Sex Stereotype of a Job as a Moderator of Sex Bias in Performance Evaluations". TopSCHOLAR®, 1989. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1662.

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In accordance with the stereotype-fit model of discrimination (Dipboye, 1985), the results of past research indicate that the extent to which jobs are sex stereotyped dictates whether or not a main effect for rate sex is present in performance evaluations. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between the sex stereotype of the job and the presence of sex bias in evaluation. Two hundred and five undergraduate psychology students viewed one of eight videotapes of a confederate job applicant performing a work sample task and evaluated the observed performance. A 2 x 2 x 2 between subjects factorial design was used to test for the effects of the sex stereotype of the job, sex of rate, and level of rate performance on performance ratings. As performance was found. A significant three-way interaction was found, which implies that when rates perform a job that is stereotyped as sex role incongruent their performance is more likely to be noticed and closely evaluated than when they perform a job that is sex stereotyped as belonging to their sex. Sex bias was found only for the low performing woman on the female job, which indicates she was over-evaluated.

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2

Chilaka, Carol C. "Exploring Restorative Factors for Trafficked and Sexually Exploited Women". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5993.

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Abstract Many women who survived sex trafficking continue to suffer from severe and persistent psychological distress even after the traditional treatment and rehabilitation program. The lingering psychological symptoms that these survivors suffer make reintegration into their families and communities difficult. This phenomenological study identified the restorative factors that helped some women who were earlier engaged in sex trafficking to recover, readjust, and reintegrate into their families and communities. Six female survivors of human trafficking and six program directors/counselors at different rehabilitation centers were individually interviewed in in-depth with semi-structured questionnaires and audio recorded. I kept diary of my readings and observation of the participants during the interviews to maintain the rigor and established trustworthiness of the study. With NVivo 11 plus Software, the information were coded to identify the different patterns. The Manen's hermeneutic descriptive phenomenological interpretative approach was employed to sort out the emerging themes. The findings were grouped under the perspectives of survivors and program directors/counselors. Both survivors and program directors/counselors agreed that factors such as supports from family/friends, medical treatments, counseling, and individual characteristics promoted recovery. The theories of social support, self-efficacy, and resilience guided the understanding of the recovery process of the survivors. For positive social change, this study provides information that families, communities, and society can become more aware of the ways to improve survivors' support systems and build a sustainable community that cares and supports survivors for a successful integration into families and communities.

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3

Halfond, Raquel. "Body Image and Sexuality Among Latino Youth". VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/251.

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In the U.S., the Latino youth population is large and growing rapidly and many Latino youth are sexually active. These relatively high rates of sexual activity are concerning because Latino boys and girls, compared to other youth, have the lowest rate of contraceptive use and high rates of sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) and teen pregnancy. Thus, the need for greater attention to factors that influence Latino adolescent sexual health such as sexual risk behavior and attitudes is imperative. An understudied area with respect to Latino youth sexual behavior is the role that an adolescent’s perception of his/her body has on sexual risk attitudes and behaviors and the possible moderating role of cultural factors. To address this gap in the literature, this study obtained data from one hundred and fifty Latino adolescents who completed a survey that assessed sexual risk attitudes and intentions, body image, ethnic identity, and acculturation. Results indicated that both weight concerns and shape concerns were marginally positively associated with more positive attitudes towards condoms among females and with less positive attitudes towards condoms among males. Gender did not moderate relations when examining attitudes towards pregnancy and intentions as outcome variables. At lower levels of Anglo acculturation, negative body image was associated with less sexual risk attitudes among females whereas positive body image was associated with higher risk attitudes towards pregnancy among males. At low levels of Mexican Orientation, more positive attitudes towards condoms were associated with negative body image among males. Results indicated that none of the interactions of participant’s ethnic identity score with the three body image variables were significant in predicting sexual risk attitudes or intentions for either females or males. The findings shed light on the role of body image and cultural factors on sexual risk attitudes and intentions among Latino adolescents.

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4

Tepper, Karen Hoffman. "What are we teaching our kids? An analysis of school-based sexuality education content and state policy in relation to developmental needs of youth". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280213.

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A developmental-contextual approach to understanding sexuality education course content is used in this national study. Examining policy as a factor that may influence young people's environments and hence their development is an important role for developmental research. Using data from the CDC's School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2000 and the Alan Guttmacher Institute's State Policies in Brief Report (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 2001), three general topic areas are addressed. First, can school level be differentiated by the sexuality education topics taught at various school levels? Second, are there significant differences in state policies that regulate school-based sexuality education targeting different school levels? Third, how do state and classroom level variables contribute to variance in the likelihood of a given topic being taught as part of school health education? The two sources of data provide a nationally representative sample of 1,201 teachers and state level data from Department of Education administrators and policies from all 50 states. These data were analyzed using stepwise discriminant analysis and Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). This study resulted in three primary findings. First, both state policies and classroom content were significantly different by school level. Second, state policy was not a good predictor of the course content being taught in the classroom. Third, teachers' desires for additional training significantly predicted the sexuality education course content taught in schools. Implications for both research and practice were discussed.

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5

Lennon, Erica S. "Broadening the concept of the sexual double standard: Assessing heterosexual attitudes and evaluations of gay men and lesbians' sexuality". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1385994190.

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6

Price-Tebbutt, Nicola Vernier. "Re-imagining the theology of human sexuality in the Methodist Church : the use of narrative in theological methodology". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7801/.

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This thesis proposes the development of a narrative methodology in the British Methodist Church. Such a methodology embraces and communicates both felt experience and critical theological thinking, thus producing and presenting a theology that might have a constructive transformative impact on wider society. In chapter one I explore the ways in which the Church speaks in public, identify some of the challenges it faces, and consider four models of engagement. If the Church is to engage in public discourses then I argue that its words need to be relevant and connect with people’s experiences. To ground the thinking I focus on the context of the British Methodist Church and explore how the Church engages in theological reflection through the lens of its thinking on issues of human sexuality. Chapter two reviews how theological reflection is undertaken in the British Methodist Church. I describe how the Methodist Quadrilateral of Scripture, tradition, reason and experience remains a foundational framework for theological reflection within the Methodist Church and consider the impact of institutional processes and the ways in which the Methodist people actually engage with theological thinking. The third and fourth chapters focus on how the British Methodist Church has produced its theology of human sexuality, giving particular attention to the use of personal and sexual stories in this process. I find that whilst there has been a desire to listen to the stories of the Methodist people, there has not been a corresponding interrogation or analysis of their stories so as to enable robust and constructive theological reflection on these experiences. Using resources from Foucauldian approaches to discourse analysis, I critique key statements and the processes involved in their production, offering an analysis of this body of theological thinking and indicating where possibilities for alternative ways of thinking and acting arise. The proposed methodology draws upon resources from social science methodologies, and in chapter five I look at the use of personal experience and relevant strategies of inquiry that prompt reflection on the hermeneutical process and employ narrative approaches in undertaking, analysing and presenting research. The exploration shows that qualitative research methodologies offer resources and methods of inquiry that could help the Church to engage with personal stories in its theological thinking in a robust, interrogative and imaginative way. In chapter six an examination of story and narrative is undertaken, to show how they have been understood as ways of knowing and how they relate to theological inquiry. Whilst acknowledging some of the limitations of narrative, I indicate how it offers constructive possibilities for theological reflection and could be a means for the British Methodist Church to engage in public discourse. This is explored further in chapter seven, which looks in more detail at how the British Methodist Church has used narrative in its theological thinking, and outlines areas requiring further attention in order for a narrative theological methodology to be developed, namely: attention to the question ‘whose experience?’; investigation of issues of power and the dynamics involved in the process of the production of theological thought; how personal stories and experiences are interrogated and how narrative is constructed; and how narrative might be employed within the Methodist Quadrilateral. The final chapter considers the advantages and limitations of such an approach, whether the development of such a method is possible in the Methodist Church today and its potential for helping the Church to engage in public discourse more effectively. I argue that this methodology can provoke new theological insights and enable new ways of being in the world.

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7

Seed, Anne Elizabeth. "The effect of communication competence, biological sex, and situation on compliance-gaining strategy choice". Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2263.

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This study investigated the effect of communication competence, biological sex, and situation on compliance-gaining strategy choice. Two hypotheses and five research questions were addressed in this study. Specifically, hypothesis one predicted a positive correlation between communication competence and the likelihood of use ratings of pro-social compliance-gaining strategies. Hypothesis two predicted a negative correlation between communication competence and the likelihood of use ratings of anti-social compliance-gaining strategies. Four research questions examined differences in the likelihood of use ratings of pro- and anti-social compliance-gaining strategies according to situation (interpersonal and non-interpersonal) for male and females subjects. The last research question looked at differences in levels of communication competence for male and female subjects. Total sample size was 160, including 120 students from an introductory interpersonal communication course and 40 students from the adult, re-entry college. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the two hypotheses as it allowed for the comparison of the strength and direction of the relationship between variables. All research questions involved the comparison of mean scores and utilized a one way analysis of variance. Results showed no correlations between communication competence and the likelihood of use ratings of pro- and anti-social compliance-gaining strategies as was predicted in the two hypotheses. The data for research questions one and two showed no significant differences in the likelihood of use ratings of pro-social compliance-gaining strategies for male and female subjects regardless of situation. However, significant differences were found in the likelihood of use ratings of anti-social compliance-gaining strategies for male and female subjects. Specifically, males exhibited a greater likelihood of use ratings of anti-social compliance-gaining strategies regardless of situation. Finally, female subjects demonstrated higher levels of communication competence than males. Some of the differences which were found between male and female subjects may be a result of a pervasive socialization process, which in essence perpetuates stereotypical roles for both men and women. Because of this socialization process, men may, indeed, be less likely to distinguish the nuances between interpersonal and non-interpersonal situations. It is suggested that future research focus on similarities between males and females as opposed to differences.

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8

Almario, Maria C. "THE INCLUSIVE HUMAN TRAFFICKING CHECKLIST: A DIALECTICAL METHODOLOGY OF MEASUREMENT". UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edp_etds/34.

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The identification of victims of human trafficking and consequential service provision is characterized by a significant disconnection between the estimated prevalence of this issue and the number of cases identified. The current dissertation introduces the Inclusive Human Trafficking Checklist (IHTC) as a screening measure, evaluates the appropriateness of the instrument, evaluates whether there are differences in assessment based on the participant’s profession, level of knowledge, and training, and assesses if users of the instrument perceive it as useful. A total of 201 participants were asked to rate three vignettes predetermined by experts to qualify as a either human trafficking case or not. The participants were placed in three conditions: business as usual (use of the Rescue and Restore instrument), utilization of the IHTC with and without training. The results revealed a statistically significant level of agreement between the expert’s diagnostic and the application of the IHTC. While there was an improvement in identification in the group with training, the difference was found to have a small effect size. The results also revealed an improvement on identification of cases when utilizing the IHTC. Participants who utilized the IHTC showed an increased ability to identify elements of identity-based vulnerabilities as well as elements of fraud, which according to the results, are distinctive variables in cases of human trafficking. In terms of the perceived utility, the results revealed higher mean scores for the groups utilizing the IHTC when compared to the business as usual condition. These findings suggest that the IHTC improves appropriate identification of cases and that it is perceived as a useful instrument. The application of the IHTC as a counseling and legal instrumentation utilized for conceptualization and intervention of human trafficking cases is discussed as an opportunity for enhancement of victim well-being, engagement and activism.

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9

Szabowski, Lara. "Seduction at the Boundary of Horror : The limits of bodily autonomy in sexuality". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-40300.

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The thesis discusses the topic of bodily autonomy as a Human Rights related matter in connection to sexuality, specifically BDSM. In the realm of BDSM concerns regarding bodily autonomy, bodily integrity, perversion, physical and mental health can be found. Therefore the space of BDSM is analyzed in regards to aspects, such as medico-judicial institutions, social and personal perception factor in on the space of bodily autonomy and its transgression, with the aim of getting a deeper understanding of the concept of bodily autonomy. Three different countries, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Denmark are being analyzed and compared in a content analysis. Foucault’s theory of power, self-disciplining, transgression as well as Bataille's theory of transgression and eroticism are made use of. This shows how and which topics relate to bodily autonomy and each other and how bodily autonomy and its use changes depending on the factors relation to each other and their prioritization.

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10

Grensman, Hanna-Karin. "Sexualitet, snusk och samvaro : En explorativ diskursanalys av sexualitet i samtiden". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1326.

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Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka sexualitetens diskurs i det samtida. Uppsatsen tar sin ansats i socialkonstruktionismen och dess syn på sexualiteten. Här presenterades tidigare forskning, sexualitetens historia berördes och även olika typer av socialpsykologiska perspektiv på sexualiteten redovisades. Vidare var det epistemologiska angreppssättet hermeneutiskt och metoden kvalitativ. Den undersökning som genomfördes, diskursanalys, tog även den sin utgångspunkt ur ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv. Två böcker utvaldes utifrån kriterierna nämligen, Louise Boije af Gennäs bok Stjärnor utan svindel och Kerstin Thorvalls Jag minns alla mina älskare och hur de brukade ta på mig. Ett konkret plan för utförande av diskursanalys konstruerades och utifrån detta konstruerades två övergripande diskurser med avseende på det sexuella; homo romantica och homo erotica. Homo erotica diskursen syftar till hur själva sexualiteten konstrueras medan homo romantica snarare handlar om hur samhället organiseras utifrån heterosexuella relationer. Både diskurserna bygger på heterosexualiteten som norm. Dessa diskurser bildar tillsammans den samtida sexualitetens diskurs.

The purpose of the following paper is to exam the discourse of sexuality in the contemporary. The thesis takes its incipience in social constructionism and its view of sexuality. Earlier scientific research is presented; the history of sexuality is touched, and different kinds of social psychological perspectives on sexuality as well. Further more, the epistemological point of attack is hermeneutic and the method qualitative. The research project that was executed, discourse analysis, took its starting-point in the social constructionism perspective. Two books were chosen from the criteria, namely Louise Boije af Gennäs’ Stjärnor utan svindel och Kerstin Thorwalls’ Jag minns alla mina älskare och hur de brukade ta på mig. A concrete plan of execution of the discourse analysis was constructed and two discourses of sexuality were constructed from this: homo erotica and homo romantica. The discourse of homo erotica allude how sexuality in itself is constructed while homo romantica is rather about organization of society on the basis of heterosexual relationships. Both discourses are founded upon heterosexuality as norm. These discourses together constitute the contemporary sexuality.

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11

Anosky, Alana Marie. "Text and graphics in instructional design". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28580.

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12

Trueblood, Karen J. "Development and validation of a measure of sexual attitudes". Scholarly Commons, 1998. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2333.

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This study developed and validated the Trueblood Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire, created to measure attitudes about one's personal sexual behavior and attitudes about the sexual behavior of others. Scores from 414 college level participants were used to determine the internal consistency of the Trueblood Sexual Attitudes Questionnaire. Participants were recruited from one university and two community colleges in California. Coefficient alpha was computed on the two scales, (a) attitudes towards one's personal sexual behavior and (b) attitudes towards the sexual behavior of others, and yielded results of .93 and .96. Factor analysis showed that the items did not cluster together in five groups as expected. A 2 x 2 split plot factorial ANOVA with sex as the between subjects variable and self/other as the within subjects variable was calculated for the total scores and significant differences were found. Five 2 x 2 ANOVA's with sex as the between subjects variable and self/other as the within subjects variable were calculated for each subscale score and significant differences were found. This questionnaire has good psychometric properties, and can be used in additional research and academic settings to determine the amount of attitude change occurring in the classroom. It may help to determine the effectiveness of sexuality education in changing attitudes, and to compare different methods of sexuality education.

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13

Akibar, Alvin. "Sexual Identity and Social Anxiety in Emerging Adulthood". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984158/.

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Elevated social anxiety (SA) is linked to issues with emotional distress, substance use, and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Notwithstanding concerns of how sexuality has been defined in the extant literature, emerging evidence suggests that the prevalence of SA and related challenges may be disproportionately present among sexual minorities, including lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs). This trend may be especially relevant within the developmental context of emerging adulthood, an important period for development of sexual identity, and a time when individuals are already predisposed to heightened feelings of SA. The present study examined the relationship between sexual orientation (measured using sexual identity, sexual attraction, and past romantic and sexual behavior) and social anxiety (related to social interaction and social performance) among emerging adults. minority sexual identities [Welch's F(5,48.08) = 5.56, p = .002, ηp2 = .02.], same-sex attraction [Welch's F(4,108.06) = 11.27, p < .001, ηp2 = .04], and same-sex romantic [Welch's F(5,85.91) = 6.88, p < .001, ηp2 = .03] and sexual experiences[F(5,61.95) = 8.88, p < .001, ηp2 = .04], particularly among those who indicated attraction to multiple sexes. Findings support research that indicates that sexual minority adults experience higher levels of SA than majority (i.e., heterosexual, opposite-sex oriented) adults, and that assessment of sexuality may reflect number of sexual minorities identified. Future directions including intersections of race/ethnicity and gender are discussed.

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14

Grange, Christina M. "Familial and Self Systems as Contributors to Sexual Decision-making Patterns of Young African American Women". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/880.

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This study utilized a is a two-phase mixed methods design to examine partner-based expectations and perceptions of factors that affecting condom use among African American women recruited at a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic. Phase One utilized qualitative methods to analyze interviews from 25 unmarried, African American women between ages 18--26. Interviews explored the following two research questions: (1) How do young adult African American women conceptualize relationships as illustrated by their expectations of their partner and their expectations of themselves in the relationship? (2) What messages do women recall receiving from their family members about sexual opportunities, intercourse, consequences of sex, love, marriage and premarital sex? Data analysis revealed partner-based expectations that included expectations of trust/honesty, respect from partners, stability of partner's behaviors, interest in women's well-being, partner's ability to be self-reliant, and specific behavioral expectations (e.g., communication, family commitment). Some expectations linked to women's ideas about their sexual health. Women's self-expectations included being emotionally supportive, committed, honest, domestic and independent. Familial messages focused on what to expect from partners, who women should be in relationships, messages stressing respect for and from others, messages emphasizing how to prevent negative outcomes of sex and messages warning about consequences of sexual engagement. Findings related to women's HIV/AIDS prevention behavior included responsibility for their own sexual safety, commitment to assessing partner's history, incorrect education regarding sexual safety, and relationship factors affecting condom use. Findings from interviews were used to develop items for the Relationship Expectation Measure (REM), which tested and used as a mediator for Phase Two Hypotheses. Phase Two of the research tested for the association between family process factors, communication and closeness, relationship expectations and sexual health outcomes. Hierchical Linear regression models were used to test associated hypotheses. Findings did not support the association between family process variables, relationship expectations and sexual health outcomes. Findings from this study illuminate the need for further understanding the degree to which different aspects of expectations and familial processes affect women's history of sexual behavior and partner-based expectations. Inconsistencies between what women expect and accept from partners are also discussed.

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15

Grensman, Hanna-Karin. "Kroppar och sexualitet i staden : En socialpsykologisk skildring av den rumsliga kontextens betydelse för sexualitetens konstruktion". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1325.

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Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka den rumsliga konstruktionens betydelse för sexualiteten diskurs i det samtida. Uppsatsen står på en trefaldig grund. Ontologiskt i socialkonstruktionismen och dess syn på sexualiteten som konstruerad, epistemologiskt i den kritiska hermeneutiken dvs. syftet är att förklara och förstå och slutligen så vilar den på Foucault och hans syn på sexualiteten och diskurs. I nästföljande avsnitt dekonstrueras och presenteras det konstruerade samhället utifrån begrepp som kön, sexualitet, rum och kropp. Från denna abstrakta bild blir texten mer konkret när olika miljöer i staden introduceras. Dessa miljöer (både abstrakta och konkreta) relaterades sedan till varandra. Utifrån detta undersöks den konkreta konstruktionen av sexualitet. Detta avsnitt visar bland annat hur miljöer tenderar att konstrueras heterosexuella vilket förklarar heterosexualitetens position som en tvingande norm det sociala livet. Sålunda dras slutsatsen att den rumliga konstruktionen, jämte andra faktorer, är synnerligen relevant i konstruktionen av sexualitet.

The purpose of the following paper is to exam the construction of space and its signification for sexuality in the contemporary. The thesis stands on threefold ground. Ontologically from a social constructions perspective and its view of sexuality, epistemology in the critical hermeneutics, meaning that its purpose is to explain and understand, and finally it takes its incipience in Foucault and his view of sexuality and discourse. In the following chapter the constructed society is deconstructed and presented on the basis of concepts as gender, sexuality, room and body. From this abstract image the text becomes more concrete introducing the different areas of the city. These areas (both abstract and concrete) are then related to each other. From this, the concrete construction of sexuality was examined. This chapter showed, amongst other thing, how places normally are constructed heterosexuality, whish explains the position as a forcing norm whish heterosexuality upholds. Thus the conclusion is drawn that the spatial construction, amongst other factors, are extremely relevant in the construction of sexuality.

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16

Edholm, Peter. "Artificial Human Intelligence Resources : Speech recognition i anställningsintervjuer". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Pedagogiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-182689.

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Syftet med denna studie var att med en kvalitativ ansats undersöka hur rekryterare ställde sig till implementeringen av AI-baserad speech recognition i anställningsintervjuer, hur de trodde att denna teknik kommer att påverka HRM, vilka fördelar de anser hade kunnat uppnås samt vilka etiska principer som borde beaktas vid införandet av denna teknik. Undersökningen gjordes genom att tematiskt analysera de intervjuer som hölls. Resultatet visar på att rekryterarna var ambivalenta till denna teknik. Rekryterarna uttryckte både farhågor och förhoppningar med ett eventuellt införande i deras organisation och i rekryteringsbranschen. En slutsats som kunde dras utifrån denna studie var att det fanns en föreställning hos rekryterare om att målet med denna teknik var att ge Speech recognition agenter beslutsmandat och ersätta mänskliga rekryterare.

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17

Gabbard, Linda. "Development of a Weighted Application Blank for the Carryout Clerk Classification in a Large Retail Organization". TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2376.

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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Weighted Application Blank to predict turnover for use as a selection tool for a large retail organization. Utilizing the England (1971) procedure, it was hypothesized that significant derivation and cross-validities would be obtained. The hypothesis was partially supported: the derivation validity coefficient was significant (r = .28, p < .01) and the resulting cross-validity coefficient was net significant (r = 19, p < .05). The results and recommendations for implementation of the WAB are discussed.

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18

Tang, Yabin. "DEFINING INFIDELITY AND IDENTIFYING OFFENDING SPOUSES". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/71.

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Research on infidelity has suffered from inconsistency in how infidelity has been operationalized across studies. This study was designed to advance methodological considerations for defining infidelity and identifying offending spouses. A subjective definition of infidelity was obtained from each respondent via both closed- and open-ended items. The open-ended responses were applied to explore the definition of infidelity. Additionally, an indirect questioning method was adopted to identify offending spouses according to their own subjective definitions of cheating and test the effectiveness of this approach relative to direct questioning for identifying offending spouses. Furthermore, gender differences in acknowledging infidelity through both direct and indirect approaches in general as well as across the four self-defined categorical infidelity were examined. A community sample of 465 married or divorced individuals anonymously completed the survey via MTurk. Results showed two defining characteristics of infidelity that cut across modes of infidelity (sexual, emotional, computer-mediated, and solitary) were that infidelity occurs outside the relationship and without consent. The definition of infidelity of infidelity provided in response to an open-ended inquiry tended to be shorter among offending spouses—especially male offending spouses—than among non-offending spouses. More offending spouses were found via the indirect (42.9%) approach than the direct approach (12.7%), and more men than women acknowledged engaging in infidelity behaviors according to both the direct (16.6% vs. 9.1%) and indirect (48.2% vs. 38.0%) approaches. That said, gender-based statistical differences in propensity to commit self-defined infidelity were only found in sexual and computer-mediated forms of infidelity; propensity to commit self-defined emotional and solitary infidelity did not statistically differ between men and women; in all cases, however, gender differences were small. Results suggested that the indirect approach is better than direct questioning for identifying infidelity behaviors; the indirect approach elicited less social desirability bias. Implications for research and clinical practice are provided.

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19

Rósa, Blanka. "Cosmopolitan Soft Skills : Capturing the Toolkit Fostering Human Flourishing by an Intersecting of Theory and Empirical Data". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170331.

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While globalisation is a multidimensional phenomenon, present educational foci tend to lie not on preparing students for a complex, globalised 21stcentury, but on preparing students for a 21st-century economic globalisation. In order to advocate a change of consciousness, this present study examines the concept of human flourishing and the skills – referred to as cosmopolitan soft skills – fostering the phenomenon. Taking a critical realist approach, a theoretical and an empirical investigation was carried out. The theoretical analysis undertaken by the study identified flourishing to be a three-dimensional concept and established that flourishing cannot be fully realised unless an individual is flourishing both from a positive-psychological, a moral-political, and a moral-ethical perspective. The empirical, comparative analysis of school policy documents and interviews with school principals, on the other hand, eventuated a comprehensive list of skills and competences that contemporary educational institutions aim at equipping their students with for the sake of flourishing. By an interplay between theory and empirical data, the study resulted in a possible conceptualisation of cosmopolitan soft skills, consisting of the four core skills of attention, acceptance, respect, and responsibility, and 78 other skills organised into four main categories. Provided the critical realist stance taken, the results are believed to be of a flexible and ever-changing but universal nature that facilitate future research into the educability of the cosmopolitan soft skills concept and the empirical realisation of human flourishing.

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20

Rozsa, Eva. "A Girl Disciplined is A Girl Saved? Child Marriage Discourses in U.S. National, Foreign, and Immigration Policy". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21625.

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Child marriage, usually regarded as an issue pertaining to the non-‘developed’ parts of the world, can still be found in the United States (US), though efforts to combat it shape foreign policy goals. Is child marriage represented as a ‘problem’ in the same way internally as externally, and how do human rights play a role? Using Bacchi’s “What’s the Problem Represented to be?” approach, the problem representations emerge, showing that child marriage functions as a ‘solution’ to welfare ‘problems’ in national policy, as an obstacle to economic prosperity in foreign policy; and as a ‘foreign’ culture ‘problem’ in immigration policy. Postcolonial feminist theory’s “Third World Girl” allows for a deeper understanding of some of the subjectivities these representations entail, and the biopolitical nature of the assumptions which underlie these problem representations are explored through Foucault’s theoretical work on sexuality and production.

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21

Dahmer, Barton Lee. "Weighted Application Blanks: An Empirical Approach for the Selection of Delivery Personnel Psychology". TopSCHOLAR®, 1985. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2082.

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The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a biographically weighted application blank for use in selecting delivery personnel. The England (1971) procedure for weighting biographical information was utilized. The criterion was a ratio of planned work time to actual work time. It was hypothesized that (a) significant derivation and cross-validities would be obtained, and (b) significant practical benefits in terms of correct placement of workers in the high and low criterion groups would result. The first hypothesis was partially supported in that a significant derivation validity was obtained (r = -.56, P < .05). However, the cross-validity (r = -.12) was not significant. Thus, the second hypothesis was not supported. A discussion of the results and recommendations for the implementation of the weighted application blank are provided.

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22

Burrow, Shawna. "An Overview of Suicide and the Impact of Interacting Factors on Current Suicide Trends". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/437.

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Approximately 44,965 people committed suicide in 2016 in the United States, and the rate has been rising for a decade and a half. Suicide has far-reaching consequences which affect not only the victim, but those close to the person as well. For every suicide, an estimated six people are futher traumatized, bringing the current loss survivor estimate to over 5 million. Additionally, suicide costs tax payers about 70 billion dollars annually. Despite outranking homicide as a leading cause of death, the long-standing stigma associated with suicide creates a barrier for open and effective communication about the issue. This paper investigates the changing attitudes about suicide across time, the impact of the interacting factors of gender, age, sexuality, and depression, current suicide myths, the trend of suicide by cop, and discusses future needs for research and effective intervention and prevention.

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23

Southerland, E. Marie. "A Study of the Effects of Pet Ownership on Mental Health among Community-Dwelling Senior Citizens in Northeast Tennessee". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2046.

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This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between pet ownership, attachment, and psychological health among community-dwelling senior citizens and evaluated the impact of the placement of an aquarium into a regional senior center. General health, depression, social support, pet attitudes, pet attachment, pet relationships, and attitudes about the aquarium were assessed among 104 members of a senior center. Symptoms of depression were identified in 17.3% of the participants. Pets were a significant form of social support and attachment to pet owners. No significant relationship was observed between pet ownership, pet attachment, and psychological health. Positive health effects were reported among participants who observed the fish aquarium. While the relationship between pet ownership, human-animal interactions, and psychological well-being remains unclear, it appears that older adults can benefit from animal-assisted activities and therapy programs. Animal-assisted activities and therapy programs may be useful adjunctive therapies for depression in community-dwelling senior citizens.

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24

Francisco, Monica T. "Evaluation of absolute and relative reinforcer value using progressive ratio schedules". Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/672.

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We evaluated behavior exhibited by individuals with developmental disabilities using progressive ratio schedules. High- and low-preferred stimuli were determined based on the results of a paired-stimulus preference assessment and were evaluated in subsequent reinforcer and progressive ratio assessments using concurrent- and single-operant schedules of presentation in a modified reversal design. Results showed that for two participants, stimuli determined to be low-preferred via a preference assessment functioned as reinforcers when evaluated independently of high-preferred stimuli and under gradually increasing response requirements. The results suggest that for cases in which a high-preferred stimulus is unavailable or unfeasible, the contingent delivery of relatively less-preferred stimuli may maintain appropriate behavior, even as response effort is increased. In addition, results of the progressive ratio evaluation are suggestive of stimulus value.

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25

Foote, Barbaradee. "Predictors of Gambling-Related Problems in Adult Internet Gamblers". Thesis, Walden University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841287.

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The use of the Internet to gamble has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Although researchers have suggested that adult Internet gamblers are at high risk for developing a gambling disorder, few studies, overall, have been conducted on the effects of Internet gambling. Furthermore, conflicting research exists regarding what moderates gambling-related problems. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if age, gender, and emotions prior to the gambling experience are related predictors of Internet problem gambling severity. A retrospective design was used. The pathways model was used to support the belief that emotions felt before an Internet gambling session are associated with the severity of the gambling problem. Data were obtained from adult Internet gamblers who had Internet gambled in the preceding week. One hundred and fifty participants completed an online survey about the emotions they felt before an Internet-gambling session and self-reported the negative consequences of their gambling. The survey contained demographic questions, questions from the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (to assess emotions felt before participants’ last Internet gambling session), and questions from the Problem Gambling Severity Index. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis were significant, indicating that, as a group, participants’ age, gender, and emotions felt prior to the gambling experience predicted their problem gambling severity. This study can assist with prevention, early intervention, and treatment of adult Internet gamblers.

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26

Bean, Mathew. "Understanding fathers' roles : an evidence-based practice guide for family therapists". Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/314.

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27

Liebau, Cornelia. "Ett brev och många frågor. En kvalitativ studie med receptionsteoretisk analys av kvinnors upplevelser vid mottagandet av HPV-positivt skriftligt resultat från screeningen för livmoderhalscancer". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26958.

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Denna studie undersökte kvinnors upplevelser när de fick ett HPV-positivt screeningresultat brevledes. Den svenska screeningen för förebyggande av livmoderhalscancer meddelar resultatet i ett kort, standardiserat brev. Efter att ha inkluderat humant papillomvirus (HPV) i analysen år 2014 verkade kvinnor bli mer oroliga för resultatet som kunde meddela en sexuellt överförd infektion (STI).En intervjustudie genomfördes med åtta kvinnor och empiriska data analyserades med receptionsteori. Resultaten visade vilka känslor kvinnor kämpade med, om de upplevde en negativ inverkan på deras sexualitet och om de var nöjda med ett brev som kommunikationssätt.Okunnighet om HPV och rädsla för cancer var centrala resultat. Kvinnor beskrev till och med en förändring i attityd till andra sexuella praktiker än vaginalt samlag. Resultatbrevet ansågs vara för kort och inte så informativt som nödvändigt. Detta fick samtliga kvinnor att söka efter mer information främst på internet för att hitta svar på deras frågor.Sammanfattningsvis finns det ett behov av grundlig och strukturerad information relaterad till HPV och påverkan på livmoderhalsen. Personal inom hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet bör vara lyhörda för kvinnors oro över deras screeningresultat.
This study explores women´s experiences when receiving their HPV-positive pap smear result as a letter. The Swedish screening programme for the prevention of cervical cancer notifies of the result in a short, standardised letter. After including human papilloma virus (HPV) in the analysis in 2014 women appeared to become more worried about the result showing a sexually transmitted infection (STI). An interview study was performed with eight women and the empirical data was analysed with reception theory. The study-results show which feelings women struggled with, whether they experienced a negative impact on their sexuality, and whether they were content with a letter as communication method for their results. Ignorance of HPV and fear of cancer were central findings. Women even described a change in attitude towards sexual practices other than vaginal intercourse. The result letter was considered to be too short and not as informative as needed. This caused all the women to look for more information foremost on the internet in order to find answers to their questions.In conclusion there is a need for thorough and structured information related to HPV and impact on the cervix. Healthcare system personnel should have a sensitive ear for women´s concerns about their pap smear results.

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28

Newson, Martha. "United in defeat : the causes and consequences of identity fusion in football fans". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3d9d42a5-2144-4b85-bb1b-cbbfd30c347d.

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What motivates extreme pro-group action, such as heroism and self-sacrifice on the battlefield? Despite much scholarly attention in recent years, the question is yet to be fully explained. Recent research suggests that shared dysphoric experiences are one way of generating identity fusion, a visceral sense of 'oneness' between individual and group that has been shown to motivate willingness to fight and die for the group. Using two special populations - British and Brazilian football fans - this thesis investigates the causes and consequences of fusion. Football fan cultures are diverse, globally popular, and ripe for examining intergroup conflict. This thesis focuses on two related components of the 'shared dysphoria pathway' to fusion: emotional arousal (e.g. watching one's team suffer a particularly bitter defeat) and the sense of 'self-transformativeness' that ensues from intense, shared experiences. Across four studies, it is shown that for some individuals, sharing the agony of defeat can be emotionally and physiologically arousing to such a degree so as to transform their sense of personal identity. In turn, this leads to a more porous boundary between group and individual identities, i.e. individuals become 'fused' with their groups. Fused people are documented as engaging in some of the most extreme and potentially dangerous social behaviours we know. Two related consequences of fusion are examined: extreme pro-group action and outgroup hostility. Football hooliganism is a persistent, global problem, which is addressed in a fifth study. This thesis refutes past work suggesting that hooligans are social misfits, instead contending that hooligans are especially fused to their group and motivated to defend their 'brothers-in-arms', which results in outgroup violence. These findings suggest that a more thorough understanding of the causes and consequences of fusion could conceivably impact a great many areas, perhaps most importantly conflict resolution and policies relating to intergroup conflict.

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29

Juge, George Emory. "Left out: Exclusionary gender discourses in Swedish high school psychology textbooks". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33634.

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Syftet med examensarbetet är att identifiera diskursiva representationer av genus i tre olika läromedel som används i kursen psykologi 1 på gymnasienivå i Sverige. Metod och teori kommer primärt från diskursanalytiska traditioner och har även influerats av vissa feministiska teorier. Ur en systematisk läsning och kodning av text och bilder som finns i materialen visade sig tre teman: pronomen, normer och skillnad/avvikelse. Uppsatsen är en del av ett lärarprogram på avancerad nivå och analysens syfte var att hjälpa mig själv och andra lärare i psykologi, min specialisering, att utveckla normkritisk pedagogik och didaktik för att bidra till en bättre förståelse för utsatta människor hos våra elever. Resultatet var att de två psykologi kursböckerna Psykologi 1+2a (Levander och Levander, 2012) och Mänskligt (Bernerson och Cronlund, 2017) har adresserat normer inklusive normer kring genus och sexuell läggning, men har även cementerat normativa diskurser i dessa områden. Mänskligt har lyckats något bättre i att lyfta och applicera normkritik. Det tredje materialet Bryt! är inte en psykologi kursbok utan en handbok i normkritik som mestadels består av gruppövningar med syftet att främja förståelse för normer och deras konsekvenser. Min rekommendation är att använda Bryt! som komplement till en eller både av de analyserade kursböckerna i klassrummet för att erbjuda våra elever en djupare förståelse för hur normer, i synerhet cis/heteronormen, negativt påverkar psykisk hälsa hos utsatta populationer såsom HBTQIA+ personer.
The aim of this thesis is to identify discursive representations of gender in three different learning materials used in an introductory course to psychology on the high school level in Sweden. Methodology and theory come primarily from discourse analytical traditions and have also been informed by certain feminist theories. A systematic reading and coding of the text and images present in the materials led to the emergence of three themes: pronouns, norms, and difference. The thesis is a part of a degree in pedagogy, and the intended result of the analysis was to aid myself and other teachers of psychology, my specialization, in the development of norm critical pedagogy and didactics which foster a better understanding of marginalized people in our students. The findings were that the two psychology textbooks, Psychology 1 + 2a (Levander and Levander, 2012) and Mänskligt (“Human”) (Bernerson and Cronlund, 2017), have each addressed norms, including norms surrounding gender and sexual orientation, but have also acted to reify normative discourses in these areas. Mänskligt has done a somewhat better job of lifting and applying norm critique. The third material, Bryt! (“Break the Norm!”), is not a psychology textbook but a workbook in norm critique mostly consisting of exercises to be carried out in groups with the intention of facilitating understanding of norms and their consequences. My recommendation is to employ Bryt! as a supplement to the use of one or both of the analyzed textbooks in the classroom in order to offer our students a more thorough understanding of the ways in which norms, particularly the cis/heteronorm, act to negatively affect the mental health of marginalized populations such as members of the LGBTQIA+ population.

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30

Utley, Jo Ann. "Sex Role Orientation and Self-Esteem of Female Varsity Athletes, Recreational Athletes and Nonathletes". TopSCHOLAR®, 1988. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1829.

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The relationship between athletic participation, sex role orientation and self-esteem has received little attention from researchers and the relationship of these variables among females has not received as much attention as it has among males. It has been theorized that participation in sports, particularly team sports, may effect an increase in self-esteem due to increased positive body image and tend to “masculinize” women and/or attract females who possess or value more masculine traits and behaviors. To address these issues, a comparison of sex role orientation and level of self-esteem was made with female varsity athletes, recreational athletes and nonathletes at Western Kentucky University. The instruments utilized in the study were the Bem Sex Role Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and an activity instrument on which the women indicated activities in which they had participated since and including the ninth grade. The activity instrument also asked for certain demographic information. The three groups of women were matched according to age, socioeconomic status and marital status. Significant differences were found between the three groups on sex role orientation. There was a much larger proportion of varsity athletes classified as androgynous when compared to the recreational athletes and nonathletes. In addition, a larger proportion of nonathletes was classified as feminine, and fewer were classified as masculine when compared to the varsity and recreational athletes. Indicated was a trend for an increasing number of females to be classified as androgynous and masculine as athletic participation increased. No significant differences were found between the groups with regard to level of self-esteem. Possible explanations for the finding are explored.

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31

Dougherty, Deborah Sue. "The mediating effect of gender on negotiated settlements". Scholarly Commons, 1992. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2234.

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This study sought to update the literature on gender and negotiations, generate new information on settlements in negotiations, and provide information on gender and competitive negotiations. The negotiation section of the CAMCO competition was used to determine the influence of gender on negotiated settlement. Settlements did not differ based on the gender of the negotiators, except in scenario two in which it was found that male/male dyads negotiate a less distributive outcome than female/female or mixedsex dyads. In all scenarios, male/male dyads did not settle with an impasse more often than women, and male negotiators in a mixedsex dyad did not negotiate a more winning settlement than women negotiators. The results of the study imply that businesses can feel free to hire men and women negotiators based on their individual qualifications instead of based on their gender. The results also raise some concerns about the perception of differences between men and women based on outdated stereotypes.

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32

Bieda, Kathryn. "Self-Esteem in Relation to Casual Sex Behavior, Attitudes, and Affect". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1949.

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Casual sex is common on college campuses and is potentially relevant to a person's self-esteem. Unfortunately, data are mixed regarding how self-esteem is influenced by casual sex. This thesis is an attempt to understand how casual sex influences women's self-esteem through a series of questionnaires. Three hypotheses were of interest. The first predicted that sociosexuality and desire would explain casual sex engagement. Second, that casual sex behaviors and attitudes would predict self-esteem. Third, looking only at those who engaged in casual sex; casual sex attitudes and affect would predict self-esteem. Using hierarchical regression, results indicated that there was a curvilinear effect for sociosexuality on number of casual sex partners. Results for the second hypothesis showed an interaction between behavior and attitudes to predict selfesteem. Finally, for hypothesis three, results showed a moderation effect for attitudes on negative affect regarding overall casual sex experience and self-esteem.

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33

Athaide, João Paulo de. "Fronteira de gêneros pra quê? uma abordagem nada convencional sobre a produção de referências identitárias na contemporaneidade". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17015.

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The leitmotif of this thesis is to penetrate the current process of formation of referential contemporary identity through the construction of so-called trans identity, which aggregates the population groups transvestites, transsexuals and transgendered Brazilians. Initiated during the dynamic National Meeting of Transvestites and Transgenders That Fight against AIDS in June 2007, I sought to penetrate the significance that occurs and the formation of these roles in a specific socio-political representation through the interview technique of depth. Urbanites who are not part of this highlighted classificatory structure and had no place to interact with the like of so many outsiders, and therefore start questioning the various social markers in order to deconstruct them, encouraging the creation of spaces where the "different" can also contribute to the construction of identity references that are not conventional. Attitude. It is the completion of the trans person's identity and transformation into the urban lifestyle. Understood as the inclusion of these people in a particular interaction aiming to break free from the shackles of a negating modernity and contribute to the formation of other historical period called hypermodernity
O fio condutor dessa dissertação foi devassar o atual processo de formação do referencial identitário contemporâneo, através da construção da chamada identidade trans, que agrega os grupos populacionais de pessoas travestis, transexuais e transgêneros, brasileiros. Iniciada durante a dinâmica do Encontro Nacional de Travestis e Transexuais que Atuam na Luta contra a AIDS, em junho de 2007, busquei devassar como ocorre à significação e a formação desses papéis numa determinada representação sociopolítica, através da técnica de entrevista de profundidade e do estudo de caso. Urbanóides que não fazem parte das estruturas classificatórias destacadas e não encontram espaço pra interagirem como tantos outros outsiders, e por isso, passam a questionar os diversos marcadores sociais no sentido de desconstruí-los, fomentando a criação de espaços onde o diferente possa também contribuir pra a construção de referências identitárias não convencionais. Atitude. É a conclusão do processo de transformação identitária da pessoa trans rumo ao modo de vida urbano. Compreendido como a inserção dessas pessoas em uma determinada interação visando se libertar dos grilhões de uma modernidade negadora e contribuir pra a formação de outro período histórico denominado de hipermodernidade

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34

Osmun, William R. "Hiring the “Other”—A Biographical Narrative Inquiry of Progressive Human Resource Professionals". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1558953727028898.

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35

Cruz, Niles Adrian. "Romantic Attachment Styles, Gender, and Reasons for Living". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2175.

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The purpose of this study was to examine reasons for living in people with secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent romantic attachment styles. Romantic attachment style was assessed by use of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ). Reasons for living were assessed using the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL). The independent variables were gender and romantic attachment style. The dependent variable was the RFL score. Participants included 235 male and female students from a southeastern university. A brief demographic questionnaire, the RFL (Linehan,M., Goodstein, J., Neilson, S., & Chiles J., 1983), and the AAQ (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), were administered in electronic format on-line. A 3 (attachment style) X 2 (gender) Analysis of Variance with unequal cell sizes was used to test for main and interaction effects. The significance level was set at .05. Implications of findings and suggestions for future research were discussed.

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36

Hutson, Samantha. "Measuring Patient Satisfaction After Providing a Choice of Nourishment Options Between Meals in a Long-Term Care Setting". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1805.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether providing residents of the James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center Community Living Center with a choice of nourishment options between meals would improve their satisfaction with the nourishment administration process. As opposed to being given the same nourishment item each day, residents were offered choices from a nourishment cart based upon their diet order. Sixteen residents completed the pre-survey, participated in the revised nourishment cart system for a 3-week period, and completed the postsurvey. Level of satisfaction was determined by analyzing the responses given by the residents on the pre- and post-surveys. There were increases in the overall level of satisfaction the residents felt with the incorporation of the new nourishment cart system.

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37

Kiyan, Ana Maria Mezzarana. "A identidade do sacerdote católico- Um estudo sobre o celibato e a política de identidade da Igreja Católica". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/17387.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The present research is aimed to analyze the metamorphosis in identity (Ciampa, 1996) of the priests who belong to the Roman Apostolic Catholic Church, by giving a special consideration to the celibacy as a meaningful element in the identity policy (Ciampa, 2002) of the institution concerning its clergy, both from the discipline and dogma point of views, all with a social psychology approach. Although the major concern of the research is to talk over the present situation, understanding the process that has set the ecclesiastic celibacy along Catholic Church history is necessary. Thus, the set up of celibacy will be mentioned only to clarify the way it works. Hence, it is a study with no theological basis. The research procedures were contextualized surveys on the historical/social aspects where the situation develops as well as a collection and further analysis of interviews carried out with priests and/or former priests who were for and against the practice of celibacy, with their lives later analyzed under a social psychology approach.
A presente pesquisa, na perspectiva da Psicologia Social, pretende analisar a questão das metamorfoses identitárias (Ciampa, 1996) de sacerdotes da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana, focalizando especialmente o celibato como um elemento relevante da política de identidade (Ciampa, 2002) dessa instituição em relação ao seu clero, seja do ponto de vista disciplinar, seja dogmático. Embora a preocupação principal da pesquisa seja discutir a situação atual da questão, torna-se necessário compreender o processo de instituição do celibato eclesiástico ao longo da história da Igreja Católica. Assim, a instauração do celibato será mencionada apenas no que se refere à necessidade da compreensão mais ampla dos mecanismos de seu funcionamento. Não se trata portanto de um estudo de base teológica. Os procedimentos da pesquisa consistem num levantamento contextual dos aspectos históricos sociais nos quais se desenrola a questão e também na coleta e análise de entrevistas de padres e/ou ex-padres favoráveis e contrários à prática celibatária e posterior análise das histórias de vida à luz da Psicologia Social.

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38

Walker, Alan. "Effects of Three Organizational Policies on Individuals’ Attitudes About Drug Testing". TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1849.

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The consensus of recent literature appears to be that drug testing is both legal and valid. However, a testing program can meet legal and technical criteria and still fail to meet organizational objectives because one vital component has been left out – employees’ attitudes. The present study uses data from 148 college juniors and seniors to assess the effects of three hypothetical drug testing policies: (a) consequences of detected drug use (termination vs. rehabilitation), (b) timing of the program (expected interval vs. random interval vs. reasonable cause), and (c) business purpose (weak vs. strong) on attitudes toward drug testing. It was hypothesized that attitudes would be most favorable when testing was for reasonable cause, with a strong business purpose, and detected use resulted in required rehabilitation. Results revealed a significant interaction between business purpose and consequence implying that organizations may reduce negative reactions to drug testing by first having a clear need for drug testing (e.g. in response to an increasing accident rate) and seeking to rehabilitate employees who are detected of using drugs rather than simply terminating them.

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39

Sullivan, Jonathan Edward. "Motivations of Antitrafficking Volunteers". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3728.

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Abstract Human trafficking is a worldwide crisis, and agencies rely on volunteers to help serve its victims. Past researchers have suggested that motivation to volunteer is multifaceted and that volunteer turnover hinders accomplishing mission objectives. The research question was to examine if there were any differentiating motivations of antitrafficking volunteers from the current literature. This study was a qualitative case study of an antitrafficking religion-sponsored agency in the United States. Self-determination theory guided the research consisting of 7 agency volunteers. Candidates met the established criteria of minimum age and duration of service. The interpretive phenomenological analysis process helped to assess individual data separately and then collectively with participants adding clarification and member checking through follow-up e-mails. The analysis process produced themes about relating to others, work competency, autonomy, sense of obligation, religious motivations, personal satisfaction, recognition, and agency leadership styles as motivators. Their religious affiliation with the agency produced a strong emphasis on spiritual motivations. An element of egocentric motivations emerged as differences from the current volunteering literature. The egocentric motivations emerged from the participant's view that God was watching and their actions brought God's favor to them. Agency leaders need to focus on helping potential and current volunteers feel important as contributors to the spiritual wellbeing of themselves and others. This finding was a key aspect of recruitment and retention of volunteers, who could help this underserved population and thus promote positive social change.

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40

Dunville, Donna. "Personnel Managers' Attitudes Towards Affirmative Action & Its Potential Correlates". TopSCHOLAR®, 1993. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2281.

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Despite the controversy surrounding Affirmative Action (AA), relatively little research has appeared about attitudes towards these programs. In this research, an exploratory approach is implemented to assess the support of personnel managers for the theory of AA as well as the mechanisms designed to carry it out. Also, the relationship to Supreme Court decisions, relevant legislation, and numerous demographic, attitudinal, and organizational variables are examined for their impact on Affirmative Action attitudes. A questionnaire was utilized to assess support for AA and its correlates. The majority of personnel managers indicate support for both AA in theory and the mechanisms required to carry these programs out. This research indicates either very small or no differences exist between support for AA concepts versus AA mechanisms, support for gender -based versus race-based AA, or support reported by private sector versus public sector personnel managers for AA. How personnel managers perceive the impact of Court Decisions and the 1991 Civil Rights Act on AA implementation, although small, was found to be a significant correlate of AA attitudes. The race of the respondent was found to be the most significant determinant of AA attitudes. Although minorities were found to be more supportive than nonminorities, both were found to register support for these programs.

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41

Moldoveanu, Ina. "Pour une clinique des souffrances subjectives dans la maladie d'Alzheimer". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00749602.

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Cette thèse vise à nuancer la problématique de la souffrance qui entoure la maladie d'Alzheimer, et notamment celle des malades, des proches et des soignants. Cette souffrance, que nous appelons souffrance Alzheimer, n'est pas uniforme, n'est pas constante, peut arriver à différentes étapes de la maladie chez différents sujets, elle n'est pas toujours liée directement à la maladie d'Alzheimer, même si la maladie peut favoriser son apparition. Cette souffrance Alzheimer n'est pas isolée, elle s'inscrit dans un contexte plus général de la souffrance psychique et sociale. Les réponses possibles afin de la soulager ou diminuer sont multiples : elles peuvent être individuelles (chaque sujet tente, en mesure de ses possibilités de faire face) ou collectives (associations, groupes de paroles), subjectives (la création) ou scientifiques (traitements), ainsi que politiques ou sociétales

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42

Van, Leeuwen Nikki. "Aspects cognitifs, familiaux, culturels et sociaux-économiques des idéations et des comportements suicidaires chez les adolescents issus de l'immigration". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00678771.

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Etude 1- Objectif: Explorer les contributions relatives des facteurs socioculturels et psychopathologiques aux idéations suicidaires dans un échantillon d'adolescents issus de l'immigration (N=292). Bien que les événements de vie négatifs, les symptômes dépressifs, et l'individualisme sont des facteurs de risque, et l'attachement aux parents un facteur de protection chez les garçons et les filles, des différences de genre sont observées. Les traits limites (facteur de risque), l'assimilation et la marginalisation (les deux facteurs de protection) étaient des prédicteurs significatifs de l'idéation suicidaire chez les filles uniquement.Etude 2- Objectif: Explorer les différences ethniques (717 Français vs. 251 issus de l'immigration) concernant les facteurs de risques et de protection associés à l'idéation suicidaire dans une population d'adolescents. Les garçons issus de l'immigration rapportaient une sévérité d'idéation suicidaire plus importante que les garçons Français alors que les filles issues de l'immigration rapportaient une moyenne plus élevée à l'échelle de l'idéation suicidaire que leurs pairs Françaises. Des différences ethniques sont apparus significatives pour l'âge chez les garçons et pour les cognitions délinquantogènes, les traits limites et l'anxiété sociale chez les filles. Etude 3- Objectif : Explorer l'idéation suicidaire et les symptômes dépressifs en France par des analyses centrées sur les variables et sur les personnes dans un échantillon d'adolescents issus de l'immigration. La marginalisation prédisait significativement les idéations suicidaires alors que la discrimination perçue prédisait les symptômes dépressifs. Quatre classes latentes ont émergés de l'analyse : " Séparés-Intégrés ", " Intégrés ", " Indifférenciés " et " Individualisés ". Des différences significatives sont apparues entre les quatre profils culturels pour l'identité ethnique, la discrimination perçue et le stress acculturatif. En revanche, bien que la prévalence de l'idéation suicidaire et des symptômes dépressifs était élevée dans l'échantillon total et dans les profils culturels, aucune différence significative n'est apparue. Etude 4- Objectif : Identifier les aspects cognitifs et comportementaux qui sous-tendent les conduites suicidaires de 15 jeunes issus de l'immigration. Le suicide représente " un moyen de se libérer de la contrainte à simuler une identité " et " une reprise du contrôle ". Les dissonances culturelles, les distorsions cognitives, les cognitions identitaires favorisent l'émergence de comportements autodestructeurs et de stratégies de coping. Les aspects cognitifs et comportementaux, sous-tendus par des éléments culturels contradictoires, amènent ces adolescents à anticiper un possible rejet, qui susciterait une angoisse d'abandon.

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Prince, Rafiah. "Sexual Attraction in the Therapy Room: An Exploration of Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists’ Experiences and Training". NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dft_etd/13.

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The client-therapist relationship is an essential part of therapy and is central in helping clients achieve therapeutic goals as the joining process facilitates the change process. However, in an effort to create a space for change, there is a possibility that professional boundaries may become blurred wherein a client may express a sexual attraction toward their therapist. To explore this phenomenon, the researcher employed convergent parallel mixed method design to explore the experiences of Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists (LMFTs) who have experienced sexual attraction from their clients. The study was conducted online through a secure forum. Implications for clients, therapists, and the field of marriage and family therapy are discussed. The research suggests that education and training are critical in assisting therapists when dealing with sexual attraction issues.

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Rice, Jennifer E. "Dogs in the Workplace: The Emotional, Social, and Physical Benefits to Employees". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1565807557585623.

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Wang, Liang. "Effects of Maternal Depression on Childhood Overweight and Obesity: Findings from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1307.

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Overweight and obesity among children and youth in the United States is a serious public health concern. The longitudinal relationships between maternal depression and childhood overweight and obesity were examined using data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (NICHD SECCYD). A national cohort of 1,384 children was followed from birth to adolescence and longitudinal data collected on multiple variables, including child weight and height, maternal depression, maternal influence, and family context. Maternal Depression was assessed by the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and defined as a score of 16 or greater. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the recommended BMI age- and sex-specific percentiles. Maternal depression was assessed when the child was 1 month old, 36 months, and in grade 1. Overweight and obesity status was assessed at 36 months, grade 1, grade 3, and grade 6. The effect of changes or persistence in the pattern of maternal depression for different childhood age points on the development of childhood overweight and obesity was evaluated. A variety of statistical methods were used including t-test, ANOVA, multiple linear regression, multiple logistic regression, and generalized estimation equation (GEE). Results: After adjustment for confounding, compared with mothers with no depression at child's age of 1 month, 36 months, and in grade 1, mothers with depression at 1 or 2 of those time points had a 45% higher risk for childhood overweight and obesity at grade 3 (OR= 1.45, 95% CI= 1.01-2.07). For mothers with depression at all 3 time points, there was an even greater increase in risk at grade 3 (OR= 2.25, 95% CI= 1.05-4.84) and grade 6 (OR= 3.36, 95% CI= 1.46-7.77). Conclusion: Maternal depression is associated with childhood overweight and obesity. Child overweight and obesity intervention efforts may benefit from identifying strategies to improve maternal mental health status, including depression.

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Diaz, Eduardo Diego. "Identifying Functional Characteristics that Influence Team Outcomes". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/259.

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Industry and research have shown that, in addition to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals, other factors play an influential role in the efficiency of a team. The research questions for this study examined the influence of functional characteristics, defined as the cognitive and evaluative processes such as intentions, emotions, planning, and perception that influence decisions, on team outcomes and the time it takes to complete a task. Using a quantitative, experimental research design, the research questions were grounded in personality systems interactions as the theoretical framework. Analysis of variance was applied to evaluate the hypotheses with an independent measure used to analyze 114 student participant responses to an online assessment and a team task. Results of a test of between-subjects effect identified their functional characteristic levels. Findings displayed statistical significance with main effect for (a) action orientation and (b) the time it takes to complete an assigned task, F(2, 57) = 3.24, p = 0.047. These findings could serve to decrease organizational costs such as those associated with human resource selection processes, team training, or team performance outcomes. The findings support positive social change by increasing social and behavioral psychologists' understanding of human-to-human behavioral interactions and the influence of functional characteristics on organizational teams.

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47

Jafarneiad, Laleh. "Genus, en social konstruktion? : En socialpsykologisk studie som behandlar om och hur interaktioner påverkas av genusordningen iden icke-verbala kommunikationen underanställningsintervjuer". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3523.

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Denna kvalitativa studie har som syfte att skapa en förståelse för om och i så fall hurden icke-verbala kommunikationen (Dimbleby & Burton) och den insocialiseradegenusordningen (Connell, 2003) påverkar interaktioner vid anställningsintervjuer tillchefsposition. Studien utgår ifrån ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv (Gergen,2007) som anser att individer skapas och insocialiseras i mötet med andra. Studien harobservationer som metod för att försöka få förståelse för genusordningen och denicke-verbala kommunikationen i interaktionerna under anställningsintervjuer. Vidareupprättades en observationsmatris utifrån icke-verbalt beteende, samt manligt ochkvinnligt hexis. Resultatet från observationerna inbegriper både de enskildaindividernas icke-verbala kommunikation och den gemensamma interaktionen somuppstår under anställningsintervjun. Fokus i analysen ligger i interaktionerna mellanindividerna, eftersom det är mellan individerna som den icke-verbalakommunikationen kan fångas och utifrån detta tolkar, förstår och förklarar jag om ochhur den insocialiserade genusordningen påverkar den icke-verbala kommunikationen iinteraktionerna. Genom analysen har jag kommit fram till att både den icke-verbalakommunikationen och genus har en viss påverkan för hur interaktionerna skapas underanställningsintervjuer.

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Guerin, Bernadette M. "Leaving a lot to be desired? Sex therapy and the discourses of heterosex". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3454.

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In this thesis I explore the social construction of sexuality and sexual dysfunction. Interviews were undertaken with 20 sex therapists practising in Aotearoa/New Zealand in order to elicit accounts of contemporary sex therapy practice in the local context. Using a feminist poststructuralist lens, I explicate and critically examine the dominant discourses informing the construction of sex therapy, and heterosexual sexual relations, and what these discourses enable and constrain. I draw attention to some of the assumptions embedded in the construction of the sexual dysfunctions in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR, APA, 2000), and in accounts of sex therapy practice, examining the ways in which these are based on taken-for-granted norms of (hetero)sexuality and highlighting the differently enabled gendered sexual subjectivities they (re)produce. Although there are nine sexual dysfunctions identified in the DSM-IV-TR, all of which I briefly outline in Chapter Four, I restrict my focus in the analytical chapters to the conceptualisation and treatment of vaginismus, orgasm difficulties in women, discrepancies in desire and, relatedly, the gendering of desire through powerful sociocultural discourses and representations. I pay particular attention to the implications of these for heterosexual women’s sexuality. I also explore some of the generic concepts that dominate the construction of therapy at a broader level than that of sex therapy alone, arguing that while these offer some useful ways of framing therapy they also constrain therapy practice in important ways. Through a critical review of the sex therapy literature and accounts of practice from those interviewed, I contend that contemporary sex therapy tends to reify dominant cultural and sexological norms rather than challenge them. My analyses show that the dominant discourses informing constructions of sex therapy and heterosexual sexual relations produce particular types of sex as normal whilst marginalizing sexual acts or practices that fall outside of such restrictive parameters. In particular, I argue that the genital-coital-orgasm construct that is hegemonic within sex therapy restricts possibilities for alternative erotic pleasures and possibilities amongst heterosexuals whilst contributing to the invisibilization of sexual identities other than heterosexual. Accounts of sex therapy practice that were able to contest such framings are also highlighted. Because these came from sex therapists drawing on radical feminist or feminist poststructuralist discourses, I suggest that these discourses offer important possibilities for a deconstructive (sex) therapy practice that is able to challenge an often inequitable sexual status quo. Attention is also drawn to the significant constraints which act to restrict clients’ choices and possibilities for sex therapists to practise in more critically questioning ways. I conclude this thesis with an ‘invitation to reflection’ where I briefly discuss some deconstructive approaches that I have found useful for developing ongoing reflexive analysis of my own taken-for-granted assumptions in the area of sexuality, and for aiding my thinking about therapeutic practices that support my political and theoretical commitments and that attend to some of the issues outlined in this thesis.
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Singleton, Patrick Allen. "Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3780.

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Why do people travel? Underlying most travel behavior research is the derived-demand paradigm of travel analysis, which assumes that travel demand is derived from the demand for spatially separated activities, traveling is a means to an end (reaching destinations), and travel time is a disutility to be minimized. In contrast, the "positive utility of travel" (PUT) concept suggests that travel may not be inherently disliked and could instead provide benefits or be motivated by desires for travel-based multitasking, positive emotions, or fulfillment. The PUT idea assembles several concepts relevant to travel behavior: utility maximization, motivation theory, multitasking, and subjective well-being. Despite these varied influences, empirical analyses of the PUT concept remain limited in both quantity and scope. There is a need for more fundamental development and classification of the PUT idea and its multifaceted nature. The wide variety and quality of ways to measure PUT attributes are further research challenges. Additionally, few studies investigate both major aspects of the PUT concept--travel activities and travel experiences--simultaneously. Finally, research is only beginning to examine empirical associations between PUT measures and travel behaviors such as mode choice. This dissertation addresses many of these gaps in conceptualizing, measuring, and modeling the PUT concept. First, a literature review strengthens the definition, classification, and empirical support for a PUT, defined as "any benefit(s) accruing to a traveler through the act of traveling." The two primary PUT categories are travel activities (travel-based multitasking) and travel experiences (travel subjective well-being), and the most useful PUT measures involve gathering self-reported assessments of these topics. Based on this review, an online questionnaire is designed and administered to nearly 700 commuters in the Portland, OR, region. The survey includes detailed questions about commute mode choice, activity participation, travel usefulness, positive emotions and fulfillment, and travel liking for a recent home-to-work trip. Next, these PUT measures are empirically examined using factor analyses, finding groupings of activities and common unobserved constructs of hedonic ("Distress," "Fear," "Attentiveness," "Enjoyment") and eudaimonic ("Security," "Autonomy," "Confidence," "Health") subjective well-being. Many of these factors exhibit large variations among travel modes--walking and bicycling commuters are the most satisfied and appear to value time spent exercising--and are predicted (somewhat less strongly) by other trip and traveler characteristics in ordered logit regression and structural equation models. Finally, integrated choice and latent variable models are estimated to examine relationships between measures of the PUT concept and commute mode choice. This is made possible by the unique dataset that collects PUT measures for not only the chosen mode but also modal alternatives. Measures of travel-based multitasking are significantly related to mode choice, suggesting people may be doing things more to pass the time than to be productive. A validated measure of travel subjective well-being is also a significant and positive factor, suggesting people are more likely to choose a mode that makes them happier. Overall, PUT measures greatly increase the explanatory power of the mode choice model. These findings make significant contributions to travel behavior research methods and knowledge. They also offer important implications for transportation policies around promoting nonautomobile travel and planning for autonomous vehicles.

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Van, Hooland Michelle. "Promotion de la santé en foyer de l'enfance : méthode d'éducation biographique pour la résilience". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794295.

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La promotion psychosociale de la résilience de l'adolescent placé en foyer de l'enfance se réalise àtravers une méthode d'éducation biographique. Dans cette méthode, l'adolescent actualise sa résiliencepassée pendant le vécu de maltraitance familiale et mobilise sa résilience au présent. En effet, face austress perçu du placement, l'adolescent maltraité résilient reprend des stratégies passées perçues, parles professionnels, comme socialement inadaptées car entravant sa résilience sur un versant positif. Laméthode d'éducation biographique permet la transformation de ses stratégies en ressources car ellefavorise le processus de résilience personnalisation et aboutit à un type d'issue à savoir la capacité àmettre en forme son expérience biographique passée et présente. Cette transformation se fait à traversune pédagogie de projet. Est proposé au foyer de l'enfance le projet de réaliser un livre d'Histoires derésilience dans lequel l'adolescent est amené à faire son récit autobiographique de résilience puis à letransformer en récit de fiction. Cette énonciation et ce travail sur l'énoncé sont aidés par un récithétérobiographique énoncé en amont et par un conte de résilience. Ces quatre récits s'appuient sur unschéma narratif Histoires de résilience. Cette énonciation autobiographique et ce travail sur l'énoncése situent dans la phase de production du projet qui comprend aussi les phases de présentation,préparation, révision et socialisation. A travers toutes ces phases, l'adolescent devient auteur : il lui estpossible de se positionner dans la manière de suivre le projet car la méthode est pensée en terme desocialisation de transformation

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Tesis sobre el tema "Social sciences -> psychology -> human sexuality"

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