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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Social choice approch"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Social choice approch"

Prasertrungruang, Montree y Dusadee Ayuwat. "Social choices for the next generation of elderly: The combination of resources allocation and the utilization of social conditions". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 2.10 (2 de abril de 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10964.

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With the advent of the aged society amidst capitalism development, the Next Generation of Elderly (NGE) has the chance to seek social choices. This research relied on the Resource Profile Framework to study the social choices of NGEs under the Capability Approach and the Structuration Approach. The qualitative research method was used with the research target group, or NGEs, who were Thai citizens aged 50 to 59 years residing in an urban and a rural areas of Kud Piang Khom Sub-District, the district of a complete aged society. The data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews from May to September, 2016 with 36 NGEs. Descriptive analysis was conducted to synthesize their social choices. The result showed 5 social choices used by the NGEs: (1) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in that dimension; (2) The choice that arises from the use of resource in one dimension for a return of resource in another dimension; (3) The choice that arises from the use of resources from many dimensions; (4) The choice that arises from facilitating social conditions; and (5) The choice that arises from integrating personal resources with utilization of facilitating social conditions. NGEs’ social choices were found to vary according to the individuals and community context.

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Holme, Jennifer Jellison. "Buying Homes, Buying Schools: School Choice and the Social Construction of School Quality". Harvard Educational Review 72, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2002): 177–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.72.2.u6272x676823788r.

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In this article, Jennifer Jellison Holme explores how parents who can afford to buy homes in areas known "for the schools" approach school choice in an effort to illuminate how the "unofficial" choice market works. Using qualitative methods, Holme finds that the beliefs that inform the choices of such parents are mediated by status ideologies that emphasize race and class. She concludes that school choice policies alone will not level the playing field for lower-status parents, as choice advocates often suggest.

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Papakonstantinidis, Leonidas y Christina Barbarousi. "A Social Welfare Economics Proposal Through Bargaining Theory: a Win-Win-Win Papakonstantinidis Model Approach Inserting Overall Arbitrator Player to the Local Development Game". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 3, n.º 6 (2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.36.2004.

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In this study, we investigate the impact of Social Bargain on Welfare Problem adopting the win-win-win Papakonstantinidis model inserting the Overall Arbitrator Player into the local development game. This deals with (a) the failure of Public Choice in the production of social welfare, (b) the Bargaining Process as a proposal for generating social capital in the field of Welfare Economics. The purpose of this research is to indicate that Public Choice fails to lead to Economic Development. Instead, this can be achieved by implementing Social Bargaining Process into the game of social welfare. In particular, the gap between development and underdevelopment (regional problem) in the community is being investigated, while it is identified as being real and unresolved in the literature of Social Choice Theory and Regional Science. This gap can be corrected – cured through Social Bargaining Process as a solution to the Welfare Problem. The above is being interpreted as follows: the agents of the game or voters of the community can make such collective decisions that eliminate regional disparities by choosing strategies or politicians that will make the appropriate assessments/choices for the community. The key questions are: a) why Public Choice fails to solve the problem of regional disparities and to lead to social welfare, (b) what makes the Social Bargaining Process the appropriate solution to the social welfare problem (or regional problem) and above it should be dealt with. As a methodology is being proposed the Mediation Theory model among two other processes: (1) The “Principal-Agent” process, considering Principal’s position as strong, and (2) the Leadership of a community and a single Member of the same community (“Leader-Member Exchange” – LMX), considering the Leader’s position as strong. The research findings proposed the creation of a social player in the bargaining process, where introduces the generation of social capital, that leads to social welfare to which Public Choice fails to lead and this point is also the originality of the paper.

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Mandali, Alekhya, Claire Gillan y Valerie Voon. "27 The coexistence of social withdrawal and impulsivity: a trans-diagnostic approach". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, n.º 8 (20 de julio de 2020): e19.1-e19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.44.

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IntroductionSocial anxiety disorder or phobia (SAD) is a debilitating condition, where an individual experiences overwhelming fear to situations involving social interactions. Prototypically, SAD presents as shy, submissive, inhibited, and risk- aversive behaviours. Contrastingly, an atypical sub-group show impulsive, aggressive, novelty-seeking behaviours along with severe substance abuse problems. In scenarios, where there is co-existence of polar opposite symptoms, trans-diagnostic approaches extrapolate the characteristics of a disorder as a continuum rather than a categorical one. Data-driven computational models such as drift diffusion model utilize behavioural measures and extract potential markers that reflect the activity of specific brain networks. Here, we aim to analyse and correlate the psychological traits with computational estimates of behaviour during risk-taking and value based decision making.MethodsWe used the data from 1400 participants who completed the 2 stage sequential learning task. We focused on the second stage of the task, where the reward probabilities of the choices are stochastic. The computational measures were estimated for two scenarios i.e. when the participants made 1) accurate choices and 2) risky choices (the choice with maximum variance in reward probability was labelled as risky). This computation was performed for all the trials across all the participants. We then used choice–(risky vs non-risky or correct vs incorrect) and response time as inputs to the hierarchical drift diffusion model to extract threshold (a), drift rate (v) and response bias (z) parameters. The computational parameters were then correlated with the 3 psychological factors that span the compulsive, anxiety- depression and the social withdrawal spectrum.ResultsThe computational parameters from both accuracy and risk taking scenarios of the sequential learning task were correlated with the 3 factors. While controlling for IQ and age, we found a generalized correlation which is significant between the threshold parameter(‘a’) and social withdrawal, with the former estimate being negatively correlated (Accuracy: |r| = -0.078, p=0.003; Risk: |r| = -0.075, p=0.005) with the latter. This relation was not observed with regard to anxiety-depression and compulsive traits.ConclusionsWe show that individuals with higher social withdrawal levels are impulsive as they accumulate less evidence while making a choice. This behaviour holds irrespective of the choice being chosen is an optimal or a risky one. Critically, we show how a trans-diagnostic approach of integrating computational model and psychological questionnaires can reveal the existence of psychological traits as a continuum.

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Matsen, Egil y Øystein Thøgersen. "Designing social security – a portfolio choice approach". European Economic Review 48, n.º 4 (agosto de 2004): 883–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2003.09.006.

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Ebert, Udo y Heinz Welsch. "Meaningful environmental indices: a social choice approach". Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 47, n.º 2 (marzo de 2004): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2003.09.001.

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Pitelis, Christos N. "Corporate Control, Social Choice and Capital Accumulation: An Asymmetrical Choice Approach". Review of Radical Political Economics 18, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1986): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/048661348601800305.

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Brennan, Gareth James y MaryBeth Gallagher. "Expectations of choice: an exploration of how social context informs gendered occupation". Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 45, n.º 1 (3 de abril de 2017): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijot-01-2017-0003.

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Purpose Occupational choice describes the process that leads to occupational engagement as a result of intrinsic and extrinsic influences. There has been a considerable amount of research concerning occupational choice, gender and adolescence. However, this has largely focused on the areas of career choice and engagement in risky health behaviours. This paper aims to expand on the literature by providing a broader scope of occupation more aligned with the concept associated with occupational science. Furthering this, the researcher aims to examine the influence of gender as an extrinsic influence on occupational choice. The researcher aims to explore how contextual influences inform gendered occupational choice. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative approach was used in the current study. Incorporating photographs as a means of elucidating conversation during the interview process, photo-elicitation interview techniques were used as part of the data collection. This involved using a collection of photographs to prompt participants to discuss their interpretations of various occupations. Six adolescent boys and girls aged 11-14 years participated in the study. Participants were recruited from mixed-gendered sports clubs in the West of Ireland. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. An occupational justice perspective was used to interpret the data. Findings Responses suggest that gender informs occupational choice through different mechanisms. These included social systems, physical and institutional opportunities as well as expectations participants held of themselves and others they considered to be within their social grouping. Social systems included groups such as friends and family. The ease of access to physical and institutional resources was another factor that informed choice. Participants projected views of expectations they perceived others held for them informed how the participants made their choices. These factors varied across gender. Despite opportunities being available to both sexes, choices were often restricted to particular occupations. Originality/value The findings suggest that factors informing the occupational choices of adolescents included a combination of intrinsic factors such as gender and perspectives, as well as external factors including peers, family and opportunities in the local community. Practical applications of this involve acknowledging and further understanding the contextually situated nature of choice to provide more equitable practice. The results of the study may provide more insight into the factors that enable and inhibit occupation. A further understanding of these influences can redirect how we view adolescent occupations in a way that promotes health.

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Sager, Tore. "Positive Theory of Planning: The Social Choice Approach". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 33, n.º 4 (abril de 2001): 629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3319.

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Gabel, Matthew J. y Charles R. Shipan. "A social choice approach to expert consensus panels". Journal of Health Economics 23, n.º 3 (mayo de 2004): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.10.004.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Social choice approch"

Zwarthoed, Danielle. "Le choix collectif dans la philosophie politique contemporaine : des fondements philosophiques de la théorie du choix social à l’évaluation démocratique des capabilités d’Amartya Sen". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0027/document.

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Les fondements philosophiques de la théorie du choix social sont l’objet de cette thèse. La théorie du choix social est un champ de l’économie normative qui traite de l’agrégation des préférences individuelles. L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les postulations philosophiques de la théorie du choix social afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure celle-ci pourrait contribuer à une théorie de la justice sociale basée sur les capabilités d’Amartya Sen. Ce travail est par conséquent élaboré à partir de l’idée d’une « approche comparative » de la justice sociale, défendue par Amartya Sen, et que ce dernier oppose à l’ « approche transcendantale » de John Rawls. Nous tentons d’y préciser l’interprétation de la théorie du choix social requise pour spécifier l’approche par les capabilités, et en particulier l’évaluation et la construction d’un indice de capabilités et de fonctionnements. Ce travail de thèse défend l’hypothèse selon laquelle la tension apparente entre l’agrégation des préférences et l’approche par les capabilités est due à une interprétation étroite du cadre conceptuel de la théorie du choix social. En effet, l’approche par les capabilités est généralement comprise comme incompatible avec le préférentialisme de la théorie du choix social. Cela est dû à ce que l’approche par les capabilités s’est construite en partie comme une réponse au problème des préférences adaptatives. Cette thèse consiste donc à élargir le champ des interprétations de la théorie du choix social et de son cadre conceptuel, principalement de sa base d’information.La première partie de ce travail de recherche traite la question suivante : les préférences sont-elles déterminées par une source individuelle pouvant être pensée indépendamment de sa position sociale et économique ? Afin de montrer que ce n’est pas nécessairement le cas sur le plan logique, nous y analysons trois types de base informationnelle : les utilités cardinales, les préférences ordinales et les capabilités.L’objectif de la seconde partie est de déterminer ce que les préférences décrivent. Nous y analysons d’une part la nature de la préférence elle-même dans ce contexte. S’agit-il d’une décision déterminant une action, d’un désir, d’un état mental ou encore d’un jugement de valeur ? D’autre part, les différents critères éthiques de préférence sont étudiés, à savoir le plaisir hédoniste, la satisfaction des désirs et un critère de bien-être objectif. Cette exploration nous amène à défendre la conclusion suivante : la conception des préférences la plus en phase avec la structure formelle de la théorie du choix social est une conception comparative requérant d’excellentes conditions cognitives pour que les préférences puissent être considérées à proprement parler comme les véritables préférences de l’agent.La troisième partie revient à l’approche des capabilités. L’argumentation s’appuie sur les conclusions des deux parties précédentes afin de jeter les bases d’une théorie de la justice démocratique et non-idéale basée sur les capabilités d’Amartya Sen. Dans cette partie, nous montrons qu’une évaluation des capabilités indépendante des préférences tend à nier l’importance de la liberté et de la qualité d’agent dans l’approche par les capabilités. Nous défendons donc l’hypothèse selon laquelle les capabilités et les fonctionnements comme objets de préférence permettent de filtrer celles-ci afin de parer au problème des préférences adaptatives
This dissertation examines the philosophical foundations of social choice theory. Social choice theory is the area of normative economics which is concerned with the aggregation of individual preferences. The aim of this work is to investigate the philosophical assumptions of social choice theory in order to understand to what extent it can contribute to a theory of justice based on capabilities. Therefore, the dissertation is build up on Amartya Sen’s idea of a “comparative approach” of justice, as opposed to the Rawlsian “transcendental approach”. It is an attempt to precise which understanding of social choice theory is required to specify the capability approach, especially the evaluation and the indexing of capabilities. In this dissertation, we argue that the apparent tension between preference aggregation and capability approach is due to a narrow interpretation of social choice theory’s conceptual framework. Capability approach is generally conceived as non-compatible with the preferentalism of social choice theory: after all, capabilities are seen as a response to the recurring problem of adaptive preferences. This dissertation thus consists in widening the scope of interpretations of social choice theory framework. This research deals mainly with the informational basis of social choice theory.This dissertation is in three parts. The first part tackles the following problem: are preferences determined by an individual source that can be thought independently of its social and economic position? To answer these questions, three kinds of informational basis in social choice theory and normative economics are investigated: cardinal utilities, ordinal preferences and capabilities.The second part aims at defining what preferences do describe in this context. Firstly, the nature of preference itself is examined: can it be assimilated to choice? Or is it a mere evaluation? A desire? A mental state? This analysis points out the comparative structure of preferences. Secondly, the various ethical criteria of preference are investigated: hedonistic pleasure, desire satisfaction and objective well-being. We argue that preferences are better conceived as comparative evaluation and require actually excellent cognitive conditions to be truly the agent’s own real preferences.The third part goes back to capability approach. The argument relies on the previous results to build up a first account of a democratic non-ideal theory of justice based on capabilities. In this part, we show that a preference-independent capability evaluation turns out to dismiss the importance of freedom and agency in capability approach. Then we argue that capabilities and functionings as an object for preferences do provide a first filter against adaptive preferences

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Gray, R. "A social perceptual approach to freight transport modal choice". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8651.

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This research develops a conceptual model of freight modal choice in which the basic unit of analysis is the socio-organisational group. Research into freight modal choice at the level of the firm has tended to disregard the nature of human choice and to assume that modal choice can be explained in terms of technological phenomena or cost relationships. There is also a tendency to equate the modal choice of organisational members with the modal use of firms. The approach adopted in this work is to accept that there are different interest groups within shipper firms and that such groups may not necessarily form a consensus of opinion about freight model choice. It is assumed that different socia-organisational groups may form different implicit theories about transport systems. Such an approach is called the social perceptual approach. The conceptual modal is converted into an operational model and an empirical investigation is undertaken into the area of modal choice between air freight transport end surface less than full load freight transport from the United Kingdom to Western Europe. In particular, the standpoint of shipping managers (managers responsible for arranging international freight transport in exporting companies) is examined vis-a-vis certain normative approaches such as the through transport concept.

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Reed, Markum L. "An Empirical Approach to Social Networks". OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/886.

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Social networks tend to shape our views about the world. Our study conducts an empirical analysis of social network dynamics using Twitter data. We ask whether social networks influence voting decisions, and determine whether or not people make consistent choices based on their tweets or what they believe. We collect Twitter data on a daily basis, with dynamic social network measurements before, during, and after the 2012 Presidential election. We identify how people should believe based on their ideological profiles. We use lexicographical analysis to check if ideological key words are present in a user's tweets, and if the overall sentiment on this issue is positive or negative. We utilize this data to determine how people should have chosen an outcome which may conflict with an individual's observed declaration of political ideology. We are able to determine what percentage of the population made a consistent choices based on their Tweets during the 2012 presidential election. Additionally, we examine the social network structure in Twitter and how it affects voting. We illustrate that an individual's political ideology is influenced by others in their network.\\ Consumer confidence is an economic indicator which measures the degree of optimism that consumers feel about the overall state of the economy as well as their personal financial situation. We will show that consumer sentiment can be measured via analysis of social networks. Specifically, we perform a lexicographic analysis of Twitter data over a three month period. After careful analysis, we find that not only does talk intensity of economic issues cause shifts in the daily stock market prices but has a significant negative affect.\\ The study of religion has enjoyed distinction and legitimacy within sociology, psychology, anthropology, and political science for many years. This paper concerns the extent to which economic opinion is embedded in structure of religious social relations. We hope to enhance the empirical study of homophily and the economics of behavior by showing how beliefs, norms, and values are affected by religion and, by extension, morals, and culture. We utilize a technique called cluster analysis to determine homophilic ties within a single attribute, religiosity. We see that religion affects economic attitudes and activities of individuals, groups, and societies. Further, religion influences how behavior and institutions are affected by social relations and in our case homophily. This influence is one of the classic questions of social theory.

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Sartorius, Christian. "An evolutionary approach to social welfare /". London [u.a.] : Routledge, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0651/2003046901-d.html.

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Cheung, Sin Yi. "Meritocracy revisited : a disaggregated approach to the study of educational and occupational attainment in Britain". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389564.

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Fujimoto, Masaki. "Social Norms and Conventions as Coordination Devices of Behavior Choices among Agents : A Game Theoretical Approach". Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181296.

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Cavanna, Emilie. "Spatialisation des élites rurales médiévales et modernes dans le Bassin parisien : pour une approche archéogéographique des pratiques sociales de distinction". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H006.

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Cette thèse a pour objet d’étude le choix du lieu d’implantation des élites rurales médiévales et modernes. Elle s’inscrit d’une part, dans la tendance actuelle de réexamen des estimateurs archéologiques de niveau social et, d’autre part, dans le « tournant spatial » des SHS qui invite à prendre en compte la dimension spatiale des sociétés. L’espace est ici appréhendé comme un produit culturel et social, ce qui amène à analyser le choix du site comme un objet archéologique à part entière, révélateur de pratiques sociales. L’approche archéogéographique conduit à recomposer l’espace des élites à l’aide de critères décrivant toutes les dimensions socio-environnementales de l’interaction élite/espace (milieu, paysage, territoire). L’objectif de cette thèse repose en effet sur l’expérimentation d’une grille d’analyse (critères) et d’une méthodologie fondée sur des variations d’échelles de temps (temps long / court) et d’espace (site / réseau de sites). Deux fenêtres d’étude situées dans le Bassin parisien ont été ouvertes : une dans la vallée de Touques, au coeur du Pays d’Auge (Calvados), avec un corpus de sites (manoirs) datant des XVe-XIXe siècles et une seconde, autour d’un site archéologique fouillé (La « Ferme du Colombier ») daté du début du XVIe siècle, dans la plaine confluente de la Seine et l’Yonne (Seine-et-Marne). Les modélisations révèlent la spatialité des élites rurales – tout particulièrement celles des XVe-XVIe siècles – et permettent finalement de discuter des pratiques de distinction enregistrées dans le choix du site, dans un contexte historique marqué par un profond renouvellement des élites
This PhD seeks to study the choice of location of medieval and modern rural elites. Fully in line with the current trend for reviewing archaeological estimators of social scale ; it also fits into the "spatial turn" of human and social sciences, inviting to take into account the spatial dimension of societies. Space, regarded as a cultural and social production, aims at analyzing the choice of location as a fully fledged archaeological object, revealing social practices.The archaeogeographical approach leads to reconstitute the space of elites with criteria describing all the social and environmental dimensions of interactions between space and elite (environment, landscape, territory). The purpose of the PhD relies on the experimentation of an evaluation grid and a methodology based on variations of time and space scales ( sites and networks of sites).Two observation windows located in the Paris Basin were picked: the first one, in the Touques Valley (Calvados), around a site corpus (manor houses) from the 15th-19th centuries, the second one around an archaeological site from the 16th century (La “Ferme du Colombier”) located in the confluent plain of the Seine and the Yonne rivers. Modelling reveals spatiality of rural elites, particularly those of the 15th-16th centuries, and eventually entitles to discuss the practices of social distinction recorded into the choice of location, in a historical context characterised by deep renewal process of elites

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Tinch, Yelena. "Public preferences towards future energy policy in the UK : a choice experiment approach". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/17175.

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The key focus of this dissertation is to produce research upon energy and climate change issues in the UK in a policy relevant and theoretically sound way. It aims to inform industry and policy makers to allow politically palatable, successful and effective future energy and climate change policy to be developed by identifying the preferences of the public for different policy scenarios. The Choice Experiment method was employed throughout this dissertation as the consistent methodological approach allowed for greater comparability of the results in addition to allowing the method’s robustness and reliability to be tested. The first part of this research (Chapter 3) is concerned with investigating attitudes and willingness to pay for future generation portfolio of Scotland by investigating household preferences for various energy generating options, such as wind, nuclear and biomass compared to the current generation mix. We identified the Scottish public have positive and significant preference towards wind and nuclear power over the current energy mix. We also found heterogeneity in public preferences depending on where respondents live which is reflected in their preferences towards specific attributes. Presence of non-compensatory behaviour in our sample is another element which was investigated in this part. Chapters 4 and 5 contain analyses of two independent choice experiments which were run in parallel. They take a UK-wide approach and investigate public preferences for more general areas of future energy and climate change policy, such as: carbon reduction targets, focus on energy efficiency improvements and attitudes to micro-generation versus large scale renewable generation. In addition the preferences for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change are investigated. Micro-generation is not often considered by energy companies when it comes to planning their generation strategies and was therefore of particular relevance to this research. As such Chapter 6 identifies the importance that the public places on this particular energy option and how it compares with their preferences towards other key energy and climate change policies of the UK. To analyse reliability of the results and to contribute to the theoretical field of stated preference valuation, each of the experiments contained two overlapping attributes, i.e. increase in level of micro-generation and an increase in total cost to a household, comparison of which was also carried out in Chapter 6. Finally in Chapter 7 the results found in the sections described above are discussed with reference to the policy background in the UK and Scotland. Also issues with the research and areas for further study are identified.

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Theroude, Vincent. "Rules and Efficiency in collective choices : an experimental approach". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2043/document.

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Cette thèse contient trois essais sur la coopération, mesurée à travers les contributions dans le jeu du bien public.Dans le premier chapitre, je propose une revue de la littérature sur l’hétérogénéité dans les jeux de bienpublic linéaires. Je distingue deux types d’hétérogénéité : l’hétérogénéité en dotation et l’hétérogénéité en rendement du bien public (c’est-à-dire en MPCR). Malgré un conflit normatif exacerbé, les agents hétérogènes contribuent autant au bien public que des agents homogènes. Sont-ils en mesure d’utiliser des mécanismes pour atteindre l’efficience (une provision complète du bien public) ? Mes résultats sont nuancés. Les agents hétérogènes en dotation sont capables de "s’autogouverner" et d’atteindre l’efficiencetandis que les agents hétérogènes en MPCR ne parviennent pas parfaitement à surmonter le problème de la sous-provision du bien public.Dans le deuxième chapitre, co-écrit avec Adam Zylbersztejn, nous étudions les effets d’un risque environnemental sur la coopération. Nous appelons risque environnemental une situation dans laquelle le rendement du bien public est risqué au moment de la décision. Nous considérons, dans notre expérience, deux types de risque : un risque individuel (le MPCR est déterminé indépendamment pour chaque membre du groupe) et un risque collectif (le MPCR est le même pour chaque membre du groupe). Nous constatons que le risque n’affecte pas la coopération : les sujets ne contribuent pas différemment au bien public lorsque le MPCR est certain ou lorsqu’il est risqué.Dans le troisième chapitre, j’examine les effets d’un mécanisme fondé sur la compétition intragroupe pour financer des biens publics. Dans mon expérience, les agents sont en compétition pour obtenir un MPCR plus élevé. Le rang dans la compétition - et donc le MPCR - dépend de la façon dont la contribution d’une personne se classe au sein de son groupe. Je trouve que la compétition n’améliore la provision des biens publics que lorsqu’elle ne génère pas d’inégalités trop importantes
This thesis contains three essays on cooperation, observed through the contributions in the Public Good Game. In the first chapter, I survey the literature on heterogeneity in linear Public Good Games. I distinguish two kinds of heterogeneity: heterogeneity in endowment and heterogeneity in return from the public good (i.e. MPCR). Despite a normative conflict exacerbated, heterogeneous agents contribute as much as homogeneous agents to the public good. Are they able to use mechanisms to reach efficiency (i.e. a full provision of the public good)? I find mixed evidence. Agents heterogeneous in endowment are able to govern themselves and to reach efficiency while agents heterogeneous in MPCR do not perfectly overcome the underprovision problem.In the second chapter, co-written with Adam Zylbersztejn, we investigate the effects of environmental risk on cooperation. We call an environmental risk a situation in which the return of the public good is risky at the time of the decision. We consider, in our experiment, two kinds of risk: an individual one (i.e. the MPCR is determined independently for each group member) and a collective one (i.e. the MPCR is the same for each group member). We find that risk does not affect cooperation: subjects do not contribute to the public good differently when the MPCR is certain or when it is risky.In the third chapter, I investigate the effects of a mechanism based on within-group competition to provide public goods. In my experimental treatments, agents compete for a higher MPCR from the public good. The rank in the competition - and therefore the MPCR - depends on how one’s contribution ranks within the group. I find that competition improves public goods provision only when it does not generate too large inequalities

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Dessertenne, Patrick. "Caracterisation de certaines fonctions de choix social par une approche de type probabiliste". Caen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CAEN0557.

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La plupart des tentatives effectuees en theorie du choix social pour agreger les preferences individuelles en une preference collective unique, sous certaines conditions naturelles imposees a priori conduisent de fait a une solution de type dictatorial. A partir de ce constat, on peut dresser tout d'abord une typologie des diverses procedures dictatoriales, puis recherche r des procedures optimales dans ce cadre, ou au moins acceptables au vu de certains criteres tels que la coherence, la democratie ou l'efficacite.

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Libros sobre el tema "Social choice approch"

Tullock, Gordon. On voting: A public choice approach. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1998.

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Mueller, Dennis C. The public choice approach to politics. Aldershot, Hants, England: E. Elgar, 1993.

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Kilduff, Martin. "A dispositional approach to social networks: The case of organisational choice". Fontainbleau: INSEAD, 1986.

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Ansgar, Belke, ed. The different extent of privatisation proceeds in EU countries: A preliminary explanation using a public choice approach. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.

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Leonard, Webb Adrian, ed. The economic approach to social policy. Brighton, Sussex: Wheatsheaf Books, 1986.

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Frohlich, Norman. Choosing Justice: An Experimental Approach to Ethical Theory. Berkeley, USA: University of California Press, 1992.

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Demirbas, Dilek. What should be the role of the state in the 21st century in the LDCs from the alternative public choice perspective that starts from Schumpeter?: Realistic public choice approach. Leicester: University of Leicester, Public Sector Economics Research Centre, 1998.

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Zablotsky, Edgardo Enrique. A public choice approach to military coups d'etat. Buenos Aires: C.E.M.A., 1992.

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An evolutionary approach to social welfare. London: Routledge, 2003.

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E, Klima Richard, ed. The mathematics of voting and elections: A hands-on approach. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2005.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Social choice approch"

Busetto, Francesca, Giulio Codognato y Simone Tonin. "Nondictatorial Arrovian Social Welfare Functions: An Integer Programming Approach". En Studies in Choice and Welfare, 149–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46439-7_10.

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Dimitrov, Dinko. "The Social Choice Approach to Group Identification". En Consensual Processes, 123–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20533-0_7.

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Chimbutane, Feliciano, Johanna Ennser-Kananen y Sonja Kosunen. "The Socio-Material Value of Language Choices in Mozambique and Finland". En New Materialist Explorations into Language Education, 111–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13847-8_7.

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AbstractThis chapter explores parental choice of language programs from a socio-material standpoint. It uses a DeleuzoGuattarian framework of smooth and striated spaces to understand how parents in Mozambique and Finland position themselves when making choices concerning their children’s language education. We analyzed interviews from Finland and focus groups and policy documents from Mozambique to understand the materialities and social discourses that constitute parental choice. We found that in Finland, materiality as a physical space (e.g., school location) factored into caregivers’ decision making when selecting schools for their children. In Mozambique, in turn, materiality as socioeconomic stability or advancement was a recurring theme. In the Mozambican context income and educational outcome (associated with Portuguese) were important factors for school/language choice, whereas in Finland social distinction was key. Based on our analysis, we draw conclusions about the nature of choice, arguing that a socio-material approach and the concept of assemblage are well-suited to understand the complexity of it.

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Schober, Pia S. "Going Regional: Local Childcare Provision and Parental Work–Care Choices in Germany". En The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 485–509. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_19.

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AbstractThis chapter argues that analyzing regional and local institutional variations has great potential for generating new insights on the drivers of family policy reforms as well as on mechanisms how policies affect families’ choices and well-being. Drawing on the case of Germany and focusing on early childhood education and care (ECEC) services, this chapter first describes regional variations in ECEC provision and take-up. It then reviews theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence on drivers of regional policy variations. Next, the chapter proposes a framework for investigating socially stratified work–care choices of parents at subnational levels by connecting a macro–micro rational choice perspective with the capability approach and the accommodation model of childcare choices. After reviewing the evidence on the effects of regional ECEC variations on social inequalities in take-up, maternal employment, and work–family balance, the chapter concludes by pointing to research gaps and new frontiers of regional family policy analysis.

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Vo, Dinh-Huy, Anh-Khoa Do-Vo, Tram-Anh Nguyen-Thi y Huu-Thanh Duong. "An Approach for Multiple Choice Question Answering System". En Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 76–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92942-8_7.

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Eklund, Patrik, Mario Fedrizzi y Hannu Nurmi. "A Categorical Approach to the Extension of Social Choice Functions". En Communications in Computer and Information Science, 261–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14058-7_26.

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Bisquert, Pierre, Madalina Croitoru y Nikos Karanikolas. "A Qualitative Decision-Making Approach Overlapping Argumentation and Social Choice". En Algorithmic Decision Theory, 344–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67504-6_25.

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Opp, Karl-Dieter. "The Research Program of the Rational Choice Approach: A Reconstruction". En Methods, Theories, and Empirical Applications in the Social Sciences, 19–26. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-18898-0_3.

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Chang, Shuang, Manabu Ichikawa y Hiroshi Deguchi. "Understanding Citizens’ Channel Choice of Public Service Delivery: An Agent-Based Simulation Approach". En Advances in Computational Social Science, 31–46. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54847-8_3.

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Kovács, Dániel L. "Virtual Games: A New Approach to Implementation of Social Choice Rules". En Multi-Agent Systems and Applications IV, 266–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11559221_27.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Social choice approch"

Fatimah, Fatia, Dedi Rosadi, R. B. Fajriya Hakim y Jose Carlos R. Alcantud. "A social choice approach to graded soft sets". En 2017 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2017.8015428.

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He, Lin y Wei Chen. "Incorporating Social Impact on New Product Adoption in Choice Modeling: A Case Study in Green Vehicles". En ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71123.

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While discrete choice analysis is prevalent in capturing consumers’ preferences and describing their choice behaviors in product design, the traditional choice modeling approach assumes that each individual makes independent decisions, without considering the social impact. However, empirical studies show that choice is social — influenced by many factors beyond engineering performance of a product and consumer attributes. To alleviate this limitation, we propose a new choice modeling framework to capture the dynamic influence from social network on consumer adoption of new products. By introducing the social influence attributes into the choice utility function, the social network simulation is integrated with the traditional discrete choice analysis in a three-stage process. Our study shows the need for considering social impact in forecasting new product adoption. Using hybrid electric vehicle as an example, our work illustrates the procedure of social network construction, social influence evaluation, and choice model estimation based on data from National Household Travel Survey. Our study also demonstrates several interesting findings on the dynamic nature of new technology adoption and how social network may influence consumers’ “green attitude” in hybrid electric vehicle adoption.

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Gurbuz, Tuncay. "A Social Choice Function approach for multi-criteria group decision making process". En 2011 2nd IEEE International Conference on Emergency Management and Management Sciences (ICEMMS). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icemms.2011.6015806.

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Lu, Yanping. "Out of Multiple-Choice-Test-Oriented Education--to Production-Oriented Approach". En Asia-Pacific Social Science and Modern Education Conference (SSME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssme-18.2018.17.

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Chatterjee, Subarna, Subhadeep Sarkar y Sudip Misra. "Quantification of node misbehavior in wireless sensor networks: A social choice-based approach". En 2015 ICC - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccw.2015.7247388.

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Pescatore, C. y A. Va´ri. "The Stepwise Approach to Decision Making for Long-Term Radioactive Waste Management: Activities of the OECD/NEA Forum on Stakeholder Confidence". En ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4959.

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The context of long-term radioactive waste management is being shaped by changes in modern society. Values such as health, environmental protection and safety are increasingly important in our society, demanding new forms of risk governance in dealing with hazardous activities. These changes necessitate, in turn, new forms of dialogue and decision-making processes that include a large number of stakeholders. The development and implementation of radioactive waste management schemes take place over a long time scale, on the order of decades. In this complex context, a “decision” no longer means opting, in one go and for all time, for a complete package solution. Instead, a decision is one step in an overall, cautious process of examining and making choices that preserve the safety and well-being of the present generation and the coming ones while not needlessly depriving the latter of their right of choice. Consideration is thus increasingly being given to concepts such as “stepwise decision making” and “adaptive staging” in which the public, and especially the most affected local public, are meaningfully involved in the planning process. This paper is based on the work of the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence. It reviews the current developments regarding the stepwise approach with the aim to pinpoint where it stands, to highlight its societal dimensions, to analyse its roots in social sciences, and to identify guiding principles and issues in implementation.

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Allouche, Tahar, Bruno Escoffier, Stefano Moretti y Meltem Öztürk. "Social Ranking Manipulability for the CP-Majority, Banzhaf and Lexicographic Excellence Solutions". En Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/3.

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We investigate the issue of manipulability for social ranking rules, where the goal is to rank individuals given the ranking of coalitions formed by them and each individual prefers to reach the highest positions in the social ranking. This problem lies at the intersection of computational social choice and the algorithmic theory of power indices. Different social ranking rules have been recently proposed and studied from an axiomatic point of view. In this paper, we focus on rules representing three classical approaches in social choice theory: the marginal contribution approach, the lexicographic approach and the (ceteris paribus) majority one. We first consider some particular members of these families analysing their resistance to a malicious behaviour of individuals. Then, we analyze the computational complexity of manipulation, and complete our theoretical results with simulations in order to analyse the manipulation frequencies and to assess the effects of manipulations.

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Silva, Vanessa B. S. y Danielle C. Morais. "A new voting procedure to support participatory budgeting: An approach based on the fuzzy social choice". En 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics - SMC. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2011.6084159.

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Herbin, Michel, Amine Aït Younes y Frédéric Blanchard. "A new way for the exploration of a dataset based on a social choice inspired approach". En 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15439/2016f453.

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Vasilieva, Anastasia. "INTEGRATED APPROACH TO ASSESS THE CHARACTERISTICS OF JOBS IN THE CHOICE OF THE OBJECTIVE CRITERION OF PERFORMANCE". En 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb11/s03.082.

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Informes sobre el tema "Social choice approch"

Hendren, Nathaniel, Camille Landais y Johannes Spinnewijn. Choice in Insurance Markets: A Pigouvian Approach to Social Insurance Design. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, septiembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27842.

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Martínez, Déborah, Cristina Parilli, Carlos Scartascini y Alberto Simpser. Let's (Not) Get Together!: The Role of Social Norms in Social Distancing during COVID-19. Inter-American Development Bank, febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003044.

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While effective preventive measures against COVID-19 are now widely known, many individuals fail to adopt them. This paper provides experimental evidence about one potentially important driver of compliance with social distancing: social norms. We asked each of 23,000 survey respondents in Mexico to predict how a fictional person would behave when faced with the choice about whether or not to attend a friend's birthday gathering. Every respondent was randomly assigned to one of four social norms conditions. Expecting that other people would attend the gathering and/or believing that other people approved of attending the gathering both increased the predicted probability that the fictional character would attend the gathering by 25% in comparison with a scenario where other people were not expected to attend nor to approve of attending. Our results speak to the potential effects of communication campaigns and media coverage of, compliance with, and normative views about COVID-19 preventive measures. They also suggest that policies aimed at modifying social norms or making existing ones salient could impact compliance.

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Sabogal-Cardona, Orlando, Lynn Scholl, Daniel Oviedo, Amado Crotte y Felipe Bedoya. Not My Usual Trip: Ride-hailing Characterization in Mexico City. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003516.

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With a few exceptions, research on ride-hailing has focused on North American cities. Previous studies have identified the characteristics and preferences of ride-hailing adopters in a handful of cities. However, given their marked geographical focus, the relevance and applicability of such work to the practice of transport planning and regulation in cities in the Global South is minimal. In developing cities, the entrance of new transport services follows very different trajectories to those in North America and Europe, facing additional social, economic, and cultural challenges, and involving different strategies. Moreover, the determinants of mode choice might be mediated by social issues such as the perception of crime and the risk of sexual harassment in public transportation, which is often experienced by women in large cities such as Mexico. This paper examines ride-hailing in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City, unpacking the characteristics of its users, the ways they differ from users of other transport modes, and the implications for urban mobility. Building on the household travel survey from 2017, our analytical approach is based on a set of categorical models. Findings suggest that gender, age, education, and being more mobile are determinants of ride-hailing adoption. The analysis shows that ride-hailing is used for occasional trips, and it is usually done for leisure and health trips as well as for night trips. The study also reflects on ride-hailings implications for the way women access the city.

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Shaheen, Susan, Elliot Shaheen, Adam Cohen, Jacquelyn Broader y Richard Davis. Managing the Curb: Understanding the Impacts of On-Demand Mobility on Public Transit, Micromobility, and Pedestrians. Mineta Transportation Institute, julio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1904.

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In recent years, innovative mobility and shifts in travel and consumption behavior are changing how people access and use the curb. Shared mobility—the shared use of a vehicle, bicycle, scooter, or other mode—coupled with outdoor dining, curbside pick-up, and robotic delivery are creating new needs related to the planning, management, and enforcement of curb access. This study examines curb planning and management from several angles, such as safety, social equity, and multimodal connections. This research employs a multi-method approach to identify the changing needs for curb space management and how to meet these needs through new planning and implementation policies and strategies. As part of this study, the authors conducted 23 interviews. Respondents were chosen to represent public, private, and non-profit sector perspectives. Additionally, the authors employed a survey of 1,033 curb users and 241 taxi, transportation network company (TNC), and public transportation drivers. The study finds that changes in mode choice and curbside use can result in a variety of impacts on access, social equity, congestion, device management, pick-up and drop-off, and goods delivery, to name a few. The curb also has the potential to be disrupted by emerging modes, such as robotic delivery vehicles (also known as personal delivery devices) and automated vehicles. As these emerging developments continue to impact the curb, it is becoming increasingly important for policymakers to have an appropriate framework for planning and managing curb space in urban areas.

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Prisacariu, Roxana. Swiss immigrants’ integration policy as inspiration for the Romanian Roma inclusion strategy. Fribourg (Switzerland): IFF, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51363/unifr.diff.2015.05.

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While the knowledge on immigrants’ integration consolidated through the last 50 years, the Roma studies and the research on the Roma inclusion seems at the beginning. The purpose of this research was to assess if and to what extent the Swiss experience in immigrants’ integration may inspire an efficient approach to Roma inclusion in the Romanian society. After highlighting conceptual vagueness, resemblance and difference in the overall social status of Romanian Roma and immigrants in Switzerland and official approaches to the integration or inclusion of each, the research concludes that the Romanian policy on Roma inclusion presumably can be better anchored in the integration conceptual framework and benefit from immigrants’ integration experience. The Romanian choice for framing its Roma policy as ‘inclusion’ rather than for ‘integration’ may be appropriate as it applies to a historic minority of citizens needing social justice. The use of an immigration integration policy as model for a Roma inclusion strategy is limited due to the stronger legit-imation of historic minorities for shared-ownership of public decision-making. That is the Swiss example of immigrants’ integration could only serve Romania as a minimum standard for its Roma inclusion strategy. It can benefit from the Swiss experience on immigrant's integration policy in terms of conception, coordination, monitoring and transparency may be beneficial, while the Roma political participation may find inspiration from the Swiss linguistic communities’ participatory mechanisms. The on-going reciprocal learning process connecting academia and public authorities able to transform science into action and experience in knowledge may inspire the Romanian authorities.

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Gruson-Daniel, Célya y Maya Anderson-González. Étude exploratoire sur la « recherche sur la recherche » : acteurs et approches. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, noviembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/24.

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• Introduction Dans le cadre du deuxième Plan National de la Science Ouverte, le Comité pour la science ouverte a souhaité mener une étude pour la préfiguration d’un Lab de la science ouverte (LabSO) afin de mieux comprendre le périmètre de la recherche sur la recherche (research on research) dans un contexte international. • Objectifs de l’étude : L’étude répond ainsi à trois objectifs : 1. repérer des grands courants de recherche sur la recherche (RoR) dans le paysage plus général de la recherche universitaire en Europe et outre-atlantique, en reconnaître les principaux acteurs institutionnels et différencier les approches mobilisées par les uns et les autres ; 2. proposer une méthodologie d’analyse dans une démarche de science ouverte (méthodes mixtes et cartographie numérique) pour faciliter l’appropriation de son contenu ; 3. émettre des recommandations pour faciliter le positionnement du LabSO et s’inspirer d’initiatives existantes. • Méthodologie Une série de treize entretiens et une collecte de données d’une sélection thématique de sites web ont permis de dresser un paysage d’acteurs et d’approches impliqués dans des recherches sur la recherche. Ce dernier s’est nourri d’une démarche de cartographie numérique pour repérer et visualiser les liens existants entre différentes communautés, mouvements, réseaux et initiatives (financeurs, projets, centres de recherche, fournisseurs de données, éditeurs, etc.). • Résultats Le rapport présente différents courants de « recherche sur la recherche » issus des traditions théoriques et méthodologiques de la sociologie, de l’économie, des sciences politiques, de la philosophie, des sciences de l’information et des mesures (biblio/scientométrie). Des courants plus récents sont aussi décrits. Ils s’inscrivent dans un contexte de politiques publiques favorables à la science ouverte et ont émergé dans le champ des sciences sociales computationnelles, des Big Data ou encore des domaines biomédicaux. Si certaines de ces approches s’appuient sur des courants académiques (STS, sciences des mesures) établis depuis de nombreuses décennies, d’autres comme ceux de la « métascience » ou de la « science de la science », se sont structurées plus récemment avec une visée prescriptive et de changement fondé sur des preuves (evidence-based) se basant sur un engagement normatif pour une science plus ouverte, inclusive et diverse. Bien loin d’un paysage statique, l’étude fait ressortir des recherches en mouvement, des débats tout autant que des mises en garde afin que certains courants « ne réinventent pas la roue » en faisant fit d’une longue tradition académique de l’étude des sciences et de la production scientifiques. De nouvelles alliances entre centres de recherche et laboratoires, institutions subventionnaires, décideurs politiques et fournisseurs de données ont été repérées. Elles participent à une dynamique actuelle d’équipement des politiques publiques par des outils d’évaluation et des protocoles de recherche pour guider les actions menées, on parle d’évidence-based policies. Un des exemples les plus récents étant laa seconde feuille de route du RoRI1 poussant notamment à la formation d’un réseau international d’instituts de recherche sur la recherche, fondé sur le partage et la mutualisation de données, de méthodes et d’outils. Outre la présentation de ces différents acteurs et courants, le rapport pointe le rôle joué par les infrastructures et les fournisseurs de données scientifiques (publications, données, métadonnées, citations, etc.) dans la structuration de ce paysage et les équilibres à trouver. • Recommandations 1. Accompagner la construction d’indicateurs et de métriques par le biais d’un regard critique et de discussions collectives pour mesurer leurs impacts sur les comportements des professionnels de la recherche (mésusages, gaming). 2. Porter attention aux étapes de diffusion des résultats scientifiques issus des « recherches sur la recherche » pour les adapter aux différents publics ciblés (chercheurs, responsables des politiques publiques de recherche, journalistes, etc.). 3. Articuler les travaux de « recherche sur la recherche » avec une démarche de science ouverte en questionnant notamment les choix faits concernant les fournisseurs de données, les infrastructures et outils d’évaluation, de découvrabilité et d’analyse de la production scientifique (gouvernance, utilisation des données, etc.). 4. Soutenir les approches thématiques et transversales plutôt que disciplinaire de manière collaborative entre les différents membres du Lab de la science ouverte et aider le dialogue entre les différentes approches et mouvements (STS, research on research, science of science, scientométrie, etc.)

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What can be done to foster multisectoral population policies? Summary report of a seminar. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1998.1002.

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The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo was a watershed moment in the definition of population policies. The meeting put an end to the unproductive debate on which is more instrumental in achieving voluntary fertility decline: providing family planning (FP) services or improving social and economic development. The answer was that both are essential. The Cairo meeting also defined the most desirable services and the kind of development that was most empowering, particularly with respect to achieving reproductive choice. Despite this strong dual message from Cairo, only the call for a move away from a narrow vision of FP services to a broader client-centered reproductive health approach is widely understood. The second and equally important theme—What kind of development?—has received considerably less attention. The Overseas Development Council and the Population Council collaborated in May 1997 to host a discussion of this issue. Seventy people spoke about the promise of this idea and the frustrations in moving it forward. This report assists in a broadening conceptualization of population and attests to the value of embedding population policies within a human development framework.

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