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Lluscà, Marta, Aldrin Antony, and Joan Bertomeu. "Growth and Properties of ZnO:Al on Textured Glass for Thin Film Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/406495.
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Aluminium induced texturing (AIT) method has been used to texture glass substrates in order to enhance the photon absorption in thin film solar cells. The resultant glass roughness has been analyzed by varying the AIT process parameters and it has been found that the deposition method of Al is a decisive factor in tuning the texture. Two types of textures, a soft (texture E) and a rough texture (texture S), were achieved from the thermally evaporated and sputtered Al layers through AIT process. Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) layers of different thickness were deposited over both textures and over smooth glass. Haze values above 30% were obtained for texture S + AZO and above 10% for texture E + AZO. The resultant morphologies were free from sharp edges or deep valleys and the transparency and the resistivity values were also good enough to be used as front contact for thin film solar cells. In order to demonstrate the light absorption enhancement in a solar cell device, 200 nm of a-Si:H followed by 300 nm of Ag were grown over the textured and smooth substrates with AZO, and an optical absorption enhancement of 35% for texture E and 53% for texture S was obtained in comparison to the smooth substrate.
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Cadoret, G., and A. M. Smith. "Friction, not texture, dictates grip forces used during object manipulation." Journal of Neurophysiology 75, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 1963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.5.1963.
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1. Three men and seven women, 25-40 yr of age, were asked to use the thumb and index fingers to grasp, lift, and hold the armature of a linear motor generating a 2.0-N opposing force (simulating an object weighing approximately 200 g) for 2 s. The surface in contact with the fingers was composed of smooth or polyamide plastic etched with 1.0-mm high Braille beads separated at 2.0- or 3.0-mm intervals measured from apex to apex. The surfaces were left either untreated or coated with talc, water, or sucrose films designed to change the coefficient of friction with the skin. Talc reduced the coefficient of friction, whereas water and sucrose both increased the friction against the skin. In all, 12 surface conditions were used to evaluate the effects of texture and friction on the grip force during lifting and holding. 2. For all subjects the inverse coefficient of friction was associated with proportionately scaled increases in grip force, regardless of surface texture. The peak lifting force as well as the static force used to hold the object stationary were significantly correlated with the inverse of the coefficient of friction. When coatings were applied to dissimilar surface textures to produce similar coefficients of friction, the grip force profiles were nearly identical. When strong adhesives increased the friction of the smooth surface compared with textured surfaces, grip forces decreased as friction increased. That is, although the untreated smooth surface had less friction than either of the two textured surfaces, the addition of sucrose increased the smooth surface friction to a higher level than either of the similarly treated textured surfaces. As a result, the effect of surface friction could be dissociated from the effect of either surface texture or coating. Friction appears to be a more important factor in determining the grip force than either texture or surface films at least for the range of textures and coatings examined in this study.
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Ardani, Ahmad. "Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Texturing Methods." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1544, no. 1 (January 1996): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196154400103.
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The testing and construction details of nine test sections with varying textural characteristics are described. The effects of the textures on the frictional and noise characteristics of the pavement surface were examined. Skid numbers were acquired according to ASTM E274 with ribbed and smooth tires at 65, 80, and 105 km/hr for all sections. Six types of texture-measuring devices were used to measure and compare the amount of texture in each section. To examine the noise properties of the test sections, noise data were required in three locations: inside the vehicle, 25 ft from the centerline, and near the right rear tire of the vehicle. The smooth tire showed more sensitivity to micro- and macrotexture than the ribbed tire, and longitudinal textures were quieter than transverse textures.
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Merriman, T., and J. Kannel. "Analyses of the Role of Surface Roughness on Contact Stresses Between Elastic Cylinders With and Without Soft Surface Coating." Journal of Tribology 111, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261883.
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The paper presents a theory for contact stresses between a smooth and rough elastic cylinder. Three types of primary surface textures are considered: a peaked surface texture, a normal surface texture, and a grooved surface texture. The predicted contact stresses between a smooth and a rough surface are considerably higher than would be predicted by Hertz theory for smooth contact. In addition, when the rough surface has high peak asperities the contact stresses are higher than when the rough surface is grooved even though the average roughness is the same. A soft layer on the smooth surface can reduce the magnitude of the peak stresses.
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Zhang, Zixin, Zhuangzhuang Chu, and Xuli Zhu. "Frictional effect of spherical convex textured rigid bodies sliding on smooth PDMS." E3S Web of Conferences 145 (2020): 02055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014502055.
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Surface texturing was applied to flexible friction couples to improve their tribological behavior. Spherical convex texture was fabricated on the surface of photosensitive resin by stereolithography (SLA), the friction coefficient between the textured resin sample and smooth polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) under the conditions of low sliding speed and dry friction was measured using a self-made frictional test bench. It was found that surface texture is capable of reducing friction at low applied normal load compared with the non textured friction couple, as well as increasing friction at high load, in addition, smaller texture radii tend to increase friction. At last, the friction mechanism of the textured flexible friction couple was discussed by establishing a mechanical model.
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Carney, Elizabeth, Kameron Moding, Susan Johnson, and Jennifer Fisher. "Effects of Texture on Vegetable Acceptance During Infancy and Toddlerhood." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_024.
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Abstract Objectives Limited evidence suggests that the timing of introduction to food texture may be important for early food acceptance patterns, but little is known about developmental shifts in children's acceptance of varying textures. Methods This research evaluated acceptance of varying textures of a single vegetable among children (n = 57, 46% female, 86% black) aged 6–11 months (n = 13), 12–23 months (n = 29), and 24–36 months (n = 15). Caregivers were videotaped feeding their child 4 different textures of potatoes (smooth puree, lumpy puree, diced, large pieces (i.e., French Fries) in a randomized order; children <12 months were only given purees. Caregivers were instructed to offer each texture until the child accepted 2 bites or refused 3 times. Trained coders reviewed each offer and dichotomized children's response to each potato texture as accepted (2 accepted bites) or rejected (3 refusals), with 97% agreement between 2 coders. Chi-square analysis was conducted for each age group to test if acceptance of the potatoes differed by texture. Results Children, on average, accepted 80% of all bites offered, with notable differences by type of texture (smooth = 68%, lumpy = 76%, diced = 89%, large pieces = 93%). Acceptance of potatoes did not differ by texture among 6- to 11-month-olds or 12- to 23-month-olds, but differed among 24- to 36-month-olds (χ2 = 12.86, P = 0.005), with a greater than expected number of children rejecting the smooth puree (47% rejected vs. 33%, 7%, 0% for lumpy, diced, and large pieces, respectively; standardized residual = 2.1). Conclusions A developmental shift in texture rejection in vegetables may occur between infancy and toddlerhood, with greater rejection of smooth puree noted among older toddlers (24–36 months). Funding Sources None.
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Wang, Guodong, Zhenkuan Pan, Qian Dong, Ximei Zhao, Zhimei Zhang, and Jinming Duan. "Unsupervised Texture Segmentation Using Active Contour Model and Oscillating Information." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/614613.
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Textures often occur in real-world images and may cause considerable difficulties in image segmentation. In order to segment texture images, we propose a new segmentation model that combines image decomposition model and active contour model. The former model is capable of decomposing structural and oscillating components separately from texture image, and the latter model can be used to provide smooth segmentation contour. In detail, we just replace the data term of piecewise constant/smooth approximation in CCV (convex Chan-Vese) model with that of image decomposition model-VO (Vese-Osher). Therefore, our proposed model can estimate both structural and oscillating components of texture images as well as segment textures simultaneously. In addition, we design fast Split-Bregman algorithm for our proposed model. Finally, the performance of our method is demonstrated by segmenting some synthetic and real texture images.
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Zhang, Na, Fazhan Yang, Fulin Jiang, and Guohua Liu. "Study of the effect of surface laser texture on tribological properties of cemented carbide materials." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 6-7 (January 30, 2020): 993–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419896116.
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Surface texturing has become a potential method to obtain a low friction coefficient under dry/lubricated conditions for different mechanical product surfaces. The mechanism of friction and wear reduction from a micro-texture on the surface of cemented carbide cutting tools was investigated by dry cutting a titanium alloy. Three kinds of micro-textures, namely, line, sinusoidal and rhombic grooves, with different area occupancy rates were produced by a laser on the cemented carbide surface. Experiments and finite element simulation of ABAQUS were used to investigate the tribological characteristics of micro-textured cemented carbide. The results indicated that the line-textured cemented carbide with an area occupancy rate of 10% showed a low friction coefficient of 0.076, which is approximately 34% of the non-textured sample. Few adhesives appeared on the textured surface, while a large number of adhesives were attached to the smooth surface after 30 min of dry friction between the cemented carbide and the titanium alloy balls. Moreover, among the three textures, the line-groove texture has the smallest friction coefficient and a good anti-wear effect. The results show that the existence of a groove texture can effectively reserve the wear debris, reduce the bond wear and weaken the furrow effect.
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Tong, Xin, Shucai Yang, Xianli Liu, Weiwei Liu, and Chunsheng He. "Friction, wear, and fatigue analysis for micro-textured cemented carbide." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 17 (July 10, 2019): 5989–6004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219862588.
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In the research regarding laser-processed micro-textured carbide tool surfaces, there remains a lack of research on the relationship between micro-textured preparation processes and the degree of fatigue wear experienced by micro-textured surfaces. To study the effect of a laser-textured surface on the friction and wear properties of friction pairs, it first of all conducted friction and wear tests to obtain optimal processing parameters. By using a scanning electron microscope, the fatigue wear mechanism for a micro-textured surface was observed. Experimental results based on fatigue wear theory show that a micro-textured surface phase has better fatigue resistance than a smooth surface. Under the same friction conditions and selected test parameters, a micro-textured surface phase can reduce the maximum fatigue and friction wear of a smooth surface by 38.4%. This study provides a theoretical basis and source of reference for the rational formulation of micro-texture parameters and improvements in the performance of micro-textures during cutting processes.
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Du, Hongwei, Yunfeng Zhang, Fangxun Bao, Ping Wang, and Caiming Zhang. "A Texture Preserving Image Interpolation Algorithm Based on Rational Function." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 9, no. 2 (April 2018): 36–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2018040103.
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In this article, a type of bivariate rational interpolation function is constructed for preserving image texture structure, which integrates polynomial functions with a rational function. On the basis of this model, an image interpolation algorithm for texture preserving is proposed. First, an isoline method is employed to detect the image texture, and then the image can be divided into texture regions and smooth regions adaptively. Second, the smooth region and the textured region are interpolated by the polynomial model and the rational model, respectively. Finally, in order to preserve image texture direction, an objective function based on the gradient is constructed, and the weight of the correlation point is calculated, and the pixel value of the interpolation point is determined by convolution. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves good competitive performance compared with the state-of-the-art interpolation algorithms, especially in preserving image details and edge structure.
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Aliaga, D. G., and A. A. Lastra. "Smooth transitions in texture-based simplification." Computers & Graphics 22, no. 1 (February 1998): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0097-8493(97)00084-8.
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Ma, Chenbo, Yanjun Duan, Bo Yu, Jianjun Sun, and Qiaoan Tu. "The comprehensive effect of surface texture and roughness under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 231, no. 10 (February 8, 2017): 1307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117693146.
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A theoretical study is carried out to investigate the comprehensive effect of the machined roughness and fabricated textures, by solving the average Reynolds equation coupled with a mass-conservative cavitation algorithm and taking into account asperity contact. We analyzed the influence of surface roughness, which is represented by the combined root-mean-square roughness σ and surface pattern parameter γ on the optimum texture parameters including the dimple depth-over-diameter ratio and area density under hydrodynamic and mixed lubrication conditions. The results show that the effect of surface roughness on load-carrying capacity can be ignored under hydrodynamic lubrication condition. Furthermore, the optimum texture parameters under hydrodynamic lubrication condition and the optimum dimple depth-over-diameter ratio under mixed lubrication condition are determined at minimized friction coefficient, which can be taken as the same for smooth-textured surface and rough-textured surface. The corresponding minimum friction coefficient increases with increasing σ and γ, and decreasing dimple area density under mixed lubrication condition.
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Zhou, Jian, and Jianli Liu. "Segmentation of defects in textile fabric with robust texture representation and total variation." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 6 (April 28, 2020): 813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-10-2019-0157.
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PurposeVisual quality control on raw textile fabrics is a vital process in weaving factories to ensure their exterior quality (visual defects or imperfection) satisfying customer requirements. Commonly, this critical process is manually conducted by human inspectors, which can hardly provide a fast and reliable inspection results due to fatigue and subjective errors. To meet modern production needs, it is highly demanded to develop an automated defect inspection system by replacing human eyes with computer vision.Design/methodology/approachAs a structural texture, fabric textures can be effectively represented by a linearly summation of basic elements (dictionary). To create a robust representation of a fabric texture in an unsupervised manner, a smooth constraint is imposed on dictionary learning model. Such representation is robust to defects when using it to recover a defective image. Thus an abnormal map (likelihood of defective regions) can be computed by measuring similarity between recovered version and itself. Finally, the total variation (TV) based model is built to segment defects on the abnormal map.FindingsDifferent from traditional dictionary learning method, a smooth constraint is introduced in dictionary learning that not only able to create a robust representation for fabric textures but also avoid the selection of dictionary size. In addition, a TV based model is designed according to defects' characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate that (1) the dictionary with smooth constraint can generate a more robust representation of fabric textures compared to traditional dictionary; (2) the TV based model can achieve a robust and good segmentation result.Originality/valueThe major originality of the proposed method are: (1) Dictionary size can be set as a constant instead of selecting it empirically; (2) The total variation based model is built, which can enhance less salient defects, improving segmentation performance significantly.
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Deng, Danjun. "Smooth Stitching Method for the Texture Seams of Remote Sensing Images Based on Gradient Structure Information." Processes 9, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101689.
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Traditional smooth stitching method for the texture seams of remote sensing images is affected by gradient structure information, leading to poor stitching effect. Therefore, a smooth stitching method for the texture seams of remote sensing images based on gradient structure information is proposed in this research. By matching the feature points of remote sensing images and introducing a block link constraint and shape distortion constraint, the modified stitching image is obtained. By using remote sensing image fusion, the smooth stitching image of texture seams is obtained, and the local overlapping area of the texture is optimized. The main direction of texture seams is determined by calculating the gradient structure information of texture seams in horizontal and vertical directions. By selecting the initial point, the optimal stitching line is extracted by using the minimum mean value of the cumulative error of the smooth stitching line. By using the method of boundary correlation constraints, matching the feature points of the texture seams of remote sensing images and selecting the best matching pair, a smooth stitching algorithm for the texture seams of remote sensing image is designed, which realizes the smooth stitching of the texture seams of remote sensing images. Experimental results show that the design method has good performance in stitching accuracy and efficiency in the smooth stitching of the texture seams of remote sensing images. Specifically, the Liu et al. and the Zhang et al. methods that are the benchmark studies in the literature are introduced as a comparison, and the stitching experiment is carried out. The test is carried out according to accuracy and time and the proposed method achieves better results by almost 25%.
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Bao, X., G. Q. Zhou, T. Yue, H. Y. Wang, W. X. Zhang, Y. S. Huang, and J. S. Ni. "RESEARCH ON 3D BUILDING VISUALIZATION BASED ON TEXTURE SIMPLIFICATION AND FRACTAL COMPRESSION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 7, 2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-179-2020.
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Abstract. There are some problems in the visualization of 3D model of buildings at present, such as redundant texture data and large memory occupation of loading texture data, which pose challenges to the smooth loading of 3D building visualization. In this paper, we propose a method which using fractal quadtrees to simplify texture data and compress management. Firstly, this method uses the fractal self-similarity and the feature that the same texture has the same fractal dimension to screen all the textures, when the fractal dimension of multiple textures is within the threshold range. Radon transform will be performed on these textures to calculate their standard deviation and further simplify the texture. Secondly, we use fractal texture compression to create a multi-resolution texture data structure with quadtree structure, so that the building 3D model can achieve dynamic visualization of different scales. Finally, the parallel texture mapping of all faces of the 3D model of the building is implemented according to the texture calling rules. Experimental results demonstrate that the texture is managed by the method proposed in this paper, which shortens the loading time of texture and reduces the memory occupation by about 48.92%. Therefore, the method of texture simplification and compression proposed in this paper has a significant effect in the process of building 3D model visualization.
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Chen, Dongju, You Zhao, Chunqing Zha, Ri Pan, and Jinwei Fan. "Performance evaluation of different types of micro-textured hydrostatic spindles under the main influencing factors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 235, no. 10 (January 27, 2021): 2169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650121991315.
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To improve the performance of a hydrostatic bearing, a method of constructing micro-textures on the inner surface of a bearing is proposed to increase the bearing capacity and reduce the friction coefficient. In this paper, the composite texture is innovatively proposed, and the theoretical models of hydrostatic radial bearings under four situations including non-texture, square, spherical, and composite textures are established. The effect of texture shapes and texture parameters on bearing performance is numerically studied and the influence level of various factors on bearing performance is evaluated innovatively using the cross-correlation analysis. The results show that the presence of a micro-texture can improve the bearing capacity and reduce the friction coefficient of the bearing compared with smooth surface bearings; the composite micro-texture increases the bearing capacity by about 9.5%, the stiffness increases by about 8.2%, and the friction coefficient is reduced by about 10.5%; there is an optimal micro-texture unit area ratio (between 30% and 40%) making the bearing capacity largest and the friction coefficient smallest; finally, the influence level of various factors on the bearing performance is evaluated. The relative depth of the texture has the greatest influence on it, followed by the number of textures, and finally the unit area ratio. The above results will provide a theoretical basis for the design of hydrostatic bearings with micro-textures.
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Tong, Rui Ting, Geng Liu, and Lan Liu. "Studies on Nanoscale Sliding Contacts of Textured Surfaces by Multiscale Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 155-156 (February 2012): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.155-156.883.
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Coupled molecular dynamics simulation and finite element method, a multiscale method is used to model nanoscale sliding contacts problems. According to an experimental sample, 4 textured surfaces with different asperity shapes are designed. Through the friction forces comparisons between smooth surface and textured surfaces, the effects of texture shapes are investigated, and 2 better textured surfaces are discovered to reduce friction forces.
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Yang, Chao, Shui Yan Dai, Ling Da Wu, and Rong Huan Yu. "Smoothly Rendering of Large-Scale Vector Data on Virtual Globe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 516–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.516.
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The method of view-dependent smoothly rendering of large-scale vector data based on the vector texture on virtual globe is presented. The vector texture is rasterized from the vector data based on view-dependent quadtree LOD. And the vector texture is projected on the top of the terrain. The smooth transition of multi-level texture is realized by adjusting the transparency of texture dynamically based on view range in two processes to avoid texture “popping”. In “IN” process, the texture’s alpha value increases when the view range goes up while In “OUT” process, the texture’s alpha value decreases. the vector texture buffer updating method is used to accelerate the texture fetching based on the least-recently-used algorithm. In the end, the real-time large-scale vector data rendering is implemented on virtual globe. The result shows that this method can real-time render large-scale vector data smoothly.
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Hatka, Martin, and Michal Haindl. "Advanced Material Rendering in Blender." International Journal of Virtual Reality 11, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2012.11.2.2840.
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Physically correct and realistic visual appearance rendering or analysis of material surface visual properties require complex descriptive models capable of modelling material dependence on variable illumination and viewing conditions. The recent most advanced representation of visual properties of surface materials is a Bidirectional texture function (BTF). BTF is 7D function of planar coordinates, spectral coordinate, and viewing and illumination angles, respectively. Unlike smooth textures, it specifies their altering appearance due to varying illumination and viewing conditions. This BTF visual appearance dependency on viewing and illumination conditions significantly complicates not only its acquisition, representation, and modelling but also makes its rendering noticeably more demanding. BTF textures are acquired by costly measurements of real materials and their subsequent nontrivial processing. While several techniques for measurement or processing of BTF textures have been described already, there is no environment allowing BTF texture rendering. This contribution describes novel Blender texture plugin for the purpose of BTF texture mapping and rendering. The plugin benefits from our previously developed BTF Roller texture enlargement method which is the integral part of its implementation. The presented plugin allows creating realistic computer animations with additional BTF textures of any required size mapped onto an object surfaces while the other functionality of Blender retains
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Materka, Andrzej, and Michał Strzelecki. "On The Effect Of Image Brightness And Contrast Nonuniformity On Statistical Texture Parameters." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fcds-2015-0011.
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Abstract Computerized texture analysis characterizes spatial patterns of image intensity, which originate in the structure of tissues. However, a number of texture descriptors also depend on local average image intensity and/or contrast. This variations, known as image nonuniformity (inhomogeneity) artefacts often occur, e.g. in MRI. Their presence may lead to errors in tissue description. This unwanted effect is explained in this paper using statistical texture descriptors applied for MRI slices of a normal and fibrotic liver. To reduce the errors, correction of image spatial nonuniformity prior to texture analysis is performed. The issue of sensitivity of popular texture parameters to image nonuniformities is discussed. It is illustrated by classification examples of natural Brodatz textures, digitally modified to account for inhomogeneities – modeled as smooth variations of image intensity and contrast. A set of texture features is identified which represent certain immunity to image inhomogeneities.
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Mohammadi, Amir Hossein, Taghi Ebadi, Mehrdad Ahmadi, and Arash Aliasghar. "Shear Strength Behavior of Crude Oil Contaminated Sand-Concrete Interface." Civil Engineering Journal 2, no. 8 (August 30, 2016): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2016-00000041.
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A laboratory investigation into crude oil contaminated sand-concrete interface behavior is performed. The interface tests were carried out through a direct shear apparatus. Pure sand and sand-bentonite mixture with different crude oil contents and three concrete surfaces of different textures (smooth, semi-rough, and rough) were examined. The experimental results showed that the concrete surface texture is an effective factor in soil-concrete interface shear strength. The interface shear strength of the rough concrete surface was found higher than smooth and semi-rough concrete surfaces. In addition to the texture, the normal stress and the crude oil content also play important roles in interface shear strength. Moreover, the friction angle decreases with increasing crude oil content due to increase of oil concentration in soil and it increases with increasing interface roughness.
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Tauviqirrahman, Mohammad, J. Jamari, Bayu Siswo Wibowo, Hilmy Muhammad Fauzan, and M. Muchammad. "Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Under the Combined Influence of Texture and Slip." Lubricants 7, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7110097.
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The drive to maintain the environmental sustainability and save the global energy consumption is urgent, making every powertrain system component a candidate to enhance efficiency. In this work, the combined effects of the slip boundary and textured surface in hydrodynamic journal bearing as one of the critical components in industrial powertrain and engine systems are assessed using a multiphase computational fluid dynamic analysis that allows for phase change in a cavitation process and arbitrary textured geometry. The texture studied consists of regularly spaced rectangular dimples through two-dimensional (infinitely long) journal bearing. The modified Navier–slip model is employed to describe the slip boundary condition. A systematic comparison is made for various textured configurations varying the texture depth and the length of the texturing zone with respect to the performance of a smooth (untextured) bearing for several eccentricity ratios. The effectiveness of the texture with or without slip at enhancing the load support over a corresponding smooth bearing is investigated with the parameters. The detrimental or beneficial effect of surface texturing as well as the slip promotion is explained in terms of the mechanisms of pressure generation for several eccentricity ratios. The results of the present work indicate that journal bearing textured by a proper texturing zone and dimple depth are characterized by substantial load support levels. However, in the range of high eccentricity ratios, the promotion of texturing and slip can significantly degrade the performance of the load support.
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Su, Xing, Chenglong Ji, Yang Xu, Duo Li, David Walker, Guoyu Yu, Hongyu Li, and Bo Wang. "Surface Texture Evolution of Fused Silica in a Combined Process of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Processing and Bonnet Polishing." Coatings 9, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100676.
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The increasing demand for precision optical components invokes the requirement of advanced fabrication techniques with high efficiency. Atmospheric pressure plasma processing (APPP), based on chemical etching, has a high material removal rate and a Gaussian-shaped influence function, which is suitable to generate complex structures and correct form errors. Because of the pure chemical etching, an optically smooth surface cannot be achieved using only APPP. Thus, bonnet polishing (BP) with a flexible membrane tool, also delivering a Gaussian influence-function, is introduced to smooth the surface after APPP. In this paper, the surface texture evolution in the combined process of APPP and BP is studied. The etched texture with increased removal depth of APPP is presented and analyzed. Subsequently, the processed substrates are smoothed by BP. The texture smoothing and the roughness improvement is investigated in detail. The experimental results show that the APPP etched pits coalesce with each other and transform into irregular convex-concave structures, with roughness degraded to about 25 nm arithmetical mean deviation (Ra). The APPP etched texture can be successfully smoothed to 1.5 nm Ra, with 0.2–1 μm material removal of BP.
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Todd, James T., J. Farley Norman, Jan J. Koenderink, and Astrid M. L. Kappers. "Effects of Texture, Illumination, and Surface Reflectance on Stereoscopic Shape Perception." Perception 26, no. 7 (July 1997): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260807.
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Observers viewed computer-generated stereograms of randomly structured smooth surfaces and were required to judge the perceived local orientation at numerous probe points by adjusting a monocular gauge figure. The surfaces were depicted with specular or Lambertian reflectance functions, either with or without identifiable texture elements, and with varying directions of illumination. The results revealed a strong linear correlation between the judged patterns of relief and the actual depicted objects, though there were systematic differences in the magnitude of depth scaling in the different conditions. In general, the accuracy and reliability of observers' judgments for the smoothly shaded shiny surfaces was slightly lower than for the textured surfaces and slightly higher than for the smoothly shaded Lambertian surfaces. The direction of illumination had no detectable effect on the observers' judgments.
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Yu, Qing. "Digital multitoning with overmodulation for smooth texture transition." Journal of Electronic Imaging 8, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.482679.
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Adresi, Mostafa, and Giuseppe Lacidogna. "Investigating the Micro/Macro-Texture Performance of Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement under Simulated Traffic Abrasion." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 5704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125704.
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Since the roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) is almost smooth due to roller vibrations in the construction process, the lack of macro-texture prevents it from being used as a final surface. This study has made efforts to improve the RCCP by proposing different scenarios to create new micro-/macro-texture surfaces and investigate their durability and skid resistance under traffic abrasion conditions. To prepare the micro-texture, eight RCCP specimens were cast using various 50–50% mixing proportions, and each of them alone in the form of siliceous and calcareous fine aggregates (natural and manufactured). For the macro-texture, each specimen was textured using such methods as seeding (three cases), stamping (two cases), and brooming (two cases). Since the durable texture should withstand the abrasive traffic flow, the RCCP-surface abrasion resistance was measured by the simulation method proposed in ASTM C944, and their skid resistance was evaluated by measuring the British pendulum test according to ASTM E303 before and after abrasion. The results showed that abrasion resistance of RCCP samples to changes in mixing design and skid resistance to changes in macro-texture have significant changes. In addition, different siliceous-calcareous sand combinations not only made the concrete mix more economical but also improved its performance in case of abrasion and skid resistance. The more was the manufactured sand proportion, the higher the fracture rate was and, hence, the abrasion resistance. Different macro-textures created on RCCP specimens generally showed acceptable skid resistance. In this regard, stamping had the highest mean texture depth (MTD) as well as BPN, and seeding had the lowest.
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Yang, Xiping, Yonghong Fu, Jinghu Ji, Tianyang Chen, and Caiyun Pan. "Study on tribological properties of surface concave convex micro-texture on the mold steel." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 10 (May 6, 2020): 1167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-03-2020-0081.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the tribological characteristics with different area density of concave-convex micro-texture on the mold surface. It is a new technology to improve the quality of the workpiece to control the tribological properties through the application of concave-convex micro-texture on the mold surface. Design/methodology/approach Five groups of laser micro-texture with different area density (ratio of the concave-convex micro-texture area to the all-area) were processed on the surface of the mold steel, and the tribological properties were compared with the smooth surface of the reference sample. Findings The time of the running-in stage in different experimental groups was about 300 s. The fluctuation amplitude of concave-convex micro-texture friction coefficient is much larger than that of smooth plane specimen in the running-in stage. After the running-in stage, the friction coefficients were lower than that in the smooth condition and decreased with the increase of the concave-convex micro-texture area density. When the area density reached 25%, the friction coefficients no longer decreased significantly. In addition, the wear of concave-convex micro-texture surface is much lower than that of smooth surface and decreases with the increase of concave-convex micro-texture area density. Originality/value Domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of research on the relationship between concave micro-texture and tribological properties. However, the object of this paper is a new concave-convex micro-texture, which is rarely studied in the field of tribology. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-03-2020-0081/
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Kennedy, F. E., C. A. Brown, J. Kolodny, and B. M. Sheldon. "Fractal Analysis of Hard Disk Surface Roughness and Correlation With Static and Low-Speed Friction." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834163.
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The purpose of this work was to use new scale-sensitive fractal parameters to characterize the surface topography of computer hard disks and to correlate the fractal parameters with measured start-up friction (or stiction) behavior of textured hard disks. The topographies of glass disks with three different surface textures and aluminum disks with two different textures were measured using an atomic force microscope. Two parameters derived from area-scale fractal analysis by the patchwork method were chosen to characterize the surface topography: smooth-rough crossover and area-scale fractal complexity. The two fractal parameters were found to be characteristic of the disks’ texture; disks which had been processed in the same batch had similar values of complexity and smooth-rough crossover, but those values differed for disks subjected to a different texturing process. Friction behavior of unlubricated glass disks and lubricated aluminum disks was determined at startup and during low speed drag testing. The results show a high correlation between the smooth-rough crossover parameter and start-up friction (stiction) for both lubricated and unlubricated disks. Additional tests showed that the area-scale fractal parameter is related to low speed sliding friction. The friction results for the unlubricated glass disks were dependent on humidity and roughness in a manner that is consistent with a meniscus model of stiction.
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Song, X., JZ Huang, Sam Oh, Atsushi Danno, and Sylvie Castagne. "Development of a form rolling micro surface texturing system for friction reduction application in the shaft component." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 22 (July 22, 2016): 4263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216661008.
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Surface texture is one of the most promising methods to achieve friction reduction in the mechanical components, and it has been rapidly developed in the last decade. The friction reduction mechanism of regularly patterned surface texture is widely considered to be lubricant retention and debris entrapment. There are many ways to manufacture micro surface texture, among which deformed-based micro-surface texturing is the least studied. However, it has many unique advantages that cannot be surpassed by the rest, such as high production efficiency, fine geometrical fidelity and smooth surface finishing. Therefore, this study aims at developing a deformation-based low-cost micro form-rolling machine to create micro surface texture on the cylindrical component. A new demonstrator for examining the friction reduction efficiency of the micro surface texture has also been built and tested. Results show that the shaft with micro surface texture is able to reach a maximum of 48.1% friction reduction at rotation speed 400 r/min with lubricant SAE30 compared to the non-textured workpiece with the same condition.
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LEI, MING, XIFENG PAN, XISHENG YANG, WENTAO WANG, FENG YANG, and YONG ZHAO. "PREPARATION OF Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9-X BUFFER BY REEL-TO-REEL SLOT-DIE COATING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 15 (June 4, 2013): 1362019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213620191.
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Bi-axially textured Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9-x (SCO) single buffer tape with the length of 110 cm and the thickness of 150 nm, has been prepared on textured NiW(200) alloy substrate by using the polymer assisted chemical solution deposition (PACSD) method combined with slot-die coating technique for REBCO coated conductors. Smooth, uniform and crack-free SCO tape with sharp (200) c-axis orientation and high texture has been obtained by controlling the viscosity of solution, the moving speed of tape and the release rate of solution, bi-lateral texture of tape has been more than 90%, the FWHM obtained from ω-scan and φ-scan on the center of the tape are 5.08° and 4.64°, respectively.
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Staller, Oliver, and Gerhard Gritzner. "Fabrication of biaxial textured NiO on Ni in a one-step process." Open Chemistry 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0024-5.
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AbstractA novel method for the preparation of biaxial textured nickel oxide on commercially available nickel via a modified surface oxidation epitaxy (SOE) process has been developed. Following studies of different heat-treatment procedures for both texturing of nickel and for the fabrication of nickel oxide the following method was found to yield the best results. Nickel was first textured under an argon — hydrogen atmosphere at 1000°C for 120 min, then the temperature was lowered to 800°C and the atmosphere was changed to argon with 3 ppm oxygen. Smooth and crack free c-axis textured and a–b aligned NiO buffer layers with an out-of-plane texture of 7.8° and an in-plane texture of 9.4° were successfully produced. Higher oxygen partial pressure and temperatures resulted in increased surface roughness and excessive grain growth.
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Li, Kang Mei, Zhen Qiang Yao, and Yong Xiang Hu. "Effects of Texture Density on Tribological Performance of Laser Peen Textured Surface." Applied Mechanics and Materials 404 (September 2013): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.404.106.
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Surface texturing has been recognized as an effective means to improve the tribological performances of sliding surfaces. Different densities of micro dimples were fabricated on Oxygen-Free High Conductivity (OFHC) copper by laser peen texturing (LPT). The tribological characteristics of the samples were tested by surface-to-surface sliding contact experiments under constant sliding velocity and linearly increased normal load. The effects of texture density on the friction coefficient, failure time and load carrying capacity were investigated. It was found that in comparison with smooth surfaces, textured surfaces help to reduce the friction coefficient, prolong the failure time and improve the load carrying capacity. Results also suggested that there might exit an optimum texture density with which the surface exhibits better tribological behavior than those with higher and lower texture densities.
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Mirjalili, Fereshteh, and Jon Yngve Hardeberg. "Appearance perception of textiles: a tactile and visual texture study." Color and Imaging Conference 2019, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-2629.2019.27.9.
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Texture analysis and characterization based on human perception has been continuously sought after by psychology and computer vision researchers. However, the fundamental question of how humans truly perceive texture still remains. In the present study, using a series of textile samples, the most important perceptual attributes people use to interpret and evaluate the texture properties of textiles were accumulated through the verbal description of texture by a group of participants. Smooth, soft, homogeneous, geometric variation, random, repeating, regular, color variation, strong, and complicated were ten of the most frequently used words by participants to describe texture. Since the participants were allowed to freely interact with the textiles, the accumulated texture properties are most likely a combination of visual and tactile information. Each individual texture attribute was rated by another group of participants via rank ordering. Analyzing the correlations between various texture attributes showed strong positive and negative correlations between some of the attributes. Principal component analysis on the rank ordering data indicated that there is a clear separation of perceptual texture attributes in terms of homogeneity and regularity on one hand, and non-homogeneity and randomness on the other hand.
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He, Tao, Chuan Li Wang, Hai Shun Deng, Yan Long Huang, and Cao Feng Yu. "Hydrodynamic Lubrication and Load Carrying Capacity Analysis of Laser Surface Texturing Valve Core." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.348.
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Take water hydraulic slide valve core as the research object. Laser surface texturing (LST) technology was used to improve the valve core carrying capacity and hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics, which can process micro-texture on the surface of the core. And CFD method was taken to calculate flow field of smooth and laser surface texturing core respectively. For studying the influence of valve core micro-texture and valve core overlap lengths on hydrodynamic lubrication characteristic and carrying capacity of the core, core surface pressure distribution, surface pressure and friction force curves were drawn. Results show: The smooth valve core does not produce hydrodynamic lubrication effect, but textured valve core can bring the oil film load capacity, so as to make the effect of mixed friction between valve core and sleeve weaken. And along with the decrease of the core overlap length, the carrying capacity on the surface of the textured valve core does not decrease but increase when the valve core overlap length amount is greater than 2.5mm.The results provide important theoretical reference of studying and applying LST process technology to the valve core friction pair’s lubrication performance.
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Hou, Qimin, Xuefeng Yang, Jian Cheng, Shouren Wang, Derong Duan, Jupeng Xiao, and Wanyang Li. "Optimization of Performance Parameters and Mechanism of Bionic Texture on Friction Surface." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020171.
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In this paper, a variety of micro-textures made by imitating the biological body surface are mentioned, and four common biomimetic texture types—convex hull, pit, groove and corrugation—are summarized by referring to a large number of literatures. These texture types that are widely used are those of the grooves and the pits of non-smooth surface because their viscosity drag reduction effects are relatively optimal for wear-resistance; in view of these two types of textures (with others including pit diameter, groove width, depth and area of share, and morphology spacing), we use data analysis and comparisons to find optimal parameter values in order to find the optimal effect of drag reduction and anti-sticking wear-resistance. Several texture processing methods are briefly introduced through case analysis and an illustration of the viscosity drag reduction mechanism of wear-resistance, and general fluid dynamic pressure is deduced from a theory formula in order to facilitate future research work on the basis of the optimal parameters to further improve the friction, wear lubrication, and hydrophobic properties, thus improving the bionic texture surface efficiency of saving energy and reducing consumption in industrial applications.
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Li, Jun. "An Image De-Noising Algorithm Based on K-SVD and BM3D." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.333.
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The existence of noise affects the quality of the image seriously. The image de-noising algorithm based on KSVD appears fuzzy, where weak texture smooth area also can appear false textures, at the same time, when the noise was very big, the de-noising effect would not always be ideal. This paper proposed an image de-noising method based on K-SVD dictionary and BM3D. The algorithm can solve image weak texture fuzzy problems and weak edges effectively. The experimental results show that, compare with K-SVD de-noising algorithm, this algorithm has a good de-noising ability, which keeping the detail and the edge character of the image better.
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Serenelli, Mariano, María Bertinetti, Pablo Turner, and Javier Signorelli. "A Theoretical Study on Forming Limit Diagram Predictions Using Viscoplastic Polycrystalline Plasticity Models." Key Engineering Materials 473 (March 2011): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.473.327.
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The Forming Limit Diagrams (FLDs) of textured polycrystalline sheet metals were investigated using micro-macro averaging and two types of grain-interaction models: Full-Constraint (FC) and Self-consistent (SC) schemes, in conjunction with the Marciniak–Kuczynski (MK) approach. By referring to previous FLD studies based on the FC-Taylor model ─ Wu and coworkers [Effect of an initial cube texture on sheet metal formability, Materials Science and Engineering A, 364:182–7, 2004] and Inal and coworkers [Forming Limit comparison for FCC and BCC sheets, International Journal of Plasticity, 21:1255-1266, 2005] ─ we found that the MK-FC strategy leads to unrealistic results. In the former case, the researchers found that an increasing spread about the cube texture produces unexpectedly high limit strains. In the latter work, Inal et al. predicted a remarkably low forming-limit curve for a FCC material and an extremely high forming-limit curve for a BCC material, in the biaxial-stretching range. Our investigations show that simulations performed with the MK-VPSC approach successfully predict more reliable results. For the BCC structure, the MK-VPSC predictions do not give the extreme values predicted when calculations are carried out with the MK-FC approach. In the FCC case, with decreasing textural intensity ─ from the ideal cube texture, through dispersions around the cube texture with increasing cut-off angles, to a random texture ─ a smooth transition in increasing limit strains was obtained. Furthermore, these results suggest that the selected constitutive model is critical for predicting the behavior of materials that exhibit a qualitative change in crystallographic texture, and hence, evolve anisotropically during mechanical deformation.
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Pawlus, Pawel, Wieslaw Zelasko, and Andrzej Dzierwa. "The Effect of Isotropic One-Process and Two-Process Surface Textures on the Contact of Flat Surfaces." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 7, 2019): 4092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244092.
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The contact of random modeled one- and two-process textures with smooth, flat surfaces is discussed in this paper. An elastic-plastic contact model was applied, assuming a distributed radius of summits. A one-process surface was characterized by the standard deviations of height and the correlation length; however, it also had a two-process texture by the standard deviations of the plateau and valley structures, the material ratio at the transition point, and the correlation lengths of the plateau and valley parts. It was found that the contact characteristics depended on the height and spatial properties of the surface texture. The plateau part governs the contact characteristics of two-process surfaces, while the effect of the valley surface portion is smaller. The plastic deformation leads to a smaller effect of the surface texture on the contact characteristics.
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Duncan, Pansy. "Taking the Smooth with the Rough: Texture, Emotion, and the Other Postmodernism." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 2 (March 2014): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.2.204.
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Postmodern aesthetics' vaunted hermeneutic flatness is routinely equated with emotional flatness. In large part, it is this equation that underpins postmodernism's fall from favor in the face of the critical humanities' recent turn to the analysis of affect and emotion. Through a close reading of David Cronenberg's paradigmatically postmodern film Crash (1996), however, this essay draws on a long-standing lamination of texture to emotion in order to undertake a radical reappraisal of postmodernism's emotional life—recoding postmodern aesthetics' notoriously flat, depthless surface as a richly textured plane that oscillates between the high polish of the glossy surface and the cragginess of the rough. In doing so, the essay argues not only that postmodern aesthetics is unexpectedly hospitable to emotions but also that an analysis of these emotions may help to reconfigure sedimented scholarly understandings of the relation between surface and depth, true emotion and false, critical “then” and critical “now.”
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Kalra, Sunita, Puja Chauhan, Ankit Khandelwal, and Pooja Rani. "Variations of Gerdy's tubercle, proposal of a morphological classification: Anatomical study and its clinical importance." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 02 (April 2014): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.068014.
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Abstract Introduction: Gerdy's tubercle is described as a triangular facet in standard textbooks of human anatomy. The present study addresses the prevalence and shape of the anterolateral tubercle, which has been named as Gerdy's tubercle in adult human tibia. Examination of tibia revealed in excess of usual variations in the shape and texture of tubercle present at the anterior surface of lateral condyle of tibia. Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 103 (52 right and 51 left) of either sex dry Indian tibia bone to study the shape and texture of Gerdy's tubercle. The shape and texture of tubercle were very inconsistent and varied from a small circular smooth facet to very irregular rough facet. Results: Gerdy's tubercle was triangular & smooth in 44.6%, circular & smooth in 17.4%, vertically oval & smooth in 2.9%, transversely oval & smooth in 3.8%, irregular & rough in18.4% and triangular & rough in 6.7%. In 5.8% of tibia, it was unobtrusive. Conclusion: The different shapes of Gerdy's tubercle demonstrated in the present study may contribute to produce significant effect on surgical interventions and some shapes may be more prone to traumatic injuries on it.
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Fu, Ying, Xiaohua Li, Lei Liang, Yi Zhang, and Jiliu Zhou. "The Restoration of Textured Images Using Fractional-Order Regularization." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/356906.
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Image restoration problem is ill-posed, so most image restoration algorithms exploit sparse prior in gradient domain to regularize it to yield high-quality results, reconstructing an image with piecewise smooth characteristics. While sparse gradient prior has good performance in noise removal and edge preservation, it also tends to remove midfrequency component such as texture. In this paper, we introduce the sparse prior in fractional-order gradient domain as texture-preserving strategy to restore textured images degraded by blur and/or noise. And we solve the unknown variables in the proposed model using method based on half-quadratic splitting by minimizing the nonconvex energy functional. Numerical experiments show our algorithm's robust outperformance.
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Zhang, Yanhu, Hao Fu, Xinwei Wang, Hongyu Liang, Julius Caesar Puoza, Jinghu Ji, Xijun Hua, Xiaojing Xu, and Yonghong Fu. "Additional Tribological Effect of Laser Surface Texturing and Diamond-Like Carbon Coating for Medium Carbon Steel at Near Room Temperature." Coatings 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100929.
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Texture surface containing both micro-pits and a thin carbon coating was produced using laser surface texturing and magnetic-control vacuum sputtering. Tribological properties of the laser-textured surface coated with thin carbon were experimentally investigated at low-temperature (8–10 °C) under starved and lubricated conditions with a ring-on-ring test rig. The results indicated that the laser-textured surface combined with carbon coating (textured + coating) exhibited low wear intensity and friction coefficient under lubricated conditions, while moderate wear was observed under starved lubrication conditions as compared with the smooth, textured, and carbon-coated surfaces. The wear mechanisms of the lubricated, textured, coated surface under three working conditions (10 N and 1.25 m/s, 16 N and 0.25 m/s, and 50 N and 0.05 m/s) revealed plowing effect, corrosion, and adhesive wear, while oxidative and adhesive wears were observed under starved lubrication. Finally, the textured, coated surface was freely adaptable to different working conditions and exhibited additional effects for better tribological applications at low-temperature as compared with the smooth, laser-textured, and carbon-coated surfaces.
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Huang, Yan Qin. "Preparation of Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−y Films and CeO2 Buffer Layer on Ni-5at.%W Substrates by MOD Method." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.64.
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Biaxially textured CeO2 films were deposited on Ni–5at.%W (Ni–5W) tapes by a metal-organic deposition (MOD) method. Subsequent YBa2Cu3O7-y (YBCO) films were prepared using the (MOD) method leading to a simplified coated conductor architecture of YBCO/CeO2/Ni–5W. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed an epitaxial growth of the CeO2 buffer layer the 7.06°, 5.16°, for the out-of-plane and in-plane alignment, respectively. The superconducting coated film with a texture spread down to the out-of-plane texture is ω = 6.2° and the in-plane texture is φ = 7.6°. The results indicate that single CeO2-buffered Ni–5W tapes are suitable for the epitaxial growth of YBCO higher cube texture and the epitaxial YBCO film was obtained. To microstructural investigations, the film’s SEM results showed a dense, smooth and crack-free surface morphology. The superconducting properties were measured by four probe method. The superconducting transition temperature (Tc) was about 90 K with a narrow transition of 0.8 K and the critical current density (Jc) was about 1.5×104 A/cm2 at 77 K, 4T.
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Tong, Ruiting, Zefen Quan, Yangdong Zhao, Bin Han, and Geng Liu. "Influence of Nanoscale Textured Surfaces and Subsurface Defects on Friction Behaviors by Molecular Dynamics Simulation." Nanomaterials 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111617.
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In nanomaterials, the surface or the subsurface structures influence the friction behaviors greatly. In this work, nanoscale friction behaviors between a rigid cylinder tip and a single crystal copper substrate are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Nanoscale textured surfaces are modeled on the surface of the substrate to represent the surface structures, and the spacings between textures are seen as defects on the surface. Nano-defects are prepared at the subsurface of the substrate. The effects of depth, orientation, width and shape of textured surfaces on the average friction forces are investigated, and the influence of subsurface defects in the substrate is also studied. Compared with the smooth surface, textured surfaces can improve friction behaviors effectively. The textured surfaces with a greater depth or smaller width lead to lower friction forces. The surface with 45° texture orientation produces the lowest average friction force among all the orientations. The influence of the shape is slight, and the v-shape shows a lower average friction force. Besides, the subsurface defects in the substrate make the sliding process unstable and the influence of subsurface defects on friction forces is sensitive to their positions.
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Rosa, Benoit, and Jean-Yves Hascoët. "Laser polishing of titanium surfaces obtained by additive manufacturing process." MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 03034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032103034.
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Additive Manufacturing (AM) surfaces are composed by different textures and high roughness values which tend to limit its functionalities. Laser polishing process is enabling to smooth surfaces by material melting, change surface texture and decrease surface roughness (Sa). Based on a five axes machine, which consist of milling and Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) processes, the machine is additionally integrating laser polishing process on the same architecture. This paper aims at study laser polishing of laser metal deposition of titanium surfaces. LMD of titanium surfaces are composed by chaotic texture directly induced by the physical phenomenon of the process in use. Laser polishing process (LP) has an impact on the final surface regarding a multi-scale approach. The determined operating parameters and path strategy of laser polishing process decreases surface roughness by 78% and allow smoothing the initial chaotic texture. A polished surface roughness of 6.01 μm was obtained from an initial of 27.6μm.
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G�rding, Jonas. "Shape from texture for smooth curved surfaces in perspective projection." Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 2, no. 4 (December 1992): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00121877.
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Zhao, Zhi Hong. "A Neural Network Model for Simulating Cloth Texture Deformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 1608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.1608.
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This study describes a method to simulate cloth texture deformation using a neural network model. The cloth texture may be represented by its texture colors, positions and its topological structures. In addition, the relationship between the texture colors can be deduced based on the smooth texture and the two and three dimensional texture deformation are correspondingly concerned. A multilayered single direction neural network model is adopted to numerically represent the cloth texture for the purpose of speeding up the simulation. The color values of the points on the cloth deformed curved surface can be calculated with such neural network model. The experimental results show that such method is efficient and executable for the regularized texture deformation.
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Ochoa, Hector, and Yaroslav Tserkovnyak. "Quantum skyrmionics." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 21 (August 20, 2019): 1930005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219300056.
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Skyrmions are topological solitons that emerge in many physical contexts. In magnetism, they appear as textures of the spin-density field stabilized by different competing interactions and characterized by a topological charge that counts the number of times the order parameter wraps the sphere. They behave as classical objects when the spin texture varies slowly on the scale of the microscopic lattice of the magnet. However, the fast development of experimental tools to create and stabilize skyrmions in thin magnetic films has led to a rich variety of textures, sometimes of atomistic sizes. In this paper, we discuss, in a pedagogical manner, how to introduce quantum interference in the translational dynamics of skyrmion textures, starting from the micromagnetic equations of motion for a classical soliton. We study how the nontrivial topology of the spin texture manifests in the semiclassical regime, when the microscopic lattice potential is treated quantum-mechanically, but the external driving forces are taken as smooth classical perturbations. We highlight close relations to the fields of noncommutative quantum mechanics, Chern–Simons theories, and the quantum Hall effect.
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Bin Ramli, Mohd Syaifullah, Abdul Basit, Ku Zilati Ku Shaari, and Lau Kok Keong. "Study of the Effect of Surface Roughness on Droplet Spreading Behavior Using CFD Modeling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.378.
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Water droplet spreading has been simulated at impact velocity of 3.0 m/s, 1.5 m/s and 0.5 m/s on surfaces with texture of ‘triangle’, ‘square’, ‘curve’ as well as smooth surface of aluminum. Higher impact velocity induced the droplet to spread faster and has a bigger diameter. At high impact velocity, spreading factor cannot be determined due to splashing and droplet break ups. In addition, at 1.5 m/s the phenomenon of splashing was found to be almost absent except on the surface with ‘square’ texture. ‘Square’ surface tends to splash earlier compared to other surfaces and is followed by ‘triangle’, ‘curve’ and smooth surface. At low impact velocity, the smooth surface has the highest spreading factor and followed by ‘triangle’, ‘square’ and ‘curve’ surface.
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Liu, Yan Dong, He Tong, Q. W. Jiang, Y. Ren, Yan Dong Wang, and Liang Zuo. "The Study on the Microstructure Characters of Pure Iron during Cold Rolling by High Energy X-Ray Diffraction." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.889.
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The microstructure characters of pure Iron during cold rolling were studied by HEXD (high-energy x-ray diffraction). The experimental result shows that the Debby ring of HEXD before cold rolling is discrete and very strong, the discrete diffraction points become continue and smooth with the increase of cold rolling reduction. The {001}<110> textures transform to the {001}<uvw> texture after cold rolling, in this process the grains divisional are analyzed by the HEXD result.