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Skoczyńska, Anna, Leszek Gruszczyński, Anna Wojakowska, Marek Ścieszka, Barbara Turczyn y Edward Schmidt. "Association between the Type of Workplace and Lung Function in Copper Miners". BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5928572.
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The aim of the analysis was to retrospectively assess changes in lung function in copper miners depending on the type of workplace. In the groups of 225 operators, 188 welders, and 475 representatives of other jobs, spirometry was performed at the start of employment and subsequently after 10, 20, and 25 years of work. Spirometry Longitudinal Data Analysis software was used to estimate changes in group means for FEV1and FVC. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess an association between workplace and lung function. Lung function assessed on the basis of calculation of longitudinal FEV1 (FVC) decline was similar in all studied groups. However, multiple linear regression model used in cross-sectional analysis revealed an association between workplace and lung function. In the group of welders, FEF75 was lower in comparison to operators and other miners as early as after 10 years of work. Simultaneously, in smoking welders, the FEV1/FVC ratio was lower than in nonsmokers (p< 0,05). The interactions between type of workplace and smoking (p< 0,05) in their effect on FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF50 were shown. Among underground working copper miners, the group of smoking welders is especially threatened by impairment of lung ventilatory function.
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Li, Donghe, Woojin Kim, Jahoon An, Soriul Kim, Seungku Lee, Ahra Do, Wonji Kim et al. "Heritability Analyses Uncover Shared Genetic Effects of Lung Function and Change over Time". Genes 13, n.º 7 (15 de julio de 2022): 1261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13071261.
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Genetic influence on lung functions has been identified in previous studies; however, the relative longitudinal effects of genetic factors and their interactions with smoking on lung function remain unclear. Here, we identified the longitudinal effects of genetic variants on lung function by determining single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability and genetic correlations, and by analyzing interactions with smoking. Subject-specific means and annual change rates were calculated for eight spirometric measures obtained from 6622 Korean adults aged 40–69 years every two years for 14 years, and their heritabilities were estimated separately. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) heritability for the subject-specific means of all spirometric measures (8~32%) and change rates of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC; 16%) and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (17%) were detected. Significant genetic correlations of the change rate with the subject-specific mean were observed for FEV1/FVC (ρg = 0.64) and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (ρg = 0.47). Furthermore, post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC showed significant heritability of SNP-by-smoking interaction (hGXS2 = 0.4) for the annual change rate. The GWAS also detected genome-wide significant SNPs for FEV1 (rs4793538), FEV1/FVC (rs2704589, rs62201158, and rs9391733), and post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (rs2445936). We found statistically significant evidence of heritability role on the change in lung function, and this was shared with the effects on cross-sectional measurements. We also found some evidence of interaction with smoking for the change of lung function.
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Mahon, Gillian M., Gerard H. Koppelman y Judith M. Vonk. "Grandmaternal smoking, asthma and lung function in the offspring: the Lifelines cohort study". Thorax 76, n.º 5 (4 de febrero de 2021): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215232.
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Background/objectiveLimited research exists regarding the association between grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk for asthma and altered lung function in grandchildren. This study aimed to investigate this association in a three-generation design.Methods37 291 participants (25 747 adults and 11 544 children) were included from the Lifelines study, a prospective longitudinal three generation cohort study in The Netherlands. Spirometry was available in 69.5% and 61.1% of the included adults and children. Logistic and linear regression were used to analyse the association between grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy and (1) asthma, (2) early childhood asthma (ie, onset before 6 years) and (3) lung function level. Maternal and paternal grandmaternal smoking were studied separately and the analyses were stratified by adult/child and by gender. The analyses were adjusted for gender, current smoking, birth variables and socioeconomic status.ResultsIn the adult population, maternal grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk for asthma (OR (95% CI): 1.38 (1.06 to 1.79)), early childhood asthma (1.49 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.11)) and a lower FEV1/FVC% predicted (B (95% CI): −1.04 (−1.91 to −0.16) in men. These findings were not observed in a separate analysis of children that participated in this study. There was also no significant association between paternal grandmaternal smoking and asthma/lung function.ConclusionMaternal grandmaternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher asthma risk and lower lung function in male grandchildren and a reverse effect in male grandchildren of subsequent generations. Our study highlights the deep-rooted effects of tobacco smoking across generations.
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Sherrill, DL, MD Lebowitz, RJ Knudson y B. Burrows. "Longitudinal methods for describing the relationship between pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms and smoking in elderly subjects: the Tucson Study". European Respiratory Journal 6, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1993): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.06030342.
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In this study recently developed longitudinal techniques are used to examine the relationship between respiratory symptoms, smoking and pulmonary function measures in elderly subjects. The subjects were participants in the Tucson Epidemiological Study of Airways Obstructive Disease, aged > or = 55 yrs at the first survey 1972-1973, who had received pulmonary function testing and completed questionnaires in at least one of the six selected surveys. There were 633 males and 891 females, with up to 14 yrs follow-up included in the analysis. Based on their questionnaire responses, subjects were classified according to their respiratory symptoms and smoking habits at each survey. The pulmonary function testing included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and their ratio (FEV1/FVC). The pulmonary function data were analysed gender specific, with and without stratifying on vital status. The results indicate that respiratory symptoms are generally associated with lower levels of lung function, and that the impairment associated with chronic cough was observed predominantly in male subjects. The negative association of smoking was apparent in most measures, but was largest and most progressive in the FEV1/FVC ratios. Ex-smokers, in all cases, had better lung function values than current smokers, but their mean curves were always significantly below the values of nonsmokers.
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Mogensen, Ida, Judith M. Vonk, Sara R. A. Wijnant, Xingwu Zhou, H. Marike Boezen, Guy Brusselle, Lies Lahousse, Christer Janson y Andrei Malinovschi. "Blood eosinophil level and lung function trajectories: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in European cohorts". ERJ Open Research 6, n.º 4 (octubre de 2020): 00320–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00320-2020.
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BackgroundElevated blood eosinophils have been associated with lower lung function and are believed to be associated with accelerated lung function decline.MethodBlood eosinophils were measured in four cohorts: <45 years cohort within the Vlagtwedde–Vlaardingen (V&V) study, the Uppsala cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS-Uppsala; <45 years), ≥45 years cohort within the V&V study, and the Rotterdam study (≥45 years). Blood eosinophils at baseline were classified as normal (<300 cells·μL−1) or elevated (≥300 cells·μL−1). Lung function was measured at baseline and follow-up with spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and their ratio FEV1/VC. The association between blood eosinophils and lung function was tested cross-sectionally using linear regression and longitudinally using a mixed model, both adjusted for age, sex, height, pack-years smoking and smoking status. Stratified analyses were done for asthma.ResultsElevated blood eosinophils were associated with lower FEV1 (regression coefficient −147 mL (95% CI −188 to −105 mL)), VC (−120 mL (−165 to −75 mL)) and FEV1/VC (−1.3% (−1.9% to −0.6%)) at baseline in the two <45 years cohorts, and with lower FEV1 (−70 mL (−112 to −27 mL)) and FEV1/VC (−1.8% (−2.6% to −1.0%)) in the two ≥45 years cohorts. Elevated blood eosinophils were associated with an accelerated decline in FEV1 (−5.5 mL·year−1 (95% CI −10.5 to −0.5 mL·year−1)) and VC (−6.4 mL·year−1 (−11.26 to −1.5 mL·year−1)) compared to normal blood eosinophils in the younger asthmatic subjects in the longitudinal studies.ConclusionElevated blood eosinophils are associated with lower lung function in the general population and with an accelerated lung function decline among asthmatic individuals.
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Hancox, Robert J. y Finn Rasmussen. "Does physical fitness enhance lung function in children and young adults?" European Respiratory Journal 51, n.º 2 (31 de enero de 2018): 1701374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01374-2017.
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Although physical activity is important for lung health, it is unclear whether physical fitness influences lung function. We investigated associations between lung function and fitness in two population-based cohort studies of children and young adults.Aerobic fitness was measured using a maximal cycle ergometer test at ages 9, 15, 21 and 29 years in Odense, Denmark and using a submaximal cycle test at ages 15, 26, 32 and 38 years in Dunedin, New Zealand.Aerobic fitness was positively associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in cross-sectional analyses at all ages in both cohorts, independently of height, weight, sex, asthma and smoking. Each standard deviation difference in fitness was associated with 2–3% predicted higher values of FEV1 and FVC. Improvements in fitness during childhood and adolescence were associated with growth in lung volumes in longitudinal analyses. These associations tended to be stronger in males than females. No longitudinal associations were found after peak adult lung function had been attained. Fitness was not significantly associated with FEV1/FVC ratios.Aerobic fitness is positively associated with lung volumes. Improving fitness during childhood and adolescence is associated with greater adult lung volumes, but not with airway calibre.
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Wright, J. L. y J. P. Sun. "Effect of smoking cessation on pulmonary and cardiovascular function and structure: analysis of guinea pig model". Journal of Applied Physiology 76, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1994): 2163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.5.2163.
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To assess the pulmonary structural and functional effects of smoking cessation, we exposed groups of guinea pigs to cigarette smoke for 4 and 8 mo and included a group of animals in which smoke exposure was stopped at 4 mo (ex-smokers). We found that, compared with control nonsmokers, the smokers at both 4 and 8 mo showed airflow obstruction with alterations in lung volume and morphological evidence of emphysema with increased alveolar air space size and decreased alveolar surface area-to-volume ratio. There was an alteration in the pulmonary vascular structure, with increased numbers of muscularized arterioles, in the smokers at both time periods, and this was associated with significantly increased pulmonary arterial pressure at 8 mo. Cessation of smoke exposure appeared to halt, but not reverse, these structural changes. The smokers at 8 mo showed clear evidence for a “healthy smoker” effect, underscoring the necessity for longitudinal studies even when using an animal model. We conclude that cessation of exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with an apparent halt, but not a reversal, of emphysematous lung enlargement and pulmonary arteriolar muscularization. However, the magnitude of improvement in pulmonary function is not as great as the apparent structural differences would imply, and there is no clear effect on the pulmonary arterial pressure.
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Kim, Taeyun, Chul-Ho Oak, Mann-Hong Jung, Tae-Won Jang y Jehun Kim. "High Serum Folate Concentration Is Associated with Better Lung Function in Male Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Who Are Current Smokers: Analysis of Nationwide Population-Based Survey". Nutrients 12, n.º 8 (25 de julio de 2020): 2219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082219.
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Folate, folic acid, has a role in mitigating inflammatory reactions in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum folate levels with lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Of the 8149 participants of the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), 311 subjects (192 males and 119 females) having COPD defined by the lower fifth percentile of the reference population were selected. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between serum folate level and lung function measurements. The association between the serum folate level and lung function in patients with COPD was evaluated using multivariable linear regression analysis after adjustment for age, sex, height, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total calorie intake, residence, smoking status and smoking pack–years, education, and household income. The serum folate level showed a positive correlation with the predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%). In males, a trend for a positive correlation with serum folate level was observed in predicted FEV1%, FEV1 value, predicted percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC%), FVC value, and peak expiratory flow (PEF). No significant correlation between the serum folate level and lung function in females was observed. In the multivariable linear regression model, the serum folate level was associated with an increase in predicted FEV1%, FEV1 value, predicted FVC%, FVC value, and PEF; however, the significance was only observed in males, especially among current smokers. High serum folate level was positively associated with lung function measurements in male COPD patients who were current smokers. Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Joshi, Divya, MyLinh Duong, Susan Kirkland y Parminder Raina. "Impact of electronic cigarette ever use on lung function in adults aged 45–85: a cross-sectional analysis from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging". BMJ Open 11, n.º 10 (octubre de 2021): e051519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051519.
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ObjectiveTo describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with e-cigarette ever use and to examine the impact of e-cigarette ever use on lung function impairment in an ageing population.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.SettingA national stratified sample of 44 817 adults living in Canadian provinces.ParticipantsRespondents included participants aged 45–85 and residing in the community in Canadian provinces.Outcome measuresThe Global Lung Function Initiative normative values for forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC) appropriate for age, sex, height and ethnicity were used to interpret the severity of lung function impairment. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the impact of e-cigarette ever use on obstructive and restrictive lung function impairment.ResultsThe prevalence of e-cigarette ever use was 6.5% and varied by sociodemographic factors including higher prevalence among individuals younger than 65 years, those with lower education attainment and those with lower annual household income. E-cigarette ever use was associated with 2.10 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.08) times higher odds of obstructive lung function impairment after adjusting for conventional cigarette smoking and other covariates. Individuals with exposure to e-cigarette ever use and 15 or more pack-years had 7.43 (95% CI 5.30 to 10.38) times higher odds for obstructive lung function impairment when compared with non-smokers and non-e-cigarette users after adjusting for covariates. Smokers with 15 or more pack-years had higher odds of restrictive lung function impairment irrespective of e-cigarette ever use.ConclusionsEver use of e-cigarettes was found to be associated with obstructive lung function impairment after adjusting for covariates, suggesting that e-cigarette use may be adding to the respiratory and other chronic disease burden in the population.
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Chang, Chia-Heng, Szu-Chia Chen, Jiun-Hung Geng, Da-Wei Wu, Jiun-Chi Huang y Pei-Yu Wu. "Determinants of Longitudinal Change of Lung Function in Different Gender in a Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study Categories: Original Investigation". Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, n.º 10 (15 de octubre de 2021): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11101033.
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Chronic lung disease is associated with tremendous social and economic burden worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the sex-specific risk factors for changes in lung function in a large longitudinal study. We included 9059 participants from the Taiwan Biobank. None of the participants had a history of smoking, asthma, emphysema or bronchitis. Lung function was assessed using spirometry measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Change in the FEV1/FVC (ΔFEV1/FVC) was calculated as a follow-up FEV1/FVC minus baseline FEV1/FVC. Linear regression analysis was used to identify associations between variables and ΔFEV1/FVC in the male and female participants. After multivariable adjustments, the male participants (vs. females; p = 0.021) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. In addition, the male participants with low aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.003), high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.006) and a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. For the female participants, low systolic blood pressure (p = 0.005), low diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.031), low AST (p < 0.001), high ALT (p < 0.001) and a low eGFR (p = 0.001) were significantly associated with a low ΔFEV1/FVC. In this large follow-up study, we found that the male participants had a faster decrease in the FEV1/FVC than the female participants. In addition, liver and renal functions were correlated with changes in lung function in both the male and female participants. Our findings provide useful information on sex-specific changes in lung function.
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Vonderschmidt, Alexander, Kathryn Bass, Bonnie Patchen, Kathryn Arnold, Eric Shiroma, Eleanor Simonsick, Dana Handock y Patricia Cassano. "Is Adherence to the Healthy Eating Index – 2015 Associated with Rate of Decline in Lung Function". Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (junio de 2022): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.075.
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Abstract Objectives We investigated the hypothesis that a healthier dietary pattern score is associated with higher lung function with stronger associations in smokers. Methods We studied participants in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (n = 2,549) and the Respiratory Ancillary Study (n = 2,866). Three dietary pattern scores, based on Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED), and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), were calculated from FFQs. Associations between the 3 diet pattern scores and lung function [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC] were estimated using linear mixed effects regression models. Stratified analyses were explored in never vs. ever smokers. Models were run within cohort and meta-analyzed results are presented. Results The cross-sectional association of dietary pattern and lung function was estimated and a 1-point higher HEI-2015, AMED, and DASH score was associated with a 2 mL, 6 mL, and 6 mL, respectively, higher FEV1 (P < 0.05) at any point in the follow-up. Among ever smokers, the associations were stronger with effect sizes of 6 mL (P = 0.002), 25 mL (P < 0.001), and 7 mL (P < 0.001), respectively. There was little to no association of dietary pattern score and the longitudinal rate of decline in lung function. The findings for FVC were similar, with evidence of cross-sectional but not longitudinal associations. There was little to no association of dietary pattern with FEV1/FVC. Conclusions We found a positive cross-sectional association of dietary pattern score with lung function, but little to no association of dietary pattern with longitudinal decline in lung function. The cross-sectional associations were modified by smoking status such that a healthier dietary pattern had a stronger positive association with lung function in cigarette smokers. Funding Sources This research was supported by R01 HL149352 (PIs: PAC and DBH).
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Hsu, Yu-En, Szu-Chia Chen, Jiun-Hung Geng, Da-Wei Wu, Pei-Yu Wu y Jiun-Chi Huang. "Obesity-Related Indices Are Associated with Longitudinal Changes in Lung Function: A Large Taiwanese Population Follow-Up Study". Nutrients 13, n.º 11 (12 de noviembre de 2021): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114055.
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The global pandemic of obesity and the increasing incidence of chronic respiratory diseases are growing health concerns. The association between obesity and pulmonary function is uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to explore associations between changes in lung function and obesity-related indices in a large longitudinal study. A total of 9059 participants with no personal histories of asthma, smoking, bronchitis, or emphysema were enrolled from the Taiwan Biobank and followed for 4 years. Lung function was assessed using spirometry measurements including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Changes in FEV1/FVC (∆FEV1/FVC) between baseline and follow-up were calculated. The following obesity-related indices were studied: lipid accumulation product (LAP), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), body adiposity index (BAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). In multivariable analysis, the subjects with high BMI (p < 0.001), WHR (p < 0.001), WHtR (p < 0.001), LAP (p = 0.002), BRI (p < 0.001), CI (p = 0.005), BAI (p < 0.001), and AVI (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a high baseline FEV1/FVC. After 4 years of follow-up, the subjects with high BMI (p < 0.001), WHR (p < 0.001), WHtR (p < 0.001), LAP (p = 0.001), BRI (p < 0.001), CI (p = 0.002), BAI (p < 0.001), and AVI (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a low △FEV1/FVC. High obesity-related index values were associated with better baseline lung function and a rapid decrease in lung function at follow-up.
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Robbins, DR, PL Enright y DL Sherrill. "Lung function development in young adults: is there a plateau phase?" European Respiratory Journal 8, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1995): 768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.95.08050768.
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Numerous population studies have reported that pulmonary function following the adolescent growth phase appears to be in a steady-state, where there is little or no growth occurring up to 40 yrs of age. We examined longitudinal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), changes using three different statistical approaches to determine which subjects actually have significant trends during this period. Participants, who were employees at a metal processing plant, underwent quarterly spirometry for up to 10 yrs. Test results up to 33 yrs of age were included in the analysis. Each subject's FEV1 data was first analysed using simple linear regression (SLR) to test for a statistically significant linear slope. Next, each subject's data were fitted using bootstrap sampling (BSS) of their original data, to yield reduced estimates of the slope variances and increase the power of detecting a significant trend. And thirdly, we fitted a regression breakpoint (BKPT) model to the data to find those subjects who may have piecewise linear growth or decline in function. All analyses were stratified, based on smoking status. Subjects included 111 nonsmokers and 110 smokers. Among the nonsmokers, 34 subjects had significant slopes using SLR, an additional three using BSS, and only two with BKPT. Among the smokers, 36 had a significant trend using SLR, 7 were added using BSS, and no additional subjects with BKPT. We conclude that in young adult males lung function is not in a steady-state and that as many as 40% have a significant slope, either positive or negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Sarwar, Muhammad Rehan, Vanessa Marie McDonald, Michael John Abramson, Eldho Paul y Johnson George. "Treatable traits in an English cohort: prevalence and predictors of future decline in lung function and quality of life in COPD". ERJ Open Research 7, n.º 2 (18 de febrero de 2021): 00934–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00934-2020.
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Background“Treatable traits (TTs)” is a precision medicine approach for facilitating multidimensional assessment of every patient with chronic airway disease, in order to determine the core traits associated with disease outcomes where targeted treatments may be applied.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of TTs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and which traits predict future decline in lung function and quality of life (QoL).MethodsA 4-year longitudinal evaluation was conducted using data from 3726 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). TTs were identified based on published recommendations. Traits that predicted decline in lung function and QoL were analysed using generalised estimating equations.ResultsOverall, 21 TTs, including pulmonary (n=5), extra-pulmonary (n=13) and behavioural/lifestyle risk-factors (n=3) were identified. In multivariate analyses, the traits of chronic bronchitis (β −0.186, 95% CI −0.290 to −0.082), breathlessness (β −0.093, 95% CI −0.164 to −0.022), underweight (β −0.216, 95% CI −0.373 to −0.058), sarcopenia (β −0.162, 95% CI −0.262 to −0.061) and current smoking (β −0.228, 95% CI −0.304 to −0.153) predicted decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Of the seven traits that predicted decline in QoL, depression (β −7.19, 95% CI −8.81 to −5.57) and poor family and social support (β −5.12, 95% CI −6.65 to −3.59) were the strongest.ConclusionThe core TTs of COPD associated with a decline in lung function and QoL were identified. Targeting these impactful traits with individualised treatment using a precision medicine approach may improve outcomes in people with COPD.
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Field, Joshua J., Borna Mehrad, Marie Burdick, Kaushik Shahir, Debora Nischik, Pippa Simpson, Robert Strieter y C. Edward Rose. "Higher Levels of Circulating Fibrocytes Are Associated with Lower Oxygen Saturation in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease". Blood 124, n.º 21 (6 de diciembre de 2014): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2710.2710.
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Abstract Background: In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), tissue injury due to vaso-occlusion can result in fibrosis and organ dysfunction. Fibrocytes are circulating bone marrow-derived cells that can home to damaged organs, differentiate into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and contribute to scarring. Fibrocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in several animal models, including a mouse model of SCD. A preliminary study of patients with SCD suggests that the concentration of circulating fibrocytes is increased compared to controls. To build upon these findings, we tested the hypothesis that in adults with SCD higher levels of fibrocytes are associated with measures of lung disease. Methods: In a prospective cohort study of steady state adults with SCD, peripheral blood fibrocytes were measured and subjects underwent a pulmonary assessment that included pulmonary function tests, resting pulse oximetry, a 6-minute walk test, 2-D echocardiography, and high-resolution chest CT. A control group of healthy, African Americans also provided fibrocyte measurements and had pulmonary function testing. Fibrocytes were identified as collagen-1+ CD45+ cells using quantitative flow cytometry. For statistical analyses, fibrocyte values were log-transformed. Continuous and dichotomous variables were tested with Pearson’s correlation and Mann-Whitney U, respectively. Results: The cohort was comprised of 47 adults with SCD and 19 healthy African American controls. Sixty percent of the SCD subjects were HbSS or HbS-β-thalassemia0. Mean age (SD) of SCD cases was 35 years (±11) and 70% were female. Twenty-seven percent of SCD cases had asthma and 41% had a significant smoking history. Sixty-four percent of SCD cases had ground glass opacities on CT of the lung, 34% had bronchiectasis and 20% had evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. Compared to controls, patients with SCD had lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p<0.001), forced vital capacity (p<0.001), and pre- and post-bronchodilator 25-75% forced expiratory flow (FEF25-75%) (p=0.006). Fibrocyte levels also trended higher in patients with SCD compared to controls (median 1.2 x 106 vs. 8.5 x 105, p=0.07). Within patients with SCD, most fibrocytes expressed the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and smaller subsets expressed CCR2 or CCR7. Increased levels of fibrocytes in patients with SCD were associated with lower oxygen saturation (p=0.01) and higher reticulocyte counts (p=0.01). Lower oxygen saturation and higher reticulocyte counts were also associated with each other, independent of fibrocytes (p=0.007). Fibrocytes expressing CXCR4, a chemokine that mediates homing to the lungs, were associated with lower post-bronchodilator FEF25-75% (p=0.04). There was no association between fibrocyte levels and other measures of pulmonary function testing, degree of fibrosis on high-resolution CT, or abnormalities on 2-D echocardiogram or 6-minute walk. Conclusion: In adults with SCD, higher fibrocyte levels were associated with lower resting oxygen saturation and FEF25-75%, a measure of lung obstruction. Significant lung pathology was observed in a high percentage of SCD patients. The associations between fibrocyte levels, hypoxia and a measure of pulmonary dysfunction suggest that fibrocytes contribute to this lung disease. Higher reticulocyte counts in patients with increased fibrocytes may be due to the association of both reticulocyte count and fibrocyte level with hypoxia. Ongoing longitudinal studies may better define the relationship between fibrocytes and evolving lung disease. If additional evidence is found in these longitudinal studies, fibrocytes could be a therapeutic target to prevent chronic pulmonary disease in adults with SCD. Disclosures Field: NKTT: Consultancy, Research Funding. Strieter:Novartis: Employment.
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Muro, Shigeo, Masato Ishida, Yoshiharu Horie, Wataru Takeuchi, Shunki Nakagawa, Hideyuki Ban, Tohru Nakagawa y Tetsuhisa Kitamura. "Machine Learning Methods for the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Healthy Subjects: Retrospective Observational Cohort Study". JMIR Medical Informatics 9, n.º 7 (6 de julio de 2021): e24796. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24796.
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Background Airflow limitation is a critical physiological feature in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), for which long-term exposure to noxious substances, including tobacco smoke, is an established risk. However, not all long-term smokers develop COPD, meaning that other risk factors exist. Objective This study aimed to predict the risk factors for COPD diagnosis using machine learning in an annual medical check-up database. Methods In this retrospective observational cohort study (ARTDECO [Analysis of Risk Factors to Detect COPD]), annual medical check-up records for all Hitachi Ltd employees in Japan collected from April 1998 to March 2019 were analyzed. Employees who provided informed consent via an opt-out model were screened and those aged 30 to 75 years without a prior diagnosis of COPD/asthma or a history of cancer were included. The database included clinical measurements (eg, pulmonary function tests) and questionnaire responses. To predict the risk factors for COPD diagnosis within a 3-year period, the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree machine learning (XGBoost) method was applied as a primary approach, with logistic regression as a secondary method. A diagnosis of COPD was made when the ratio of the prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) to prebronchodilator forced vital capacity (FVC) was <0.7 during two consecutive examinations. Results Of the 26,101 individuals screened, 1213 met the exclusion criteria, and thus, 24,815 individuals were included in the analysis. The top 10 predictors for COPD diagnosis were FEV1/FVC, smoking status, allergic symptoms, cough, pack years, hemoglobin A1c, serum albumin, mean corpuscular volume, percent predicted vital capacity, and percent predicted value of FEV1. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the XGBoost model and the logistic regression model were 0.956 and 0.943, respectively. Conclusions Using a machine learning model in this longitudinal database, we identified a number of parameters as risk factors other than smoking exposure or lung function to support general practitioners and occupational health physicians to predict the development of COPD. Further research to confirm our results is warranted, as our analysis involved a database used only in Japan.
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Neczypor, Evan W., Matthew J. Mears, Arunava Ghosh, M. Flori Sassano, Richard J. Gumina, Loren E. Wold y Robert Tarran. "E-Cigarettes and Cardiopulmonary Health: Review for Clinicians". Circulation 145, n.º 3 (18 de enero de 2022): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.121.056777.
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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery powered electronic nicotine delivery systems that use a propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin base to deliver vaporized nicotine and flavorings to the body. E-cigarettes became commercially available without evidence regarding their risks, long-term safety, or utility in smoking cessation. Recent clinical trials suggest that e-cigarette use with counseling may be effective in reducing cigarette use but not nicotine dependence. However, meta-analyses of observational studies demonstrate that e-cigarette use is not associated with smoking cessation. Cardiovascular studies reported sympathetic activation, vascular stiffening, and endothelial dysfunction, which are associated with adverse cardiovascular events. The majority of pulmonary clinical trials in e-cigarette users included standard spirometry as the primary outcome measure, reporting no change in lung function. However, studies reported increased biomarkers of pulmonary disease in e-cigarette users. These studies were conducted in adults, but >30% of high school–age adolescents reported e-cigarette use. The effects of e-cigarette use on cardiopulmonary endpoints in adolescents and young adults remain unstudied. Because of adverse clinical findings and associations between e-cigarette use and increased incidence of respiratory diseases in people who have never smoked, large longitudinal studies are needed to understand the risk profile of e-cigarettes. Consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations, clinicians should monitor the health risks of e-cigarette use, discourage nonsmokers and adolescents from using e-cigarettes, and discourage smokers from engaging in dual use without cigarette reduction or cessation.
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Shimizu, Kaoruko, Naoya Tanabe, Nguyen Van Tho, Masaru Suzuki, Hironi Makita, Susumu Sato, Shigeo Muro et al. "Per cent low attenuation volume and fractal dimension of low attenuation clusters on CT predict different long-term outcomes in COPD". Thorax 75, n.º 2 (2 de enero de 2020): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213525.
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BackgroundFractal dimension (D) characterises the size distribution of low attenuation clusters on CT and assesses the spatial heterogeneity of emphysema that per cent low attenuation volume (%LAV) cannot detect. This study tested the hypothesis that %LAV and D have different roles in predicting decline in FEV1, exacerbation and mortality in patients with COPD.MethodsChest inspiratory CT scans in the baseline and longitudinal follow-up records for FEV1, exacerbation and mortality prospectively collected over 10 years in the Hokkaido COPD Cohort Study were examined (n=96). The associations between CT measures and long-term outcomes were replicated in the Kyoto University cohort (n=130).ResultsIn the Hokkaido COPD cohort, higher %LAV, but not D, was associated with a greater decline in FEV1 and 10-year mortality, whereas lower D, but not %LAV, was associated with shorter time to first exacerbation. Multivariable analysis for the Kyoto University cohort confirmed that lower D at baseline was independently associated with shorter time to first exacerbation and that higher LAV% was independently associated with increased mortality after adjusting for age, height, weight, FEV1 and smoking status.ConclusionThese well-established cohorts clarify the different prognostic roles of %LAV and D, whereby lower D is associated with a higher risk of exacerbation and higher %LAV is associated with a rapid decline in lung function and long-term mortality. Combination of %LAV and fractal D may identify COPD subgroups at high risk of a poor clinical outcome more sensitively.
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Maidstone, Robert J., James Turner, Celine Vetter, Hassan S. Dashti, Richa Saxena, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Steven A. Shea et al. "Night shift work is associated with an increased risk of asthma". Thorax 76, n.º 1 (16 de noviembre de 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215218.
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IntroductionShift work causes misalignment between internal circadian time and the external light/dark cycle and is associated with metabolic disorders and cancer. Approximately 20% of the working population in industrialised countries work permanent or rotating night shifts, exposing this large population to the risk of circadian misalignment-driven disease. Analysis of the impact of shift work on chronic inflammatory diseases is lacking. We investigated the association between shift work and asthma.MethodsWe describe the cross-sectional relationship between shift work and prevalent asthma in >280000 UK Biobank participants, making adjustments for major confounding factors (smoking history, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, physical activity, body mass index). We also investigated chronotype.ResultsCompared with day workers, ‘permanent’ night shift workers had a higher likelihood of moderate-severe asthma (OR 1.36 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.8)) and all asthma (OR 1.23 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.46)). Individuals doing any type of shift work had higher adjusted odds of wheeze/whistling in the chest. Shift workers who never or rarely worked on nights and people working permanent nights had a higher adjusted likelihood of having reduced lung function (FEV1 <80% predicted). We found an increase in the risk of moderate-severe asthma in morning chronotypes working irregular shifts, including nights (OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.27)).ConclusionsThe public health implications of these findings are far-reaching due to the high prevalence and co-occurrence of both asthma and shift work. Future longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to determine if modifying shift work schedules to take into account chronotype might present a public health measure to reduce the risk of developing inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
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Tabberer, Maggie, Sebastian Gonzalez-McQuire, Hana Muellerova, Andrew H. Briggs, Maureen P. M. H. Rutten-van Mölken, Mike Chambers y David A. Lomas. "Development of a Conceptual Model of Disease Progression for Use in Economic Modeling of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease". Medical Decision Making 37, n.º 4 (2 de agosto de 2016): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x16662009.
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Background. To develop and validate a new conceptual model (CM) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for use in disease progression and economic modeling. The CM identifies and describes qualitative associations between disease attributes, progression and outcomes. Methods. A literature review was performed to identify any published CMs or literature reporting the impact and association of COPD disease attributes with outcomes. After critical analysis of the literature, a Steering Group of experts from the disciplines of health economics, epidemiology and clinical medicine was convened to develop a draft CM, which was refined using a Delphi process. The refined CM was validated by testing for associations between attributes using data from the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE). Results. Disease progression attributes included in the final CM were history and occurrence of exacerbations, lung function, exercise capacity, signs and symptoms (cough, sputum, dyspnea), cardiovascular disease comorbidities, ‘other’ comorbidities (including depression), body composition (body mass index), fibrinogen as a biomarker, smoking and demographic characteristics (age, gender). Mortality and health-related quality of life were determined to be the most relevant final outcome measures for this model, intended to be the foundation of an economic model of COPD. Conclusion. The CM is being used as the foundation for developing a new COPD model of disease progression and to provide a framework for the analysis of patient-level data. The CM is available as a reference for the implementation of further disease progression and economic models.
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Pahwa, Punam, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, Helen H. McDuffie y James A. Dosman. "Longitudinal Decline in Lung Function Measurements among Saskatchewan Grain Workers". Canadian Respiratory Journal 10, n.º 3 (2003): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/914753.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the long term effects of grain dust and decline in lung function among grain elevator workers in Saskatchewan, studied over a 15-year period.METHODS: The Grain Dust Medical Surveillance Program was started by Labour Canada in 1978 and longitudinally studied the respiratory health of Canadian grain elevator workers over a 15-year period (1978 to 1993). Data on respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC]) were collected once every three years; each three-year interval was called a 'cycle'. Data from Saskatchewan were analyzed for this report. A transitional model using the generalized estimating equations approach was fitted using a SAS macro to predict the annual decline in FEV1and FVC.RESULTS: Previous lung function, as one of the covariates in the transitional model, played an important role. Significant predictors of FEV1were previous FEV1, base height, weight, years in the grain industry, current smoking status, cycle II, cycle III and cycle V. Significant predictors of FVC were previous FVC, base height, weight, years in the grain industry, cycle II, cycle III and cycle IV.CONCLUSIONS: The estimated annual decline in FEV1and FVC increased according to length of time in the grain industry among nonsmoking, ex-smoking and smoking grain elevator workers. Lung function values improved after dust control, and yearly declines in FEV1and FVC after dust control were smaller compared with yearly losses before dust control.
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Andujar, Pascal, Dominique Courbon, Emilie Bizard, Elisabeth Marcos, Serge Adnot, Laurent Boyer, Pascal Demoly et al. "Smoking, telomere length and lung function decline: a longitudinal population-based study". Thorax 73, n.º 3 (19 de julio de 2017): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210294.
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Telomere shortening is associated with COPD and impaired lung function in cross-sectional studies, but there is no longitudinal study. We used data from 448 participants recruited as part of the French follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. We found no relationship between telomere length at baseline and FEV1 decline after 11 years of follow-up. However, heavy smoking was associated with an accelerated FEV1 decline in individuals with short telomeres, but not in subjects with longer telomeres (p for interaction p=0.08). Our findings suggest that short telomere length in peripheral leucocytes might be a marker for increased susceptibility to the effect of smoking.
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Hancox, Robert J., Andrew R. Gray, Malcolm R. Sears y Richie Poulton. "Systemic inflammation and lung function: A longitudinal analysis". Respiratory Medicine 111 (febrero de 2016): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2015.12.007.
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Pastro, LD, M. Lemos, FL Fernandes, SR Saldiva, SE Vieira, BM Romanholo, PH Saldiva y RP Francisco. "Longitudinal study of lung function in pregnant women: Influence of parity and smoking". Clinics 72, n.º 10 (12 de octubre de 2017): 595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(10)02.
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Tang, Wenbo, Amy R. Bentley, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Tamara B. Harris, Anne B. Newman, Douglas C. Bauer, Bernd Meibohm y Patricia A. Cassano. "Genetic variation in antioxidant enzymes, cigarette smoking, and longitudinal change in lung function". Free Radical Biology and Medicine 63 (octubre de 2013): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.016.
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Gao, J., S. Ohlmeier, P. Nieminen, T. Toljamo, S. Tiitinen, T. Kanerva, L. Bingle et al. "Elevated sputum BPIFB1 levels in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a longitudinal study". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 309, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2015): L17—L26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00082.2015.
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A previous study involving a proteomic screen of induced sputum from smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) demonstrated elevated levels of bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing protein B1 (BPIFB1). The aim of the present study was to further evaluate the association of sputum BPIFB1 levels with smoking and longitudinal changes in lung function in smokers with COPD. Sputum BPIFB1 was characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The expression of BPIFB1 in COPD was investigated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using sputum and lung tissue samples. BPIFB1 levels were also assessed in induced sputum from nonsmokers ( n = 31), smokers ( n = 169), and patients with COPD ( n = 52) via an ELISA-based method. The longitudinal changes in lung function during the 4-year follow-up period were compared with the baseline sputum BPIFB1 levels. In lung tissue samples, BPIFB1 was localized to regions of goblet cell metaplasia. Secreted and glycosylated BPIFB1 was significantly elevated in the sputum of patients with COPD compared with that of smokers and nonsmokers. Sputum BPIFB1 levels correlated with pack-years and lung function as measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % predicted and FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) at baseline and after the 4-year follow-up in all participants. The changes in lung function over 4 years were significantly associated with BPIFB1 levels in current smokers with COPD. In conclusion, higher sputum concentrations of BPIFB1 were associated with changes of lung function over time, especially in current smokers with COPD. BPIFB1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of smoking-related lung diseases.
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Johansson, Sofie L., Qihua Tan, René Holst, Lene Christiansen, Niels C. G. Hansen, Allan T. Hojland, Helle Wulf-Johansson et al. "Surfactant protein D is a candidate biomarker for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 306, n.º 9 (1 de mayo de 2014): L887—L895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00340.2013.
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Variation in surfactant protein D (SP-D) is associated with lung function in tobacco smoke-induced chronic respiratory disease. We hypothesized that the same association exists in the general population and could be used to identify individuals sensitive to smoke-induced lung damage. The association between serum SP-D (sSP-D) and expiratory lung function was assessed in a cross-sectional design in a Danish twin population ( n = 1,512, 18–72 yr old). The adjusted heritability estimates for expiratory lung function, associations between SP-D gene ( SFTPD) single-nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes, and expiratory lung function were assessed using twin study methodology and mixed-effects models. Significant inverse associations were evident between sSP-D and the forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity in the presence of current tobacco smoking but not in nonsmokers. The two SFTPD single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs1923536 and rs721917, and haplotypes, including these single-nucleotide polymorphisms or rs2243539, were inversely associated with expiratory lung function in interaction with smoking. In conclusion, SP-D is phenotypically and genetically associated with lung function measures in interaction with tobacco smoking. The obtained data suggest sSP-D as a candidate biomarker in risk assessments for subclinical tobacco smoke-induced lung damage. The data and derived conclusion warrant confirmation in a longitudinal population following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease initiation and development.
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Kukhareva, Polina V., Tanner J. Caverly, Haojia Li, Hormuzd A. Katki, Li C. Cheung, Thomas J. Reese, Guilherme Del Fiol et al. "Inaccuracies in electronic health records smoking data and a potential approach to address resulting underestimation in determining lung cancer screening eligibility". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 29, n.º 5 (15 de febrero de 2022): 779–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocac020.
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Abstract Objective The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) requires the estimation of lifetime pack-years to determine lung cancer screening eligibility. Leading electronic health record (EHR) vendors calculate pack-years using only the most recently recorded smoking data. The objective was to characterize EHR smoking data issues and to propose an approach to addressing these issues using longitudinal smoking data. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 16 874 current or former smokers who met USPSTF age criteria for screening (50–80 years old), had no prior lung cancer diagnosis, and were seen in 2020 at an academic health system using the Epic® EHR. We described and quantified issues in the smoking data. We then estimated how many additional potentially eligible patients could be identified using longitudinal data. The approach was verified through manual review of records from 100 subjects. Results Over 80% of evaluated records had inaccuracies, including missing packs-per-day or years-smoked (42.7%), outdated data (25.1%), missing years-quit (17.4%), and a recent change in packs-per-day resulting in inaccurate lifetime pack-years estimation (16.9%). Addressing these issues by using longitudinal data enabled the identification of 49.4% more patients potentially eligible for lung cancer screening (P < .001). Discussion Missing, outdated, and inaccurate smoking data in the EHR are important barriers to effective lung cancer screening. Data collection and analysis strategies that reflect changes in smoking habits over time could improve the identification of patients eligible for screening. Conclusion The use of longitudinal EHR smoking data could improve lung cancer screening.
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Jaakkola, M. "Passive smoking and evolution of lung function in young adults. An 8-year longitudinal study". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 48, n.º 3 (marzo de 1995): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(94)00157-l.
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Hopper, J. L., M. E. Hibbert, G. T. Macaskill, P. D. Phelan y L. I. Landau. "Longitudinal analysis of lung function growth in healthy children and adolescents". Journal of Applied Physiology 70, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1991): 770–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.770.
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Lung function and height in 242 8-yr-old and 299 12-yr-old children without known or suspected predisposition to lung disease were measured annually over 6 and 8 yr, respectively. Growth of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), vital capacity, and expiratory flow after expiring 50% of vital capacity were statistically modeled by age and height by use of a multivariate normal model for longitudinal data. This method has the flexibility to fit an appropriate (not necessarily linear) mathematical description of average lung function while concurrently modeling the covariance between measures on the same individual. Differences in lung function growth between girls and boys, pre- and post-puberty, showed that girls had a steadier though less pronounced increase in lung function with height. In boys, before puberty there was deficit in lung volume relative to height (not evident in girls), which was compensated for by rapid growth after puberty. The standard error of FEV1 predictions based on current height and age were more than halved when measurements of FEV1, age, and height taken 1 yr before were incorporated. We found evidence for dysanaptic growth in childhood. Fitted models have application to early detection of departures from healthy lung function.
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Jaakkola, Jouni J. K., Samu Hernberg, Taina K. Lajunen, Penpatra Sripaijboonkij, L. Pekka Malmberg y Maritta S. Jaakkola. "Smoking and lung function among adults with newly onset asthma". BMJ Open Respiratory Research 6, n.º 1 (marzo de 2019): e000377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2018-000377.
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IntroductionSmoking increases the risk of asthma and reduces lung function among subjects with and without asthma. We assessed the effects of smoking on lung function reflecting both central and small airways among adults with newly onset asthma.MethodsIn a population-based study, 521 (response rate 86%) working-aged adults with clinically defined newly diagnosed asthma answered a questionnaire on personal smoking and other factors potentially influencing lung function, and performed spirometry. We applied multiple linear regression analysis to estimate the relations between smoking and lung function adjusting for confounding.ResultsAmong asthmatics, FEV1 level was reduced significantly, on average 208 mL, related to regular smoking (adjusted effect estimate −0.208, 95% CI −0.355 to −0.061) and 245 mL in relation to former smoking, that is, among those who quit less than a year ago (−0.245, 95% CI −0.485 to −0.004). In contrast, FEV1 was not significantly related to occasional smoking or former smoking among those who quit over a year ago. Forced expiratory flow (FEF) levels (L/s) were also significantly reduced among regular smokers (FEF25–75%: −0.372, 95% CI −0.607 to −0.137; FEF50%: −0.476, 95% CI −0.750 to −0.202). An exposure–response pattern related to both daily smoking rate and lifetime cumulative smoking was seen both among men and women.ConclusionsThis study provides new evidence that among working-aged adults with new asthma, regular smoking and former smoking reduce lung function levels with a dose–response pattern. The lung function parameters applied as outcomes reflect both larger and smaller airways.
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Sherrill, D. L., C. J. Holberg, P. L. Enright, M. D. Lebowitz y B. Burrows. "Longitudinal analysis of the effects of smoking onset and cessation on pulmonary function." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 149, n.º 3 (marzo de 1994): 591–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.149.3.8118623.
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Prescott, E., AM Bjerg, PK Andersen, P. Lange y J. Vestbo. "Gender difference in smoking effects on lung function and risk of hospitalization for COPD: results from a Danish longitudinal population study". European Respiratory Journal 10, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1997): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.97.10040822.
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Recent findings suggest that females may be more susceptible than males to the deleterious influence of tobacco smoking in developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This paper studies the interaction of gender and smoking on development of COPD as assessed by lung function and hospital admission. A total of 13,897 subjects, born after 1920, from two population studies, 9,083 from the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS) and 4,814 from the Glostrup Population Studies (GPS), were followed for 7-16 yrs. Data were linked with information on hospital admissions caused by COPD. Based on cross-sectional data, in the CCHS the estimated excess loss of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) per pack-year of smoking was 7.4 mL in female smokers who inhaled and 6.3 mL in male smokers who inhaled. In the GPS, the corresponding excess loss of FEV1 was 10.5 and 8.4 mL in females and males, respectively. Two hundred and eighteen subjects in the CCHS and 23 in the GPS were hospitalized during follow-up. Risk associated with pack-years was higher in females than in males (relative risks (RRs) for 1-20, 20-40 and >40 pack-years were 7.0 (3.5-14.1), 9.8 (4.9-19.6) and 23.3 (10.7-50.9) in females, and 3.2 (1.1-9.1), 5.7 (2.2-14.3) and 8.4 (3.3-21.6) in males) but the interaction term gender x pack-years did not reach significance (p=0.08). Results were similar in the GPS. After adjusting for smoking in more detail, females in both cohorts had an increased risk of hospitalization for COPD compared to males with a RR of 1.5 (1.2-2.1) in the CCHS and 3.6 (1.4-9.0) in the GPS. This was not likely to be caused by a generally increased rate of hospital admission for females. Results were similar when including deaths from COPD as endpoint. In two independent population samples, smoking had greater impact on the lung function of females than males, and after adjusting for smoking females subsequently suffered a higher risk of being admitted to hospital for COPD. Results suggest that adverse effects of smoking on lung function may be greater in females than in males.
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Kirychuk, Shelley P., Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, James A. Dosman, Chen Zhou, Ernie M. Barber, Chuck S. Rhodes y Tom S. Hurst. "Predictors of Longitudinal Changes in Pulmonary Function among Swine Confinement Workers". Canadian Respiratory Journal 5, n.º 6 (1998): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/792354.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of longitudinal changes in pulmonary function in swine confinement workers.DESIGN: Longitudinal study conducted from November 1989 to June 1991 and January 1994 to May 1995.SETTING: Swine confinement workers in Saskatchewan.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two swine confinement workers who were studied in 1989/90 and studied again in 1994/95.RESULTS: Of 98 male swine confinement workers (mean age ± SD 36.3±11.1 years) studied at baseline, 42 were studied again five years following. Complete information on baseline across-shift pulmonary function (preshift forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], and every 2 h FEV1and FVC during the shift), and five-year follow-up pulmonary function (with FEV1and FVC) were available on all 42 subjects. Mean across-shift changes (preshift measurement to last measurement of the day) at baseline were -159.8±61.7 mL in FEV1and -35.3±65.6 mL in FVC. Mean annual rate change between baseline and follow-up for FEV1was -53.9±61.7 mL/year and for FVC -48.9±71.6 mL/year. After adjusting for age, height, smoking and hours spent in the barn, the baseline across-shift change in FEV1and FVC was a significant predictor of annual rate change in FEV1(P=0.01) and FVC (P=0.02), respectively. To determine the effects of indoor air quality on longitudinal lung function decline, indoor air environmental measurements were analysed. Complete information on respiratory health and indoor air quality was available on 34 of the 42 subjects. Assessment of indoor environment of swine barns included a summer and winter measurement for airborne dust, gases and endotoxin levels. After adjusting for age, height, smoking, ammonia and hours spent in the barn, the endotoxin level (Eu/mg)was a significant predictor of annual rate change for FEV1but not FVC.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that shift change is an important predictor of longitudinal changes in lung function in swine confinement workers and that endotoxin exposures may mediate annual decline in FEV1in these workers.
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Yamada, Shingo, Takao Fujisawa y Mizuho Nagao. "Cluster analysis of longitudinal lung function measurements in prepubertal children with asthma". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 145, n.º 2 (febrero de 2020): AB205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.213.
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Choi, Jisu, Eunju Park y Jae Woong Sull. "The Relationship between Smoking and Pulmonary Function Test by Body Mass Index and Age: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey". Korean Journal of Health Promotion 20, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2020): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15384/kjhp.2020.20.4.151.
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Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for decreasing pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and lung function considering obesity and age group.Methods: This study was based on the data collected during the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES VII). A total of 3,411 adults were retrieved from KNHANES VII. Among 3,411 adults, we studied 1,411 male subjects. Impaired lung function was measured by spirometry at least twice. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance.Results: In this study, forced expiratory volume in the first second was associated with smoking status (P=0.024). The association was stronger in old subjects (P=0.008). Also, in the obese group, the association of lung function with smoking status was not significant, but the association was significant in the non-obese group (P=0.019).Conclusions: In this study, Smoking was significantly associated with impaired lung function. The association was stronger in old men and obese men. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the association between smoking and pulmonary function values, further prospective cohort study in the future is necessary.
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Kim, Bong-Hyun y Dong-Uk Cho. "Influence Analysis on the Lung Function due to Smoking Using Image Processing Techniques". Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 37, n.º 7C (31 de julio de 2012): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2012.37.7c.610.
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Hnizdo, Eva, Tieliang Yan, Artak Hakobyan, Paul Enright, Lu-Ann Beeckman-Wagner, John Hankinson, James Fleming y Edward Lee Petsonk. "Spirometry Longitudinal Data Analysis Software (SPIROLA) for Analysis of Spirometry Data in Workplace Prevention or COPD Treatment". Open Medical Informatics Journal 4, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2010): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874431101004010094.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Periodic spirometry is often recommended for individuals with potential occupational exposure to respiratory hazards and in medical treatment of respiratory disease, to prevent COPD or improve treatment outcome. To achieve the full potential of spirometry monitoring in preserving lung function, it is important to maintain acceptable precision of the longitudinal measurements, apply interpretive strategies that identify individuals with abnormal test results or excessive loss of lung function in a timely manner, and use the results for intervention on respiratory disease prevention or treatment modification. We describe novel, easy-to-use visual and analytical software, Spirometry Longitudinal Data Analysis software (SPIROLA), designed to assist healthcare providers in the above aspects of spirometry monitoring. Software application in ongoing workplace spirometry-based medical monitoring programs helped to identify increased spirometry data variability due to deteriorating test quality and subsequent improvement following interventions, and helped to enhance identification of individuals with excessive decline in lung function.
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Indraswari, Putu Ika Indah, Amelia Lorensia y Rivan Virlando Suryadinata. "Analysis Effect of Nutrition Intake on Lung Function of Active Smoker and Non Smoker". Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 14, n.º 2 (5 de noviembre de 2018): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v14i2.14947.
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Smoking is major cause of respiratory disorders and the data report in 2012 shows in Indonesia there are 384.058 cases of disesase caused by cigarettes. Nicotine and other substance in cigarette smokes are known that will affect nutritional intake and lung function of active smokers. This study observed healthy adult males aged 18-40 who were divided into two groups of active smokers with minimal 2 years exposure to filter type cigarettes and nonsmoker in 2018. Purpose of this study are to analyze the influence of smoking on nutrition intake and lung function and compared the results with nonsmoker groups. Data from 63 respondents in each group showed significant differences in nutrition intake and lung function (%FVC dan %FEV1) (p=0,001) in both groups. Results of this study showed an average caloric intake of 1787,37 calories and decreased the value of %FVC and %FEV1 respectively 90,48% and 96,83% of respondents in the active smokers group. Results of correlation test showed there is a significant relationship between nutritional intake on lung function.
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Li, Guangming y Kunmei Li. "Turning Point of Cognitive Decline for Chinese Older Adults from a Longitudinal Analysis: Protective Factors and Risk Factors". Healthcare 10, n.º 11 (17 de noviembre de 2022): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112304.
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Objectives: To explore the turning point of cognitive decline in Chinese older adults and to explore the influencing factors including covariates. Participants: Aged 65 and older whose cognitive function was normal at their first test. Methods: a secondary analysis that identified participants from the database of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). Cohort-sequential design was used to categorize the data by age (rather than study wave), including the follow-up data of Chinese older adults aged 65–79 years and spanning 14 years. Cognitive function in 1278 participants was assessed using the Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE) in five waves over 14 years. Piecewise latent growth curve modeling was used to analyze the data. Results: (1) The turning point of cognitive decline in Chinese older adults occurs between the ages of 68 and 70. (2) There are statistically significant individual differences in the initial level of cognitive function and the growth rate of cognitive function before and after the transition stage. (3) Factors influencing cognitive function include residence, education level, smoking, drinking, exercise, leisure activities, social activities, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities for Daily Living (IADL). (4) Exercise and ADL are the main protective factors, while smoking and drinking are the main risk factors. Conclusions: There is a transition stage (68–70) in the decline of cognitive function in Chinese older adults and four main factors (such as smoking, drinking, exercise and ADL) have impacts on the cognitive decline. We should strengthen these protective factors (exercise and ADL) for the cognitive decline of older adults and avoid these risk factors (smoking, drinking). To prevent the decline of the cognitive function of older adults, the government should build more places conducive to activities for older adults and actively encourage older adults to improve their physical activity level. Given our findings, public health interventions centered on alcohol and tobacco cessation in older adults should be governmentally endorsed.
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Alif, Sheikh M., Shyamali Dharmage, Geza Benke, Martine Dennekamp, John Burgess, Jennifer L. Perret, Caroline Lodge et al. "Occupational exposure to solvents and lung function decline: A population based study". Thorax 74, n.º 7 (26 de abril de 2019): 650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212267.
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RationaleWhile cross-sectional studies have shown associations between certain occupational exposures and lower levels of lung function, there was little evidence from population-based studies with repeated lung function measurements.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the associations between occupational exposures and longitudinal lung function decline in the population-based Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study.MethodsLung function decline between ages 45 years and 50 years was assessed using data from 767 participants. Using lifetime work history calendars completed at age 45 years, exposures were assigned according to the ALOHA plus Job Exposure Matrix. Occupational exposures were defined as ever exposed and cumulative exposure -unit- years. We investigated effect modification by sex, smoking and asthma status.ResultsCompared with those without exposure, ever exposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with a greater decline in FEV1 (aromatic solvents 15.5 mL/year (95% CI −24.8 to 6.3); metals 11.3 mL/year (95% CI −21.9 to – 0.7)) and FVC (aromatic solvents 14.1 mL/year 95% CI −28.8 to – 0.7; metals 17.5 mL/year (95% CI –34.3 to – 0.8)). Cumulative exposure (unit years) to aromatic solvents was also associated with greater decline in FEV1 and FVC. Women had lower cumulative exposure years to aromatic solvents than men (mean (SD) 9.6 (15.5) vs 16.6 (14.6)), but greater lung function decline than men. We also found association between ever exposures to gases/fumes or mineral dust and greater decline in lung function.ConclusionsExposures to aromatic solvents and metals were associated with greater lung function decline. The effect of aromatic solvents was strongest in women. Preventive strategies should be implemented to reduce these exposures in the workplace.
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Monica, Monica, Maria Lousiana Suwarno y Ainum Jhariyah Hidayah. "HUBUNGAN LAMA PAPARAN POLUSI UDARA DAN PERILAKU MEROKOK TERHA¬DAP FUNGSI PARU PADA DRIVER OJEK ONLINE". JURNAL MUTIARA NERS 4, n.º 1 (6 de febrero de 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51544/jmn.v4i1.1336.
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Increasing levels of air pollution in Jakarta will have serious health impacts for those exposed, such as online motorcycle taxi drivers. Smoking behavior by online motorcycle taxi drivers can also cause health problems in the form of decreased lung function. This research aimed to figure the relationship between duration of exposure to air pollution and smoking behavior to lung function in online motorcycle taxi drivers at Jakarta. This research used a descriptive correlation design with cross-sectional approach which conducted in June-July 2020. There were 106 online motorcycle taxi drivers selected using accidental sampling technique. Lung function measured using the mMRC dyspnoe scale and distributed using google form. The results of this study found that the mostly 97,7% online motorcycle taxi drivers worked > 40 hours/ week, 68,9% online motorcycle taxi drivers categorized of mild smoking, 60,4% online motorcycle taxi drivers had no dyspnea symptoms (grade 0). Statistical analysis using chi-square showed that there is a significant relationship between smoking behavior with lung function (p-value 0,001), however, there is no significant relationship between duration of exposure to air pollution with lung function (p-value 0,056). It’s expected that online motorcycle taxi drivers can use masks while working to reduce exposure to air pollution and lesser to quit smoking.
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Finkel, Deborah, Marie Ernsth Bravell y Nancy L. Pedersen. "Role of motor function and lung function in pathways to ageing and decline". Aging Clinical and Experimental Research 32, n.º 12 (13 de febrero de 2020): 2479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01494-3.
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Abstract Background Extensive research has investigated the association between age changes in various domains, including lung function and motor function. However, a few analyses have tested models that incorporate bidirectional longitudinal influences between lung and motor function to test the temporal chain of events in the disability process. Dual change score models (DCSM) assist with identification of leading indicators of change by leveraging longitudinal data to examine the extent to which changes in one variable influence subsequent changes in a second variable, and vice versa. Aims The purpose of the current-analysis study was to apply DCSM to data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of ageing to examine the nature of the longitudinal relationship between motor functioning and lung function. Methods Three motor functioning factors were created from 20 performance measures, including measures of balance, flexibility, and fine motor skills. Peak expiratory flow measured lung function. Participants were 829 adults aged 50–88 at the first of 9 waves of testing covering a 27-year follow-up period; 80% participated in at least three waves. Results Model comparisons indicated that decline in lung function preceded and contributed to subsequent decline in motor function. Discussion Combined with previous results, these results suggest that declining lung function results in increasing difficulties in motor function, which contribute to subsequent declines in multiple domains. Conclusion Understanding the cascade of events that can lead to dependence can help in the development of interventions targeted early in the disablement process.
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Jaakkola, M. S., P. Ernst, J. J. Jaakkola, L. W. N'gan'ga y M. R. Becklake. "Effect of cigarette smoking on evolution of ventilatory lung function in young adults: an eight year longitudinal study." Thorax 46, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 1991): 907–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.46.12.907.
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Arshad, S. Hasan, Claire Hodgekiss, John W. Holloway, Ramesh Kurukulaaratchy, Wilfried Karmaus, Hongmei Zhang y Graham Roberts. "Association of asthma and smoking with lung function impairment in adolescence and early adulthood: the Isle of Wight Birth Cohort Study". European Respiratory Journal 55, n.º 3 (12 de diciembre de 2019): 1900477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00477-2019.
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We investigated associations of asthma and smoking with lung function and airway reversibility from childhood to early adulthood.The population-based Isle of Wight Birth Cohort (n=1456) was assessed at birth, and at 1, 2, 4, 10, 18 and 26 years. Asthma was defined as physician diagnosis plus current wheeze and/or treatment. Spirometry was conducted at 10 (n=981), 18 (n=839) and 26 years (n=547). Individuals were subdivided into nonsmokers without asthma, nonsmokers with asthma, smokers without asthma and smokers with asthma, based on asthma and smoking status at 26 years. Their lung function trajectories from 10 to 26 years were examined using longitudinal models.Nonsmokers with asthma had smaller forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEF25–75% (forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FVC)) and FEV1/FVC ratio compared to nonsmokers without asthma at age 10 and 18 years, with differences reduced after bronchodilator (pre-bronchodilator FEV1 at 26 years 3.75 L versus 4.02 L, p<0.001; post-bronchodilator 4.02 L versus 4.16 L, p=0.08). This lung function deficit did not worsen after 18 years. Smokers without asthma had smaller FEF25–75% and FEV1/FVC ratio (but not FEV1) at 26 years compared to nonsmokers without asthma, with the deficit appearing after 18 years and persisting despite bronchodilator response (for FEV1/FVC ratio at 26 years 0.80 versus 0.81, p=0.002; post-bronchodilator 0.83 versus 0.85, p=0.005). Smokers with asthma had worse lung function compared to other groups.Lung function deficits associated with asthma and smoking occur early in life. They are not fully responsive to bronchodilators, indicating a risk for long-term lung health, which highlights the need to institute preventive measures in adolescence and early adult life before irreversible damage occurs.
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Koo, H.-K., D. K. Kim, H. S. Chung y C.-H. Lee. "Association between metabolic syndrome and rate of lung function decline: a longitudinal analysis". International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 17, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2013): 1507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0906.
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Newby, Christopher, Joshua Agbetile, Beverley Hargadon, Will Monteiro, Ruth Green, Ian Pavord, Christopher Brightling y Salman Siddiqui. "Lung function decline and variable airway inflammatory pattern: Longitudinal analysis of severe asthma". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 134, n.º 2 (agosto de 2014): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.005.
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Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan, James A. Dosman, Karen M. Semchuk, Helen H. McDuffie, Allan J. Cessna, Donald G. Irviine, Margaret FO Crossley y Alan Rosenberg. "Seasonal Changes in Lung Function in a Farming Population". Canadian Respiratory Journal 7, n.º 4 (2000): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/635046.
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OBJECTIVE:To assess the changes in respiratory health from winter to summer seasons in a rural population.DESIGN:A longitudinal design was used in the study.SETTING:A population-based study was conducted as part of the Environmental Pesticide Exposure and Human Health component of the Prairie Ecosystem Study (PECOS) in southwestern Saskatchewan.PATIENTS:In the winter season, 358 patients participated in the study. Of these patients, 234 returned for the second assessment during the summer season. After excluding 34 children aged 17 years and under, 200 adult patients were available for analysis.MEASUREMENTS:Questionnaires were used to obtain information on demographic factors, smoking habits, occupational and environmental exposures, and respiratory conditions. Pulmonary function measurements were obtained using a volume displacement spirometer.RESULTS:Mean ages (± SD) of the 106 men and 94 women participating in the study were 50.1±13.3 and 49.0±13.1 years, respectively. Mean percentage changes in maximal midexpiratory flow rate from winter to summer assessments indicated an improvement for town residents and a decline for farm residents. Mean percentage changes in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity indicated an improvement for town residents who were not engaged in farming, and increasing declines for town residents engaged in farming, farm residents not engaged in farming and farm residents engaged in farming.CONCLUSIONS:Seasonal changes occurred in measurements of pulmonary function between winter and summer seasons; these changes may be related to the environmental or occupational exposures experienced by the participants during the study.
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Rylance, Sarah, Chris Jewell, Andrew Naunje, Frank Mbalume, John D. Chetwood, Rebecca Nightingale, Lindsay Zurba et al. "Non-communicable respiratory disease and air pollution exposure in Malawi: a prospective cohort study". Thorax 75, n.º 3 (20 de febrero de 2020): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213941.
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RationaleThere are no population-based studies from sub-Saharan Africa describing longitudinal lung function in adults.ObjectivesTo explore the lung function trajectories and their determinants, including the effects of air pollution exposures and the cleaner-burning biomass-fuelled cookstove intervention of the Cooking and Pneumonia Study (CAPS), in adults living in rural Malawi.MethodsWe assessed respiratory symptoms and exposures, spirometry and measured 48-hour personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide (CO), on three occasions over 3 years. Longitudinal data were analysed using mixed-effects modelling by maximum likelihood estimation.Measurements and main resultsWe recruited 1481 adults, mean (SD) age 43.8 (17.8) years, including 523 participants from CAPS households (271 intervention; 252 controls), and collected multiple spirometry and air pollution measurements for 654 (44%) and 929 (63%), respectively. Compared with Global Lung Function Initiative African-American reference ranges, mean (SD) FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and FVC (forced vital capacity) z-scores were −0.38 (1.14) and −0.19 (1.09). FEV1 and FVC were determined by age, sex, height, previous TB and body mass index, with FEV1 declining by 30.9 mL/year (95% CI: 21.6 to 40.1) and FVC by 38.3 mL/year (95% CI: 28.5 to 48.1). There was decreased exposure to PM2.5 in those with access to a cookstove but no effect on lung function.ConclusionsWe did not observe accelerated lung function decline in this cohort of Malawian adults, compared with that reported in healthy, non-smoking populations from high-income countries; this suggests that the lung function deficits we measured in adulthood may have origins in early life.
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Jamieson, Emily, Roxanna Korologou-Linden, Robyn E. Wootton, Anna L. Guyatt, Thomas Battram, Kimberley Burrows, Tom R. Gaunt et al. "Smoking, DNA Methylation, and Lung Function: a Mendelian Randomization Analysis to Investigate Causal Pathways". American Journal of Human Genetics 106, n.º 3 (marzo de 2020): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.01.015.
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