Tesis: "Smoking and Smokers"

1

Ho, Sai-yin Daniel. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20720907.

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2

Grynwald, Ana. "Smoking cessation education needs as reported by current smokers, former smokers, and nurses". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=412.

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3

Cascarelli, Nicholas V. "Differences Among Smokers, Nonsmokers and Former Smokers an Investigation of Health Care Workers". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1004466758.

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4

Molyneux, Andrew W. P. "The delivery of smoking cassation services". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288100.

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5

Pilon, Mandy J. "Effects of caffeine on cigarette smoking /". View abstract, 1999. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1572.html.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1999.
Thesis advisor: Carol Shaw Austad. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts [in Psychology]." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 17-18).

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6

Ho, Sai-yin Daniel y 何世賢. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29893276.

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7

John, Kevin H., Tifani R. Fletcher, Andrea D. Clements, Beth A. Bailey y Lana McGrady. "Perceptions of Smoking Health Risks During Pregnancy: Comparison of Smokers and Non-Smokers". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7270.

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Smoking during pregnancy is not only harmful to the mother, but the unborn baby as well. In East Tennessee, smoking rates during pregnancy are more than three times the national average. Smoking cessation interventions have been shown to assist in lowering smoking levels during pregnancy. More successful intervention strategies may be developed if pregnant mothers’ beliefs on how smoking harms themselves and their child are examined and addressed. It was hypothesized that there is a significant difference between smoking status (smoker or non-smoker) and perceptions of the amount of harm smoking can cause to the baby, and to themselves. Participants included 577 pregnant women, both smokers and nonsmokers, enrolled in the Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers program. Participants met with a case worker during a first trimester interview, and answered several questionnaires. The questionnaires included several items regarding their perceptions of harm from cigarette smoking to their unborn baby and to themselves. For the overall analysis of differences in smoking status, participants who answered that smoking was “somewhat” or “no, not harmful at all” were compared to those that answered “yes, a great deal harmful”. Two Chi-square tests for independence indicated a significant association between smoking status and perception of how smoking harms the baby, χ2 (1, 578) = 65.85, p < .001, and a significant association between smoking status and perception of how smoking harms the participants’ heath χ2 (1, 578) = 26.07, p < .001. Non-smokers were more likely than smokers to answer that smoking is “yes, a great deal harmful” to the baby and to themselves. The results also suggest that participants as a whole, regardless of smoking status, believe that smoking is more harmful to themselves than to their unborn baby. Qualitative analysis revealed the top five categories of responses (most to least frequent) given by participants on how they believed smoking harmed their unborn baby: low birth weight, lung and respiration problems, premature birth, developmental problems, and birth defects. The most frequent responses given by participants on how they believed smoking was personally harmful were: lung and respiration problems, cancer, heart and blood problems, physical appearance concerns, and life expectancy or death. Non-smokers gave proportionally more responses overall than smokers. One interesting observation is that while smokers seemed aware of the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, it was non-smokers who were more likely to state that smoking could cause developmental problems and birth defects. Perhaps cessation interventions would be improved by focusing on women’s perceptions of these possible consequences of smoking during pregnancy to their unborn child. This knowledge is beneficial because analyzing perceptions of harm from smoking could lead to more successful smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy.

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8

Bear, Lisa M. "Smoking Intervention Strategy and Relationship Patterns of Smokers". W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626427.

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9

Chung, Wai-ming. "A study on smokers' motivation to reduce and quit smoking /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36396734.

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10

McNeill, Ann. "The development of dependence in adolescent smokers". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262098.

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11

Nguyen, Quyen B. "Two groups of occasional smokers different pathways with the same outcome /". Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3403097.

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12

Miles, Stephanie. "A smokin' good ad how efficacy and emotional tone interact in anti-smoking messages /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5683.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on September 8, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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13

Scheitrum, Raquel. "Smoking passive addiction or active coping? /". Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1999. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1999.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2778. Typescript. Abstract included as two unpaged leaves at back of volume. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 30-35).

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14

Smith, Andrea. "The natural history of unassisted smoking cessation in Australian ex-smokers". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18463.

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This thesis builds on work in the field of self-change from addictive behaviours. I have used a grounded theory methodology to investigate how and why Australian smokers quit smoking unassisted, that is, without professionally mediated behavioural assistance or pharmacotherapy. My research was specifically designed to provide an in-depth understanding of the complex process of smoking cessation from the ex-smokers’ perspective. As such, this thesis provides insights into: (1) prevalence of unassisted quitting in Australia; (2) reasons why Australian smokers choose to quit unassisted; (3) process of quitting; and (4) conditions that characterise a successful quit attempt. In this thesis I draw together these findings to present a typology of quitting (measured, opportunistic, naïve or unexpected) based on four key characteristics found in participants’ accounts of quitting: presence of a clearly identifiable trigger, evidence of preparation, amount of effort invested in quitting, and speed of onset of quitting. This thesis also presents a detailed account of how ex-smokers can be classified in terms of the patterns of use (or non-use) of assistance across their quitting history, concluding that two experiences were common to all participants: almost no one quit at their first attempt and almost everyone started out quitting unassisted. Finally, I report a core concept, ‘being serious’ and explain how this concept provides an alternative to the commonly used concepts – motivation, willpower, determination and commitment. ‘Being serious’ draws on all of my earlier findings. I propose ‘being serious’ typically requires the coming together of three critical elements: previous experience of quitting, an identity (or existential threat) and suitable timing and circumstances. I conclude by suggesting dichotomising assisted and unassisted quitting is unhelpful and instead argue, based on my research findings, the two processes have more commonalities than differences.

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15

Saunders, Stacy M. "Differentiating young adult social smokers on psychological constructs". [Huntington, WV : Marshall University Libraries], 2008. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=886.

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16

Tatarkiewicz, Iwona A. "Factors influencing the effectiveness of smoking cessation messages /". Halifax, N.S. : Saint Mary's University, 2009.

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17

Koo, Chi-bing. "Gender differences in predictors of smoking cessation among Chinese smokers". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b39724141.

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18

Ono, Miki. "Self-efficacy modulates the neural correlates of craving in male smokers and ex-smokers: an fMRI study". Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/230999.

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19

Avallone, Kimberly M. "The Effect of Asthma on Smoking Behavior and Smoking-Related Cognitive Processes among Adult Smokers". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313685556.

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20

Darville, Audrey. "MEDICALLY ILL SMOKERS AND PLANNING TO QUIT". UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/nursing_etds/3.

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Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and is the cause of nearly 1 in 5 deaths in the United States. The prevalence of smoking has had a leveling off effect after many years of significant decline. Certain subgroups of the population, such as those with low income and certain illnesses, continue to smoke at disproportionately high rates. Reasons for these disparities in smoking rates are complex. Developing a better understanding of the issues related to persistent smoking particularly for those with medical illness and limited access to cessation resources can help focus interventions to help these high risk smokers quit. This dissertation includes a systematic review of the literature associated with hardcore smoking; an analysis of the reliability and validity of a self-efficacy instrument in a sample of low-SES, medically ill smokers; and the results of a cross-sectional, non-experimental study exploring the relationship between smoking-related factors and planning to quit in a sample of medically ill smokers. A sample of 70 current and recent smokers was surveyed at a free clinic. Quitting self-efficacy was measured using an instrument not previously tested in a rural, medically ill sample. Modifications to the survey were made based on qualitative interviews with smokers and a single question measuring self-efficacy was also tested. There was a high correlation among the self-efficacy measures (Spearman’s rho .99, p < .001) and between the longer instrument and the single question (Spearman’s rho .65, p < .001). Each measure demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. In the study exploring potential factors associated with planning to quit, the number of prior quit attempts and confidence to quit explained 43% of the variance in those planning versus not planning to quit. Providing interventions focused on increasing confidence and experience with quit attempts can be effective in promoting a plan to quit in this group of smokers who, because of their medical illness, can benefit significantly from cessation. Research is needed to explore cessation outcomes when employing these targeted interventions with medically ill smokers in rural areas.

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21

Law, Tsz-hin. "Smokers' thinking regarding their future quitting behavior their future quitting behavior". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41715123.

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22

Choi, Po-heung. "The use of web-based smoking cessation program in adult smokers". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43251110.

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23

Taylor, Thomas J. "A tobacco consumption diary to assess the factors associated with smoking in a light smoking college population". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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24

Susabda, Agnes. "Psychophysiological responses to smoking and chocolate cues among female smokers". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1855.

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25

Koo, Chi-bing y 顧智冰. "Gender differences in predictors of smoking cessation among Chinese smokers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724141.

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26

Chung, Wai-ming y 鍾慧明. "A study on smokers' motivation to reduce and quit smoking". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4501176X.

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27

Kotz, Daniel. "Confronting smokers with previously undetected airflow limitation for smoking cessation". Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13771.

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28

Lai, Wai-yin. "Characteristics of Chinese adolescent smokers in different stages of smoking cessation". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3688747X.

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29

羅芷軒 y Tsz-hin Law. "Smokers' thinking regarding their future quitting behavior their future quitting behavior". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41715123.

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30

Tsigarida, Alexandra. "Investigations on the microbial community associated with peri-implantitis in smokers and non-smokers". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1371071124.

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31

Lai, Wai-yin y 黎慧賢. "Characteristics of Chinese adolescent smokers in different stages of smoking cessation". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39723975.

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32

蔡寶香 y Po-heung Choi. "The use of web-based smoking cessation program in adult smokers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43251110.

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33

Johnson, Adrienne L. "Differences in Panic Psychopathology between Smokers with and without Asthma". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1414750194.

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34

Nair, Uma S. "Body Image Concerns and Urge to Smoke among Physically Active and Sedentary College-age Female Smokers". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/115221.

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Kinesiology
Ph.D.
Introduction: Smoking is often used as a maladaptive weight control strategy among college-age females who have increased weight concerns. Many perceived benefits accrued from smoking including enhanced mood, reduced anxiety, and weight control can also be achieved through physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a novel behavioral task (body-image exposure task) that was designed to elicit weight concerns on urge to smoke among college-age female smokers who vary in levels of physical activity. Methods: Using a cue-reactivity paradigm, 16 sedentary and 21 physically active college-age female smokers were exposed to a pilot tested body-image exposure session. Self-reported urge and smoking topography variables were obtained before and after the exposure session along with measures of body dissatisfaction, positive and negative affect, and physical-appearance related anxiety at the two time-points. Results: Paired sample t-test showed significant increases in self-reported urge (p <.01) and quicker latency to first puff (p <.01) at post test for the entire sample. Significant differences were not seen in the other topography variables of puff duration, puff number, and inter-puff interval. Results of partial correlation indicated lower self-reported urge at post-test was associated with increased time engaging vigorous intensity physical activity (r =-0.44 ; p =.01). However, association between latency to first puff and physical activity was not significant (r=-.10; p=.62). The body-image exposure session also significantly increased body dissatisfaction (p < .01), and anxiety related to physical appearance (p < .01) while lowering positive affect at post-test (p <.01). Baseline measures of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with increased self-reported urge at post-test (r= .59, p = .03) urge though this relationship was not significant after controlling for vigorous intensity of physical activity (r = .33; p = .07) showing the potential protective effects of physical activity on smoking urges. Conclusion: These results suggest that physical activity can be protective of smoking urges in a situation that increases weight concerns among young women and emphasizes the need to incorporate physical activity components along with cognitive behavioral therapy in tailoring smoking cessation interventions in this population. Future research should continue to explore effects of physical activity on reactivity to body-cues and explore variability in cue-reactivity as a result of physical activity.
Temple University--Theses

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35

Kim, Keunyeong. "Who are others in the third-person effect? : downward comparison toward a smoking issue among non-smokers and smokers". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4195.

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36

Chau, Kwan-yu y 鄒君愉. "The effectiveness of a nurse led intensive community based smoking cessation protocol in quitting smoking in women smokers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48335150.

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Background: Women smoking is a critical world health concern. Women are special risk group of smoking because approximately 1 million women died from tobacco-induced diseases worldwide each year and this number was increasing rapidly (Wesley and Sternbach, 2008). Besides, smoking increased the prevalence of menstrual irregularity, intermenstrual bleeding, varied length of menstrual cycle, pain and discomfort during menstruation of women (McEwen, 2006). Moreover, smoking will not just affect women but their children. Smoking is related to miscarriage, bleeding, premature rupture of the membranes, premature birth, growth retard baby, still birth, birth defects (The University of Hong Kong, 2007). Researches proved that combining telephone counseling and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are needed to help quitting smoking in women (Palmer, 2000). Quitting smoking can greatly reduce the chance of smoking associated diseases. Risk of lung cancer will be reduced by one-half to two-thirds after 10 years of abstinence and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will be reduced by half within 1-2 years (Lewis, 2010). Nurses are the largest group of health professionals who work with people of all ages and community settings, so they should have enormous potential in helping people to quit smoking. As a result, it is important for nurses to understand more about this combined approach for quitting smoking in women smokers and translate the research evidence to real world practice in Hong Kong. Purpose: The aims of this paper are to investigate the barriers to quit of women smokers in Hong Kong and their needs, to find out the gap between current and proposed smoking cessation services, to explore the relevant studies about smoking cessation in women smokers, to perform the quality assessment of selected studies, to summarize and synthesis the extracted data, to translate the existing data into a practice guideline that can be used in community setting for women smokers, to assess the implementation potential of the proposed guideline and to formulate an implementation and evaluation plan for the proposed guideline. Methods: A total of 7 studies focusing on quitting smoking of women smokers located in Medline (1950- ), EMBASE (EMBASE Classic + EMBASE 1947- ) and Pubmed (1950- ) were selected. Thirty-day point prevalence quit rates at 12-month follow-up was used as the major outcome indicators. After quality assessment and extracting data from the related literatures, a practice guideline will be synthesized and the implementation potential will be assessed. The guideline will be graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network system. The implementation potential of the guideline will be assessed according to: (1) the transferability of the guideline, (2) the feasibility of implementing the guideline, and (3) cost-benefit ratio of the innovation. Then, the nurse led intensive community based smoking cessation program will be developed. An effective communication with all stakeholders is important in developing a positive relationship and to gain their support throughout the implementation of the proposed innovation. Pilot test will be conducted to test the satisfaction level of the innovation among women smokers in the real world setting, to test the feasibility of the innovation in the real world setting and to measure the actual material cost and non-material cost of the innovation. Am improvement plan will be drawn after evaluating the pilot test. After implementing the innovation, three outcomes evaluations will be used to evaluate this nurse led intensive community based smoking cessation program which include patient outcome, staff outcome and system outcome. The above results will be reported within one month after the innovation. The report can act as a useful guide for running similar smoking cessation programme in the future. Conclusion: The proposed programme is recommended in the community setting to assist women smokers to quit smoking which is an important public health issue.
published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Nursing

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37

Mayes, Ryan S. "SMOKERS AND SMOKING: A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF DISCOUNT RATES AND RISK PERCEPTION ON SMOKING AND QUITTING". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1244025534.

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38

Bergeria, Cecilia Louise. "Comparing the Smoking Topography of Usual Brand Cigarettes in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Smokers". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/676.

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Introduction: Most pregnant smokers report abruptly reducing their cigarettes per day (CPD) by ~50% shortly after learning of pregnancy and of making further smaller reductions over the remainder of their pregnancy. Laboratory and naturalistic studies with non-pregnant smokers have found that these types of reductions often lead to changes in smoking topography (i.e., changes in smoking intensity to maintain a desired blood-nicotine level). 19, 20 If pregnant women engage in compensatory smoking, they may expose themselves and their offspring to the same level of toxicants despite reporting reductions in CPD. Methods: Pregnant and non-pregnant female smokers (n = 17 and 91, respectively) participated. At the experimental session, after biochemical confirmation of acute abstinence, all participants smoked one of their usual brand cigarettes ad lib through a Borgwaldt CReSS Desktop Smoking Topography device. Carbon monoxide (CO) and measures of nicotine withdrawal, craving, and reinforcement derived from smoking were also collected. Results: The two groups did not differ on any demographic or smoking characteristics at screening, except nicotine metabolism rate, which as expected, was faster in pregnant smokers. Analyses suggest that none of the smoking topography parameters differed between pregnant and non-pregnant smokers, although pregnant smokers had a significantly smaller CO boost. Both groups reported similar levels of relief of withdrawal and craving after smoking, but other self-report data suggest that pregnant smoker find smoking less reinforcing than non-pregnant smokers. Conclusions: Pregnant smokers do not smoke cigarettes differently as compared to non-pregnant female smokers, but appear to find smoking less reinforcing.

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Cheng, Su-ching. "A Stage-matched Smoking Cessation Profram for University of Maine Student Smokers". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ChengS2002.pdf.

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40

Mullings, Emma Louise. "Assessing the effects of smoking-related stimuli on cognitive processing in smokers". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551326.

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Research shows that smokers compared to non-smokers preferentially attend to smoking-related stimuli relative to neutral stimuli, referred to as cognitive bias. The hallmark measures employed to assess cognitive bias are the visual probe and modified Stroop tasks. Using these tasks, Experiment 1 established a model of cognitive bias by comparing non- smokers (NS), weekly smokers (WS) and daily smokers (DS). DS on the visual probe task exhibited cognitive bias to smoking-related pictures, suggesting bias operates as a linear function of nicotine dependence. Following this, the effects of a nicotine prime (Experiment 2) and alcohol prime (Experiment 3) on cognitive bias and cigarette craving was assessed in abstinent WS and DS. No differences were indicated after nicotine administration on either task. Craving data indicated no immediate effects of nicotine administration, although post cue reactivity data indicated increases in craving for DS receiving nicotine. After alcohol administration, measures of cognitive bias indicated a difference between groups suggesting alcohol increases the incentive value of smoking-related stimuli in abstinent DS. No evidence was indicated to suggest alcohol consumption potentiates cigarette craving. The inconsistent pattern of results presented in this thesis and also in the wider nicotine literature lead to an assessment of the internal reliability of the visual probe and modified Stroop tasks using data generated from Experiments 1, 2 and 3. This suggested these measures may not be reliable. Consequently, Experiment 5 assessed cognitive bias using two novel tasks, the smoking N- back and the smoking disengagement tasks. The outcome of this experiment however, suggests working memory and disengagement processes are not fundamental to the generation of cognitive bias in smokers. This thesis highlights the need to systematically assess the psychometric properties of hallmark cognitive tasks used in the addiction literature and to identify alternative and appropriate tasks for the measurement of cognitive bias in smokers.

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41

Chun, Wai-chun y 秦惠珍. "Evidence based smoking cessation guidelines for hospitalized chronic obstructive pulmonary disease smokers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44623264.

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42

Machado, Mychal A. "Picture this: Smoking cues as conditional elicitors of compensatory responses in smokers". Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/301.

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The current study sought to extend previous research on conditional compensatory responses and illicit drugs to smoking and respondent conditioning by exposing ten adult smokers and nonsmokers to smoking and non-smoking related imagery. Pre- and post-slide show carbon monoxide (CO) levels were taken as the main measure of compensatory actions. As supplementary measures, heart rate and blood pressure readings were also obtained. Results demonstrated that the measures of CO obtained from smokers were lower following a visual presentation of smoking related images as compared to a presentation of non-smoking related images. This drop in CO levels was not evident (a) in nonsmoking participants, nor (b) in two control subjects whom provided extended CO measures in the absence of visual imagery. These data suggest the continued investigation of respondent aspects in smoking behavior is necessary in order to obtain a global picture of the physiological aspects of smoking behavior.

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43

Evans, David. "E-cigarette Smoking Trends and the Emergence of New Exclusive E-cigarette Smokers". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563525779611146.

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44

Vaid, Isam G. "Self-efficacy to resist smoking as a mediator between nicotine dependence and quit attempt in adolescent smokers in Alabama". Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/vaid.pdf.

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45

Chen, Mei-Kuang. "Who Are the Cigarette Smokers in Arizona". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193268.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and socio-demographic variables based on the empirical literature and the primitive theories in the field. Two regression approaches, logistic regression and linear multiple regression, were conducted on the two most recent Arizona Adult Tobacco Surveys to test the hypothesized models. The results showed that cigarette smokers in Arizona are mainly residents who have not completed a four-year college degree, who are unemployed, White, non-Hispanic, or young to middle-aged adults. Among the socio-demographic predictors of interest, education is the most important variable in identifying cigarette smokers, even though the predictive power of these socio-demographic variables is small. Practical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed.

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46

Raitio, A. (Anina). "Smoking and skin:comparison of the appearance, physical qualities, morphology, collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix turnover of skin in smokers and non-smokers". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514277899.

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Abstract Numerous adverse effects and health problems are associated with smoking, but the mechanisms of the adverse effects of smoking on skin are not well documented. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of smoking on the structure, metabolism and appearance of skin. The study population consisted of 98 Finnish males, of whom 47 were current smokers and 51 non-smokers. The main parameters under evaluation were the appearance and physical qualities of skin, including skin wrinkling, thickness and elasticity. Biochemical analyses were performed to assess the rate of type I and III collagen biosynthesis as well as the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of skin in terms of matrix metalloproteinase levels (MMPs). To compare the morphology of skin between the groups, histological and immunohistological studies were performed, including assessments of the proportional area and width of dermal elastic fibres. The results revealed decreased synthesis of type I and III collagens in smokers as well as changes in the regulatory mechanisms which control the turnover of these and other extracellular matrix proteins. The level of matrix metalloproteinase -8 (collagenase-2), a protease degrading both type I and type III collagen, in suction blister fluid was significantly higher in smokers, indicating enhanced degradation of these collagens. In skin tissue samples, the levels of the active forms of MMP-8 and MMP-9 were significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. Serum levels of MMP-8 were slightly but not significantly higher in smokers, whereas the levels of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 (72-kDa and 92-kDa gelatinase, respectively) were significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers. Salivary MMP-8 and MMP-9 were lower in smokers compared to non-smokers, but only the latter showed a statistically significant difference. The levels of the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) were significantly lower in the suction blister fluid of smokers compared to non-smokers. In general, there were no significant differences in skin thickness and elasticity or regeneration of barrier function, nor in the amount or width of elastic fibres between the groups. We did not observe significant differences in skin wrinkling between smokers and non-smokers, but smokers looked older than their age compared to non-smokers. It can be concluded that the rate of type I and III collagen synthesis in skin is decreased and the regulation of ECM turnover is altered in smokers, which may lead to deterioration of the tensile strength and resiliency of skin in the long term, even though no morphological changes were detected in the present study.

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47

Cipa, Anthony. "The moralization of cigarette smoking in Australia : a new approach to an old problem /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19767.pdf.

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48

Scanlin, Matthew C. "The Effects of Stress-Related Rumination Versus Distraction on Nicotine Cravings and Latency to Smoke among Nicotine-Deprived Smokers". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1572553054250324.

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49

Stimpert, Kelly K. "Smokers’ Response to Corrective Statements and Implications for Media Campaigns". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/48.

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In 1999, the Federal Government sued the tobacco companies in an attempt to recover expenses used to treat diseases caused by smoking. The 2006 verdict required the dissemination of corrective statements intended to inform the public of the dangers of smoking. This study analyzes smokers' perceptions of these statements. Statements were tested from November 5 to December 5, 2007. Results indicate: (1) messages created by public health intervenors and tobacco companies tended to have higher mean scores than those created by the DOJ, (2) statements on nicotine being addictive had significantly higher mean scores than the other two sets tested, (3) that all statements were rated higher in terms of believability than in terms of other factors, and (4) light smokers rated statements higher in terms of motivating and likelihood to quit than did medium or heavy smokers. These results will be used to refine the development of corrective statements.

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50

Chu, Tsz-wai Annie. "Smoking and its relations with eating attitudes, body satisfaction and mood among female adolescents in Hong Kong". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41882611.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

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