Bibliografías temáticas / Smoking and Smokers

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024
Última modificación: 27 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

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Rodriguez, Daniel, Tiffanie Goulazian, Andrew A. Strasser, Jennifer O'Loughlin, Erika N. Dugas, Chol Kuoiloi, Brian L. Hitsman y Robert Schnoll. "The Role of the Subjective Importance of Smoking (SIMS) in Cessation and Abstinence". Journal of Smoking Cessation 14, n.º 1 (2 de abril de 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsc.2018.7.

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Introduction: Each year about two thirds of U.S. smokers make a quit attempt. Yet, less than 5% remain abstinent three months post-quit date. One factor that may affect abstinence is negative feelings about the self-associated with being a smoker (disequilibrium), particularly if smoking is important to the sense of self and one is trying to quit.Aims: We evaluated a multivariate structural equation model proposing that smoking's subjective importance to a smoker would influence carbon monoxide verified smoking abstinence at 24 weeks (post-quit date). Further, we assessed whether the relation would be moderated by the smoker's experience of disequilibrium.Methods: Participants were 440 regular smokers taking part in a clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of different durations of nicotine replacement therapy use. Participants completed the subjective importance of smoking survey at baseline and were assessed for carbon monoxide verified seven-day point prevalence abstinence at 24 weeksResults: Using exploratory structural equation modelling, the subjective importance of smoking was associated with point prevalence abstinence at 24 weeks, but only for smokers with high disequilibrium.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that experiencing negative feelings about being a smoker could motivate smokers to remain abstinent, despite the importance of smoking to the smoker's sense of self.
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Ha, Seunghyuk y Jang-Han Lee. "Gender Differences of Smoking Stigma on Gender and Smoking Self-identification in Korean Smokers". Korean Data Analysis Society 25, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2023): 1235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2023.25.4.1235.

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This research aimed to investigate the gender difference in Korean smokers’ smoking stigma and the degree of self-identification of their smoking status. Two Implicit Association Tests (IATs) were conducted to provide empirical evidence and compare the smoking stigma and self-identification of male and female smokers. Smoking stigma was measured to evaluate the attitude on smokers’ own gender and the self-identification as a smoker was measured as a perception of their smoking status as a stigmatized feature. As a result, it was found that Korean female smokers tended to attribute smokers with the same gender less favorably than male smokers and identify themselves as smokers more than males do. Additional correlation analysis on each subgroup found that the public stigma of Korean female smokers was correlated to their smoking self-identification, unlike male smokers, suggesting that female smokers were more vulnerable to higher smoking stigma by recognizing their self-identity as a smoker. In accordance with the model of stigma-induced identity threat, the result showed that gender differences in smokers’ stigma might be a risk factor in some cultural contexts which warrants further research in substance dependence.
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Suthamancharri.S, Vaishnavi.S, Kumara Raja, Soundarya.S.P y Sumaiya fathima. "Review on Effects of Passive Smoking". International Journal of Community Dentistry 11, n.º 1 (16 de mayo de 2023): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjcommunitydent.v11i1.777.

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Smoking is injurious to health. Mainstream and Side stream smoking both are actively and passively injurious to health. Ill effects of Secondhand smoking are more commonly underrated in the society. Side stream smoking also causes hazardous health effects. Smoking not only affects the smoker, but also affects non-smokers and children. Passive smokers are people exposed to cigarette smoke in two ways : by direct exposure to the smoke of passively burning cigarette and exposure to the smoke breathed out by the smoker. Second-hand smoke is the mixture of direct smoke from burning a cigarette along with the smoke breathed out from the smoker’s lungs. As a result, side stream smoke has higher concentration of some toxic and carcinogenic substances than the mainstream smoke. When exposed to second hand smoke, non-smokers inhale 60-80% of airborne nicotine similar to that absorbed by smokers So this review paper will elaborate about the effects of passive smoking.
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Zhang, Yuhan, Jiayu Wang, Keying Lai, Hankun Bian, Haide Chen y Lingfeng Gao. "Socializing with Smoker and Social Smoking Behavior among Chinese Male Smokers with Low Nicotine Dependence: The Mediating Roles of Belief of Smoking Rationalization and Smoker Identity". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 22 (10 de noviembre de 2022): 14765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214765.

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Background: Previous studies have shown that socializing with other smokers is an essential trigger for social smoking among smokers with a low nicotine dependence. This study further explored the mediating effects of the belief of smoking rationalization and smoker identity on the relationship between socializing with smokers and social smoking behavior. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted. A total of 696 low-nicotine-dependent smokers in China completed questionnaires that assessed socializing with smokers, social smoking behavior, smoker identity, and the belief of smoking rationalization. The mediating roles of the belief of smoking rationalization and smoker identity on the relationship between socializing with smokers and social smoking behavior were assessed by using SPSS 23 and AMOS 23. Results: The belief of smoking rationalization, smoker identity, socializing with smokers, and social smoking behavior were significantly and positively correlated with each other. In addition, this study found an independently mediated role for smoker identity in the relationship with smoker socialization and social smoking behavior, and a sequentially mediated role for smoking rationalization and smoker identity in this relationship. Conclusion: Reducing the belief of smoking rationalization and smoker identity may be conducive to reducing social smoking behavior for low-nicotine-dependent smokers when socializing with other smokers.
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Falomir, Juan Manuel y Federica Invernizzi. "The role of social influence and smoker identity in resistance to smoking cessation 1This research program was supported by the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Switzerland. We are grateful to Juan Fabra for his help in collecting data." Swiss Journal of Psychology 58, n.º 2 (junio de 1999): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//1421-0185.58.2.73.

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153 secondary school students, all smokers, were either exposed to a strongly anti-smoking message originating from a high status source (persuasive message condition) or not (control condition). A questionnaire then measured a set of variables concerning several aspects of tobacco consumption (i.e., smoker identity, attitude, subjective norm, perceived lack of behavioural control, smoking behaviour, and intention to give up smoking). First, regression analysis shows that the smoker's identity plays a direct and important role in explaining current smoking behaviour and the intention not to smoke, even when other variables are controlled. Second, analyses of variance indicate that smokers with a strong identity as a smoker are defensively motivated when confronting a persuasive attempt - i.e. their perception of friends' support to smoke increases. Finally, partial correlations show that the relationship between smoker identity and intention to give up smoking is mediated by this defensive motivation. Taken together, these results suggest that smoker identity is an important factor in explaining smoker's intention to give up smoking and, when antitobacco campaigns are salient, smoker identity can affect other variables which can reverse antitobacco efforts.
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M, Collict. "Screening and Management of Smoking in Pregnancy". Open Access Journal of Gynecology 8, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajg-16000248.

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Smoking in is harmful to both the mother and baby in pregnancy. Smoking cessation is strongly encouraged and needs to be approached in a sensitive manner employing patient centred care. Women should be provided with information about the risks of smoking and referred to smoking cessation services. Referral applies to smokers and ex-smokers who quit in the prior two weeks. Data was collected from smoker or ex-smoker post-natal mothers who delivered at Mater Dei Hospital and was analysed against NICE Public Health guideline (PH26) ‘Smoking: stopping in pregnancy and after childbirth’ published in 2010 and Green-top guideline no.31 ‘The Investigation and Management of the Small-for-Gestational-Age Fetus’ published in 2013. The audit included 50 post-natal smokers or ex-smokers with the majority being either smokers or ex-smokers who stopped as soon as they found out they were pregnant. There was not a single documented referral to smoking cessation services. Only 75% of smokers who smoke 11+ cigarettes daily had serial ultrasounds to monitor for SGA. Foetal outcomes were overall satisfactory with only 12% being admitted to NPICU, 10% of which belonged to mothers still smoking in pregnancy. It is essential that mothers understand the risks of smoking in pregnancy and these should be provided with the necessary information and assistance in smoking cessation. It is not enough to recommend smoking cessation but referrals and constant support should be offered.
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Cong, Chunling, Chris P. Tsokos, James Kepner, Susan Gapstur, Dana Flanders y Eric Jacob. "Statistical Modeling of Lung Cancer: Answering Relative Questions". International Journal of Biomedical Science 7, n.º 1 (15 de marzo de 2011): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2011.7070.

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The objective of this paper is to perform parametric and nonparametric analysis to address some very important questions concerning lung cancer utilizing real lung cancer data: What is the probabilistic nature of mortality time in ex-smoker lung cancer patients and non-smoker lung cancer patients, for female, male, and the totality of female and male patients? Is there significant difference of mortality time between ex-smoker and non-smoker patients? For ex-smokers, are there any differences with respect to the key variables such as mortality time, cigarettes per day (CPD), and duration of smoking between female and male patients? For non-smokers, can we notice a difference in mortality time between female and male patients? Can we accurately predict mortality time given information on CPD, starting time and quitting time for a specific lung cancer patient who smokes? Thus best fitting probability distributions are identified and their parameters are estimated. Mean mortality times are compared between non-smokers and ex-smokers, female non-smokers and male non-smokers, and female ex-smokers and male ex-smokers. Important entities related to lung cancer mortality time, such as cigarettes per day (CPD), and duration of smoking (DUR), are compared between female and male ex-smoker lung cancer patients. Finally, a model is developed to predict the mortality time of ex-smokers with a high degree of accuracy.
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Romero, Devan R., Kim Pulvers, Taneisha S. Scheuermann y Jasjit S. Ahluwalia. "Psychosocial and Behavioral Characteristics among Subgroups of Nondaily College Student Smokers". Tobacco Use Insights 7 (enero de 2014): TUI.S13440. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/tui.s13440.

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Nondaily smoking is becoming common in young adults and there appear to be different characteristics associated with past month smoking frequency among nondaily smokers. The present study examines behavioral and psychosocial correlates of smoking among subgroups of nondaily college student smokers ( N = 80; 18–25 years of age) attending a large, public university. Nondaily smokers were categorized based on the frequency of days smoked in the past month and were divided into two subgroups: 1–5 days and 6–29 days. A quarter of nondaily smokers considered themselves as a smoker and significantly more 6–29 nondaily smokers were identified as a smoker and smoked more cigarettes per day (CPD). Almost half (45%) of nondaily smokers have attempted to quit smoking completely and 71% of the 6–29 nondaily smokers reported significantly higher quit attempts. The 6–29 nondaily smokers had significantly higher perceived risk related to smoking. Self-efficacy to abstain from smoking was significantly higher for 1–5 nondaily smokers. These results suggest heterogeneity among subgroups of nondaily college student smokers exists in a number of behavioral and psychosocial factors. Prevention and cessation strategies may be improved by considering frequency of nondaily smoking and targeting subgroups differently.
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Haverić, Anja, Sanin Haverić y Slavka Ibrulj. "Chromosome aberrations frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes in young tobacco smoking and non-smoking people". Journal of Health Sciences 6, n.º 2 (4 de octubre de 2016): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17532/jhsci.2016.368.

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Introduction: Cigarette smoking is associated with severe health problems, especially cancers. In addition, cigarette smoking causes different genotoxic effects. Chromosome aberrations are one of well-known intermediate end points in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to compare frequencies of chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes between young smokers and non-smokes groups.Methods: The study was conducted with 30 smokers (average age 26.93 years) and 30 non-smokers (average age 26.96 years), and included the analysis of 100 metaphases per each blood sample. Differences in the arithmetic means of determined frequencies of chromosome aberrations were tested by two-tailed t-test for independent samples with the significance level of p < 0.05.Results: The results showed a significant increase in the frequencies of chromatid-type aberrations and total structural chromosome aberrations in smoker group. Frequencies of numerical aberrations did not differ significantly between two groups.Conclusions: This study confirmed genotoxicity of cigarette smoking and provided new evidence about its clastogenic activity.
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Bonilha, Amanda Gimenes, Antonio Ruffino-Netto, Mayara Piani Sicchieri, Jorge Alberto Achcar, Antonio Luiz Rodrigues-Júnior y José Baddini-Martinez. "Correlates of experimentation with smoking and current cigarette consumption among adolescents". Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia 40, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2014): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-37132014000600007.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze social characteristics and stress as correlates of cigarette smoking in adolescence. The main intent was to identify elements that distinguish adolescents who had experimented with smoking and did not progress to regular smoking from those who became current smokers. METHODS: Students at 10 high schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, completed a questionnaire based on an instrument employed in a similar large-scale study. The students were classified as never-smokers or experimenters. The experimenters were subcategorized as having become current smokers or nonprogressors. Analyses were performed using adjusted logistic models. RESULTS: A total of 2,014 students (mean age, 16.2 ± 1.1 years; females, 53%) completed the questionnaire. We categorized 1,283 students (63.7%) as never-smokers, 244 (12.1%) as current smokers, and 487 (24.2%) as nonprogressors. We found that experimentation with smoking was associated with being held back a grade in school (OR = 1.80), alcohol intake (low/occasional, OR = 8.92; high/regular, OR = 2.64), illicit drug use (OR = 9.32), having a sibling or cousin who smokes (OR = 1.39), having a friend who smokes (OR = 2.08), and high levels of stress (in females only, OR = 1.32). Factors associated with an increased risk of transitioning from experimenter to current smoker were alcohol intake (low/occasional, OR = 3.28; high/regular, OR = 2.16), illicit drug use (OR = 3.61), and having a friend who smokes (OR = 7.20). CONCLUSIONS: Current smoking was associated with a profile of socioeconomic correlates different from that associated with experimentation only. Our data (showing that current smoking was associated with having a friend who smokes, alcohol intake, and illicit drug use) suggest the need for comprehensive approaches to discourage substance use during adolescence.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

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Ho, Sai-yin Daniel. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20720907.

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Grynwald, Ana. "Smoking cessation education needs as reported by current smokers, former smokers, and nurses". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2004. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=412.

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Cascarelli, Nicholas V. "Differences Among Smokers, Nonsmokers and Former Smokers an Investigation of Health Care Workers". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1004466758.

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Molyneux, Andrew W. P. "The delivery of smoking cassation services". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288100.

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Pilon, Mandy J. "Effects of caffeine on cigarette smoking /". View abstract, 1999. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1572.html.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 1999.
Thesis advisor: Carol Shaw Austad. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts [in Psychology]." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 17-18).
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Ho, Sai-yin Daniel y 何世賢. "Mortality attributable to smoking in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29893276.

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John, Kevin H., Tifani R. Fletcher, Andrea D. Clements, Beth A. Bailey y Lana McGrady. "Perceptions of Smoking Health Risks During Pregnancy: Comparison of Smokers and Non-Smokers". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7270.

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Smoking during pregnancy is not only harmful to the mother, but the unborn baby as well. In East Tennessee, smoking rates during pregnancy are more than three times the national average. Smoking cessation interventions have been shown to assist in lowering smoking levels during pregnancy. More successful intervention strategies may be developed if pregnant mothers’ beliefs on how smoking harms themselves and their child are examined and addressed. It was hypothesized that there is a significant difference between smoking status (smoker or non-smoker) and perceptions of the amount of harm smoking can cause to the baby, and to themselves. Participants included 577 pregnant women, both smokers and nonsmokers, enrolled in the Tennessee Intervention for Pregnant Smokers program. Participants met with a case worker during a first trimester interview, and answered several questionnaires. The questionnaires included several items regarding their perceptions of harm from cigarette smoking to their unborn baby and to themselves. For the overall analysis of differences in smoking status, participants who answered that smoking was “somewhat” or “no, not harmful at all” were compared to those that answered “yes, a great deal harmful”. Two Chi-square tests for independence indicated a significant association between smoking status and perception of how smoking harms the baby, χ2 (1, 578) = 65.85, p < .001, and a significant association between smoking status and perception of how smoking harms the participants’ heath χ2 (1, 578) = 26.07, p < .001. Non-smokers were more likely than smokers to answer that smoking is “yes, a great deal harmful” to the baby and to themselves. The results also suggest that participants as a whole, regardless of smoking status, believe that smoking is more harmful to themselves than to their unborn baby. Qualitative analysis revealed the top five categories of responses (most to least frequent) given by participants on how they believed smoking harmed their unborn baby: low birth weight, lung and respiration problems, premature birth, developmental problems, and birth defects. The most frequent responses given by participants on how they believed smoking was personally harmful were: lung and respiration problems, cancer, heart and blood problems, physical appearance concerns, and life expectancy or death. Non-smokers gave proportionally more responses overall than smokers. One interesting observation is that while smokers seemed aware of the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight, it was non-smokers who were more likely to state that smoking could cause developmental problems and birth defects. Perhaps cessation interventions would be improved by focusing on women’s perceptions of these possible consequences of smoking during pregnancy to their unborn child. This knowledge is beneficial because analyzing perceptions of harm from smoking could lead to more successful smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy.
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Bear, Lisa M. "Smoking Intervention Strategy and Relationship Patterns of Smokers". W&M ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626427.

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Chung, Wai-ming. "A study on smokers' motivation to reduce and quit smoking /". View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36396734.

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McNeill, Ann. "The development of dependence in adolescent smokers". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262098.

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Libros sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

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United States. Public Health Service., ed. Good information for smokers. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2003.

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United States. Public Health Service., ed. Good information for smokers. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2003.

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Parsons, Julie. The smoking room. Bath: Shortlist, 2009.

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Lyon, Robert J. Comparison of working level ratios in houses occupied by smokers and non-smokers. Las Vegas, Nev: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, 1986.

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George Zorn & Co. Pipes & smokers articles. [Bel Air, MD: S.P. Jung Jr., 1989.

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Association, American Pharmaceutical, ed. Helping smokers quit: A guide for the pharmacist. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1987.

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University of Massachusetts at Boston. Center for Survey Research. Massachusetts tobacco survey: Youth survey instruments. Boston, Mass.]: Massachusetts Tobacco Control Program, 1993.

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National Cancer Institute (U.S.) y American Cancer Society, eds. Datos y consejos para dejar de fumar. [Bethesda, Md.?]: Institutos Nacionales de la Salud, Institutos Nacionales del Cáncer, 1996.

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National Cancer Institute (U.S.), ed. Clearing the air: How to quit smoking-- and quit for keeps. [Bethesda, Md.]: National Cancer Institute, 1993.

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Texas. Office of Smoking and Health. y University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Office of the Vice President for Health Policy., eds. Annual cost of cigarette smoking in Texas. [Austin, Tex.]: The Dept., 1993.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

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Sepkovic, D. W. y N. J. Haley. "Metabolism of Nicotine in Smokers and Nonsmokers". En Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine, 375–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1911-5_24.

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Russell, M. A. H. "Nicotine Intake and Its Regulation by Smokers". En Tobacco Smoking and Nicotine, 25–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1911-5_3.

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Tollison, Robert D. y Richard E. Wagner. "Markets, Insurance, And The Medical Costs Of Smokers". En The Economics of Smoking, 73–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3892-5_5.

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Yamane, Shoko, Hiroyasu Yoneda, Taiki Takahashi, Yoshio Kamijo, Yasuhiro Komori, Fumihiko Hiruma y Yoshiro Tsutsui. "Smokers, Smoking Deprivation, and Time Discounting". En Behavioral Economics of Preferences, Choices, and Happiness, 227–53. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55402-8_10.

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Mölgaard, Jörgen y Anders G. Olsson. "Apolipoprotein Profiles in Randomly Selected Smokers and Matched Controls". En Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis, 259–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5829-9_25.

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Ko, Fung. "Implications for smokers and public health policy". En A Psychoanalytic Approach to Smoking Cessation, 144–45. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003329077-24.

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Stein, Paul D., Jan Rival y Jeanne M. Riddle. "Platelets in Chronic Smokers Show a Hyperactive Response in Vitro to a Foreign Surface". En Tobacco Smoking and Atherosclerosis, 181–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5829-9_18.

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Albrecht, Susan A., Jacqueline Lamb y Thelma Patrick. "Smoking Cessation Intervention for Pregnant, Minority, Adolescent Smokers". En Tobacco and Health, 799–802. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1907-2_179.

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Wald, Nicholas y Ans Nicolaides-Bouman. "Age at starting to smoke". En UK Smoking Statistics, 97–104. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192616807.003.0007.

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Abstract Data on age at starting to smoke are available from surveys commissioned by the TAC between 1965 and 1987. Data are available for men and women for all ages combined; they are also stratified according to age at the time of the survey. In the tabulations the data relate to all persons who have ever smoked any form of tobacco, and therefore include ex-smokers as well as current smokers at the time of the survey.
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Eysenck, H. J. "Smokers and Non-Smokers". En Smoking, Health & Personality, 90–106. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351306485-5.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

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de Souza Barreto de Amaral, Bruna, Donayra Gomes Clara, Letícia Pavoni dos Passos, Luciano Matos Chicayban y Alexandre Pereira Santos. "Evaluation of pulmonary function and quality of life among smokers and non-smokers". En 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212400.

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Smoking is a major concern in modern society, as it is the main risk factor for COPD. In Brazil, one third of the adult population smokes, 16.7 million men and 11.2 million women. According to INCA statistics, there are an estimated 200 thousand annual deaths related to smoking in Brazil. To assess lung function and quality of life between smokers and non-smokers. A cross-sectional observational study will be carried out with 40 volunteers, 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers, male, aged between 50 and 70 years. Volunteers diagnosed with COPD, restrictive diseases, lung cancer, trachea and bronchi will be excluded. Volunteers will undergo an assessment of lung function through the following assessment methods: respiratory muscle strength by manovacuometry, peak expiratory flow and forced expiratory volume in one second through spirometry and quality of life will be performed using the Short Form Health Survey questionnaire 36 (SF-36). It is expected with the results obtained, to identify if there are changes in respiratory muscle strength, ventilatory function and quality of life of smokers. If there is respiratory compromise, the physical therapy approach can be directed towards preventive aspects of possible diseases related to smoking.
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Savitsky, A. A. y Y. V. Malinovskaya. "DETECTION OF MICRONUCLEI IN THE BUCCAL EPITHELIUM OF SMOKERS". En SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-101-103.

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In this work, it was made the influence assessment on the formation of micronuclei of such factors as: smoking, smoking experience and passive smoking using the micronucleus test. The results obtained allow us to conclude that these factors affect the increase in cells with micronuclei.
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Shihab AHMAD, Hanan, Saja Jamal NOMAN y Zaynab Khorsheed RASHEED. "EFFECT OF SMOKING CIGARETTES AND HOOKAH ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES AMONG THE STUDENTS OF THE AL-DOOR TECHNICAL INSTITUTE". En IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-3.

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The aimed of the study the effect of smoking cigarettes and hookah on some hematological and biochemical variables. Hematological parameters were measured the volume of (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), biochemical variables, lipid concentration in blood serum, glucose concentration in blood serum and ALP concentration in blood serum for some students of the Technical Institute, the role of smokers. 60 blood samples were collected from 20 cigarette smokers, 20 hookah smokers and 20 non-smoking students. Where there a significant increase at (P < 0.05) in the concentration of triglyceride in the blood of cigarette smokers compared to the control group and a significant decrease at (P < 0.05) in the concentration of Glucose and Hb compared with control group
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Martins, MT y AM Fernandes. "Smoking Habits and Smokers Prevalence in Shipyard Workers." En American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2622.

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Zahir, M., KK Eneh, P. Sharma y FM Schmidt. "Are the Non-Smoking Doctors Better Than the Smokers in Smoking Cessation Counseling?." En American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5195.

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Alsulami, Haneen Hamed. "INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF CIGARETTE SMOKING ON THE NKX3.1 AND TMPRSS2 GENES ASSOCIATED WITH MALE FERTILITY". En Dubai International Conference on Research in Life-Science & Healthcare, 22-23 February 2024. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icrlsh.2024.3041.

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Cigarette's smoking has a wide negative impact on human health, and it's have been related to many serious issues like cancer, heart disease, respiratory system, and number of health problems. Also, smoking can affect fertility in men by affecting the sperm on several levels. Our research will investigate the genetic risk factors in male by focusing on NKX3.1 and TMPRSS2 genes related to male fertility and investigate the correlation between the gene’s polymorphisms of three groups (smokers, non-smokers, and infertile men). The NKX3.1 or NK3 homeobox 1 located on chromosome 8 is the first known prostate epithelium-specific marker it is an androgen regulated transcriptional and tumor suppressor gene this gene encodes for a homeobox-containing transcription factor and the transcription factor involved in development of the testes and prostate. there are not enough research data about NKX3.1 single nucleotide’s DNA variations and interaction with cigarettes smoking. The TMPRSS2 gene or transmembrane serine protease 2 is located on chromosome 21 is an endothelial cell surface gene encodes a protein that belongs to the serine protease family. TMPRSS2 is expressed in prostate epithelial cells and is needed for normal prostate function. It’s also expressed across the gastrointestinal (digestive) tract, such as in intestinal epithelial cells and across the respiratory tract. This gives TMPRSS2 gene an advantage to study or investigate gene expression influenced by lifestyle habits such as cigarettes smoke. Most of today research is confined to respiratory and cardiovascular system affected by cigarettes smoke but this research will investigate the relation between cigarettes smoking and fertility problems in men by selecting two fertility related genes (NKX3.1 and TMPRSS2) and analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) From 75 blood samples collected from 25 smokers ,25 control and 25 infertile\sub-fertile men. To amplify the regions of interest within the applied gene from extracted DNA, a polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) will be used, and ELISA technique to measure serum hormones level (Testosterone and prolactin and Estrogen). We expect this research to provide new information from a new aspect about the effect of cigarettes smoking on those genes and their relation to male infertility.
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Chatzilia, Despoina, Stamatina Stratouli, Athanasios Stamatellopoulos, Ioannis Alamanos, Petros Mihos y George Fildisis. "Quality of life in smokers following smoking cessation treatment". En ERS International Congress 2017 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/1393003.congress-2017.pa1289.

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Sana, Aissa, Benzarti Wafa, Mezghani Sonia, Abdelghani Ahmed, Ghofrane Jaffel, Gargouri Imen, Ben Salem Halima, Garrouche Abdelhamid, Hayouni Abdelaziz y Benzarti Mohamed. "Characteristics of smoking cessation among hard-core smokers (HCS)". En ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa4309.

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Huet, Jason D., Mary Ellen Wewers, Kristine Browning, Judy Harness, Diane Habash, Amy Ferketich, Joseph Khabbaza y Philip T. Diaz. "Body Composition Changes In HIV+ Smokers Undergoing Smoking Cessation". En American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2649.

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Kapustina, Valentina y Anna Buchneva. "Smoking types and EVALI awareness in young Russian smokers". En ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1873.

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Informes sobre el tema "Smoking and Smokers"

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Ellerbeck, Edward, Kimber Richter, Nicole Nollen y Milind Phadnis. Smoking Cessation Versus Long-Term Nicotine Replacement among High-Risk Smokers. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), diciembre de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/12.2018.ad.130603104.

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Nollen, Nicole, Lisa Sanderson Cox, Matthew Mayo, Edward Ellerbeck y Jasjit Ahluwalia. Comparing Two Ways to Help African Americans Who Are Non-Daily Smokers Quit Smoking. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), agosto de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/08.2020.ad.131008709.

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Levine, Phillip, Tara Gustafson y Ann Velenchik. More Bad News for Smokers? The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Labor Market Outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, septiembre de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5270.

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Avery, Rosemary, Donald Kenkel, Dean Lillard y Alan Mathios. Private Profits and Public Health: Does Advertising Smoking Cessation Products Encourage Smokers to Quit? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, enero de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11938.

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Kerst, William F. Attentional Retraining Administered to Cigarette Smokers in the Field: Effects on Attentional Bias, Craving, and Smoking. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, julio de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012995.

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Robinson, Cendrine. A Mobile Device Based Intervention to Reduce the Influence of Smoking Cues Among African American Cigarette Smokers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febrero de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012741.

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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust y Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, octubre de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.

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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Albert, Andrea. Smoking Gun or Smoke & Mirrors? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), noviembre de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1575752.

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Martin, Joyce, Michelle Osterman y Anne Driscoll. Declines in Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy in the United States, 2016–2021. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), enero de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:123360.

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This report describes changes in the number and percentage of mothers who smoked cigarettes at any time during pregnancy in the United States from 2016 to 2021 and changes between 2016 and 2021 in the percentage of mothers who smoked during pregnancy by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, and state of residence.
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Leicester, Andrew y Peter Levell. Anti-smoking policies and smoker well-being: evidence from Britain. Institute for Fiscal Studies, junio de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2013.1313.

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