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1
Lynch, James Andrew. "A study of smoke aging examining changes in smoke particulate size". Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0510104-194400/.
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Saunders, Julie Ann. "The Prediction of Smoke Detector Activation Times in a Two-Storey House Fire through CFD Modelling". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4077.
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This report describes an investigation into the prediction of the activation times of domestic ionisation and photoelectric smoke detectors within a two storey dwelling, the work undertaken being an extension to that previously presented by Brammer (2002). Three fire scenarios are considered, each having been a real test fire undertaken at the Building Research Establishment in Cardington. These three fire scenarios all involved the flaming combustion of an upholstered armchair within the lounge on the Ground floor. During the experiments various results were recorded, including temperatures, optical densities and smoke detector activation times.
The fire scenarios where modelled using FDS, Version 5. Base parameters regarding the fuel load where defined to be 0.05kgsoot/kgfuel and 20MJ/kg. Consideration was also given to the effect varying the effective heat of combustion and defined soot yield would have on derived smoke detector activation times. Additional simulations where thus run considering soot yields of 0.04kgsoot/kgfuel and 0.10ksoot/kgfuel, and an effective heat of combustion of 25MJ/kg.
Three prediction methods where applied to the results of the FDS simulations for derivation of the activation times of smoke detectors located throughout the house. These methods where the temperature correlation method, Heskestad’s method, and Cleary’s method. The temperature correlation method considered activation criterions of 4°C, 13°C and 20°C above ambient.
The Heskestad and Cleary methods were found to derive comparable activation times for each detector location. None of the prediction algorithms where however found to predict activation times consistently comparable to the test data. Rather, it was determined that for an appropriate prediction method to be adopted for accurate assessment of a given fire scenario, consideration must be given to the:
• type of detector being assessed;
• location of the detector relative to the fire;
• mode of combustion (i.e. flaming or smouldering); and the
• growth rate of the fire.
3
Alamgir, Nyma. "Computer vision based smoke and fire detection for outdoor environments". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201654/1/Nyma_Alamgir_Thesis.pdf.
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Surveillance Video-based detection of outdoor smoke and fire has been a challenging task due to the chaotic variations of shapes, movement, colour, texture, and density. This thesis contributes to the advancement of the contemporary efforts of smoke and fire detection by proposing novel technical methods and their possible integration into a complete fire safety model. The novel contributions of this thesis include an efficient feature calculation method combining local and global texture properties, the development of deep learning-based models and a conceptual framework to incorporate weather information in the fire safety model for improved accuracy in fire prediction and detection.
4
Dawod, Jakob. "Seek : More than just a smoke detector". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105986.
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Every year, approximately 100 people die in fire related incidents in Sweden. ”Seek” is designed to assist fire fighters to locate people faster in smoke diving procedures. ”Seek” identifies people and possible dangers within the building before the smoke diving procedure begins. This allows the operation to be streamlined and planned, as well as avoiding risks which fire fighters are exposed to today. The early overview created by the ”Seek” smoke detector not only saves time in planning but reduces the time from accident until the people in the burning building can receive skilled care, increasing their chance of survival.
5
Alsaadi, Abdulrahman. "Smart smoke and fire detection with wireless and global system for mobile technology". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1606705.
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Fire safety is one of the major concerns for a safe home environment. Current implementations of home or workplace environment monitoring systems consist of rudimentary smoke detectors devoid of any communication capabilities. Recent trends in the industry have shown a growth in the use of smart devices at homes and with the recent advances in areas of machine learning and data sciences, this trend is expected to evolve at a rate faster than ever before. These smart devices constantly monitor the data of their environment and make decisions by performing data analytics on those observations. Amazon Echo is one such example where an ‘always-listening’ device responds intelligently to a speaker’s command giving its users a Smart Home experience.
In this implementation, we harness the developments in aforementioned areas to make Smart Fire Alarm System. The Smart Fire Alarm constantly monitors the environment and not only alerts the facility where it is located, but it also communicates with the fire department and the guardian of the property through Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communication making the damage control procedures efficient and faster. An ARM7 processor (LPDC 2148), ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, and GSM subsystems are used in this implementation to communicate between the base station and smoke detectors.
6
Garges, David Casimir. "Early Forest Fire Detection via Principal Component Analysis of Spectral and Temporal Smoke Signature". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1456.
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The goal of this study is to develop a smoke detecting algorithm using digital image processing techniques on multi-spectral (visible & infrared) video. By utilizing principal component analysis (PCA) followed by spatial filtering of principal component images the location of smoke can be accurately identified over a period of exposure time with a given frame capture rate. This result can be further analyzed with consideration of wind factor and fire detection range to determine if a fire is present within a scene. Infrared spectral data is shown to contribute little information concerning the smoke signature. Moreover, finalized processing techniques are focused on the blue spectral band as it is furthest away from the infrared spectral bands and because it experimentally yields the largest footprint in the processed principal component images in comparison to other spectral bands. A frame rate of .5 images/sec (1 image every 2 seconds) is determined to be the maximum such that temporal variance of smoke can be captured. The study also shows eigenvectors corresponding to the principal components that best represent smoke and are valuable indications of smoke temporal signature. Raw video data is taken through rigorous pre-processing schemes to align frames from respective spectral band both spatially and temporally. A multi-paradigm numerical computing program, MATLAB, is used to match the field of view across five spectral bands: Red, Green, Blue, Long-Wave Infrared, and Mid-Wave Infrared. Extracted frames are aligned temporally from key frames throughout the data capture. This alignment allows for more accurate digital processing for smoke signature. v Clustering analysis on RGB and HSV value systems reveal that color alone is not helpful to segment smoke. The feature values of trees and other false positives are shown to be too closely related to features of smoke for in solely one instance in time. A temporal principal component transform on the blue spectral band eliminates static false positives and emphasizes the temporal variance of moving smoke in images with higher order. A threshold adjustment is applied to a blurred blue principal component of non-unity principal component order and smoke results can be finalized using median filtering. These same processing techniques are applied to difference images as a more simple and traditional technique for identifying temporal variance and results are compared.
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Kohler, Daniel G. "STUDY OF STATISTICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE METHODS OF DETECTING TEMPORAL SIGNATURE OF FOREST FIRE HEAT PLUME FROM SINGLE-BAND GROUND-BASED INFRARED VIDEO". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/796.
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This thesis will analyze video from land-based, cooled mid-wave infrared cameras to identify temporal features indicative of a heat plume from a forest fire. Desirable features and methods will show an ability to distinguish between heat plume movement and other movements, such as foliage, vehicles, humans, and birds in flight. Features will be constructed primarily using combinations of statistics and principal component analysis (PCA) with intent to detect key characteristics of fire and heat plume: persistence and growth. Several classification systems will combine and filter the features in an attempt to classify pixels as either heat or non-heat. The classification systems will be tuned and compared with common metrics of error rate and computation time. It was found that the movement pattern of a heat plume could be distinguished from the similar movement pattern of foliage by detecting outlier movement patterns, a phenomenon associated with the growth property of fire. Outlier movement patterns were best detected by thresholding the quotient of mean and median of a set of variance measurements over time. The best tested classifier in terms of minimizing false positives without losing the heat signal came from PCA of a dual-range moving average difference.
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Phelan, Patrick. "Investigation of enhanced soot deposition on smoke alarm horns". Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-01075-121834/.
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Ďuriš, Denis. "Detekce ohně a kouře z obrazového signálu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412968.
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This diploma thesis deals with the detection of fire and smoke from the image signal. The approach of this work uses a combination of convolutional and recurrent neural network. Machine learning models created in this work contain inception modules and blocks of long short-term memory. The research part describes selected models of machine learning used in solving the problem of fire detection in static and dynamic image data. As part of the solution, a data set containing videos and still images used to train the designed neural networks was created. The results of this approach are evaluated in conclusion.
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Schneider, Dirk. "Untersuchung von Methoden zur Früherkennung von Bränden in Wald- und Vegetationsgebieten". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227018.
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Dissertation of Chief Fire Officer Dipl.-Ing. M. Sc. Dirk Schneider for achieving the academic degree of Dr.-Ing. of the Faculty of Forestry, Geo and Hydro Sciences of the Technical University of Dresden with the title: “Early Detection of Fires in Areas of Forests and other Vegetation”
Fires threaten and destroy extensive forest and vegetation areas every year, endangering people and its settlements, leading to significant pressures on the environment and destroying considerable high value resources. The expenditures in manpower, logistics and finance for safety in general and fire suppression in particular are considerable. To minimize these varied and extensive consequences of fires, early detection is desirable, making an effective firefighting strategy possible. This early detection is particularly of importance in remote, large-scale areas and territories not under observation by the population, especially if they are subject to an increased or high vulnerability. After investigating and considering the causes, that repeatedly lead to forest fires not only in the Federal Republic of Germany but worldwide, the author describes different traditional and modern methods for early detection of fires in areas of forests and other vegetation. Furthermore the author develops a performance item catalog, basing on practical and economic experience, by which not only novel early warning systems can be developed, but the systems and methods described in the present study also are assessed and compared. The comparison of various early warning systems is guided not only by means of technical features, but also from an economic perspective. Financial calculation methods, staff costs and the peculiarities in public administration are particularly noted. The author also shows the different parameters that influence the selection of an appropriate early warning system for the detection of forest and vegetation areas. It becomes clear that it is the scene of the incident with its specific parameters that determines the most useful early warning system.
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Cummings, W. Mark. "Smoke Movement Analysis (Smoke Transport Within a Corridor)". Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1088.
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"A series of full-scale fire tests were performed, using a fire compartment and an adjoining long (30+ m) corridor, as part of an effort to quantify the dynamics associated with smoke transport within a corridor. The tests were performed at the U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center’s Fire and Safety Test Detachment in Mobile, Alabama on board the Test Vessel Mayo Lykes. The resulting empirical data was analyzed in an effort to develop a method that could be used to estimate the movement of smoke within a corridor. The objective is to potentially incorporate this method into a smoke movement analysis “tool†that could, in turn, be used in conjunction with a fire safety analysis methodology previously developed by the U.S. Coast Guard; the Ship fire Safety Engineering Methodology (SFSEM). The goal is to develop a smoke movement analysis “module†that can be utilized in conjunction with the SFSEM when conducting an overall fire safety analysis of a ship. Of particular interest is the speed at which the smoke propagates along the length of the corridor. The focus of a smoke movement module would be life safety. A conservative assumption is made that if smoke is present in sufficient quantities to fill a corridor, then the corridor is to be considered untenable and not available as a means of egress. No attempt is made to address toxicity or density issues associated with smoke. This analysis developed correlations for the corridor smoke velocity, both as a function of the heat release rate of the associated fire and the upper layer temperatures within the fire compartment. Problems associated with the data collection and the narrow range of fire sizes used had a detrimental impact on the confidence level in the correlation based on heat release rate. The data do appear to confirm the results of previous efforts that indicated a weak relationship between the heat release rate and smoke velocity, on the order of the one-third to one-fourth power. The temperature data tended to be less problematic. This correlation shows promise for potential use with both the SFSEM and other existing computer models/routines. However, unlike previous studies of this relationship, the results of these data suggest that the velocity-temperature relationship is linear and not a square-root function. The test data were compared to predictive results using the CORRIDOR routine within FPETOOL. In general, the CORRIDOR results provided a reasonable good correlation to the tests data. Both the wave depth and temperature loss within the wave, as a function of distance, were consistently over-predicted. The velocity results were mixed, but were generally within 20 percent of the test data. The results of this study show promise, with respect to developing a correlation that can be used a method for predicting smoke movement in a corridor. However, due to the questionable nature of some of the data estimates, coupled with both a lack of sufficient number of tests and a limited range of fire sizes used, additional test data will be required to further validate the accuracy and refine the correlation(s) suggested by this work."
12
Starr, Joseph Wesley. "Rangefinding in Fire Smoke Environments". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73780.
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The field of robotics has advanced to the point where robots are being developed for use in fire environments to perform firefighting tasks. These environments contain varying levels of fire and smoke, both of which obstruct robotic perception sensors. In order to effectively use robots in fire environments, the issue of perception in the presence of smoke and fire needs to be addressed. The goal of this research was to address the problem of perception, specifically rangefinding, in fire smoke environments.
A series of tests were performed in fire smoke filled environments to evaluate the performance of different commercial rangefinders and cameras as well as a long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) stereo vision system developed in this research. The smoke was varied from dense, low temperature smoke to light, high temperature smoke for evaluation in a range of conditions. Through small-scale experiments on eleven different sensors, radar and LWIR cameras outperformed other perception sensors within both smoke environments. A LWIR stereo vision system was developed for rangefinding and compared to radar, LIDAR, and visual stereo vision in large-scale testing, demonstrating the ability of LWIR stereo vision to rangefind in dense smoke when LIDAR and visual stereo vision fail.
LWIR stereo vision was further developed for improved rangefinding in fire environments. Intensity misalignment between cameras and stereo image filtering were addressed quantitatively. Tests were performed with approximately isothermal scenes and thermally diverse scenes to select subsystem methods. In addition, the effects of image filtering on feature distortion were assessed. Rangefinding improvements were quantified with comparisons to ground truth data.
Improved perception in varying levels of clear and smoke conditions was developed through sensor fusion of LWIR stereo vision and a spinning LIDAR. The data were fused in a multi-resolution 3D voxel domain using evidential theory to model occupied and free space states. A heuristic method was presented to separate significantly attenuated LIDAR returns from low-attenuation returns. Sensor models were developed for both return types and LWIR stereo vision. The fusion system was tested in a range of conditions to demonstrate its ability for improved performance over individual sensor use in fire environments.Ph. D.
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Wang, Ying y Weiyi Lv. "Indoor video-based smoke detection". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9573.
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Traditional smoke detection methods need sensors close to the source of the smoke. In order to avoid this disadvantage, this thesis presents a method for indoor video based smoke detection. In addition, it helps to improve the success rate of detection, as well as reducing the false detection rate of suspected smoke. This method consists of two parts. First, we create a Gaussian mixture model to detect smoke color pixels. Then, we use the smoke’s dynamic features to detect the smoke area and extract it from the area found in the first step, and in that way we can find the real smoke area. Our results show that this method can detect the smoke even before the flame appears. This will provide earlier warnings of fire, thus reducing economic losses and casualties.
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Mehls, Michael D. "Propagation of fire generated smoke in shipboard spaces". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378130.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, March 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Kelleher, Matthew D. "March 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73). Also available in print.
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De, Vries Peter Joseph. "Analysis of forest fire smoke using satellite imagery". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26863.
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NOAA-9 AVHRR data from 17 and 18 September 1987 were used to perform forest fire smoke analysis and tracking. The analysis included alignment, subtraction and division of image digital values to produce an Aerosol Particle Size Index (S12) after Frost (1988). S12 provides information about the slope of the aerosol particle size distribution curve and can be used to infer particle size distribution changes over time. The results provide evidence that the smoke aging process may be successfully studied using satellite imagery, provided careful analysis and removal of background effects are performed. Keywords:Remote sensing; Nuclear winter; Forest fire smoke; Nuclear warfare; Military thesis
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Frizzi, Sebastien. "Apprentissage profond en traitement d'images : application pour la détection de fumée et feu". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0007.
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Les chercheurs ont établi une forte corrélation entre les étés chauds et la fréquence ainsi que l'intensité desincendies de forêt. Le réchauffement climatique dû aux gaz à effet de serre tels que le dioxyde de carboneaugmente la température dans certaines parties du monde. Or, les incendies libèrent des quantitésimportantes de gaz à effet de serre, engendrant une augmentation de la température moyenne sur terreinduisant à son tour une augmentation des incendies de forêt... Les incendies détruisent des millionsd'hectares de zones forestières, des écosystèmes abritant de nombreuses espèces et ont un cout importantpour nos sociétés. La prévention et les moyens de maîtrise des incendies doivent être une priorité pour arrêtercette spirale infernale.Dans ce cadre, la détection de la fumée est très importante, car elle est le premier indice d'un début d'incendie.Le feu et surtout la fumée sont des objets difficiles à détecter dans les images visibles en raison de leurcomplexité en termes de forme, de couleur et de texture. Cependant, l'apprentissage profond couplé à lasurveillance vidéo peut atteindre cet objectif. L'architecture des réseaux de neurones convolutifs (CNN) estcapable de détecter avec une très bonne précision la fumée et le feu dans les images RVB. De plus, cesstructures peuvent segmenter la fumée ainsi que le feu en temps réel. La richesse de la base de donnéesd'apprentissage des réseaux profonds est un élément très important permettant une bonne généralisation.Ce manuscrit présente différentes architectures profondes basées sur des réseaux convolutifs permettant dedétecter et localiser la fumée et le feu dans les images vidéo dans le domaine du visibleResearchers have found a strong correlation between hot summers and the frequency and intensity of forestfires. Global warming due to greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide is increasing the temperature in someparts of the world. Fires release large amounts of greenhouse gases, causing an increase in the earth'saverage temperature, which in turn causes an increase in forest fires... Fires destroy millions of hectares offorest areas, ecosystems sheltering numerous species and have a significant cost for our societies. Theprevention and control of fires must be a priority to stop this infernal spiral.In this context, smoke detection is very important because it is the first clue of an incipient fire. Fire andespecially smoke are difficult objects to detect in visible images due to their complexity in terms of shape, colorand texture. However, deep learning coupled with video surveillance can achieve this goal. Convolutionalneural network (CNN) architecture is able to detect smoke and fire in RGB images with very good accuracy.Moreover, these structures can segment smoke as well as fire in real time. The richness of the deep networklearning database is a very important element allowing a good generalization.This manuscript presents different deep architectures based on convolutional networks to detect and localizesmoke and fire in video images in the visible domain
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Webb, Alex K. "FDS modelling of hot smoke testing, cinema and airport concourse". Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-120606-181621/.
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Pert, Alastair David. "The use of smoke residues in forensic fire investigations". Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496076.
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Brookman, Matthew James. "Smoke characterization of incipient fire sources for FDS modeling". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8747.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Fire Protection Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Shulga, Dmitry N. "The simulation system for propagation of fire and smoke". Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2003. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04222003-161618.
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Smyth, Scott Bevel. "Conversion of SO₂ and NO in the Kuwait oil-fire plume". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25800.
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Garg, Sushil. "Video and Image Processing for Identification of Fire and Smoke". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1383644990.
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Abaya, Amado F. "Propagation of fire generated smoke in shipboard spaces with geometric interferences /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA384955.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Kelleher, Matthew D. "September 2000." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43). Also available online.
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Vegara, Billy J. "Propagation of fire generated smoke in shipboard spaces with heat source". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA384600.
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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2000.Thesis advisor(s): Kelleher, Matthew D. "September 2000." Cover title: Propagation of fire generated smoke and heat transfer in shipboard spaces with a heat source. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54). Also available in print.
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Abaya, Amado F. Jr. "Propagation of fire generated smoke in shipboard spaces with geometric interferences". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7773.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedThe propagation of fire generated smoke into a shipboard space with a geometric interference has been modeled using commercial software from the Computational Fluid Dynamics Research Corporation (CFDRC). This study was based on the dimensions of compartment 01-163-2-L and the installed ladder aboard an Arleigh Burke Class Flight IIIA Destroyer. A test model was run which validated the hindrance of fluid flow by a geometric interference. Smoke propagation scenarios were run in the shipboard compartment model. The results of the first scenario showed that smoke propagation is limited by the geometric interference. The results of the second scenario showed that smoke that is directed vertically is diverted by the geometric interference. The overall goal of this study is to show that computational fluid dynamics software can successfully model smoke propagation in shipboard spaces with a geometric interference.
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DiGuiseppi, Carolyn Grace. "Cluster-randomised controlled trial of a smoke alarm give-away programme". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269760.
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Lin, Han. "Computational study of smoke suppression by using water mist and sprinkler fire protection system in high rise building fire". Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691674.
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Gong, Jian y 龚剑. "Multiple solutions of smoke flow in building fires". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45143456.
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Kelly, Hannah. "Where there’s smoke there’s fire: An opportunity theory perspective on vehicle arson". Thesis, Kelly, Hannah (2016) Where there’s smoke there’s fire: An opportunity theory perspective on vehicle arson. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35574/.
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Opportunity theories of crime suggest that crime occurs in specific spatio-temporal patterns due to an increase in opportunity and a decrease in risk. Financially-motivated crimes have been demonstrated to be influenced by the economy. From an opportunity perspective this is likely to be due to changes in an individual’s financial circumstances leading them to view the benefits of crime to outweigh the risks. To extend this idea, this research is examining whether financial hardship influences the perceived costs/benefits associated with crimes such as vehicle arson committed with the intention of escaping debt. From 1997-2003, vehicle fires in Surrey were occurring at a rate more than double the national average and many of these were transpiring under suspicious circumstances. Using an opportunity theory framework, this study aims to examine the spatio-temporal patterns of vehicle arson and discover how it was effected by changes in economic conditions. The data for this study were obtained from Surrey Fire Services and contain information on all fires that involved a vehicle in Surrey from 2000-2015. The vehicle fire data were separated into arson and non-arson groups depending on their recorded act/omission and various economic variables were considered to represent the market. Vehicle arson trends were examined over the study period along with motor vehicle theft data, economic variables and the non-arson fire data. Relative to the unsuspicious vehicle fires, vehicle arson was significantly more likely to occur at night in areas with little surveillance. Results indicate that vehicle arson increases during times of economic downturn. Vehicle arson significantly increased following a rise in unemployment and interest rates whilst non-arson vehicle fires remained stable throughout the study period thus supporting an opportunity theory of crime. Results are discussed with relation to situational crime prevention policy and practice.
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Barowy, Adam M. "Heat and Smoke Transport in a Residential-Scale Live Fire Training Facility: Experiments and Modeling". Digital WPI, 2010. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/977.
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"Understanding fire behavior is critical to effective tactical decision making on the fireground, particularly since fireground operations significantly impact the growth and spread of the fire. Computer-based simulation is a flexible, low-cost training methodology with proven success in fields such as pilot training, space, and military applications. Computer-based simulation may enhance fire behavior training and promote effective fireground decision making. This study evaluates the potential of the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) and Smokeview to be utilized as a part of a computer-based fire fighter trainer. Laboratory compartment fire experiments and full-scale fire experiments in a live-fire training facility were both conducted as part of the NIST Multiphase Study on Fire Fighter Safety and the Deployment of Resources. The laboratory experiments characterized the burning behavior of wood pallets to design a repeatable fire for use in the field experiments. The field experiments observed the effects of varying fire fighter deployment configurations on the performance times of fire fighter actions at a live fire training facility. These actions included opening the front door and fire suppression. Because the field experiments simulated numerous fire department responses to a repeatable fire, data were available to evaluate FDS simulation of heat and smoke spread, and changes in the thermal environment after the front door is opened and fire suppressed. In simulating the field experiments, the laboratory-measured heat release rate was used as an input. Given this assumption, this study has two objectives: 1) to determine if simulations accurately spread heat and smoke through a multi-level, multi-compartment live fire training facility 2) to determine if the simulations properly reproduce changes in the thermal environment that result from two typical fire fighter actions: opening the front door and fire suppression. In simulation, heat and smoke spread to measurement locations throughout the test structure at times closely matching experimentally measured times. Predictions of peak temperatures near the ceiling were within approximately 20% for all measurement locations. Hot gas layer temperature and depth were both predicted within 10% of the floor to ceiling height. After the front door was opened, temperature changes near the door at the highest and lowest measurement locations matched with temperature changes in the experiments. After fire suppression, FDS simulated temperature decay at a rate within the range measured in the field experiments and approximated the total rise of the hot gas layer interface in the burn compartment 250 seconds after suppression."
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Gaskin, Jeremy Mervyn. "The Efficiency of Plastic Skylight Panels as Smoke Vents in the Event of Fire". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4994.
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Concerns have been raised over the use of plastic skylights as smoke vents in large single story buildings. The plastic skylights provide natural light to the building. There has been an assumption that these plastic panels will melt and provide smoke and heat venting during a fire.
The plastics commonly used in New Zealand, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonate, acrylic and glass fibre-reinforced polyester (GRP) have been tested in small scale
experiments to further the understanding of the behaviour of the materials at elevated temperatures. The behaviour of particular interest is the effectiveness of the skylight as a vent for hot buoyant gases.
Small scale experiments have been conducted to find the mass flow rate of an unobstructed vent. Experiments have then been carried out on samples of the four skylight materials for a range of exposure temperatures and times. The mass flow has been measured for the deformed sample and compared to the unobstructed flow.
The results of the small scale experiments have been analysed and an empirical relationship has been developed for the PVC and polycarbonate material. The acrylic behaviour does not provide enough data to include it in the empirical relationship. The GRP failed to melt and was therefore also excluded from the empirical relationship.
A model has been developed to demonstrate the use of the empirical relationship. The model compares four cases, the vents always open, the vents always closed, the vents opening at a single value and the area when calculated using the empirical relationship.
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Al-Khateeb, Shadi A. "Fire Detection Using Wireless Sensor Networks". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1411471850.
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Li, Yuchuan. "Dual-Attention Generative Adversarial Network and Flame and Smoke Analysis". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42774.
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Flame and smoke image processing and analysis could improve performance to detect smoke or fire and identify many complicated fire hazards, eventually to help firefighters to fight fires safely. Deep Learning applied to image processing has been prevailing in recent years among image-related research fields. Fire safety researchers also brought it into their studies due to its leading performance in image-related tasks and statistical analysis. From the perspective of input data type, traditional fire research is based on simple mathematical regressions or empirical correlations relying on sensor data, such as temperature. However, data from advanced vision devices or sensors can be analyzed by applying deep learning beyond auxiliary methods in data processing and analysis. Deep Learning has a bigger capacity in non-linear problems, especially in high-dimensional spaces, such as flame and smoke image processing. We propose a video-based real-time smoke and flame analysis system with deep learning networks and fire safety knowledge. It takes videos of fire as input and produces analysis and prediction for flashover of fire.
Our system consists of four modules. The Color2IR Conversion module is made by deep neural networks to convert RGB video frames into InfraRed (IR) frames, which could provide important thermal information of fire. Thermal information is critically important for fire hazard detection. For example, 600 °C marks the start of a flashover. As RGB cameras cannot capture thermal information, we propose an image conversion module from RGB to IR images. The core of this conversion is a new network that we innovatively proposed: Dual-Attention Generative Adversarial Network (DAGAN), and it is trained using a pair of RGB and IR images.
Next, Video Semantic Segmentation Module helps extract flame and smoke areas from the scene in the RGB video frames. We innovated to use synthetic RGB video data generated and captured from 3D modeling software for data augmentation.
After that, a Video Prediction Module takes the RGB video frames and IR frames as input and produces predictions of the subsequent frames of their scenes.
Finally, a Fire Knowledge Analysis Module predicts if flashover is coming or not, based on fire knowledge criteria such as thermal information extracted from IR images, temperature increase rate, the flashover occurrence temperature, and increase rate of lowest temperature.
For our contributions and innovations, we introduce a novel network, DAGAN, by applying foreground and background attention mechanisms in the image conversion module to help reduce the hardware device requirement for flashover prediction. Besides, we also make use of combination of thermal information from IR images and segmentation information from RGB images in our system for flame and smoke analysis. We also apply a hybrid design of deep neural networks and a knowledge-based system to achieve high accuracy. Moreover, data augmentation is also applied on the Video Semantic Segmentation Module by introducing synthetic video data for training.
The test results of flashover prediction show that our system has leading places quantitative and qualitative in terms of various metrics compared with other existing approaches. It can give a flashover prediction as early as 51 seconds with 94.5% accuracy before it happens.
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Keane, Jenna Christine. "Air quality and visibility in southwestern British Columbia during forest fire smoke events". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42945.
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In recent years, the frequency of forest fires has been increasing in western North America. With an increase in forest fire activity, attention has been drawn to the negative effects forest fire smoke has on air quality and visibility. This study quantifies the relationship between smoke, air quality and visibility. Determining how much smoke produced by forest fires influences air quality and visibility will improve air quality forecasting. This study was conducted from 2007 through 2011 during the fire season (April - October) in southwestern British Columbia, focusing on the Georgia Basin airshed.
A host of tools were used to determine how air quality and visibility were influenced by forest fire smoke. Satellite Fire Detection from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s, National Geophysical Data Centre(NDGC) was used to determine on which days during the four year period smoke was present in southwestern British Columbia. To determine where smoke particles were transported from, NOAA’s HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was used. Backward trajectories were computed from Vancouver International Airport on days which smoke was present. PM₂.₅ (particles with a diameter less than 2.5 microns) and O₃ (ozone) concentrations were examined at twelve locations. Gases and aerosols produced by forest fires are known to degrade visibility. A semi-automated approach was used to calculate visibility using digital images.
Southwestern British Columbia's air quality and visibility was negatively influenced by smoke. Up to 30% of summer days in the Georgia Basin airshed were influenced by smoke. The summer of 2009 experienced the most smoke days. Smoke and aerosol concentrations were largely influenced by dominating weather patterns. Two weather patterns dominate in the Georgia Basin airshed on smoke days. One pattern creates favourable conditions to produce forest fires and the other is likely to transport smoke from the interior of British Columbia into the Georgia Basin airshed. Concentrations of fine particulate matter increased on average by 5 µgm⁻³ and ozone increased by 7 ppb when smoke was present. Visual range (VR) decreased on average by 60 km and estimated extinction values increased during smoke events.
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Cheong, Mun Kit. "Assessment of Vehicle Fire Development in Road Tunnels for Smoke Control Ventilation Design". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2863.
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A fire in road tunnel can be dangerous and lead to serious consequences if not addressed
appropriately. In a tunnel fire incident, creating a smoke free path for motorist evacuation
and facilitating fire fighters to access the fire is critical for fire and rescue operations. A
means of achieving this is to use ventilation fans to blow sufficient air down the tunnel
ensuring no back-layering of smoke occurs upstream of the fire. The airflow necessary for
such operation is known as the critical velocity which is a function of a number of factors
includes; heat release rate, tunnel geometry, tunnel gradient etc. Among these parameters,
the heat release rate is the most difficult to identify as this value is dependent on the types
of vehicles, number of vehicles involved, the type of cargo and the quantity of cargo
carried by these vehicles. There are also other factors such as the influence of ventilation
condition, tunnel geometry and the use of legislation (to restrict hazardous vehicles
entering in tunnel) that could affect the heat release rate in a tunnel fire. The number of
possible fire scenarios is numerous.
Based on current practise, fire size selection for most tunnel ventilation design often
references various guidelines such as NFPA 502, BD78/99 or the PIARC technical
committee report. The heat release rate, particularly for goods vehicle recommended by
the guidelines varies from 20 to 30 MW. However, recent fire tests conducted in the
Runehamar tunnel experiments indicate a higher heat release rate. These experiments
suggest that heat release rate guidelines for goods vehicles might be underestimated. An
ideal means to estimate the heat release rate in the tunnel is to use the oxygen consumption
calorimetry technique. However, this approach is generally expensive, logistically
complicated to perform and it is often not feasible to conduct such tests for a tunnel project
at the initial design stage simply because the structure and systems are not ready for such
activities.
This research thesis presents an approach to establish a design fire in a road tunnel
particularly the peak heat release rate for emergency tunnel ventilation system design. The
analysis consists of two stages; stage one involves the use of a probabilistic approach (risk
analysis) to identify the potential cause and type of vehicle which could result in a tunnel
fire. Findings from the risk analysis are used in stage two in which Computational Fluid
II
Dynamics (CDF) modelling is used to establish the heat release rate in the tunnel
considering factors such as fuel load, ventilation condition, tunnel geometry and ignition
location. The Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS 4.0.7), a CFD model of fire-driven fluid flow
is used for the analysis and an urban road tunnel project in Singapore is used to illustrate
this methodology.
Other topic related to this research work includes the reconstruction for the Runehamar
tunnel fire test using numerical approach to calibrate the FDS simulation model. The used
of Probabilistic Bayesian approach and CFD approach using FDS to estimate the heat
release rate in the tunnel is also investigated in this thesis. The effect of vehicle fire spread
in road tunnel and numerical simulation of road tunnel fires using parallel processing is
presented. Preliminary work in using FDS5 for tunnel simulation work is discussed as part
of the research work in this project.
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Beaumont, Sean. "The synthesis and evaluation of inherently fire retardant/low smoke unsaturated polyester resins". Thesis, Kingston University, 1997. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20603/.
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A study has been undertaken to attempt to overcome three major problems associated with common unsaturated polyester resins. These problems are the emissions of free styrene, high flammability and the emission of thick black smoke during combustion. A novel cross-linking monomer, containing two allyloxy substituents and one diethylamino substituent, has' been synthesised and purified in a two stage reaction using cyanuric chloride as the starting material. This new monomer contains five nitrogen atoms in an attempt to reduce smoke evolution and has a low volatility to reduce volatile organic emissions. It was found that this monomer was totally miscible with all resin types, based on both aromatic and aliphatic alkyds, and produced a degree of cross-linking in excess of 95% when cured with dicumyl peroxide at 90°C for 16 hrs and then 140°C for 3 hours. Combustion tests showed that the new resins produced considerably less smoke than the styrenated resins, show higher LOI values, i.e. require a higher percentage of oxygen to sustain combustion, and a lower surface spread of flame. These improved combustion properties are a direct result of the improved charring characteristics of the resins caused by the incorporation of the triazine monomer. It has been shown, however, that normal fire retardant phosphorus additives used in unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) have little or no effect in the triazine resins and do not show any synergism with the nitrogen atoms in the new monomer. As a result of this, at high additive loading levels, the combustion behaviour improvements shown by the triazine resins over the styrenated resins are drastically reduced. It has also been shown that the triazine resins have a very high burning rate. The lack of phosphorus activity in the triazine resins has been shown to be caused by these resins thermally decomposing at low temperatures where the phosphorus is not active. This low decomposition temperature also leads to rapid decomposition and thus a high burning rate. The lack of synergism might be caused by the tertiary amine substituent being too stable towards interaction with the phosphorus additives; a primary amine might be more suitable. Mechanical studies have shown the new resin to be brittle in comparison to the styrenated resins but that it has increased Barcol hardness values, heat distortion temperature and flexural modulus.
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Lahlou, Mehdi y Sebastian Sandstedt. "Where There’s Smoke, There’s Fire : An Analysis of the Riksbank’s Interest Setting Policy". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143163.
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We analyse the Swedish central bank, the Riksbank’s, interest setting policy in a Taylor rule framework. In particular, we examine whether or not the Riksbank has reacted to fluctuations in asset prices during the period 1995:Q1 to 2016:Q2. This is done by estimating a forward-looking Taylor rule with interest rate smoothing, augmented with stock prices, house prices and the real exchange rate, using IV GMM. In general, we find that the Riksbank’s interest setting policy is well described by a forward-looking Taylor rule with interest rate smoothing and that the use of factors as instruments, derived from a PCA, serves to alleviate the weak-identification problem that tend to plague GMM. Moreover, apart from finding evidence that the Riksbank exhibit a substantial degree of policy rate inertia and has acted so as to stabilize inflation and the real economy, we also find evidence that the Riksbank has been reacting to fluctuations in stock prices, house prices, and the real exchange rate.
38
Xie, Yong. "Detection of smoke and dust aerosols using multi-sensor satellite remote sensing measurements". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4595.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.Vita: p. 136. Thesis director: John J. Qu. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Earth Systems and Geoinformation Sciences. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-135). Also issued in print.
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Zafar, Muhammad Asif y Zeshan Aslam Khan. "Fire Detection in Coal Mines Using WSN". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5030.
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Fire Detection in Coal Mines Using WSN is an application for monitoring and detection of fire in coal mines using wireless sensor networks. The application uses BDI (Belief, Desire and Intention) based multi agent model and its implementation on sensor networks. The Language which is interpreted by Jason is an extension of AgentSpeak; this is based on the BDI Architecture. The BDI agents are reactive planning systems, systems that are not meant to compute the value of a function and terminate, but rather designed to be permanently running, reacting to some form of event. The distributed model of environment is adopted to overcome the communication overhead, power consumption, network delay and reliability on a centralized base station.
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Krasuski, Adam y Piotr Wasilewski. "The Detection of Outlying Fire Service’s Reports". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-113145.
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We present a methodology for improving the detection of outlying Fire Service’s reports based on domain knowledge and dialogue with Fire & Rescue domain experts. The outlying report is considered as element which is significantly different from the remaining data. Outliers are defined and searched on the basis of domain knowledge and dialogue with experts. We face the problem of reducing high data dimensionality without loosing specificity and real complexity of reported incidents. We solve this problem by introducing a knowledge based generalization level intermediating between analysed data and experts domain knowledge. In the methodology we use the Formal Concept Analysis methods for both generation appropriate categories from data and as tools supporting communication with domain experts. We conducted two experiments in finding two types of outliers in which outliers detection was supported by domain experts.
41
Chung, Chi-Hung y 張吉弘. "Video-based Fire and Smoke Detection System". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06965426742936856902.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
資訊工程學系
102
Along with the progress of computer technology, sophisticated image processing/understanding methods have developed and the application of intelligent video surveillance system are becoming more and more popular. In this thesis, we use image processing techniques to analyze image features of flame and smoke. The image features are then used to develop a video-based fire and smoke detection system. The proposed system consists of the fire detection module and the smoke detection module. In the fire detection module, we first detect foreground objects with a proper background model. Then, three pre-trained fire color look up tables, an LDA model, the standard deviation of the G-channel, an evaluated flame risk value are used to detect flame in video. In the smoke detection module, we use dark channel analysis to extract suspicious blurry regions from video. Also, we use wavelet analysis to determine whether the high frequency image energy is reducing. Then, smoke candidate regions are computed and are tracked to examine if the area of any of them keeps growing. When the area of a smoke candidate is increasing, it is determined to be a smoke region. Experimental results show that, when the input video resolution is 640×480, the fire and smoke detection speed is 100 frames/sec., and the recognition accuracy is about 92%.
42
Lin, Pa-Hsun y 林伯勳. "Fire and Smoke Detection Using Random Forest Algorithm". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56813956821976269774.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
資訊工程學系
101
Along with the progress of computer computation capabilities, sophisticated image processing/understanding methods have been developed and the functions of intelligent video surveillance systems have been greatly extended. In this thesis, we develop a video-based fire and smoke detection system based on the random forest algorithm. We use the distinct color and image variation properties of fire/smoke to select candidate regions. Then, image features of texture and motion patterns of the candidate regions are analyzed to determine any fire/smoke region. We propose to extract the features of both the texture and motion patterns of the fire/smoke with the local binary pattern (LBP) method. The random forest method is augmented to use the LBP features for fire/smoke detection to reduce false positive and enhance the fire and smoke detection rate.
43
Wu, Jin-Rong y 吳晉榮. "Wavelet Based Fire and Smoke Detection In Video". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13941578222494412004.
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碩士義守大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
98
In order to detect fire and smoke in the open space, this paper integration the same properties of the flame and smoke to detect whether an open space in the presence of fire and smoke. First, detection image if there are moving objects, then use the color of flame and the chrominance value change in background image caused by smoke to analysis the move region. The third and fourth step are used the frequency to analysis the boundaries and flicker or oscillations in a pixel due to fire and smoke. The last step is using the boundaries properties of fire and smoke to reduce the false positives. Final combined the results of all steps to determine whether the video presence fire and smoke. Because of using the above methods to detect fire and smoke will cause the false alarm rate is too high, at the end of this paper suggested several ways to improve the false alarm rate. Including improve the threshold of moving objects detection method and improve the time frequency identification methods and using the different methods to determine the contours of smoke.
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Chiang, Pei-Yun y 江珮筠. "Vision-based Fire and Smoke Detection with Spatial-Temporal Features". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99909203978978345439.
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碩士中華大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
100
Conventional smoke and fire alarms are detected with the smoke and temperature sensors when the smoke and fire have occurred for a time period. Vision-based smoke and fire detection systems can detect the smoke and fire in time. In this study, a novel vision-based fire and smoke detection method is proposed to reduce the false alarm ratio significantly. Recently, vision-based studies applied visual features such as the color, motion, edges, and shape to detect the smoke and fire. However, vision-based detection methods will encounter the problems of the variations of illumination and color. Our proposed method integrates the features of scene change detection, color information, spatial-temporal analysis, and optical flow to detect the fire and smoke simultaneously. First, scene change regions are identified by the background subtraction and then the candidate flame regions are identified by applying fire-colord GMM models. Second, the temporal and spatial wavelet analyses are used to extract the motion and spatial texture distribution characteristics for the fire/smoke regions. Here, all the above-mentioned visual features are integrated with a rule-based judge rule to detect the occurrences of the fire and smoke in time. Finally, we utilize the optical flow features associated with the SVM classifier to verify whether the detected flame/smoke is valid or not. Experimental results show that the recognition rate can approach 98.0% with the efficiency 12 fps.
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Yin, Yen-Hui y 尹燕輝. "The Smoke Detection for Earily Fire-Alarming Based on Video Processing". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67112921921817003664.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
電子與資訊工程研究所碩士班
95
The paper presents a smoke-detection method for early fire-alarming system based on video processing. Real-time fire accident alarm rising is important, especially for the early time. Because the alarm is the more it sent out early, the more it can earn the time for people to take the emergency procedure and protect the security of the lives and properties. In general, most of combustible objects will generate smoke before it catches fire. So if we can early and correctly detect the smoke, it should be able to offer the early fire alarm. From the video image that We are captured by DVR, we extract the smoke-pixels to monitor and judge. The basic strategy of smoke-pixel judgment is composed of two decision functions: one is a chromaticity-based decision function in static characteristic and the other is a smoke source unchangeable and a diffusion-based decision function in dynamic characteristic. The chromatic decision rule is deduced by grayish color of smoke and the dynamic decision rule is dependent on The smoke produced from the source successively and the diffusion attribute of smoke. To give an appropriate alarm, a fuzzy scheme is introduced to enhance the reliability of alarming by checking if the quantity of smoke extracted increases with the checking time. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide an early alarm at a lower false alarm rate before the fire burns up. Now, the digital monitoring system has been very general already. The application is sure to be more popular in the future. The proposed method can provide a reliable and cost-effective solution for smoke detection and hence is very attractive for the important places, social security, commercial applications, and so on.
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Chau-Yu, Gong y 宮肇猷. "Apply Fire Dynamics Simulation to Assisted Apiration Smoke Detector Design". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57433918366427179155.
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碩士中華大學
營建管理學系碩士班
100
Because of the complexity of modern architecture and large-scale fires, it may be accompanied by a huge property losses and personal injury or even death; building fire is an important issue for today's Social Security. If the particles for smoke detection, fire alarm ahead of time, early fire-fighting and evacuation operations, you can reduce the disaster, disaster, the loss tends to the minimum, so very early fire detection will be born out. In this study, using computational fluid dynamics(CFD), based on fire dynamics simulation software (FDS) assist Aspiration smoke detector (ASD) design of large high-ceilinged space with actual experimental data analysis, mutual authentication to provide more solutions for fire safety design. FDS is a tool to simulate two smoke source, smoke particles and oil; smoke particles, the purpose of acceptance testing, in accordance with the FIA testing standards and simulation of slow growth fire; oil to explore stratification effect.The simulation of fast-growing line of fire. And then simulated three kinds of air flow field wind speed.The study found that in the FDS simulation ASD design, simulation results and the actual time data close to actual experimental data but results approximate the actual data tends to be idealistic.If you use of FDS data simulation ASD system design, reference for analog data need to set aside a certain amount of flexibility.
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Chen, Yu-Jen y 陳佑任. "CFD model Evaluation of Smoke Control, Fire and Gas Detection Systems in Clean Rooms of High-Tech Plants". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hye59g.
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博士國立雲林科技大學
工程科技研究所
107
Technology development has driven the development of various technology industries, increasing the need for 3C chips. To produce large quantities of chips, suppliers have been expanding their production lines at a quick pace; and to increase the yield of products, the demand of clean rooms has become more stringent. Cleanliness requirements for related processes made it difficult for field testing in clean rooms, therefore this research based design specifications on the majority of clean rooms to build the test model. This research assess some problem in fire control, detection, and gas leakage detection in clean room by CFD model. The evaluation models were setting by actual condition in clean room. Fab smoke exhaust system is approved as a better system to exhaust smoke, because hot gas will entrain air to go up with flow stream to the smoke exhaust system. 4500 CMM was found having the best exhaust efficiency for 2MW and 5 MW fires. The loss area is smaller for stopping or derating FFU in the fire zone than no smoke curtains scenario in this research. Because of alarm thresholds, smoke detectors in the Fab did not actuate in early stages of clean room fire. Therefore, the Air Sampling-Type Smoke Detector, (ASD) systems were required below the raised floor and the dry-coil for monitoring. Evaluation of airflow and diffusion within clean rooms showed light and heavy gases are both affected by the downward airflow of the FFU, resulting in a higher diffusion rate below elevated floors than above them. In addition, high levels of ventilation can dilute the leaked gas, resulting in an unobvious TWA leakage area for gas leaks below 0.1 g/s. Toxicity detectors should be installed within 1 g/s leakage areas below raised floor to ensure effectiveness, and be closer to actual conditions within clean rooms. Clean rooms are highly ventilated areas, and are difficult to perform tests and assessments. For evaluations regarding smoke control, fire detection, and gas leaks, this research can act as basis for protection of current factories, as well as aid in the design of new facilities. CFD models can be utilized to predict the interior airflow and other related parameters needed for protection. These results can be quantified and is important data for future facility improvements or designs.
48
Chen-YuTsai y 蔡承諭. "The Public Policy Promotion and Innovation Diffusion of Fire Department-Taking The Smoke Detector Fire Department of Tainan City Government Promote As Example". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bgabqu.
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碩士國立成功大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
102
The smoke detector has been promoted by developed country like England, U.S. and Japan for couple of years. However, it is a novel and inexperienced fire safety equipment for our national. Relative fire authorities should raise people’s willingness installing smoke detectors by standard marketing methods, so that the penetration of smoke detectors could be elevated. Meanwhile, we can promote other safety policy at the same time to make people’s daily life more secure. This research is established based on innovation diffusion theory, public policy promotion, and technology acceptance model. For innovation diffusion theory, this research considers comparative advantage and compatibility as the main perceived factors of people with regard to novel things. For public policy promotion, we take policy promotion as products and services selling to complement the general knowledge of fire secure. The policy promotion factors we used are service, imforming/educating and personnal. We further import both innovation diffusion theory and public policy promotion into technology acceptance model in order to discuss the perceived usefulness and behavior intention of people using smoke detector. According to our research results, first of all, the comparative advantages and compatibility of user’s cognitive are with significant impact to perceived usefulness. Second, the profession and beneficial service, and the extent of mass communication are with significant impact to perceived usefulness. Third, the personnel’s effort of user’s cognitive are not with significant impact to perceived usefulness. Forth, perceived usefulness play a intervening variable during the effective process of relative advantage, compatibility, profession and beneficial service, and the extent of mass communication to behavior intention. In summary, this research has proved relative advantage, compatibility, profession and beneficial service, and the extent of mass communication are benefit to raise the percentage of people installing smoke detector. And personnel’s effort such like helping or teaching people to install smoke detector are not useful.
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Zhao, Guanchao. "Study of Fire Smoke Filling in Building by Helium Smoke Tests". Thesis, 2012. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/974677/4/Zhao_GuanChao_MASc_F2012.pdf.
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One of the commissioning methods for building fire management systems is hot smoke test, in which liquid fuel is burnt to generate a buoyant plume mixed with artificial tracer smoke to model a fire smoke. The method is costly and often causes safety concerns. This thesis proposes an alternative method of "helium smoke test", in which pure helium is supplied to create the buoyant plume. Helium smoke test does not involve burning fuel and it is therefore safer than hot smoke test. This study developed a theoretical model of helium plume, conducted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to model smoke filling process for helium smoke test, validated the CFD model by the experiments in a full-size and a sub-scale building model, and then applied it to simulations of fire smoke propagations in an actual building and a scaled road tunnel.
Based on the theory of ideal fire smoke plume, the theoretical model was developed to determine the flow rate of helium necessary to achieve the same buoyancy effect as that of the corresponding hot smoke test. An original method was developed in the CFD model, fire dynamics simulator (FDS), to track the smoke layer height based on species concentrations. The FDS model was validated by measured data in a full-size atrium in the literature. To better validate the theoretical and the FDS models of helium smoke test, experiments were conducted in a 1:26.5 sub-scale building model. The smoke was illuminated by laser sheet optics and clear smoke layer height was then recorded. Helium concentrations were measured by a helium analyzer. It is found that helium smoke test can predict smoke layer heights as reasonably well as the corresponding hot smoke test with various fire sizes. The applications of helium smoke test are demonstrated by the simulations in a full-size building test facility and a sub-scale road tunnel at the Institute for Research in Construction of National Research Council Canada (NRC-IRC).
50
Shien, Shang-Shyong y 謝勝雄. "Smoke Temperature And Height In Ship Fire". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11804989268894994141.
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碩士國立成功大學
造船工程學系
85
Summary: Owing to society`s progress, the opportune that humman use energy exists everywhere. The chance of fire is increasing by the rate of using fire. According to statistics about fire, the fire grows up year by year.So the ship fire in sea is dangerouser than the buildings on land. The main dangerous of fire is the smoke. For this reason, we develop aprogram to analysis the smoke temperature and smoke height.If the building take place the fire, we can understand the dangerous in this building. Chap 1 explain the fire. Chap 2 ~ Chap 6 explain the method of pressure supposition and flow supposition.Chap 7 ~ Chap 8 are the illustration of program and matters neeeding attention. Chap9 is the illustration of results. Chap 10 is the discussion of result.