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GUIMET, JACQUES. "Empirisme moral : francis hutcheson, adam smith". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010524.
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Müller, Leonardo André Paes. "La philosophie d'Adam Smith : imagination et spéculation". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H200/document.
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Dans La théorie des sentiments moraux, Adam Smith établit un schéma pluraliste, avec quatre types de jugements moraux, pour expliquer l'approbation morale : 1) par rapport au motif de l'action, le jugement en détermine la convenance ou l'inconvenance (propriety ou impropriety) ; 2) par rapport aux effets immédiats de l'action, le jugement détermine le mérite ou le démérite ; 3) analysant l'accord entre l'acte et ses règles générales de conduite, le jugement détermine si l'agent a agi conformément à son devoir ; et 4) par rapport aux effets révolus de l'acte, c'est-à-dire, à la manière selon laquelle cet acte s'insère dans le fonctionnement global de la société (ce dernier type de jugement moral est analysé sous le nom d'apparence d'utilité). Ces quatre types de jugements moraux se fondent dans l'imagination et forment la totalité du principe de l'approbation qui structure la partie spéculative de sa théorie moraleIn The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Adam Smith establishes a pluralist scheme to explain moral approbation, with four kinds of moral judgments: 1) regarding the motives of the agent, the judgment determines its propriety or impropriety; 2) regarding the immediate effects of the action, the judgement determines its merit or demerit; 3) analyzing if this act is a particular case of a general rule, the judgement determines if the agent has acted according to his duty; and 4) regarding the remote effects of the action, that is, the way this action is a part of the global operations of society (a judgement that Smith calls the appearance of utility). These four kinds of moral judgments are grounded in imagination and form the totality of the principle of approbation that structure the speculative part of his moral philosophy
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Rodrigues, Alexandre Amaral. "Ambição e prudência: os sistemas econômicos de Adam Smith". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-02022018-114751/.
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A tese procura sustentar que Adam Smith atenua seu posicionamento crítico com relação à busca por acumulação de riquezas nas sociedades comerciais entre a Teoria dos Sentimentos Morais e A Riqueza das Nações. Tal mudança se associa a um novo personagem das relações econômicas que surge na última dessas obras: o acumulador de capital. A diferença entre a busca pela fortuna e a acumulação de capital, segundo defendemos, se associa a uma diferença conceitual entre riqueza e capital, diferença essa que se deveria, conforme nossa concepção, à influência do pensamento fisiocrático, e particularmente do Quadro Econômico de Quesnay, sobre a ideia smithiana de progresso da opulência, e mesmo, talvez, sobre sua visão geral da sociedade. Sustentamos, finalmente e esse é nosso ponto principal , que Adam Smith procurou conciliar tal mudança com o que havia escrito em sua primeira obra. Essa tentativa se patenteia por aspectos sutis, porém relevantes, das modificações que o filósofo introduziu no texto da Teoria dos Sentimentos Morais em sua última revisão, de 1790.The thesis sustains that Adam Smith attenuates his critical position with regard to the search for wealth accumulation in commercial societies between the Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations. Such a change is associated with a new \"character\" of economic relations that emerges in the last of these works: the accumulator of capital. The difference between the search for fortune and the accumulation of capital, we argue, is associated with a conceptual difference between wealth and capital, which is owed, according to our conception, to the physiocrat\'s influence over the Smithian idea of \"progress of opulence,\" and perhaps even over his general view of society. Finally, we argue - and this is our main point - that Adam Smith sought to reconcile this change with what he had written in his first work. This attempt was evidenced by subtle but relevant aspects of the modifications that the philosopher introduced in the text of the Theory of Moral Sentiments in his last revision of 1790.
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Euvrard, Jean-Louis. "Philosophie et marché chez Adam Smith : morale de l'économie, économie de la morale". Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT3013.
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On a trop souvent fait de Smith le fondateur de l’économie politique, occultant ainsi qu'il considérait son œuvre morale (la théorie des sentiments moraux) comme supérieure à la richesse des nations et que l’économie relevait toujours, pour lui, de la juridiction de la philosophie morale. En réalité, il n'est devenu "économiste" que pour des raisons philosophiques. Il y a un devenir-économie de l philosophie : le marche autorégulateur est l’énigme enfin résolue, la solution enfin trouvée au problème du fondement d'un lien social durable et optimal. Toutes les thèses économiques de Smith sont solidaires d'une herméneutique philosophique du marche. Pour le démontrer, on déchiffrera les vertus du marché autorégulateur en prenant comme fil conducteur l’omniprésence du concept de nature dans la richesse des nations. La société commerçante est l'actualisation du naturel anthropologique, en demeurant conforme à la version smithhienne du droit naturel. Elle incarne l’émergence d'une légalité économique "naturelle" (au sens d'un mécanisme engendrant un résultat inintentionnel qui se révèle inconsciemment ordonne au bien public). Mais les analyses de la richesse des nations semblent contredire les résultats de la philosophie morale. D'où "le problème d’Adam Smith". L'examen de la théorie des sentiments moraux montre qu'y coexistent deux modèles : celui de la fondation morale du lien social, par pleine actualisation du dispositif de la moralité naturelle et celui du retrait. La richesse des nations n'est que le devenir "économie" du retrait, comme articulation à minima de l'ordre de la coexistence morale et de l'ordre économique. Solution réaliste, de moindre mal qui réalise les fins morales, apparemment niées, par d'autres moyens. Ce en quoi réside la dignité philosophique du marche comme héritier quasi dialectique de la moralité naturelleAdam smith has all too frequently been made the founder of politiqual economy, in a hidden kind of way since he considered his moral work (theory of moral sentiments) as more important than the wealth of nations and since the economy is, for him, always grounded in moral philosophy. In realty, he only became an "economist" for philosophical reasons. There is an evolving process of the transformation from philosophy to economics : the enigma of the self regulating market is finally resolved, the solution is finally found in wich the fundamental problem of a long term social link is optimal. All economic theses are based on a paricular philosophical hermeneutic of the market. In order to demonstrate this thesis, it is intended to uncover the virtues of the self regulationg market, taking as the guideline the ever espace present concept of nature in the wealth of nations. The "commercial society" is the historical manifestation of human nature, with de smith's version of natural law. It embodies the emergence of a system of "natural" economic laws (in the sense of a mechanism tending toward an unintentional state wich reveals itself unconciously orientated towards the public good). But the analysis of wealth of nations seem to contradict the results of the moral philosophy. Hence the "adam smith problem". An examination of the theory of moral sentiments shows that two models exist: one wich links the moral to the social, by fully developing natural morality; and the other by withdrawal. The weath of nations is only the "becoming" part of this withdrawal, a minimal articulation of the order of moral coexistence and the economic order. A realistic solution is one of the lesser evil, which brings about the apparently denied moral ends by other means. It is here that lies the philosophical dignity of the market as the semi dialectic inheritance of natural morality
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Okan, Ecem. "Entre histoire et analyse : le progrès selon David Hume et Adam Smith". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E050.
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Cette thèse porte sur la relation entre histoire et analyse dans les considérations de Hume et de Smith sur le progrès. Son objectif est double. En premier lieu, elle vise à montrer que ces deux auteurs écossais articulent une approche historique, dite conjecturale, avec une autre approche historique qui relève de leur analyse de l’émergence de la société civile. Tandis que Hume rassemble ces deux approches historiques distinctes dans sa philosophie politique, Smith fait émerger son analyse économique de sa philosophie politique, qui est une histoire conjecturale de la société civile. Selon les deux auteurs, le gouvernement naît d’une inégalité de richesse au sein de la société et son but principal est de sécuriser la propriété privée. L’analyse économique de la Richesse des Nations dérive de cette théorie du gouvernement et de la justice. En second lieu, ce travail a pour but de souligner que Smith donne un moindre rôle à l’histoire dans sa théorie économique que Hume. Les attitudes divergentes de Hume et Smith vis-à-vis du problème de la dette publique britannique en témoigne. Tandis que Hume met en avant le danger provenant de la politique belliqueuse de la Grande Bretagne en traçant un parallèle avec l’Empire romain, Smith privilégie les effets économiques de la dette, qui, malgré leur nocivité, sont compensés par l’épargne privée. Une telle comparaison explique l’émergence ultérieure de l’école classique qui privilégie une analyse économique purement théorique, dépourvue de contexte historiqueThis dissertation examines the relationship between history and analysis in Hume’s and Smith's considerations on progress. Its objective is twofold. First, it aims to show that these two Scottish thinkers bring together an historical approach, i.e. conjectural history, with another historical approach stemming from their analysis of the rise of civil society. Hume conflates these two distinct historical approaches in his political philosophy, whereas Smith separates gradually his economic analysis of from his political philosophy ― which is a conjectural history of civil society. According to both of them, the government originates from the inequality of wealth within society and its main purpose is to secure private property. The economic analysis of the Wealth of Nations derives from this theory of government and justice. Secondly, this study aims to emphasize that Smith’s economic theory is less historical than Hume. This is illustrated by the difference between Hume’s and Smith’s stance on the problem of the British public debt. While Hume points out the danger proceeding from Great Britain's aggressive international politics ― by drawing a parallel with the Roman Empire ―, Smith brings to the fore the economic effects of public debt, which, despite their harmfulness, are offset by private savings. Such a comparison explains the subsequent emergence of the classical school which deploys a purely theoretical economic analysis that lacks historical context
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Packham, Catherine Mary. "Making systems : natural philosophy and the division of knowledge in the work of Adam Smith". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621947.
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Boyer, Jean-Daniel. "Architecture du système d'Adam Smith". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR1EC07.
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Cette thèse s’interroge sur la structure de l’œuvre d’Adam Smith. Elle tente de montrer que sa cohérence peut être décelée en se laissant guider par l’idée selon laquelle l’auteur s’inspire de certains des principes méthodologiques de Newton. Nous nous interrogeons sur l’évocation explicite de la gravitation, censée expliquer le fonctionnement des sociétés. Les normes sociales graviteraient en effet autour de lois naturelles, tout comme les prix de marché graviteraient autour des prix naturels ou de la valeur des marchandises. Est en outre évoquée implicitement l’existence d’une force d’attraction régissant le devenir des sociétés humaines qui tendraient, à travers le temps vers une Cité idéale. Un tel procès serait la cause de la nécessaire affirmation d’une institution de justice particulière : l’Etat. Adam Smith mettrait finalement en valeur un libéralisme de la liberté et de la justiceThis thesis examines the structure underlying Adam Smith’s work. It attempts to show that its coherence may be discerned as we let ourselves be guided by the idea that some of the author’s methodological principles are drawn from Newton. We wonder about the author’s explicit evocation of gravitation which is assumed to explain the way societies work. For social norms indeed, appear to be revolving round natural laws, just as market prices are, round natural prices or round the value of commodities. There also lies the implicit evocation of a force of attraction governing the destiny of human societies that would in time, tend towards an ideal City. Such a process would then be at the root of the need for the implementation and establishment of a specific institution of justice: the state. And Adam Smith would eventually emphasize the liberalism of liberty and justice
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Lemasson, Laurent. "Les origines de la démocratie libérale moderne : Adam Smith et le tournant économique". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100124.
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Parler de la faiblesse du libéralisme pourrait sembler paradoxal au moment où celui-ci paraît devoir s'étendre à l'ensemble de la planète. Pourtant, cette faiblesse peut se mesurer au fait que la critique du libéralisme, particulièrement dans ses aspects économiques, est aujourd'hui devenue un lieu commun de la production intellectuelle dans les démocraties libérales. Ceci pourrait nous inciter à revenir aux sources théoriques du libéralisme, afin de tenter de discerner si ce dernier mérite réellement les critiques qui lui sont adressées, ou bien s'il possède en lui-même les ressources nécessaires pour faire face à ses propres imperfections. Pour ce faire, les écrits d'Adam Smith semblent de toute première importance. Bien qu'Adam Smith soit aujourd'hui surtout connu comme l'auteur de La Richesse des Nations, son oeuvre, dont l'influence fut immense, traite aussi bien d'économie que de droit, de morale, d'esthétique ou d'épistémologie. En confrontant ses principaux écrits avec ceux de Platon, Aristote et Rousseau, il paraît possible de discerner sur quels fondements repose la démocratie libérale moderne, et notamment de mieux comprendre l'importance prise par les questions économiques dans ce type de régime. Il apparaît ainsi que la défense du système de la liberté naturelle présentée par Smith ne peut pas être séparée de considérations morales, juridiques et politiques plus vastes, et que la liberté laissée à chacun d'améliorer sa condition matérielle est, selon lui, une composante essentielle d'un régime libre. Smith nous montre ainsi le lien existant entre ces éléments caractéristiques des régimes modernes que sont la liberté individuelle, le commerce, et une morale "humaniste"It might seem paradoxical to talk about the weakness of liberalism precisely when the march of liberal Enlightenment seems so irresistible. This weakness, however, displays itself in the fact that the criticism of liberalism, especially in its economical aspects, has become a staple of our intellectual lives, within the academia and outside it. This might lead us back to the theoretical roots of liberalism in order to find out if those criticism are justified, or if there are not overlooked ressources for self-criticism and justification in the liberal Enlightenment itself. To achieve this task, Adam Smith's writings seem particularly important. Although Adam Smith is known today almost only as the author of The Wealth of Nations, his writings, whose influence has been enormous, cover a wide range of subjects, from political economy to moral philosophy, rhetoric, aesthetics or epistemology. The comparison of his main works with those of Plato, Aristotle and Rousseau, could thus allow us to disclose the foundations of modem liberal democracy, and especially the economical foundations of this regime. It appears, then, that Smith's vindication of the system of natural liberty cannot be separated from broader political and moral issues and that the freedom given to everyone to better his material condition is, according to him, an essential element of a free regime. Smith, in this way, help us to perceive the link between some of the main componants of the modem regimes, such as individual freedom, commerce, and a "humanistic" ethic
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Hankins, Keith. "Embracing Moral Luck: Accidents, Apologies, and the Foundations of Social Cooperation". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560948.
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The norms that mediate our responses to accidents play a critical role in facilitating social cooperation. My dissertation explores these norms with an eye towards what they can tell us about the nature of moral responsibility. Drawing on Adam Smith's brief, but important discussion of moral luck, I argue that our responses to accidents reveal the extent to which the obligations we incur and the moral appraisals we make of one another are often appropriately influenced by fortune. In particular, I show how making sense of these responses requires us to embrace the idea that we can sometimes be morally responsible for things without being culpable, and I argue that doing so need not do violence to our moral intuitions.
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Hurtado, Prieto Jimena. "La philosophie économique de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith et Jeremy Bentham à la lumière de Bernard Mandeville". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100052.
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Cette thèse étudie la philosophie économique de J. -J. Rousseau, A. Smith et J. Bentham dans une confrontation avec l'oeuvre de B. Mandeville. Elle établit les points de rapprochement et de rupture entre ces trois auteurs au regard de leur réponse à la question centrale de toute philosophie économique : quelle est la nature et le statut de l'économie par rapport à la morale et à la politique ? Les réponses de Rousseau et Smith confrontent la théorie économique à un choix. Pour le premier l'économie est soumise au politique, tandis que pour le second elle est une sphère bien identifiée de l'activité humaine. Bentham croit pouvoir esquiver ce choix et relance la voie tracée par Mandeville. Selon lui, le principe de l'utilité peut rendre compte du comportement humain dans n'importe quelle sphère de l'organisation sociale, posant ainsi les bases de la philosophie économique de la théorie contemporaineThis dissertation confronts the economic philosophies of J. -J. Rousseau, A. Smith and J. Bentham to B. Mandeville's work. It establishes the points the three authors concord and those that show their disagreement as regards their answer to the central question of any economy philosophy : what is the nature and the status of economics in relation to morals and politics ? Rousseau's and Smith's answers face economic theory with a choice. According to the former economics is subsidiary to politics whereas fot the latter it corresponds to a well identified sphere of human action. Bentham ignores this choice and renews Mandeville's analytical option. Bentham considers the utility principle is capable of accounting for human behaviour in any of the constituting spheres of social organisation. Thus, he lays the foundations of contemporary economic theory
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Sund, Elizabeth M. K. A. "Literature and the Moral Imagination: Smithean Sympathy and the Construction of Experience through Readership". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/61.
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In this thesis I argue literary readership allows us to gain imagined experiences necessary to sympathize with people whose experiences are different from our own. I begin with a discussion of Adam Smith’s conception of sympathy and moral education. Although sympathy is a process we take part in naturally as members of a society, we can only be skilled spectators if we practice taking the position of the impartial spectator and critically reflect on our judgments. As I will argue in this thesis, literature provides a way for us to practice spectatorship without the consequences that come along with making mistakes when judging real people. Literature also provides a way to build up a stock of experiences, which can be applied together with our personal life histories to create the most informed judgments possible.
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Martins, Paulo Antonio Rodrigues. "A MORALIDADE NO DIREITO CONTRATUAL BRASILEIRO: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DA FILOSOFIA DE ADAM SMITH". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2645.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-20This study aims to investigate the philosophy of Adam Smith, founded in feelings, in which participation in the situation of others creates a reciprocity of sensations and emotions, which serve as input for the establishment of moral valuation. A morality constructed from synthetic judgments of fact 'a posteriori', that generate causal reasoning and factual perceptions of others. A reflective practice, ethics and pedagogy. Understanding will be that the moral and philosophical ideas of Adam Smith were not properly distributed, and a partial view of his works obnubilaram true knowledge of his genius. In addition, perquirir will be what are the moral foundations of economic and contractual obligations, based on a movement of reconciliation between ethics and economics. Therefore, context will be all these inventions with contract principles, the Brazilian Civil Code, changed with the incorporation of standard terms (social function, good faith and trust), which require the hermeneutist rigor and creativity in completing and setting their senses. Curriculum: The moral philosophy of Adam Smith is based on the usefulness and self-interest? Or that selfinterest is morally and socially conditioned? You can establish business relations and ethical, ie, it is possible to enrich acting with fairness and probity? Hypothesis: The Moral Sentiments by Adam Smith have foundations in establishing social relationships right and fair, and the individual self-interest is calibrated by the interest of preserving the species itself and the contractual arrangements Brazil is also based on these ideas. The methodology favored the literature and historical analysis, through hypothetical-deductive method of construction of conjectures and eliminate errors. Conclusion: It is possible to contract being ethical and fair, profiting individually and socially enriching, through the process proposed by the sympathetic Smithian moral.
Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a filosofia de Adam Smith, fundada nos sentimentos, no qual a participação na situação alheia gera uma reciprocidade de sensações e emoções, que servem de subsídio para o estabelecimento da valoração moral. Uma moralidade construída a partir de juízos de fato sintéticos a posteriori , que geram raciocínios causais e fáticos das percepções do próximo. Uma prática reflexiva, ética e pedagógica. Perceber-se-á que as ideias filosóficas e morais de Adam Smith não foram devidamente difundidas, sendo que uma visão parcelar de suas obras obnubilaram o verdadeiro conhecimento de seu gênio. A par disso, perquirir-se-ão quais são os fundamentos morais das obrigações contratuais e econômicas, com base num movimento de reconciliação entre ética e economia. Por conseguinte, contextualizar-se-ão todas essas invenções com a principiologia contratual do Código Civil brasileiro, transformada com a inclusão de cláusulas gerais (função social, boa-fé e confiança), que exigem do hermeneuta rigor e criatividade no preenchimento e definição de seus sentidos. Problematização: A filosofia moral de Adam Smith tem por base a utilidade e o auto-interesse? Ou esse auto-interesse é socialmente e moralmente condicionado? É possível estabelecer relações negociais sendo ético, ou seja, é possível enriquecer agindo com lealdade e probidade? Hipótese: Os sentimentos morais de Adam Smith têm alicerces no estabelecimento de relações sociais corretas e justas, sendo que o auto-interesse individual é calibrado pelo interesse da preservação da própria espécie e o regime contratual brasileiro também se fundamenta nessas ideias. A metodologia privilegiou a pesquisa bibliográfica e a análise histórica, através do método hipotético-dedutivo de construção de conjecturas e eliminação de erros. Conclusão: É possível contratar sendo ético e leal, lucrando individualmente e enriquecendo socialmente, através do processo simpatético proposto pela moral smithiana.
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Glazer, Walter Philip. "The Justificatory Role of Habit in Hegel's Theory of Ethical Life". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/64.
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Recent scholarship on Hegel has employed the Wittgensteinian concept of a "form of life" in order to explain how sociality shapes and determines the reflective practices of self-conscious individuals. However, few of these scholars have considered how the non-reflective aspects of inhabiting a form of life- especially the abilities to form habits and to have feelings- contribute to the reflective aspects. In this thesis I argue that this oversight leads to serious exegetical and philosophical problems for making sense of Hegel's theory of ethical life. Not only does Hegel regard habit and feeling as playing a necessary role in the justification of our reflective practices, but he is right to do so, since, were he not to consider these factors, he could not account for how any of our moral claims could be justified.
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Bréban, Laurie. "Éléments pour une théorie morale de la décision : Adam Smith sur le bonheur et la délibération". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010062.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'œuvre d'Adam Smith en relation avec la théorie de la décision individuelle et, plus généralement, avec des questions qui concernent l'économie normative. Elle rassemble cinq essais qui constituent soit des articles en voie de publication, soit des projets d'articles. Ils s'articulent pour faire apparaître, au sein de l'œuvre de Smith, une construction dont les enjeux relèveraient, aujourd'hui, de la théorie de la décision, et qui traverse tant ses écrits plus spécifiquement économiques que sa morale. Après avoir analysé le contenu de la conception smithienne de la sympathie (chap. 1), elle s'appuie sur l'idée d'une sensibilité asymétrique aux événements adverses et prospères (chap. 2) afin de faire apparaître le fonctionnement d'une théorie gravitationnelle du bonheur (chap. 3 et 4). Ces éléments permettent de dégage les caractéristiques d'une théorie morale de la décision capable d'expliquer le comportement économique des acteurs de la Richesse des nations (chap. 5).
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Hyard, Alexandra. "Le Whiggism de Dugald Stewart : une synthèse des visions britannique et française de la société commerçante". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0142.
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"L'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier la pensée politique de Dugald Stewart (1753-1828). Ce professeur de philosophie morale de l'université d'Edimbourg développe une vision politique de la société commerçante, qui s'inspire, à la fois, de la monarchie anglaise et de la monarchie rationnelle des "économistes" français. Sa réflexion politique s'articule à ses idées d'économie politique, qui sont elles-mêmes empreintes des systèmes d'Adam Smith et de Quesnay. Cette synthèse des conceptions politiques de la société commerçante est réexaminée par ses élèves, qui, au début du XIXè siècle, contribuent le plus à la célèbre Edimburgh Review : Sydney Smith, Francis Jeffrey, Francis Horner, Henry Brougham et James Mill. Ils donnent une issue pratique au projet politique de leur maître, puisqu'ils recommandent d'appliquer des réformes modérées, issues des principes de l'économie politique, à la constitution britannique afin que celle-ci puisse s'adapter à la société commerçante en mutation. "The object of the thesis is to study the political thought of Dugal Stewart (1753-1828). This professor of Moral Philosophy at the Edinburgh University develop a political vision of the commercial society, which is influenced by the English monarchy and the rational monarchy of the French "économistes". His political thought articulates with his ideas about political economy, which are marked by the systems of Smith and Quesnay. This synthesis of the political conceptions of the commercial society is reappraised by his pupils, who are, in the early nineteenth century, the principal contributors of the famous Edinburgh Review : Sydney SMith, Francis Jeffrey, Francis Horner, Henry Brougham and James Mill. They give a practical outcome to the Stewart's political project, because they urge to apply some moderate reforms issued from principles of political economy to the British constitution in order to adapt it to the transformations of the commercial society
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Romeo, Isabella Lombardo. "The Smith-Inspired Interpenetrating Spheres of Association Model: An Analysis of the Shortcomings of Rationality as Self-Interest for Women’s Double Binds in the Workplace". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1931.
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Under what is arguably the single most dominant approach in modern economic theory, to act rationally is to act in accordance with one’s self-interest, and it is only “rationality as self-interest” that explains behavior in the market sphere. Many economists attribute this idea to Adam Smith, often referred to as the “father of economics.” Yet, in his The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Smith expands the notion of rationality to reasonableness, or the standards one has reason to value and act on, and includes in this concept both self-interested virtues, such as prudence, and other regarding virtues, such as beneficence. Other academics, such as Elizabeth Anderson, have followed Smith’s lead in expanding the notion of rationality to include values outside of self-interest, but have failed to integrate fully Smith’s moral framework as they accept the problematic tenet of reasonableness as self interest in the market sphere. In this thesis, I propose and explore in four chapters the Smith-inspired interpenetrating spheres of association model as a framework for decision-making that is superior both to the economist’s rationality as self-interest model and to Anderson’s sphere differentiation model. Importantly, the model I propose transcends these former models by concurrently assuaging collective action problems, revealing the immorality of women’s double bind situations in the workplace, and sustaining efficient market transactions.
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Dellemotte, Jean. "Individu et coexistence sociale chez Thomas Hobbes et Adam Smith : une enquête sur le mythe fondateur de la science économique". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010053.
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L'histoire de notre discipline fait état d'une période charnière, les 17e et 18e siècles, au cours de laquelle l'économie se serait progressivement émancipée de la philosophie politique et morale en résolvant les problèmes de la coexistence pacifique et de la régulation sociale. On attribue généralement à Adam Smith un rôle capital au sein de ce mythe fondateur. Notre principal objectif est de questionner le bien fondé de ce mythe de l'émancipation sur lequel l'économie contemporaine s'appuie pour revendiquer son autonomie, ainsi que le statut de "père fondateur" attribué à Smith. Dans cette perspective, nous revenons sur les réponses concurrentes de T. Hobbes et A. Smith à la problématique de la régulation sociale. Les oeuvres de ces deux auteurs mettent en effet en évidence l'existence d'un fondement moral à la régulation; se pose alors la question de l'autonomie réelle de notre discipline, ainsi que celle, plus générale, des conditions de possibilité de la "société marchande".
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Dépinoy, Raphaël. "La représentation économique de la consommation : trois tentatives pour intégrer le lien social et moral : Adam Smith, Gabriel Tarde et Thorstein Veblen". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100022.
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La question de la bonne consommation a disparu des préoccupations de la théorie économique contemporaine. Pensée à travers l’exercice d’une rationalité instrumentale, la décision du consommateur se fonde désormais sur un rapport technique avec les biens dans lequel autrui est écarté. La consommation consiste alors en l’exaltation d’une volonté qui n’est entravée que par une contrainte de revenu. Nous proposons ici de relire trois auteurs qui se sont préoccupés de l’influence du regard d’autrui dans le choix de l’acteur tout en refusant d’assimiler celle-ci à la contrainte sociale à la manière de la sociologie classique. Peu étudiés dans cette perspective, nous montrons qu’Adam Smith, Gabriel Tarde et Thorstein Veblen ont consacré une grande partie de leur œuvre à la question de la formation des interactions sociales par la consommation et ont insisté sur son influence dans la constitution des individus. Par une lecture attentive de leur théorie sociale, nous essayons en particulier d’identifier ce qui dans le rapport à l’autre permettrait au consommateur de se protéger du risque de perte dans l’illimitation de son désirThe issue of good consumption is no longer a concern for economics. The decision of the consumer, described in terms of instrumental rationality, is based on a relationship with commodities from which other people are excluded. Consumption consists of the exaltation of a will which is only subject to a budget constraint. I analyse three authors who did examine the influence of others on an individual’s choice while refusing to resume it by a social constraint as in traditional sociology. Rarely studied from this point of view, I show that Adam Smith, Gabriel Tarde and Thorstein Veblen devoted most of their work to the question of the formation of social interactions through consumption, and insisted on its influence in the construction of an individual. By studying their social theory, I try to identify what element in the relationship would protect the consumer from the risk of loss due to his illimitated desire
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Fouquet, Etienne. "Morale et économie : une recherche de principes de limitation de la pensée économique : applications particulières aux cas de Adam Smith, John Rawls et Amartya Sen". Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5003.
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La question de savoir s'il est possible de trouver un ou des principes permettant de limiter l'influence que peuvent exercer sur la société la pensée économique, et les comportements qui lui sont associés, a souvent été évoquée par la philosophie. L'influence de cette dernière semble aujourd'hui affaiblie par le développement d'une science économique moderne d'inspiration libérale, tout particulièrement dans le monde anglophone. L'œuvre de trois penseurs qui en sont issus est analysée de manière détaillée : celles d'Adam Smith, de John Rawls, et d'Amartya Sen, économiste de renom ouvert aux questions philosophiques soulevées par les deux premiers. Sans recourir à un système de pensée préétabli à partir de considérations philosophiques, morales, ou religieuses, cet examen approfondi est stimulé par la question initiale. L'évolution de la pensée économique est étudiée en parallèle, avec un accent mis sur le monde anglo-américain où l'influence de la doctrine utilitariste a été particulièrement marquée. Ce n'est qu'au terme de ces recherches que peut se préciser l'axe principal d'une critique de la pensée économique : ses bases anthropologiques apparaissent comme des plus limitées, ce que les développements mathématiques impressionnants qui l'ont accompagnée finissent par occulterThe issue of knowing whether it is possible to find one or several principles able to limit the influence on society of economic thought, and associated behaviour, has often been raised by philosophy. To-day, the latter’s influence appears weakened by the development of modern liberal economic science, particularly in the English speaking world. The work of three of its representative thinkers, namely Adam Smith, John Rawls, and Amartya Sen, a prominent economist opened to philosophical issues raised by the first two, is scrutinized. Without any preconceived thought based on philosophical moral or religious considerations, this scrutiny is stimulated by the opening question. The progress of economic thought is reviewed in parallel, mainly in the English and American world where the influence of utilitarianism has been particularly strong. It is only when these inquiries have been completed that can be specified the main axis of a critique of economic thought: the limits of its anthropological basis tends to be occulted by its impressive mathematical developments
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Stroud, Ian Cecil. "Morality's Alpha: A Case Study Determining Whether Morality Must Be the Basis of Capitalism". Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1588161944422878.
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Beşeoğlu, Gökhan. "Le vrai sens de la main invisible : la fin d'un mythe ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1114.
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L'objet de cette recherche est de découvrir le vrai sens de la fameuse « main invisible » d'Adam Smith à travers la nature humaine en insistant surtout sur le rôle de l'imagination humaine. Afin d'éclairer le plus grand mythe de toute l'histoire de l'économie moderne, on va faire référence aux différents concepts du maître écossais comme la philosophie, la sympathie, le spectateur impartial, la surprise, l'étonnement, l'admiration ou encore les vertus. Dans cette démarche, il sera sans doute essentiel d'insister sur les caractéristiques de l'homme à savoir son amour pour des systèmes cohérents, réguliers, harmonieux et simples, pour améliorer sa condition, sa recherche pour plus de commodités, son désir d'approbation ou encore son aversion pour une désapprobation de la part d'autrui. L'objet de ses différentes références est de prouver une cohérence évidente et intelligible non seulement en ce qui concerne l'unicité de la philosophie smithienne mais aussi en ce qui concerne le vrai sens de la main invisible du père fondateur de l'économie moderneThe purpose of this research is to discover the true meaning of the famous "invisible hand" of Adam Smith through human nature with particular emphasis on the role of human imagination. To inform the biggest myth in the history of the modern economy, we will refer to different concepts of the Scottish master as the philosophy, sympathy, impartial spectator, surprise, wonder, admiration or virtues. In this approach, it may be essential to emphasize the characteristics of man namely his love for coherent, regular, harmonious and simple systems, to improve his condition, his search for convenience, his desire to approval or his aversion for disapproval from others. The purpose of its various references is to prove an evident and intelligible consistency not only regarding to the uniqueness of the Smithian philosophy but also regarding to the true meaning of the invisible hand of the founding father of the modern economics
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Shin, Hyun-Tak. "La grille de lecture de l'économie de marché et du capitalisme chez Aristote, A. Smith, K. Marx et F. Braudel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100058.
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Notre travail consiste à faire une grille de lecture de nos principaux pères fondateurs de l'économie politique, en l'occurrence, Aristote, A.Smith et K.Marx et ceci, à travers un historien français, F.Braudel, de ses outils conceptuels et de ses problématiques défendues, en particulier, son schéma de tripartition de l'économie, - la vie matérielle, l'économie de marché et le capitalisme -, dans son ouvrage «Civilisation Matérielle, Economie et Capitalisme XVe-XVIIIe siècle». Nous effectuons une sorte de relecture ou revisite braudélienne dans la source de l'économie politique et de ses trois principaux fondateurs cités ci-dessus. Nous cherchons à vérifier certaines interprétations sur les conceptions de l'«économie de marché» de nos trois auteurs de l'économie politique. L'essentiel de notre travail consiste à saisir la présence du lien entre l'économie et la morale sociale chez nos fondateurs de l'économie politiqueOur study is an reading grid of our main founders of political economy, Aristotle, and this A.Smith and K.Marx and this, through a French historian, F.Braudel, his conceptual tools and problematic issues, in particular, the tripartite of the Economy - Material life, Market economy and Capitalism – he has defended in his book "Material Civilization, Economy and Capitalism XVth-XVIIIth century." We perform a braudelian proofreading or revisits in the source of political economy and of its three main founders mentioned above. We try to verify certain interpretations of theirs concepts of "Market Economy". Our study focus on the relation between the Economics and the Social ethics in our founders of political economy
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Holm, Cyril. "F. A. Hayek's Critique of Legislation". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-236890.
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The dissertation concerns F. A. Hayek’s (1899–1992) critique of legislation. The purpose of the investigation is to clarify and assess that critique. I argue that there is in Hayek’s work a critique of legislation that is distinct from his well-known critique of social planning. Further that the main claim of this critique is what I refer to as Hayek’s legislation tenet, namely that legislation that aims to achieve specific aggregate results in complex orders of society will decrease the welfare level. The legislation tenet gains support; (i) from the welfare claim – according to which there is a positive correlation between the utilization of knowledge and the welfare level in society; (ii) from the dispersal of knowledge thesis – according to which the total knowledge of society is dispersed and not available to any one agency; and (iii) from the cultural evolution thesis – according to which evolutionary rules are more favorable to the utilization of knowledge in social cooperation than are legislative rules. More specifically, I argue that these form two lines of argument in support of the legislation tenet. One line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the dispersal of knowledge thesis. I argue that this line of argument is true. The other line of argument is based on the conjunction of the welfare claim and the cultural evolution thesis. I argue that this line of argument is false, mainly because the empirical work of political scientist Elinor Ostrom refutes it. Because the two lines of argument support the legislation tenet independently of each other, I argue that Hayek’s critique of legislation is true. In this dissertation, I further develop a legislative policy tool as based on the welfare claim and Hayek’s conception of coercion. I also consider Hayek’s idea that rules and law are instrumental in forging rational individual action and rational social orders, and turn to review this idea in light of the work of experimental economist Vernon Smith and economic historian Avner Greif. I find that Smith and Greif support this idea of Hayek’s, and I conjecture that it contributes to our understanding of Adam Smith’s notion of the invisible hand: It is rules – not an invisible hand – that prompt subjects to align individual and aggregate rationality in social interaction. Finally, I argue that Hayek’s critique is essentially utilitarian, as it is concerned with the negative welfare consequences of certain forms of legislation. And although it may appear that the dispersal of knowledge thesis will undermine the possibility of carrying out the utilitarian calculus, due to the lack of knowledge of the consequences of one’s actions – and therefore undermine the legislation tenet itself – I argue that the distinction between utilitarianism conceived as a method of deliberation and utilitarianism conceived as a criterion of correctness may be used to save Hayek’s critique from this objection.
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Richardson, Guy. "Adam Smith in Immanuel Kant’s moral philosophy". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/113100.
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In The Theory of Moral Sentiments Adam Smith develops a moral philosophy that uses a psychological idiom to describe morality as a social practice. This description of morality goes entirely against the moral metaphysics Immanuel Kant develops in works like his Groundwork and the second Critique, which describe morality as a ‘fact of reason’ and the categorical imperatives of an ahistorical moral will. Despite this stark contrast, in 1771 Kant was recorded praising Smith’s work. This thesis explains Kant’s praise by developing an original interpretation of the relationship between the two thinkers. First, the two thinkers are situated as representing two divergent streams of Western thought to illustrate the scope of their philosophical antagonism. Second, the existing interpretations of the Kant-Smith relationship are critiqued for ignoring or downplaying this antagonism. Third, an original study of Kant’s intellectual development is presented that shows how Smith’s descriptions of morality and politics may have influenced Kant’s moral and political philosophy. While developing its new interpretation of the Kant-Smith relationship this thesis raises some new exegetical questions and problems that are intended be of interest not only for Kant scholars but political philosophers in general. Drawing upon my interpretation of Kant’s transcendental project, John Rawls’ use of Kant’s theory of moral reason to justify his own theory’s claims to universality is critiqued. Similarly, in light of Smith’s possible influence upon Kant, the idea that Kant’s political cosmopolitanism is grounded on rationally justifiable rights is called into question. Finally, this thesis challenges Kant’s traditional classification as a pillar of explicitly normative and prescriptive political and moral philosophy. The thesis seeks to do this by showing how Kant ultimately naturalises morality and politics into historical practices that are describable without reference to first principles.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2018.
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Rochon, Odile. "La philosophie morale dans l'oeuvre d'Adam Smith : retour sur le Das Adam Smith Problem". Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2701/1/M11219.pdf.
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Deux cent cinquante ans après la publication de la Théorie des sentiments moraux, quelle place accorde-t-on à la philosophie morale dans l'oeuvre d'Adam Smith? Le présent mémoire porte sur cette question et, en particulier, le débat que suscite le Das Adam Smith Problem. Afin de dresser un portrait de l'état actuel du débat, nous analysons une sélection de livres et d'articles ayant été publiés sur le sujet au cours de la période 2002-2008, qui précède le 250e anniversaire de la publication de la Théorie des sentiments moraux (1759-2009). Le chapitre l propose, en guise d'entrée en matière, une section consacrée au Siècle des Lumières en Écosse. Nous présentons ensuite les événements marquants de la vie de Smith ainsi que les principaux penseurs ayant influencé son oeuvre, notamment Francis Hutcheson, David Hume et les stoïciens. Le chapitre suivant est centré sur les thèses principales énoncées dans la Théorie et La Richesse des nations. Nous entendons mettre en évidence les diverses idées formulées par Smith dans ces oeuvres, qui sont susceptibles d'éclairer sa philosophie morale. Une fois jetées ces bases, nous abordons au chapitre III le sujet précis du Problème, d'abord en faisant un survol historique au cours duquel nous retraçons les origines du débat et présentons les auteurs importants y ayant contribué aux XIXe et au XXe siècle. Pour ce faire, nous nous référons aux analyses incontournables de la question, notamment « The Consistency of Adam Smith » (Oncken, 1897) et « Adam Smith and Laissez Faire » (Viner, 1927).
Nous démontrons que le débat concernant la cohésion entre les deux oeuvres majeures de Smith est bien vivant au XXle siècle et que les avis vont généralement dans le même sens. En effet, la majorité des interprètes actuels de la pensée de Smith ne croient pas que les deux oeuvres divergent sensiblement. Cela constitue toutefois un des seuls points communs de ces auteurs. Leurs textes concernant le Problème prennent appui sur des analyses distinctes qui ont marqué le débat depuis deux cents ans. Suivant l'analyse de Leonidas Montes (2003), qui établit trois phases caractérisant le débat entourant le Problème depuis le bicentenaire de la Richesse en 1976, nous mettons en avant l'idée selon laquelle le débat comporterait une quatrième phase. Celle-ci se caractérise par le fait que les auteurs de la période 2002-2008 proposent une vision renouvelée de ces théories classiques.
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Schliesser, Eric. "Indispensible Hume : from Isaac Newton's natural philosophy to Adam Smith's "Science of man" /". 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3070205.
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McIvor, Joseph E. "Seeing the invisible hand : assessing Milton Friedman's faith in the market". Thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/499790.
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This thesis assesses the theories of Milton Friedman, arguably the most influential economist of the 20th and 21st centuries. His core argument, that an economy populated by profit maximising businesses and largely unregulated by government will be driven by market forces to maximise the over all wellbeing of society, has been highly influential, both in government regulatory and economic policy and in management theory and practice. These arguments depend in large part on Friedman's own particular conception of Adam Smith's 'Invisible Hand', whereby individuals acting only in their own self interest incidentally benefit others by way of an exchange economy,and thus maximise the overall good of society as well as the level of individuals' personal 'freedom'. The influence of Friedman's ideas has largely endured since its rise to prominence in the 1970s, despite the proliferation of what many would deem to be corporate malfeasance, the production of unsafe products, the creation of unsafe or oppressive labour practices, deleterious pollution which threatens the very support system upon which human society relies, as well as systemic instability as shown spectacularly with the recent financial crisis. Friedman's work has not been without criticism, and indeed there is in many ways a comprehensive body of literature which provides convincing arguments against elements of his theory. However, while Friedman provided a broad, comprehensive meta-theory informed by these elements, the counters to the elements of his work remain atomistic, often indirect, and in many ways isolated from one another; obscuring the whole. This thesis aims to synthesise and expose the impacts that the heedless and unregulated pursuit of profit produce and then draw a holistic picture complemented by an alternative vision of a thriving system. The thesis draws together economic theory and its practice in management and suggests a different model to follow. This thesis aims to fill a gap in the discernment and the literature, to 'see' the true nature of the 'Invisible Hand'.
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Rembold, Sandra [Verfasser]. "Das Bild des Menschen als Grundlage der Ordnung : die Beiträge von Platon, Aristoteles, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, David Hume, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Walter Eucken und Friedrich August von Hayek / vorgelegt von Sandra Rembold". 2006. http://d-nb.info/985319429/34.
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