Tesis sobre el tema "Smarth energy"
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Nydahl, Helena y Annica Marmolin. "Smarta elnät med fokus på energilager; en lösning till hållbar tryckluftsförsörjning inom industrin : Simulering och optimering av energilager för utjämning av intermittenta energikällor". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37060.
Texto completoThe world’s energy demand is expected to increase and at the same time the environmental requirements are becoming stricter. To deal with the climate change and the greenhouse gas emissions, the use of fossil fuel need to decrease, while the energy efficiency and renewable energy production must increase. A greater share of intermittent renewable energy on the electricity market entails challenges. If there is no need for electricity when the wind is blowing or when the sun is shining the electricity is lost, this leads to production and consumption of electricity must occur simultaneously. To expand the renewable energy and make it more efficient, society must develop a smart grid. There are different opinions about what it takes to create smart grids, but electrical energy storage, EES, reappears frequently in the literature. There are even scientists who believe that investment in intermittent renewable energy sources is not an option unless energy can be stored. Compressed air energy storage is a technique that uses compressed air to store energy until there is a demand. The Swedish industry accounts for over a third of total energy consumption in the country. Over 90 % of the all manufacturing industry uses compressed air. There are big and small users of compressed air depending on the industry. In this study, an international status description is given in the development of smart grids with a focus on electrical energy storage systems. The aim of this study is to be an information carrier that creates discussion and new ideas. The international status description is based on field visits, literature surveys and interviews. The results from the international status description shows that interest in electric energy storage systems is increasing since it is a central part in the development of smart grids. Between 2011 and 2013 the investments increased in electrical energy storage with 521 %. One reason for this increase is the international trend of micro grids and small decentralized power plants. With the increased demand for energy storage, new energy storage systems are created and existing systems evolve. The purpose of the study is also to examine if energy storage is a solution for a sustainable supply of compressed air in the industry. The goal is to design a compressed air system consisting of wind turbines and energy storage with a certain volume and maximum pressure, for a large and a small compressed air consumer. The study will also determine the cost saving for the big users is an optimized through arbitrage. The design is based on simulations in Simulink and the optimization is done in MATLAB. The selected compressed air system for the large consumer is based on one wind turbine, energy storage of 200 m3 with a maximum pressure of 10 bar. The coverage ratio, i.e. the proportion of the air need that is covered by wind energy with energy storage, is 26 %. An investment in this system would give reduced energy consumption by 48 % leading to a cost reduction of about 1.2 million SEK and a reduced environmental impact equivalent to 532 tons of CO2-equivalents. The generator then has an efficiency of 85 %, and the compressor has 90 %. The selected compressed air system for the smaller consumer achieves a coverage rate of 61 % with the following dimensions; one windmill, energy storage of 20 m3 and maximum pressure of 30 bar. An investment in this system would give a reduced energy consumption by 93 %, leading to a cost reduction of about 26 000 SEK and a reduced environmental impact equivalent to 10.7 ton of CO2 equivalents. The difference between a windmill and a wind turbine is that the windmill does not produce electricity instead it uses kinetic energy directly. A system consisting of energy storage driven by energy from the wind is more suited for smaller air requirements where it is possible to achieve greater coverage. The transition to smart grids is necessary to be able to meet all aspects of sustainable development. There is no part of smart grids that is more important. Sustainable use of compressed air in industry is a part of smart grids and to make it possible energy storage is crucial. The international status description shows that there is a growing international interest in EES but there isn’t one EES alone that will solve the integration of renewable energy. The techniques for energy storage are existing today and are growing tomorrow.
OSMAN, NADA y IBRAHIM ELNOUR. "Smart Energy Solutions as TechnologicalConfigurations : Implications on theOrganizational Strategy". Thesis, KTH, Hållbarhet och industriell dynamik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199082.
Texto completoThe long-stable eletric utility industry is undergoing major transformations. Regulatory frameworks, enviromental concerns, advancements in the renewable genration and ICT have caused severe pressure on the business model of conventional electric utilites. For these utilities; profit margins have declined considerably, large generation assests are being phased-out,and there is a pressing need to generate investments to meet the regulatory requirements. In search for new business opportunities, electric utilties are exploring new business areas, Smart Energy Solutions represent an emerging market, with untapped potentials. This research was commissioned by the Swedish electric utility Vattenfall AB, to identify market opportunities for Vattenfall Smart Energy Solutions, targetting the small and medium size enterprises SMEs. The purpose of this research has been to investigate the required alignment between the organization, Smart Energy Solutions and the SMEs market; the findings were used to propose a strategy for the development of Smart Energy Solutions targeting the SMEs. Upon analyzing the characteristics of Smart Energy Solutions and the characteristics of SMEs, the finding of this research are: first, Smart Energy Solutions is identified as "Technological Configuration", second: the SMEs are heterogeneous in nature; thereby they can’t be targeted through uniform solutions, third: based on the previous two findings; and considering the organizational context; a strategy was proposed for the successful innovation of Smart Energy Solutions targeting the SMEs.
Li, Jianing. "Shared smart energy storage system for smart homes and smart buildings". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6728/.
Texto completoVilla-Arrieta, Manuel. "Energy sustainability of smart cities". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671008.
Texto completoEl aumento del consumo energético de las ciudades previsto para los próximos años hace que estas urbes tiendan a ser representativas de la sostenibilidad energética de sus países. En este sentido, en base al análisis del modelo de gestión y desarrollo tecnológico para áreas urbanas "Smart City", el objetivo de esta Tesis es estudiar la escalabilidad desde edificios hasta el nivel de país, de la reducción del consumo energético y el aumento del autoconsumo fotovoltaico. La contribución de esta Tesis se basa en su relevancia en el proceso de transición energética hacia una economía descarbonizada. Específicamente, en el estudio de la flexibilización del funcionamiento del sistema eléctrico a través del empoderamiento del consumidor. Así, dividida en seis capítulos, esta Tesis aborda un amplio trabajo de investigación centrado en identificar la relación entre la sostenibilidad energética y las "Smart Cities", en base al estudio de la gestión activa de la demanda y la evaluación del desempeño técnico-económico de edificios y ciudades de consumo energético casi nulo. El Capítulo 1 sirve de prefacio a la investigación de la Tesis describiendo la relación entre el estudio del cambio climático, la sostenibilidad energética y la transición energética bajo el concepto "Smart City". En el capítulo 2, "Contribution of Cities to Transition and Energy Sustainability", se presenta el análisis de la relación entre ambos conceptos . La principal contribución de este capitulo es la presentación de la hipótesis de la representatividad de la sostenibilidad energética de las ciudades en la sostenibilidad energética de sus países. En el capítulo 3, "Electricity strategic conservation through Smart Meters and Demand Side Response: A review", se estudia la contribución del consumidor a la flexibilización de la operación del sistema eléctrico. Basado en una revisión sistemática de referencias, este capítulo analiza los resultados de los trabajos empíricos sobre la reducción del consumo eléctrico en los hogares a través de la retroalimentación de la información energética. El Capítulo 4, "A model for an economic evaluation of energysystems using TRNSYS", contribuye con la descripción y validación de la metodología de cálculo económico de un modelo propuesto para evaluar "Nearly Zero Energy Buildings" y sistemas de generación distribuida. Continuando con esta contribución, en el capítulo 5 "Economic evaluation of Nearly Zero Energy Cities", el modelo de evaluación económica es aplicado a un modelo de simulación del desempeño energético del autoconsumo energético de ciudades. Desempeño el cual, se basa en la distribución de energía entre consumidores, prosumidores y productores de energía, y el aumento del consumo de recursos energéticos renovables locales en detrimento del consumo de fuentes externas. Cada uno de estos dos capítulos 4 y 5, fue publicado en la revista científica Applied Energy (Q1). Finalmente, el capítulo 6 presenta las conclusiones de la investigación, destacando entre ellas que para mantener en equilibrio la seguridad del suministro eléctrico, la equidad en el acceso a la energía y la sostenibilidad ambiental del binomio entre ciudad y país, la evaluación de la sostenibilidad energética debe abordarse desde la efectividad de los sistemas eléctricos de las Smart Cities. La investigación cubierta en esta Tesis abre a la posibilidad de abordar los siguientes tres trabajos de investigación en el futuro. 1) Diseñar una metodología para evaluar la sostenibilidad energética de las ciudades que vincule la evaluación de la efectividad de "Smart Energy Systems" con la evaluación de objetivos climáticos locales y nacionales .2) Ampliar la aplicación del modelo "Nearly Zero Energy Cities" para convertir sus resultados en un indicador de la flexibilidad de los sistemas eléctricos urbanos. Y 3) evaluar con este modelo otras ciudades del mundo,
Lara, Topol. "Smart energy city critical infrastructures". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-27245.
Texto completoMacIsaac, Liam J. "Modelling smart domestic energy systems". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4214/.
Texto completoKinner, Robert Howard. "Green Energy Through Smart Ceramics". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321498366.
Texto completoDemadema, Kwanele. "Smart Home Energy Management System". Thesis, Demadema, Kwanele (2018) Smart Home Energy Management System. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/44789/.
Texto completoGünther, Niklas y Christoph Mengs. "Smart Metering: Einsparpotentiale für Kommunen?" Universität Leipzig, 2018. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34234.
Texto completoFalcey, Jonathan M. "Electricity Markets, Smart Grids and Smart Buildings". Thesis, University of Denver, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536975.
Texto completoA smart grid is an electricity network that accommodates two-way power flows, and utilizes two-way communications and increased measurement, in order to provide more information to customers and aid in the development of a more efficient electricity market. The current electrical network is outdated and has many shortcomings relating to power flows, inefficient electricity markets, generation/supply balance, a lack of information for the consumer and insufficient consumer interaction with electricity markets. Many of these challenges can be addressed with a smart grid, but there remain significant barriers to the implementation of a smart grid.
This paper proposes a novel method for the development of a smart grid utilizing a bottom up approach (starting with smart buildings/campuses) with the goal of providing the framework and infrastructure necessary for a smart grid instead of the more traditional approach (installing many smart meters and hoping a smart grid emerges). This novel approach involves combining deterministic and statistical methods in order to accurately estimate building electricity use down to the device level. It provides model users with a cheaper alternative to energy audits and extensive sensor networks (the current methods of quantifying electrical use at this level) which increases their ability to modify energy consumption and respond to price signals
The results of this method are promising, but they are still preliminary. As a result, there is still room for improvement. On days when there were no missing or inaccurate data, this approach has R2 of about 0.84, sometimes as high as 0.94 when compared to measured results. However, there were many days where missing data brought overall accuracy down significantly. In addition, the development and implementation of the calibration process is still underway and some functional additions must be made in order to maximize accuracy. The calibration process must be completed before a reliable accuracy can be determined.
While this work shows that a combination of a deterministic and statistical methods can accurately forecast building energy usage, the ability to produce accurate results is heavily dependent upon software availability, accurate data and the proper calibration of the model. Creating the software required for a smart building model is time consuming and expensive. Bad or missing data have significant negative impacts on the accuracy of the results and can be caused by a hodgepodge of equipment and communication protocols. Proper calibration of the model is essential to ensure that the device level estimations are sufficiently accurate. Any building model which is to be successful at creating a smart building must be able to overcome these challenges.
Zhang, Jiawei. "Design of A Smart Socket for Smart Home Energy Management Systems". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22099.
Texto completoMa, Zhibo. "Smart transmission with large renewable energy". Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.723310.
Texto completoAlquthami, Thamer. "A smart house energy management system". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53900.
Texto completoRamaswamy, Vivek. "Oskarshamn - A Smart Energy Island Assessment". Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182669.
Texto completoSikasote, Nataizya. "Energy management for the smart home". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27234.
Texto completoRosati, Andrea. "Smart coatings for energy saving buildings". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/355462.
Texto completoSelmke, Pierre. "Auswirkungen einer Einführung von Smart Metering auf die Unternehmensführung mittelgroßer Energieversorgungsunternehmen". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262388.
Texto completoMandelman, Marcio. "Análise crítica da matriz energética brasileira e a implementação de "Smart Grid"". Universidade de Taubaté, 2011. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=255.
Texto completoAutomation is already used as a tool to achieve energy efficiency. This paper presents and quantifies the potential of this tool in order to reduce power surges, reducing the need rapidly build new electricity generating plants, transmission and regulating distribution of this energy, using renewable and sustainable resources, all through a system that is already deployed in several countries worldwide and has all the conditions to be implemented in Brazil. This system is the intelligent network of energy or "smart grid". It also analyzes the Brazilian energy matrix, has deficiencies occurred as a regional and national blackouts, there is need of electricity for the growth of the country, proposes solutions to national energy system, using technological innovations such as the deployment of the "smart grid" energy source, always aiming for better energy efficiency and quality, raising the behavior of users seeking the implementation of these technological innovations. From ideas that break current paradigms of seeking power through great works this paper proposes changes in the habits and procedures of the population, own businesses and public agencies are looking to decrease energy use especially in times like now considered "peaks", ie, those that demand the greatest generation, transmission and distribution of energy used. It also shows the need for electricity to Brazils economic development, adding all the technological innovations to the current processes in order to minimize the possibility of the occurrence of blackouts, caused by technical inefficiency of the energy or energy shortages.
Bulut, Mehmet Börühan. "Building as active elements of energy systems". Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-33317.
Texto completoGogia, Ashish. "Towards a Zero - Energy Smart Building with Advanced Energy Storage Technologies". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1470427921.
Texto completoÖstling, Erik y Filip Josefsson. "Nyttomaximering av en solcellsanläggning : En jämförelse mellan ett konventionellt- och ett smart solcellssystem". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228970.
Texto completoThis bachelor thesis is evaluating and comparing an existing photovoltaic system including an energy storage and a smart bidirectional converter in Farsta, Stockholm. This smart system will be compared with a conventional PV plant. The aim of the report is to identify the amount of self-consumed solar energy, give optimizing suggestions and shed light on possible cost savings. The smart converter has given the possibility to collect data from a web-based portal. The portal logs and stores the energy and power data of the system. The study proves that this smart system does not contribute with an increased amount of self-consumed solar energy, since the battery settings implies a fully charged battery during the day. The most advantageous benefit in the smart system is to cut power peaks, which gives opportunities to use smaller main fuses in the real estate. The magnitude of the power peaks that can be reduced is depending on the settings of the battery. Two different scenarios have been examined in the study. The most essential is that the battery is always able to cut the highest power peaks without being fully discharged. The maximum utility occurs when the battery is activated when the consumption is higher than 24 kW. Fuse analysis proves that the lowest possible main fuses that could be used in the real estate is 35 A. Though, this study recommends main fuses of 50 A since a safety margin is desired. This gives opportunities to sign a more beneficial electricity contract. Conclusively, the fuse rating contract that can be used is 33 547 SEK cheaper per year than the power rating contract that is used in the real estate today.
Fróes, Lima Carlos Alberto 1963. "Revolução tecnológica na indústria de energia elétrica com smart grid, suas consequências e possibilidades para o mercado consumidor residencial brasileiro". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264667.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T01:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FroesLima_CarlosAlberto_D.pdf: 5418325 bytes, checksum: b0c14191595c15d33ea2a9082c7c0429 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Este trabalho parte da premissa que as tecnologias para smart grid se apresentam como oportunidade para criar um novo negócio de energia. Todos os stake-holders devem ser envolvidos, e organizados para construir ou modernizar a rede de energia em seus aspectos de qualidade, disponibilidade, infraestrutura, padronização, interoperabilidade, confiabilidade e sustentabilidade. Deve-se também buscar a consciência de uso/demanda, de renda e de entendimento dos clientes de forma adequada. Pondera-se que as estratégias governamentais, no âmbito da legislação e da regulamentação, devem ser objetivas para garantir o novo negócio e proteger o interesse público. Os consumidores (como clientes) devem ser ouvidos, tornando-se partícipes ativos no mercado de energia. Com o desenvolvimento de um relacionamento dinâmico a indústria de energia necessitará de novas condições e requisitos operacionais que devem ser criados para garantir a transformação dentro e fora do ambiente de negócios regional. Foram estudadas novas tecnologias, novas possibilidades de serviços e preços. Incentivos, bem como a evolução das normas regulatórias apareceram como fundamentais para manter e expandir o fornecimento da energia e gerenciar a demanda, com implicações na melhora do relacionamento e nos investimentos/receitas para o capital investido, que necessitam resultar na ampliação da percepção de valor da energia pelos clientes. Uma avaliação para o caso brasileiro é feita considerando-se a experiência internacional até a data e através de exemplo de aplicação em consumidores residenciais como um estudo de caso. Demonstra-se o impacto para e do consumidor doméstico nos processos de uso da energia, bem como a evolução necessária de sistemas, estratégias para que se alcance o desejado momento histórico do desenvolvimento, da reorganização do mercado de energia e da legislação/regulamentação. Em suma, a evolução do negócio de energia no Brasil é um fato que, para sua eficácia, deve ser estrategicamente planejado nos diversos âmbitos de aplicação de tecnologias e modelagem do negócio, receber incentivos e ser regulado. Questões relacionadas aos investimentos a serem realizados e o retorno destes investimentos devem ser respondidas caso a caso, segundo a realidade regional das concessões, segundo as previsões de compartilhamento de custos com os consumidores e também totalmente relacionadas com a regulamentação adotada. A possiblidade da oferta de serviços e produtos para atendimento e ampliação do espaço de atuação das concessionárias brasileiras é uma transformação necessária para seu reconhecimento como provedoras de soluções energéticas.
Abstract: The smart grid technologies present themselves as opportunities to create new energy business. All stake holders must be involved, organizing, building and upgrading the power grid in its aspects of quality, availability, infrastructure, standards, reliability, interconnectivity, and sustainability. It is necessary the awareness target of supply-demand, incomes and strongly understand their clients. The Governmental strategies must be clear, with regulatory and legislative initiatives to foster new business and protect the public interest. Consumers (as clients) must be heard, as they become active players in the energy market. As they develop a dynamic relationship with the operating power industry new conditions and requirements need to be created in order to lead the strategic transformation inside and outside regional businesses. Deals on new energy sources, new technologies, new possibilities of differentials service and prices were studied. Incentives as well as the evolution of regulation rules seem a fundamental role to maintain and to expand the power supply and demand-side management, with implications for a better relationship between client-consumers, dealers and incomes/revenues on invested capital. It is also important to relate and to rethink the affordability of the tariffs and energy delivery costs to clients. An evaluation to the Brazilian market was done, considering the up to date international experiences and running an application, specially built to demonstrate the domestic consumption, as a case study. This implemented case is presented in order to demonstrate the domestic consumer impact to the energy use as well as the required evolution of systems and strategies to move on to this historical moment of development and reorganization of the energy market as well as the legislation/regulation. To sum up, evolving energy business in Brazil does not appear in this analysis merely as a possibility but as fact to be accomplished. It should be strategically planned considering the scope of a number of different technology applications, business models and be promoted by the policies agencies. Questions related to investments and their profits should be answered according to the regional energy business, as well as the consumer's participation and obviously new legislation and market regulation. Services and products to be offered by the Brazilian energy dealers should evolve correspondingly in order to improve business and recognition as energy solution providers
Doutorado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
Afzalan, Milad. "Building Energy Profile Clustering Based on Energy Consumption Patterns". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99317.
Texto completoM.S.
With the unprecedented amount of data collected by smart meters, we have opportunities to systematically analyze the energy consumption patterns of households. Specifically, through using data analytics methods, one could cluster a large number of energy patterns (collected on a daily basis) into a number of representative groups, which could reveal actionable patterns for electric utilities for energy planning. However, commonly used clustering approaches may not properly show the variation of energy patterns or energy volume of customers at a neighborhood scale. Therefore, in this thesis, we introduced a clustering approach to improve the cluster representation by preserving the temporal shapes and energy volume of daily profiles (i.e., the energy data of a household collected during 1 day). In the first part of the study, we evaluated several well-known clustering techniques and validation indices in the literature and showed that they do not necessarily work well for this domain-specific problem. As a result, in the second part, we introduced a two-stage clustering technique to extract the typical energy consumption patterns of households. Different visualization and quantified metrics are shown for the comparison and applicability of the methods. A case-study on several datasets comprising more than 250 households was considered for evaluation. The findings show that datasets with more than thousands of observations can be clustered into 10-50 groups through the introduced two-stage approach, while reasonably maintaining the energy patterns and energy volume of individual profiles.
Wu, Yiming. "ICT System Architecture for Smart Energy Container". Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-51382.
Texto completoSmart Energy Container
Häggström, Fredrik. "Energy Harvesting for Smart-Internet-Connected Bearings". Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, EISLAB, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18404.
Texto completoGodkänd; 2015; 20150211 (hagfre)
Usman, Muhammad. "Use of Telecom Energy for Smart Grid". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elkraftteknikk, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23623.
Texto completoZhang, Guangcheng. "Smart energy harvesting utilizing flow-induced techniques". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55206/.
Texto completoKelly, Daniel. "Disaggregation of domestic smart meter energy data". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/49452.
Texto completoErasmus, Zenville. "Smart renewable energy : architectures, dimensioning and monitoring". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5525.
Texto completoThe Smart Renewable Energy project at the University of The Western Cape, under the guidance of the Intelligent Systems and Advanced Telecommunication (ISAT) group, aims at developing a dynamic system that enables users to (1) design smart architectures for next generation wind and solar systems to meet African power challenges (2) use these architectures to dimension the underlying solar and wind power systems and (3) simulate, implement and evaluate the performance of such power systems. The project's existing web and mobile monitoring system will undergo a much needed upgrade to cater for monitoring of the existing system's environmental and battery bank parameters. This will be implemented by allowing users to monitor input, storage and output trends over various time frames. These time frames would include hourly, daily, weekly and monthly readings. The visual evaluation of the system will be generated by mathematical, statistical and machine learning techniques. Trends will be discovered that will allow users to optimize the system's efficiency and their usage patterns. The accompanied dimensioning system will allow users to cater for their needs in a two way fashion. Users will be able to specify the number of devices that they want to run from a solar or wind based system and their power needs will be generated. They will also be able to determine what a given system is capable of producing and the number of devices that can be used simultaneously, as a result.
National Research Foundation (NRF) and Namibia Students Financial Assistance Fund (NSFAF)
Carradore, Loredana. "Modeling and Management of Smart Energy Networks". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427462.
Texto completoCon "smart grids'' si può identificare quello che rappresenteranno le reti elettriche del futuro, ovvero un sistema integrato ed intelligente, dove ogni dispositivo disponibile a modificare la propria generazione e il proprio assorbimento, è reattivo, attento ai segnali di prezzo, consapevole del proprio ruolo, sensibile agli aspetti ambientali, flessibile e interconnesso con gli altri. In questo scenario, tecnologie intelligenti, come i sistemi ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) e gli smart meter, permetteranno le interconnesioni e le interazioni tra questi dispositivi disponibili a partecipare nei servizi ancillari; mentre un sistema di gestione intelligente dovrebbe essere in grado di assicurare qualità, affidabilità, efficienza, efficacia nel servizio di fornitura e la libera partecipazione nei servizi per il supporto della rete di questi nuovi clienti. Sebbene lo scenario identificato dal termine "smart grids'' sembri essere chiaramente definito, risulta ancora necessario lo studio relativo al sistema di gestione fondamentale per coordinare in maniera efficiente le risorse distribuite nelle reti di distribuzione e le potenzialità introdotte da nuovi possibili participanti nella regolazione della rete, come per esempio i sistemi di accumulo e i veicoli elettrici. A questo proposito, i mercati energetici sembrano ideali per aiutare l'operatore di sistema a coinvolgere tutte le risorse energetiche nella regolazione della rete, permettendo anche lo sfruttamento della singergia tra differenti vettori energetici, allo scopo di incrementare l'efficienza e l'affidabilità generale di tutto il sistema. Infatti, i mercati energetici possono creare appropriati segnali di prezzo in grado di rendere sensibili alle esigenze della rete quei dispositivi disponibili a modificare la loro generazione e il loro assorbimento. È per questo motivo che sembra opportuno identificare questi dispositivi come clienti. Il principale filo conduttore di questa tesi è stato la ricerca di procedure intelligenti di gestione per la coordinazione di differenti risorse nelle future reti energetiche intelligenti. In particolare, è stata sfruttata l'idea chiave dell'importanza dei segnali di prezzo per ottenere un comportamento virtuoso dei clienti, concentrandosi su metodi di coordinamento in grado di assicurare con meccanismi semplici la gestione di un complesso sistema come quello della rete elettrica. Nel primo capitolo di questa tesi è presente una breve introduzione alle smart grids, ai mercati energetici e ai sistemi di accumulo, al solo scopo di presentare background e motivazioni di questo lavoro. Il capitolo 2 raccoglie le basi teoriche della modellizzazione dell'ambiente software sviluppato durante il dottorato e usato per studiare la gestione in reti energetiche intelligenti. Il capitolo 3 presenta le prime indagini sulla gestione di un energy hub, un centro di generazione, conversione e assorbimento, basata su segnali di prezzo adeguati a permettere una gestione ottima di flussi tra differenti vettori energetici, in modo da sfruttare la loro sinergia. Il capitolo 4 riporta quanto studiato per la gestione di un sistema multi-vettore energetico attraverso coefficienti di prezzo. In particolare, è stata analizzata la possibilità di utilizzare termini di prezzo proporzionali ad un segnale di riferimento che rappresenti la richiesta della rete in una gestione disaccoppiata di rete ed energy hub con sistemi di accumulo. Questa precudura di ottimizzazione disaccoppiata è stata applicata nel capitolo 5 a degli agglomerati di veicoli elettrici, intesi come sistemi di accumulo flessibili e distribuiti. Nel capitolo 6, infine, viene presentata un'innovativa procedura di gestione, basata sulla filosofia del token ring, mirata a coordinare risorse distribuite assicurando la loro libera partecipazione nei servizi per il supporto della rete. La tesi si chiude con il capitolo 7, che riassume e discute i più importanti traguardi raggiunti e suggerendo possibili lavori futuri.
Gustafsson, Amelie y Hannes Wiklund. "Batterier i kraftsystemet : En studie i batteriers potential som energilagring för stöd av intermittenta energikällor i det nationella kraftsystemet". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-255867.
Texto completoThe development of the modern society and the global continuously accelerating energy intensive way of living is putting stress on the climate. In order to achieve the UNs set of sustainability goals, including reduced emissions and more efficient use of energy, vigorous actions in the global energy system is required. To increase the share of clean and modern energy generation a larger quantity of solar and wind power is required. Due to weather dependency these resources generate intermittent electricity which will put new challenges on the grid. To facilitate the implementation of intermittent energy sources on the national grid and in smaller energy systems this report aims to investigate current prerequisites on integrating battery energy storage systems and intermittent resources to increase the share of clean energy sources in the power system. Current prerequisites are presented as the result of an extensive literature study where the electrical grid, promising battery technologies, financial incentives for battery energy storage and future potential is examined. A global commitment to increase the share of renewable energy sources using battery energy storage system in the global energy system is identified. Furthermore, battery energy storage systems are shown to have great potential in limiting the negative impact of intermittent energy sources on the electrical grid. This potential is currently being limited by existing political control means and the design of the electricity market such that small producers are benefitted by directly supplying the grid with excess electricity instead of using energy storage. With a growing share of intermittent power generation these limitations are expected to ease and battery energy storage systems in connection with power production becoming more profitable.
Busuladzic, Ishak y Marcus Tjäder. "Performance Indicators for Smart Grids : An analysis of indicators that measure and evaluate smart grids". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-48902.
Texto completoVan, Tassel Katherine. "Energy consumption and smart growth in Massachusetts : does smart growth make a difference?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40100.
Texto completoThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-63).
With the environmental crisis involving climate change fast approaching, all potential mitigation techniques must be explored and implemented. A key approach comes from the power towns and cities have to influence land use and building standards in their jurisdiction. This thesis uses a scenario planning approach to explore the energy implications of four potential futures for the town of Littleton, MA. Four scenario storylines (Business as Usual (BAU), Baby Steps (high residential density, no mixing), Mixed Use Village (higher residential density, mixed uses), and Thoroughly Green (similar to Mixed Use Village with added green building requirements)) were used to frame the potential outcomes. Typical development typologies from nearby Massachusetts towns served as proxies for the scenarios. Using an elasticity method based on the density, diversity and design of the typologies, the reduction in Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) for each alternative scenario as compared to the BAU scenario was calculated and used to determine the reduction in gasoline usage and CO2 emissions. Local and regional average electricity and heating values were used to calculate the home energy consumption for each scenario.
(cont.) The Baby Steps and Mixed Use Village/Thoroughly Green scenarios reduced VMT by 14% and 32%, respectively. The Baby Steps scenario used 45% less electricity, the Mixed Use Village used 55% less, and the Thoroughly Green scenarios used 65% less than the BAU scenario. The annual cost savings per capita from the above energy savings run from $321 to $737 for transportation and CO2 reduction, and $242 to $408 for housing energy consumption. The total savings per capita run from $563-$1,145. The total savings for the hypothetical development are $1.2 million to $2.4 million. Policy makers should take the results of this scenario analysis to support the inclusion of energy implications in land use planning. Recommended measures include requiring an energy section in master plans, providing state-wide technical support for these plans, supporting processes to incorporate energy considerations in public planning processes, and funding for further research into the quantification of the energy land use connection and what steps towns can take to address it.
by Katherine Van Tassel.
M.C.P.
CARFAGNA, GIUSEPPE. "Integrated energy interchange platform between green system of smart housing and smart mobility". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/408083.
Texto completoFischer, David. "Integrating Heat Pumps into Smart Grids". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-214444.
Texto completoTarragona, Roig Joan. "Smart control techniques for thermal energy storage systems". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671420.
Texto completoAumentar el uso de energía procedente de fuentes renovables es importante en la lucha contra el cambio climático. No obstante, su implantación plantea retos importantes debidos a la falta de continuidad en su generación y al desajuste que existe con los perfiles de consumo. La presente tesis doctoral se enmarca en dos propuestas para incrementar el rendimiento de los paneles fotovoltaicos en el ámbito de los sistemas de calefacción para edificios. Por un lado, el sistema integra un tanque de almacenaje de energía térmica, que permite almacenar la energía generada por los paneles durante el día, a fin de poderla consumir a las horas con más demanda. Por otro lado, el sistema también cuenta con una estrategia de control predictivo, que permite pronosticar las condiciones meteorológicas y las demandas de calefacción futuras, para ajustar el funcionamiento de todo el conjunto de elementos, considerando esta información. El sistema propuesto demostró ser efectivo en distintos tipos de climas y viviendas.
To increase the use of energy that comes from renewables is important to fight against climate change. However, their deployment leads to significant challenges due to the intermittence in their generation and the mismatch between energy demand and supply. In that sense, this PhD thesis is framed in two proposals to increase the performance of photovoltaic panels in heating systems integrated in the building sector. On the one hand, the system considers a thermal energy storage tank, which allows to store the energy produced by the panels during the solar hours, in order to consume it along the peak demand periods. On the other hand, the system also takes into account a model predictive control strategy, which enables to forecast weather conditions and future heating demands, to adjust the operation of all the elements. The proposed system demonstrated a good and effective behaviour in different climate conditions and buildings.
Tang, Yaojing. "Deployment of Smart Energy to Undeveloped Electrical Networks". Thesis, KTH, Industriella informations- och styrsystem, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-81411.
Texto completoHÄGGQVIST, JACOB y ERIK WEDIN. "Smart Curtain : An Innovative System for Energy Conservation". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191199.
Texto completoMålet med denna kandidattes var att konstruera ett kontrollsystem åt en rullgardin för att reglera dess position mellan upp- och nedfällt läge, beroende på inne- och utetemperatur samt inkommande solstrålning för att spara energi. En gardin som hänger framför ett fönster ger upphov till en luftficka, som tillsammans med gardinen bidrar till att isolera fönstret och minskar värmeförluster, samtidigt som det drastiskt minskar solinstrålning in i rummet. En väldigt stor del av en byggnads totala värmeförluster sker via dess fönster. För att minska detta utflöde och maximera inflöde av solenergi, beslöts det att bygga ett system som reglerar en gardins läge. En prototyp i reducerad skala konstruerades, beståendes av en cellplastlåda med ett fönster med gardin på ena sidan. Den användes för att mäta energibesparingar och för att jämföra teoretiska koefficienter med koefficienter framtagna ur egna experiment, och extrapolera resultaten till en större skala. Värmeöverföringshastighet både med och utan gardin testades experimentellt. Dessa data användes sedan för att implementera ett datorprogram speciellt framtaget för projektet. Det tog emot indata som krävdes för beräkningar, och gav utdata i form av vilket gardinläge som skulle vara mest fördelaktigt vid varje givet tillfälle. Indata hämtades delvis från två temperatursensorer och en ljussensor. Utsignalen användes sedan för att styra en aktuator i form av en stegmotor för att ändra gardinpositionen. Slutligen infördes trådlös styrning och övervakning av systemet via en internet dashboard som samverkar med en MQTT-mäklare, för att tillåta kontroll av data och manuell styrning av gardinen. Slutsatsen nåddes att ett system av denna typ kunde leverera energibesparingar med en magnitud på tiondelars kilowattimmar per dag under vintern i centrala Sverige.
Kari, Raywon Teja. "Smart Placement of Virtual Machines : Optimizing Energy Consumption". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13584.
Texto completoYuan, S. "Magnetic field energy harvesting for Smart Grid application". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003026/.
Texto completoAldaouab, Ibrahim. "Optimization and Control of Smart Renewable Energy Systems". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1567770026080553.
Texto completoWang, X., S. Dong, Ashraf F. Ashour y B. Han. "Energy-harvesting concrete for smart and sustainable infrastructures". A Springer Nature Publication, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18553.
Texto completoConcrete with smart and functional properties (e.g., self-sensing, self-healing, and energy-harvesting) represents a transformative direction in the field of construction materials. Energy-harvesting concrete has the capability to store or convert the ambient energy (e.g., light, thermal, and mechanical energy) for feasible uses, alleviating global energy and pollution problems as well as reducing carbon footprint. The employment of energy-harvesting concrete can endow infrastructures (e.g., buildings, railways, and highways) with energy self-sufficiency, effectively promoting sustainable infrastructure development. This paper provides a systematic overview on the principles, fabrication, properties, and applications of energy-harvesting concrete (including light-emitting, thermal-storing, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric concretes). The paper concludes with an outline of some future challenges and opportunities in the application of energy-harvesting concrete in sustainable infrastructures.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 19 Jul 2022.
Xia, Chunqiu. "Energy Demand Response Management in Smart Home Environments". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20182.
Texto completoWang, Yuchang. "Decision-making techniques for smart grid energy management". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28970.
Texto completoPiippo, Kaj. "Assessment of Energy Recovery Technology in China : Mechanical ventilation system with energy recovery". Thesis, Eskilstuna : Mälardalen University. School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:127022/FULLTEXT01.
Texto completoKhan, Adnan Afsar. "Web Services for Energy Management in a Smart Grid Environment". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32097.
Texto completoHUANG, Kefan. "Data Mining For Residential Buildings Using Smart WiFi Thermostats". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1619797961458334.
Texto completoVaniš, Zdeněk. "Electricity Smart Metering in the Czech Republic: Status and Future Challenges". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73427.
Texto completoLenhammar, Linnéa y Olivia Bengtsson. "Smarta styrsystem kontra statisk belysning". Thesis, Jönköping University, Tekniska Högskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-50451.
Texto completoLighting is an essential part of a functioning society. The development of lighting is constantly advancing in order to be as user-friendly as possible. Illumination can predict how spaces are used, using information from other luminaires, so that the area is illuminated even if the user moves exactly on the border of the illuminated area. Obtaining an energy-efficient lighting together with daylight without sacrificing visual comfort is an important issue for lighting buyers. However, visual comfort is more complicated than energy saving, as it means more factors and the favorable result is more difficult to estimate. Visual comfort, such as room perception describes how we see a room's size and shape. Something to keep in mind is that the room is not always perceived as planned and intended. Today energy-saving control systems are becoming increasingly important in commercial buildings as there is a high potential to reduce energy consumption. In addition to saving energy, smart control systems can also be used to improve light quality and increase productivity. This thesis examines how smart control systems can change the visual room perception in offices, as well as how energy consumption is affected by control systems, versus static lighting. The thesis is based on two questions. To answer the first question that deals with room perception, the study is based on a quantitative approach in the form of a digital survey. The survey covers how office lighting is perceived by staff at different companies using smart control systems compared to those using static lighting. The purpose of the survey was to find out the test persons' perceptions of the lighting in their office. The test subjects were given answers based on their own perceptions and values. A total of 37 people answered the survey. The second question is about energy consumption, which is calculated from a luminaire from Aura Light. The study is based on comparing the luminaire, when it is static with 100% flux and then when it is connected to a control system, so as to be able to compare the energy consumption. The conclusions drawn in the study of the result of the room perception show that some differences existed. The majority of those who had static lighting perceived the room as general and bright, while the majority with control systems perceived the room as calm and pleasant. This indicates that control systems can to some extent have an impact on how people perceive a room's character together with the lighting. Regarding the result of energy consumption with control systems versus static lighting, it shows that there is definitely potential to save energy when changing lighting systems in offices.
Afzalan, Milad. "Data-driven customer energy behavior characterization for distributed energy management". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/99210.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy
Buildings account for more than 70% of electricity consumption in the U.S., in which more than 40% is associated with the residential sector. During recent years, with the advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the proliferation of data from consumers and devices, data-driven methods have received increasing attention for improving the energy-efficiency initiatives. With the increased adoption of renewable and distributed resources in buildings (e.g., solar panels and storage systems), an important aspect to improve the efficiency by matching the demand and supply is to add flexibility to the energy consumption patterns (e.g., trying to match the times of high energy demand from buildings and renewable generation). In this dissertation, we introduced data-driven solutions using the historical energy data of consumers with application to the flexibility provision. Specific problems include: (1) introducing a ranking score for buildings in a community to detect the candidates that can provide higher energy saving in the future events, (2) estimating the operation time of major energy-intensive appliances by analyzing the whole-house energy data using machine learning models, and (3) investigating the potential of achieving demand-supply balance in communities of buildings under the impact of different levels of solar panels, battery systems, and occupants energy consumption behavior. In the first study, a ranking score was introduced that analyzes the historical energy data from major loads such as washing machines and dishwashers in individual buildings and group the buildings based on their potential for energy saving at different times of the day. The proposed approach was investigated for real data of 400 buildings. The results for EV, washing machine, dishwasher, dryer, and AC show that the approach could successfully rank buildings by their demand reduction potential at critical times of the day. In the second study, machine learning (ML) frameworks were introduced to identify the times of the day that major energy-intensive appliances are operated. To do so, the input of the model was considered as the main circuit electricity information of the whole building either in lower-resolution data (smart meter data) or higher-resolution data (60Hz). Unlike previous studies that required considerable efforts for training the model (e.g, defining specific parameters for mathematical formulation of the appliance model), the aim was to develop data-driven approaches to learn the model either from the same building itself or from the neighbors that have appliance-level metering devices. For the lower-resolution data, the objective was that, if a few samples of buildings have already access to plug meters (i.e., appliance level data), one could estimate the operation time of major appliances through ML models by matching the energy behavior of the buildings, reflected in their smart meter information, with the ones in the neighborhood that have similar behaviors. For the higher-resolution data, an algorithm was introduced that extract the appliance signature (i.e., change in the pattern of electricity signal when an appliance is operated) to create a processed library and match the new events (i.e., times that an appliance is operated) by investigating the similarity with the ones in the processed library. The investigation on major appliances like AC, EV, dryer, and washing machine shows the >80% accuracy on standard performance metrics. In the third study, the impact of adding small-scale distributed resources to individual buildings (solar panels, battery, and users' practice in changing their energy consumption behavior) for matching the demand-supply for the communities was investigated. A community of ~250 buildings was considered to account for realistic uncertain energy behavior across households. It was shown that even when all buildings have a solar panel, during the afternoon times (after 4 pm) in which still ~30% of solar generation is possible, the community could not supply their demand. Furthermore, it was observed that including users' practice in changing their energy consumption behavior and battery could improve the utilization of solar energy around >10%-15%. The results can serve as a guideline for utilities and decision-makers to understand the impact of such different scenarios on improving the utilization of solar adoption. These series of studies in this dissertation contribute to the body of literature by introducing data-driven solutions/investigations for characterizing the energy behavior of households, which could increase the flexibility in energy consumption patterns.