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1
Calon, Maëliss. "Étude des bases moléculaires et cellulaires de la vulnérabilité des neurones moteurs dans l'amyotrophie spinale distale des membres inférieurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS282.pdf.
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Les altérations du transport intracellulaire peuvent provoquer une neurodégénérescence ou entraver le développement des circuits neuronaux. Ainsi, des mutations dominantes dans DYNC1H1 (chaîne lourde de la dynéine) et dans son partenaire BICD2, deux composants essentiels de la machinerie de transport intracellulaire, sont à l'origine d'une maladie neurodéveloppementale des motoneurones appelée amyotrophie spinale avec prédominance des membres inférieurs (SMALED). Dans cette maladie, les motoneurones innervant les membres sont sélectivement affectés indiquant une dépendance graduelle au transport intracellulaire parmi les types neuronaux et même les sous-types spécifiques de motoneurones. Mon travail de thèse a visé à étudier les mécanismes responsables de l'atteinte des motoneurones dans cette maladie. En analysant les premiers modèles murins porteur d'une mutation causale de SMALED dans BICD2, j'ai observé que ce type de mutation peut induire une perte de la protéine BICD2 contrairement à ce qui est observé chez les patients. Cette mutation entraîne la mort in utero des embryons homozygotes mais les animaux hétérozygotes, correspondants à la configuration génétique chez l'homme, ne présente pas de phénotypes. Ces résultats suggèrent que les modèles murins de SMALED pourraient, au moins dans certains cas, mimer imparfaitement la maladie. J'ai alors développé un modèle complémentaire humain basé sur la différenciation en motoneurones de cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines (CSPih) dérivées de patients SMALED. J'ai montré que les mutations SMALED n'ont pas d'impact sur la spécification et la survie des motoneurones. En revanche, le transport axonal de vésicules impliquées dans la signalisation par les facteurs neurotrophiques (FNTs), semble affecté, ainsi que la réponse au GDNF, un FNT essentiel à l'innervation musculaire et à la survie de certains groupes de motoneurones. Mes résultats suggèrent que SMALED pourrait être dû à des défauts de transport axonal qui perturberaient l'intégration de la signalisation par les FNTs qui sont essentiels au développement et au maintien des circuits locomoteurs, en particulier ceux contrôlant les membres. Le développement de nouvelles conditions de maturation des motoneurones humains lors de ma thèse permettra de mieux comprendre les liens entre signalisation rétrograde par les FNTs, le développement des circuits moteurs et la dérégulation de ces voies dans les maladies au-delà de SMALED<br>Intracellular transport alterations can cause neurodegeneration or hinder the development of neural circuits. Dominant mutations in DYNC1H1 (dynein heavy chain) and its partner BICD2, two essential components of intracellular transport machinery, underlie a neurodevelopmental motor neuron disease called spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance (SMALED). In this disease, motor neurons innervating the limbs are selectively affected, indicating a gradual dependence on intracellular transport among neuronal types and even motor neuron subtypes. My thesis work aimed to study the mechanisms responsible for motor neuron impairment in this disease. By analyzing the first mouse models carrying a SMALED-inducing point mutation in BICD2, I observed that this type of mutation can induce a loss of the BICD2 protein, unlike what is observed in patients. This mutation results in the in-utero death of homozygous embryos, but heterozygous animals, which correspond to the genetic configuration in patients, do not present a phenotype. These results suggest that mouse models of SMALED may, at least in some cases, imperfectly mimic the disease. I therefore developed a complementary human model based on the differentiation into motor neurons of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from SMALED patients. I showed that SMALED mutations do not impact the specification and survival of motor neurons. However, the axonal transport of vesicles involved in neurotrophic factor (NTF) signaling seems affected, as well as the response to GDNF, an NTF essential for muscle innervation and the survival of certain motor neuron groups. My results suggest that SMALED could be due to defects in axonal transport that disrupt the integration of NTF signaling, which is essential for the development and maintenance of locomotor circuits, particularly those controlling the limbs. The development of new conditions for the maturation of human motor neurons during my thesis will provide a better understanding of the links between retrograde signaling by NTF, the development of motor circuits and the deregulation of these pathways in diseases beyond SMALED
2
Šenk, Miroslav. "Využití spektrální analýzy pro převod trojúhelníkových polygonálních 3D sítí na 3D spline plochy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412770.
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In this work we deal with conversion of 3D triagonal polygonal meshes to the 3D spline patches using spectral analysis. The converted mesh is divided into quadrilaterals using eigenvectors of Laplacian operator. These quadrilaterals will be converted into spline patches. We will present some interesting results of this method. The assets and imperfections of this method will be briefly discussed.
3
Potts, Joanne M. "Estimating abundance of rare, small mammals : a case study of the Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2068.
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Estimates of animal abundance or density are fundamental quantities in ecology and conservation, but for many species such as rare, small mammals, obtaining robust estimates is problematic. In this thesis, I combine elements of two standard abundance estimation methods, capture-recapture and distance sampling, to develop a method called trapping point transects (TPT). In TPT, a "detection function", g(r) (i.e. the probability of capturing an animal, given it is r m from a trap when the trap is set) is estimated using a subset of animals whose locations are known prior to traps being set. Generalised linear models are used to estimate the detection function, and the model can be extended to include random effects to allow for heterogeneity in capture probabilities. Standard point transect methods are modified to estimate abundance. Two abundance estimators are available. The first estimator is based on the reciprocal of the expected probability of detecting an animal, ^P, where the expectation is over r; whereas the second estimator is the expectation of the reciprocal of ^P. Performance of the TPT method under various sampling efforts and underlying true detection probabilities of individuals in the population was investigated in a simulation study. When underlying probability of detection was high (g(0) = 0:88) and between-individual variation was small, survey effort could be surprisingly low (c. 510 trap nights) to yield low bias (c. 4%) in the two estimators; but under certain situations, the second estimator can be extremely biased. Uncertainty and relative bias in population estimates increased with decreasing detectability and increasing between-individual variation. Abundance of the Key Largo woodrat (Neotoma floridana smalli), an endangered rodent with a restricted geographic range, was estimated using TPT. The TPT method compared well to other viable methods (capture-recapture and spatially-explicit capture-recapture), in terms of both field practicality and cost. The TPT method may generally be useful in estimating animal abundance in trapping studies and variants of the TPT method are presented.
4
Högele, Michael, and Ilya Pavlyukevich. "Metastability of Morse-Smale dynamical systems perturbed by heavy-tailed Lévy type noise." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7063/.
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We consider a general class of finite dimensional deterministic dynamical systems with finitely many local attractors each of which supports a unique ergodic probability measure, which includes in particular the class of Morse–Smale systems in any finite dimension. The dynamical system is perturbed by a multiplicative non-Gaussian heavytailed Lévy type noise of small intensity
ε > 0. Specifically we consider perturbations leading to a Itô, Stratonovich and canonical (Marcus) stochastic differential equation. The respective asymptotic first exit time and location problem from each of the domains
of attractions in case of inward pointing vector fields in the limit of ε-> 0 has been investigated by the authors. We extend these results to domains with characteristic boundaries and show that the perturbed system exhibits a metastable behavior in the sense that there exits a unique ε-dependent time scale on which the random system converges to a continuous time Markov chain switching between the invariant measures. As examples we consider α-stable perturbations of the Duffing equation and a chemical system exhibiting a birhythmic behavior.
5
Tognoloni, Cecilia. "Formation of polymer lipid nanodiscs for membrane protein studies." Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760950.
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Small, LaCee M. "Effects of data-driven instruction and goal setting on science learning and test scores." Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/small/SmallL0812.pdf.
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Data-driven instruction and goal setting are by no means new to the field of education. This study examined how data-driven instruction combined with student goal setting affected test scores and student engagement as well as how it affected my teaching practices. Analysis of surveys, test scores, journals, interviews and observation protocols indicate that while there was no significant improvement in student engagement in science as observed by teachers and self-reported by students, test scores did increase and students enjoyed the goal setting process and felt that it helped their learning.
7
Haynes, Elizabeth Lydia. "Smale Flows on Three Dimensional Manifolds." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/470.
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We discuss how to realize simple Smale Flows on 3-manifolds. We focus on three questions: (1) What are the topological conjugate classes of Lorenz Smale flows that can be realized on S3? (2) Which 3-manifolds can also admit a Lorenz Smale flow? (3) What are the topological conjugate classes of simple Smale flows whose saddle set can be modeled by &nu(0+,0+,0,0) can be realized on S3? This dissertation extends the work of M. Sullivan and B. Yu.
8
Betermin, Laurent. "Energies de réseaux et calcul variationnel." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1006/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions des problèmes de minimisation d'énergies discrètes et nous cherchons à comprendre pourquoi une structure périodique peut être un minimiseur pour une énergie d'interaction, c'est ce que l'on appelle un problème de cristallisation. Après avoir montré qu'un réseau de R^d soumis à un certain potentiel paramétré peut être vu comme un minimum local, nous démontrons des résultats d'optimalité du réseau triangulaire parmi les réseaux de Bravais du plan pour certaines énergies par point, avec ou sans densité fixée. Finalement, nous démontrons, à partir des travaux de Sandier et Serfaty sur les gaz de Coulomb bidimensionnels, la conjecture de Rakhmanov-Saff-Zhou, c'est-à-dire l'existence d'un terme d'ordre n dans le développement asymptotique de l'énergie logarithmique optimale pour n points sur la sphère unité de R^3. De plus, nous montrons l'équivalence entre la conjecture de Brauchart-Hardin-Saff portant sur la valeur de ce terme d'ordre n et celle de Sandier-Serfaty sur l'optimalité du réseau triangulaire pour une énergie coulombienne renormalisée<br>In this thesis, we study minimization problems for discrete energies and we search to understand why a periodic structure can be a minimizer for an interaction energy, that is called a crystallization problem. After showing that a given Bravais lattice of R^d submitted to some parametrized potential can be viewed as a local minimum, we prove that the triangular lattice is optimal, among Bravais lattices of R^2, for some energies per point, with or without a fixed density. Finally, we prove, from Sandier and Serfaty works about 2D Coulomb gases, Rakhmanov-Saff-Zhou conjecture, that is to say the existence of a term of order n in the asymptotic expansion of the optimal logarithmic energy for n points on the 2-sphere. Furthermore, we show the equivalence between Brauchart-Hardin-Saff conjecture about the value of this term of order n and Sandier-Serfaty conjecture about the optimality of triangular lattice for a coulombian renormalized energy
9
Coelho, José Augusto [UNESP]. "Interpretação eletrostática e a conjectura se Smale." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94276.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
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coelho_ja_me_sjrp.pdf: 348011 bytes, checksum: 34e9942042312b5c3c0bd68f0673e590 (MD5)<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)<br>Nesta dissertação estudamos a conjectura de Smale junto com a maioria dos resultados sobre este assunto e sua interpretação eletrostática. Mostramos alguns testes numéricos sobre a citada conjectura, para podermos analisar sua interpretação eletrostática.<br>In this dissertation we study a conjecture of smale together with majority of results about this topic and its electrostatic interpretation. We show some numerical tests concerning the conjecture in order to analise its electrostatic interpretation.
10
Coelho, José Augusto. "Interpretação eletrostática e a conjectura se Smale /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94276.
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Orientador: Dimitar Kolev Dimitrov<br>Banca: Ana Paula Peron<br>Banca: Cleonice Fátima Bracciali<br>Resumo: Nesta dissertação estudamos a conjectura de Smale junto com a maioria dos resultados sobre este assunto e sua interpretação eletrostática. Mostramos alguns testes numéricos sobre a citada conjectura, para podermos analisar sua interpretação eletrostática.<br>Abstract: In this dissertation we study a conjecture of smale together with majority of results about this topic and its electrostatic interpretation. We show some numerical tests concerning the conjecture in order to analise its electrostatic interpretation.<br>Mestre
11
Bordás, Gábor, and Erik Sjöberg. "Smaken av Sverige : Utländska studenters upplevelse av den svenska smaken." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan - Grythytte akademi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-16559.
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Sverige är ett land där tillgången av råvaror från det egna landskapet påverkats av de fyra årstiderna. Dagens Sverige har blivit berikat av invandring och det är lätt att tillgå alla möjliga råvaror under hela året. Har dagens svenskar en mattradition tydlig nog att definieras av studenter som temporärt vistas i detta avlånga land?Syftet med följande uppsatsarbete var att undersöka vad utländska studenter som vistats temporärt i Sverige anser och upplever vara svensk smak.För att undersöka syftet valdes intervjuer som metod och då svaren inte kunde mätas blev forskningsmetoden kvalitativ. För att öka trovärdigheten i arbetet gjordes ett urval av de studenter som skulle intervjuas. Några av kraven var att studenterna vistades temporärt i Sverige samt jämn fördelning av tjejer och killar.Resultatet presenteras utifrån de analytiska kategorierna genus, vistelsetid, vistelseort och kulturell bakgrund. Köttbullar, fisk, potatis och knäckebröd anses vara typisk svensk mat. Typiskt svenska smaker anses vara sötma tillsammans med salta tillbehör, komponenterna i maten är neutrala men komponeras tillsammans med övriga ingredienser och blir intressanta. Den svenska maten anses vara bastant, mäktig och energirik. Det är svårt att finna restauranger med typiskt svensk mat medan de italienska och franska köken återfinns överallt.Svenskar smaksätter sin mat med milda kryddor och gör maten i stor utsträckning påtaglig söt i kombination med sälta eller syrlighet. Svenskar tycker i överlag om att blanda olika komponenter till spännande maträtter. Att hitta traditionell svensk mat i städerna är inte det lättaste däremot påträffas mängder av restauranger med utländska kök.Nyckelord: mat, perception, preferens<br>C-uppsatser
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Alklind, Paulina, and Amanda Jonsson. "Smaken av Lomas." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84904.
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Larsson, Frida. "Smaken av Reklam." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23030.
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Syftet med undersökningen var främst att skapa en förståelse för hur visuella medel och sensoriska komponenter används för att förmedla smak i reklambilder för mineralvatten. Utöver detta har uppsatsen haft för avsikt att tillämpa en jämförelse för att utforska gemensamma strategier och särskiljande uttryck. Undersökningen har utförts genom en semiotisk visuell bildanalys samt en komparationsmetod, som utgår från samma parametrar i bilderna. Bildanalysen utgår från två meningsnivåer; en teckennivå och en retorisk nivå. Resultatet visade att smaken förmedlas genom indexikala tecken i form av bilder på frukt/bär och färger som tyder på smak. Dessa tecken bildar i sin tur en metonymi som representerar smaken. Vidare visade sig att skivad frukt bidrar med ett större sensoriskt omfång, det vill säga påvisar ytterligare sensoriska egenskaper. Undersökningen kunde även fastslå, med undantag av bild fyra, en gemensam strategi i användandet av frukt och bär för att tilltala mottagaren genom dennes känslor och associeringar till referenten – det verkliga objektet. De skillnader som påvisades låg främst mellan varumärkena och var beroende på reklamens behov att skapa en image för att särskilja sig.<br>The purpose of the essay is to create an understanding of how visual aids and sensory components are used to convey taste in advertising images for mineral water. In addition to this the study aims to implement a comparison to explore common strategies and distinctive visual expressions. The research has been carried out through a semiotic visual analysis and a comparative method based on the same parameters throughout the different pictures. The semiotic visual analysis is based on two levels of meaning; one level of sign and one of rhetoric. Through this research I found that the taste is communicated though indexical signs in the shape of pictures of fruit/berries but also through color. That is to say that these signs point towards taste. These signs in addition to this forms a metonymy which directly represents taste. Furthermore, it was found that sliced fruit contributes to a greater sensory range, and shows additional sensory characteristics. The essay could also establish, with the exception of picture number four, a common strategy in the use of fruit and berries to address the recipient through his feelings and associations to the referent - the real object. The differences that were identified in the essay were mainly between the brands, and were further dependent on the advertising needs of creating an image to differentiate itself from other advertisments.
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Sahl, William. "Smaken av ljud." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13700.
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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambanden mellan smak och ljud. Undersökningen har specificerats till olika frekvensområdens påverkan av smakerna beskt och sött. Rapporten börjar med bakgrundskapitlet som innefattar fakta kring ämnet och exemplifierar relaterad tidigare forskning. Två musikstycken komponerades för att användas i undersökningen. I testet deltog 30 informanter som fick lyssna på en komposition och undertiden äta mörk choklad. Efteråt fick de besvara frågor angående smakupplevelsen i enkätform. Det visade sig att musiken hade en påverkan på informanternas uppfattning av smak. Rapporten avslutas med en diskussion kring den utförda studien och dess framtid.
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Sun, Feng, and 孙峰. "Shape-preserving meshes and generalized Morse-Smale complexes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4786963X.
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Discrete representation of a surface, especially the triangle mesh, is ubiquitous in numerical
simulation and computer graphics. Compared with isotropic triangle meshes,
anisotropic triangle meshes provide more accurate results in numerical simulation by
capturing anisotropic features more faithfully. Furthermore, emerging applications in
computer graphics and geometric modeling require reliable differential geometry information
estimated on these anisotropic meshes. The first part of this thesis proposes
a special type of anisotropic meshes, called shape-preserving meshes, provides guaranteed
convergence of discrete differential operators on these meshes and devises an
algorithm for generating shape-preserving meshes on free-form surfaces based on the
mesh optimization framework with centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT). To improve
the numerical stability in simulation, we discuss how to reduce the number of obtuse
triangles in the mesh. The second part of the thesis discusses the non-uniqueness
of anisotropic meshes to represent the same anisotropy defined on a domain, shows
that of all anisotropic meshes, there exists one instance minimizing the number of
obtuse triangles, and proposes a variational approach to suppressing obtuse triangles
in anisotropic meshes by introducing a Minkowski metric in the CVT framework.
On a complex shape, its topological information is also highly useful to guide the
mesh generation. To extract topology properties, the Morse-Smale complex (MSC) is
a classical tool and widely used in computer graphics. However, on a manifold with
boundary, its MSC is not well defined. The final part of this thesis generalizes the MSC
to manifolds with boundaries. Based on this generalized MSC (GMSC), an operator to
merge n GMSCs of manifolds partitioning a large manifold is proposed. The merging
operator is used in a divide-and-conquer approach on a massive data set, providing
the potential to employ the computational power in a parallel manner.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Computer Science<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Buzzi, Claudio Aguinaldo. "Teorema de Kupka-Smale para sistemas dinamicos reversiveis." [s.n.], 1995. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/305985.
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Previous issue date: 1995<br>Resumo: Não informado<br>Abstract: Not Informed<br>Mestrado<br>Mestre em Matemática
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Almeida, Iamakaue de. "A dinamica dos difeomorfismos de Smale em superficies." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307544.
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Orientador: Ketty Rezende<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T23:47:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Gambaudo, Jean-Marc. "Ordre, désordre, et frontière des systèmes Morse-Smale." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4106.
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"Étude des systèmes dynamiques dont l'espace est de petite dimension. Il se décompose en 2 parties. 1) les comportements réguliers : on développe les idées fondamentales du codage des rotations et plus généralement des transformations injectives de l'intervalle ayant une discontinuité et croissantes sur les intervalles de continuité. Ceci nous permet d'isoler la notion de suite symbolique compatible a une rotation. Les applications de Poincaré des flôts de Cherry entrent dans ce cadre, et conduisent à une classe d'applications plus vaste : les quasi-contractions. Un résultat très précis sur la dynamique asymptotique de ces dernières est obtenu en utilisant les suites compatibles à une rotation. L'étude de ces applications permet de décrire une bifurcation de co-dimension 2 de champs de vecteurs : il s'agit de la situation ou deux cycles stables viennent se "coller" quand un paramètre varie, pour former un grand cycle (en quelque sorte la réunion des deux premiers). Le déploiement de cette singularité donne lieu à l'apparition de cycles stables dont la structure compliquée peut, par le biais des quasi-contractions, se comprendre en termes de suites compatibles a une rotation. 2 )les comportements irréguliers : on décrit la frontière entre systèmes dynamiques désordonnés et ordonnés (c'est à dire possédant ou non de l'entropie topologique) dans les espaces suivants : -les endomorphismes de degré 1 du cercle,-les applications du cercle ou de l'intervalle ayant une discontinuité, -les difféomorphismes de la sphère de dimension 2. Dans ce dernier cas, on montre qu'il existe sur cette frontière des difféomorphismes infiniment différentiables et "Kupka-Smale", sans puits ni source ; ce qui répond à une question posée par Smale en 1962. Enfin, pour les systèmes dynamiques dont l'entropie topologique est positive et qui ne jouissent par des rassurantes propriétés d'hyperbolicite, on illustre, par des exemples explicites, quelques résultats connus et le danger d'une trop grande confiance en les expériences numériques"
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Gambaudo, Jean-Marc. "Ordre, désordre et frontière des systèmes Morse-Smale." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376053143.
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Adhikari, Kamal Mani. "Realizations of simple Smale flows on three-manifolds." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1250.
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In this dissertation, we discuss how to realize simple Smale flows on 3-manifolds. We use four-band and three-band templates to study the linking structure of two types of closed orbits known as attracting closed orbits and repelling closed orbits in the flow. This dissertation extends the work done by M. Sullivan on realizing Lorenz Smale flows on 3-manifolds, by Bin Yu on realizing Lorenz-like Smale flows on 3-manifolds and continues the work of Elizabeth Haynes and Michael Sullivan on realizing simple Smale flows with a four-band template on a 3-sphere. The four-band template we use in this dissertation is different from the template used by Haynes and Sullivan.
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Allemand, Giorgis Leo. "Visualisation de champs scalaires guidée par la topologie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM091/document.
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Les points critiques d’une fonction scalaire (minima, points col et maxima) sont des caractéristiques importantes permettant de décrire de gros ensembles de données, comme par exemple les données topographiques. L’acquisition de ces données introduit souvent du bruit sur les valeurs. Un grand nombre de points critiques sont créés par le bruit, il est donc important de supprimer ces points critiques pour faire une bonne analyse de ces données. Le complexe de Morse-Smale est un objet mathématique qui est étudié dans le domaine de la Visualisation Scientifique car il permet de simplifier des fonctions scalaires tout en gardant les points critiques les plus importants de la fonction étudiée, ainsi que les liens entre ces points critiques. Nous proposons dans cette thèse une méthode permettant de construire une fonction qui correspond à un complexe de Morse-Smale d’une fonction définie sur R^2 après suppression de paires de points critiques dans celui-ci.Tout d’abord, nous proposons une méthode qui définit une surface interpolant des valeurs de fonction aux points d’une grille de façon monotone, c’est-à-dire en ne créant pas de point critique. Cette surface est composée d’un ensemble de patchs de Bézier triangulaires cubiques assemblés de telle sorte que la surface soit globalement C^1. Nous donnons des conditionssuffisantes sur les valeurs d fonction et les valeurs de dérivées partielles aux points de la grille afin que la surface soit croissante dans la direction (x+y). Il n’est pas évident de créer des valeurs de dérivées partielles en chaque point de la grille vérifiant ces conditions. C’est pourquoi nous introduisons deux algorithmes : le premier permet de modifier des valeurs de dérivées partielles données en entrée afin que celles-ci vérifient les conditions et le second calcule des valeurs de dérivées partielles à partir des valeurs de fonctions aux points de la grille.Ensuite, nous décrivons une méthode de reconstruction de champs scalaires à partir de complexes de Morse-Smale simplifiés. Pour cela, nous commençons par approximer les 1-cellules (les liens entre les points critiques dans le complexe de Morse-Smale, ceux-ci sont décrits par des polylignes) par des courbes composées de courbes de Bézier cubiques. Nous décrivons ensuite comment notre interpolation monotone de valeurs aux points d’une grille est utilisée pour construire des surfaces monotones interpolant les courbes construites précédemment. De plus, nous montrons que la fonction reconstruite contient tout les points critiques du complexe de Morse-Smale simplifié et n’en contient aucun autre<br>Critical points of a scalar function (minima, saddle points and maxima) are important features to characterize large scalar datasets, like topographic data. But the acquisition of such datasets introduces noise in the values. Many critical points are caused by the noise, so there is a need to delete these extra critical points. The Morse-Smale complex is a mathematical object which is studied in the domain of Visualization because it allows to simplify scalar functions while keeping the most important critical points of the studied function and the links between them. We propose in this dissertation a method to construct a function which corresponds to a Morse-Smale complex defined on R^2 after the suppression of pairs of critical points.Firstly, we propose a method which defines a monotone surface (a surface without critical points).This surface interpolates function values at a grid points. Furthermore, it is composed of a set of triangular cubic Bézier patches which define a C^1 continuous surface. We give sufficient conditions on the function values at the grid points and on the partial derivatives at the grid points so that the surface is increasing in the (x+y) direction. It is not easy to compute partial derivatives values which respect these conditions. That’s why we introduce two algorithms : the first modifies the partial derivatives values on input such that they respect the conditions and the second computes these values from the function values at the grid points.Then, we describe a reconstruction method of scalar field from simplified Morse-Smale complexes. We begin by approximating the 1-cells of the complex (which are the links between the critical points, described by polylines) by curves composed of cubic Bézier curves. We then describe how our monotone interpolant of values at grid points is used to construct monotone surfaces which interpolate the curves we computed before. Furthermore, we show that the function we compute contains all the critical points of the simplified Morse-Smale complex and has no others
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Percie, du Sert Maxime. "Résultats de généricité pour des réseaux." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112130/document.
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Un réseau de cellules est un graphe orienté dont chaque sommet (aussi appelé cellule) représente un ensemble de variables et dont les arcs symbolisent les interactions entre ces variables. Les réseaux de cellules jouent un rôle important dans la modélisation de phénomènes neurologiques, de systèmes économiques ou biologiques, etc.. Soit G un graphe orienté possédant N sommets, on dit qu'une application f=(f_1,...,f_N) de X=X_1×...×X_N dans X (où X_j=R^dj) est admissible, si pour tout sommet j, f_j(x) dépend de x_i seulement si i->j est un arc de G. Dans cette thèse nous montrons que si G est fortement connecté et auto-dépendant, génériquement par rapport à f appartenant à l'ensemble des applications admissibles de classe C¹, le système dynamique engendré par l'équation différentielle x'(t)=f(x(t)) vérifie la propriété de Kupka-Smale, c'est-à-dire tous les éléments critiques (points d'équilibre et orbites périodiques) sont hyperboliques et les variétés stable et instable des éléments critiques s'intersectent transversalement. Ainsi, pour un ensemble dense d'applications admissibles, le système dynamique est au moins localement stable par perturbation (admissible ou non). Nous considérons également l'ensemble des applications « dissipatives » f de classe C¹ dont la différentielle Df(x) est une matrice de Jacobi cyclique positive en tout point x. De telles applications définissent un système coopératif. Nous montrons que le système dynamique engendré par l'équation x'(t)=f(x(t)) vérifie génériquement la propriété de Morse-Smale par rapport à de telles applications f, c'est-à-dire le système vérifie la propriété de Kupka-Smale, les éléments critiques sont en nombre fini et l'ensemble des points non-errants est égal à l'ensemble des éléments critiques. Cette propriété entraîne la stabilité structurelle du système dynamique. Finalement, dans cette thèse nous étudions aussi des réseaux de cellules satisfaisant des contraintes de symétrie locale. Pour de tels systèmes, nous montrons tout d'abord des résultats génériques d'observation à symétrie près, de synchronisation et de décalage de phase. Nous utilisons ces résultats pour montrer la généricité de l'hyperbolicité des points d'équilibre ainsi qu'un lemme d'injectivité pour les trajectoires. Les résultats de généricité de cette thèse sont obtenus à l'aide de théorèmes de transversalité de type Sard-Smale<br>A coupled cell network consists in a directed graph, with each node (also called cell) representing a set of variables and with each arrow representing the interaction between these variables. Coupled cell networks play an important role in the modeling of phenomena in neurology, economics or biology, etc.. Let G be a directed graph with N nodes. A mapping f=(f_1,...,f_N) of X=X_1×...×X_N to X (where X_j=R^dj) is admissible, if for each node j, f_j(x) depends on x_i only if i->j is an arrow of G. In this thesis, we show that if the graph G is strongly connected and self-dependant, generically with respect to f in the class of admissible C¹-functions, the dynamical system generated by the differential equation x'(t)=f(x(t)) satisfies the Kupka-Smale property, that is all the critical elements (i.e. the equilibria and periodic orbits) are hyperbolic and the stable and unstable manifolds of these critical elements intersect transversally. As a consequence, for a dense set of admissible functions, the dynamical system is locally stable with respect of small perturbations (admissible or not). We also consider the set of "dissipative" mappings f of class C¹, the differential Df (x) of which is a positive cyclic Jacobi matrix at any point x. Such maps define a cooperative system. We show that the dynamical system generated by the equation x'(t)=f(x(t)) is generically Morse-Smale with respect to such mappings f, that is the system is Kupka-Smale, the critical elements are in finite number and the non-wandering set is equal to the set of critical elements. This property implies the structural stability of the dynamical system. Finally, in this thesis we also study coupled cell networks satisfying local symmetry constraints. For such systems, we first show generic results of observation, synchronization and phase shift. We use these properties to show the genericity of hyperbolicity of equilibrium points and an injectivity lemma for trajectories. In the proof of these genericity results, we use different Sard-Smale type theorems
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Prabawani, Bulan. "An exploratory examination of the factors influencing Indonesian SME's sustainability practices in the textile and chemical industries." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/576.
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All firms have an impact on the environment in which they operate, for example in the exploration and processing of environmental resources to make a profit. Manufacturing firms, in particular have the potential to pollute the environment with dangerous liquid and solid wastes. Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) make a significant contribution to the global economy in both developing and developed countries. Individually, SMEs appear to have little environmental impact, but accumulatively, they have a considerable impact, not only economically but also environmentally. However, managing environment impact is not usually core business for SMEs.
SMEs often suffer from a lack of internal resources and capabilities. For example they can have limited access to credit given their high risk, limited warranty, and lack of managerial experience or track record in managing aspects such as financial, production, and sales data. In terms of environmental issues, SMEs often attract little attention from the media, although government does support environmental management initiatives. Consequently, SME owner managers can be indifferent to, or unable to implement, sustainability practices. Thus, natural resources become objects of exploitation or over exploitation.
Although there are many differences in sustainability definitions, all definitions have at their heart the same objective, that is, how today‘s firms‘ needs are fulfilled such that they do not harm the future. This is evident in definition of sustainability in the business field as ―one that creates profits for its shareholders while protecting the environment and improving the lives of those with whom it interacts‖ (Savitz & Weber, 2006, p.x). Thus, the concept of sustainability is not one which is solely orientated to economic aspects or profit, but also to social and natural aspects, in terms of the triple bottom line (TBL) in undertaking business.
Indonesian SMEs in the manufacturing industry are a source of significant employment; however, they suffer a range of issues. The Asian Development Bank (2005) reported that industrial waste and pollution in Indonesia is out of control, while regulation and enforcement by government is completely inadequate. Studies have shown Indonesia‘s chemical based manufacturers contribute to air pollution, contamination of water sources, and depletion of groundwater through improper and illegal disposal of solid and hazardous waste.
The focus of this thesis is SMEs sustainability: perceived benefits, drivers for and barriers to sustainability. As such this is a study of the natural, social, and economic dimensions that make up the concept of sustainability in relation to Indonesian SMEs. The literature identifies a range of natural, social and economic factors influencing sustainability and these were collated into a model. Eight case studies of SMEs in the Central Java chemical and textile industries were undertaken to refine the measures in the model of sustainability. The overall sustainability of the case study firms was also assessed while hypotheses were constructed as to the relationships between constructs and firms sustainability practices based on firm types and size, as well as industry.
A survey of 215 chemical and textile SMEs was then undertaken to test the refined model and develop a final model. The model was developed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) or a measurement model, which included some second order factors for dependent latent variables, and then followed by a structural model which combined each final measurement model. The final model was found to have a high fit (.971 CFI,/df, .041 RMSEA, and .081 RMR) with efficiency as a critical factor influencing sustainability practices.
Overall the study found that sustainability practices were not first priority for these SMEs although they were more inclined towards the present interests in the Sustainable Value framework developed by Hart and Milstein (2003). Indonesian SMEs emphasised resource consumption and civil society issues. In terms of the level of sustainability this group of SMEs were found to have moved ‗beyond the level of legal compliance‘ in terms of their sustainability practices. While Hubbard‘s (2009) Sustainability Balanced Scorecard stresses a balance between the economic as well as the natural and social dimensions of sustainability, this balance was not evident for these Indonesian SMEs. The SME owner managers were also more concerned with the social dimension of sustainability and this was at odds with their perception of the government‘s concern being with the natural dimension of sustainability. However moral mandate was evident as a driver for the natural and social dimensions of sustainability as has been found in other studies of SMEs in developed countries such as New Zealand and the Netherland.
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FRANÇA, LUIZ FELIPE NOBILI. "STRUCTURAL STABILITY AND DENSITY OF MORSE-SMALE CIRCLE DIFFEOMORPHISMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13321@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar que um difeomorfismo do
círculo é Morse-Smale se, e somente se, ele é estruturalmente estável sob C(1)-
perturbações, e que o conjunto dos difeomorfismos Morse-Smale é denso no
conjunto de todos os difeomorfismos C (1) do cíırculo. Uma das preocupações
presentes neste trabalho é a de apresentar as demonstrações e os conceitos
da forma mais acessível possível, tendo como pré-requisitos apenas análise
Real e noções básicas de topologia.<br>The main goal of this dissertation is to provide a self-contained proof that
circle diffeomorphisms are Morse-Smale if and only if they are structurally
stable in the C (1) topology. Another interesting result proved here is that
the set of Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms is dense in the set of all C (1)
diffeomorphisms of the circle. The presentation of the subject and proofs
requires no more background than real analysis of functions of one variable
and elementary topology.
Keywords
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Gollner, Adrian. "Small Trinity." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35201.
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I have an interest in transposing elements of sound, time, and motion into other forms. The thesis exhibition, small Trinity, presents my efforts to capture the essence of an explosion as a sculpture. The resulting objects provide viewers with the chance to examine an explosion in a stilled state, but also to consider the enormous powers we humans wield. Comprising the exhibition are three series: Exploded Vases (2014-15), Cast Explosions (2015) and small Trinity (2016). In each, an experimental methodology is applied to tracing, capturing and then casting the shape of small explosions in a manner that is raw and un-manipulated. For the title series, small Trinity (2016), I set a goal of casting an explosion 1/1,000,000th of the power of the first atomic bomb, Trinity (1945). Through a series of successively larger explosions and casts, the goal was achieved and presented as a series of aluminium, concrete and resin sculptures.
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Redekop, Jake. "Small spaces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62272.pdf.
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Heeney, Xiang Xia Huang. "Small lattices." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/25936.
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This dissertation introduces triple gluing lattices and proves that a triple gluing lattice is small if the key subcomponents are small. Then attention is turned to triple gluing irreducible small lattices. The triple gluing irreducible [Special characters omitted.] lattices are introduced. The conditions which insure [Special characters omitted.] small are discovered. This dissertation also give some triple gluing irreducible small lattices by gluing [Special characters omitted.] 's. Finally, K-structured lattices are introduced. We prove that a K-structured lattice L is triple gluing irreducible if and only if [Special characters omitted.] . We prove that no 4-element antichain lies in u 1 /v1 of a K-structured small lattice. We also prove that some special lattices with 3-element antichains can not lie in u1 /v1 of a K-structured small lattice.<br>viii, 87 leaves, bound : ill. ; 29 cm.<br>Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2000.
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Brooks, Marcia. "Small Gestures." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1202.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Humanities<br>English; Creative Writing
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Suess, Maureen Elizabeth. "Small Tales." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83879.
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<em>Small Tales</em> is a 2D video game with hand drawn and watercolor painted assets that incorporates a series of vignettes centered on the collection of artifacts. Growing up, I experimented with and investigated a wide variety of media, such as Alice and GameMaker but ultimately decided to sharpen my fine arts skills and incorporate them in to video game engines in this thesis. A variety of point and click adventure games such as the <em>King's Quest</em> and <em>Monkey Island</em> series inspired the development of this game due to their emphasis on narrative and player interaction.
This thesis developed from a series of earlier projects that helped me settle on four primary objectives: vignetted narratives, player choice and consequences, visual and text components working harmoniously, and replayability via randomized generation. A Processing sketch emphasized the need for strong visual assets in addition to text-based narrative; in addition to replayability via randomized strings or text for a unique narrative every iteration. Afterwards, a Twine game further encouraged visual assets working with text, but solidified a foundation in player choice and consequences. Finally, my first experiment in Unity with the Adventure Creator helped me establish a functional workflow to achieve my four goals.
<em>Small Tales</em> itself revolves around a series of vignettes connected by the world of the player character. Players wander an unfamiliar neighborhood to find artifacts that at the end of the game reveal tiny stories about other worlds. The game was received well by players during my defense for its ethereal atmosphere and for creating an engaging story world. But a handful of suggestions from these same players could push the game to be even better. <em>Small Tales</em> will be available online after these critiques are taken under consideration.<br>Master of Fine Arts
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Guthrie, Brock. "Small Bar." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1127251559.
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Wright, Alicia. "Small Mythologies." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467764289.
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Bockelman, Paul. "Small towns, small computers...big decisions? : the introduction and use of microcomputers in small towns." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71374.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH<br>Bibliography: leaves 48-52.<br>by Paul Bockelman.<br>M.C.P.
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Siwangaza, Luyolo. "The status of internal controls in fast moving consumer goods SMMEs in the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1722.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Technology: Internal Auditing
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013<br>At present, South African Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in the stimulation of the national economy. Despite the above, prior research shows that the failure rate of these entities is exceedingly high. Several factors which impact on SMME sustainability have been identified by prior research and as a result SMME sustainability has received attention from both local- and national Government. One of the factors, which is perceived as a major contributor towards the high failure rate of SMMEs, is the lack of proper internal controls. The responsibility to implement internal controls and internal control frameworks, including the task to ensure that these controls are optimally used, lies with management. In essence, it can be said that a business that is uncontrollable, is ultimately, unmanageable.
The analogy was made by the author that “SMMEs are perceived as not sustainable owing to the utilisation of inadequate internal controls”. With the absence of adequate internal controls, an environment would be created where a business is susceptible to all kinds of detrimental risks (for example, fraud risk). When these risks are realised within a small business environment the overall sustainability of such a business will, more often than not, be negatively impacted upon.
The main objective of this study was to determine the degree to which the implementation of an adequate system of internal controls can help to improve SMMEs’ sustainability. The research that was conducted was empirical in nature and fell within the ambit of the positivistic research paradigm. The logical stance that was undertaken in this study was that of deductive reasoning and, furthermore, this research was regarded as applied research which incorporated quantitative research characteristics. To achieve the above dispensation, questionnaires were administered and distributed to 110 owners and/or managers of SMMEs which operated within the fast moving consumer goods industry, situated in the Cape Peninsula. The non-probability sampling technique that was executed comprised of purposive sampling, and data that were collected from this research was analysed by deploying descriptive and inferential statistics.
Lastly, the research conducted found that SMMEs have implemented internal controls as part of their business measures; however, the issue remains that a majority of these SMMEs are not aware of formal internal control frameworks to further enhance their existing internal control processes. To remedy the above concern, the author was of the perception that respondents should be trained on formal internal control frameworks in order to address the concern of limited awareness of existing internal control frameworks.
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Bajracharya, Pranisha, and Masdeu Natalia Roma. "Tacit Knowledge Transfer in Small Segment of Small Enterprises." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6209.
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<p>Background: Though small enterprises are regarded as engine for the modern economy, they are not pioneers when it comes to implementing new advances like tacit knowledge transfer procedures. Tacit knowledge is often referred as skill, know-how and expertise which are embedded in each individual in an organization. The critical skills and competences of employees are intangible assets and firms’ intellectual resources. In this context, the tacit dimension of knowledge is potentially important to be transferred among individuals, either in tacit or explicit form, to build the core capabilities of small enterprises.</p><p>Problem Discussion: The existent Knowledge Management (KM) research has been mainly focused on big companies, providing little information for small enterprises. Authors believe the lack of attention that those small enterprises are putting on the strategic management of their knowledge is worrying. Tacit knowledge is one of the less explored areas within KM due to the difficulty to codify, formulate or express it. Despite this fact, it is perceived as “some kind of Holy Grail that will enable magnificent things to happen as soon as the codes of tacit knowledge have been deciphered”.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the transference of tacit knowledge among individuals within small segment of small enterprises.</p><p>Method: To gather the information pertaining to tacit knowledge transfer in the small segment of small enterprises, authors have performed a qualitative and explanatory research by conducting several interviews with two small companies.</p><p>Result: Tacit to tacit knowledge transfer has been identified as more relevant than tacit to explicit conversion in the small segment of small enterprises. Therefore the main drivers of the transference of tacit knowledge are learning at personal level and common culture. Time, cost and distance have been recognized as major problems for small enterprises when transferring tacit knowledge.</p>
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Micena, Fernando Pereira. "Problema restrito dos três corpos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-09052007-142925/.
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O problema de n?corpos é um dos problemas mais importantes em Sistemas Dinâmicos. Nós estudamos o modelo do problema dos três corpos restrito introduzido por Sitnikov. Nesse modelo os corpos primários tem a mesma massa e o terceiro corpo é de massa muito pequena com respeito aos corpos primários. Usando os métodos de Alekseev, nós mostramos a existência de uma ?ferradura de Smale?como um subsistema da dinâmica do terceiro corpo e concluímos ricas conseqüências probabilísticas. Nós também estudamos o problema pelo método de Melnikov<br>The n?body problem is one of the most important problems in dynamical systems. We study the model introduced by Sitnikov of restricted three body problem. In this model the primaries are of equal mass and the third body is very small with respect to the primaries. Using methods of Alekseev, we show the existence of ?Smale horseshoe?as a subsystem of the dynamic of the third body and conclude rich probabilistic consequences. We also study the same problem by Melnikov?s method
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Ahlström, Amanda, and Alexandra Södergren. "Smaker av Sverige : En konsumentundersökning." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Restaurang- och hotellhögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52588.
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Taylor, Scott. "Managing people in smaller organizations." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340861.
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Ahlberg, Heléne, and Linn Andersson. "How do Banks Manage the Credit Assessment to Small Businesses and What Is the Effect of Basel III? : An implementation of smaller and larger banks in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18257.
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Background: Small businesses are considered as a valuable source for the society and the economic growth and bank loan is the main source of finance for them. Small businesses are commonly seen as riskier than larger businesses it is thus noteworthy to examine banks’ credit assessment for small businesses. The implementation of the Basel III Accord will start in 2013 with the aim to generate further protection of financial stability and promote sustainable economic growth, and the main idea underlying Basel III is to increase the capital basis of banks. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe how larger and smaller banks in Sweden are managing credit assessment of small businesses, and if this process differs according to the size of the bank. The authors further want to investigate how expectations of new capital regulations, in form of Basel III, affect the credit assessment and if it is affecting the ability of small businesses to receive loans. Method: In order to meet the purpose of the thesis a mixed model approach is used. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with representatives from three smaller and three larger banks. Additional, statistics were computed in order to examine the economic state of the Swedish market, where also an archival research with 10 allocated banks operating with corporate services was executed. Conclusions: The banks have a well-developed credit process where building a mutual trust relationship with the customer is crucial. If the lender has a good relationship with the customer, it will ease the collection of credible information and thus enhance the process of making right decision. The research examined minor differences between smaller and larger banks in their credit assessment. Currently, the banks do not see any problems with adjusting to the new regulation and thus do not see specific effects for small businesses and their ability to receive loans. The effects that can be identified by the expectations of Basel III are the banks’ concern of charging the right price for the right risk and the demand of holding more capital when lending to businesses. The banks have come a long way on the adjustment to Basel III, which has pros and cons, thus it implies that banks are already charging customers for the effect of the regulations that will not be 100 percent implemented until 2019. The difference that was identified between larger and smaller banks is that larger banks seem to have more established strategies when working on the implementation of Basel III.
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Carbone, Vera Lucia. "Problemas parabólicos em materiais compostos unidimensionais: propriedade de Morse Smale." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-25042003-183522/.
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Neste trabalho estudamos problemas de reação difusão em domínios unidimensionais que surgem de materiais compostos e obtemos resultados comparando os fluxos do problema original e do problema limite quando a difusão fica muito grande em partes do domínio. Provamos que os autovalores e autofunções do operador linear ilimitado associado à equação limite têm a propriedade de Sturm Liouville e provamos que as soluções do problema de reação difusão têm a propriedade do decrescimento do número de zeros ao longo do tempo. Estes resultados são usados para provar que as variedades instável e estável de pontos de equilíbrios são genericamente transversais e que o fluxo no atrator para o problema de reação difusão é genericamente estruturalmente estável. Estes fatos permitem obter a equivalência topológica dos fluxos restritos aos atratores dos problemas original e seu problema limite.<br>In this work we study some reaction-difusion problems in one dimensional domains that arise from composite materials. We obtain some results comparing the flux of the original problem and the flux of the limit problem when the difusion becomes large on parts of the physical domain. We prove that the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the linear unbounded operator associated with the equation have the Sturm Liouville property and also that the solutions of the reaction difusion equation have the property that the zeros do not increase with time. These results are used to obtain that the stable and unstable manifolds of equilibrium points are generically transversal and that the flux on the attractor for the reaction difusion problem is generically structurally stable. Using this we are able to prove the topological equivalence of the fluxs restricted to the attractors of the original and the limit problem.
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Zhu, Wenqi. "Out-of-core construction and simplification of Morse-Smale complexes /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CSED%202008%20ZHUW.
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Govender, Rhona. "Small but mighty : a global reconsideration of small-scale fisheries." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45403.
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Small-scale (SS) fisheries have sustained people for millennia and are pervasive in coastal communities across the globe. Now, the future of what was once believed to be an endless supply of resources remains uncertain given current conditions. The small-scale fisheries sector employs over 34 million fishers, which is at least 24 times more than industrial fisheries. The vast majority of these small-scale fishers reside in developing countries, and strongly rely on these resources for food security and poverty alleviation. Despite their significance, global marine fisheries have been deeply troubled in recent history due to overfishing and inadequate management practices. It is imperative that policy makers base their decisions on reliable data in order to adequately manage this troubling situation, however, current information regarding the small-scale fisheries sector is dubious at best. After compiling data as to what constitutes a small-scale fishery and the associated catch, by country, a multiple linear regression was used to predict data for countries where none was obtained. Human development index (HDI), inshore fishing area (IFA), and whether or not the data came from the FAO, can be used to explain the variance in catch, and predict catch where countries are missing data. The multiple linear regression in Chapter 3 provided the global SS fisheries catch estimate of 25 million tonnes, which is 19% higher than the previous estimates. It is crucial to note that this catch is almost equivalent to the estimated 29 million tonnes bound for human consumption from the industrial sector. In addition, it was seen that data originating from the FAO underestimates the catch in this sector, which is congruent with qualitative information obtained from the literature search in Chapter 1. Lastly, countries with a low HDI were found to catch more (5.29 t∙km²) per unit area than those that are highly developed (1.76 t∙km²).
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Letsoalo, Mokgatsana Lerato Victoria. "The production of silage in small containers for small farmers." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1442.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Pasture Science)) --University of Limpopo, 2014<br>The Limpopo Province is a well known for its warm summers and dry winters. The lack of rainfall in winter causes a shortage of feed for livestock and is responsible for poor animal production and even mortality. Alternatives winter feeding strategies that have been suggested by researchers are planted pastures, crop residues, hay, foggage and silage. Silage in “small container” is the cheapest potential alternative fodder source. This preliminary study investigated the use of small container silage during winter on small scale farms by using Panicum maximum, maize, pearl millet and forage sorghum.
Dewageningsdrift (Hygrotech Experimental Farm, Gauteng) was used for this research project. The treatments were four crops (Maize, forage sorghum, pearl millet and Panicum maximum) ensiled in three ensiling techniques (small plastic bags, black plastic bags and buckets). During the first season (2009/2010) the samples were collected in a maturity stage. During second season (2010/2011) the samples were collected in different growing stages (soft dough, hard dough and matured stage).
If all quality norms are taken into consideration maize can still be classified as a good silage crop. Silage of similar quality can be produced from forage sorghum and pearl millet. Pearl millet produced relative good quality silage when ensiled in a mature stage.
Ensiling in small plastic bags and buckets resulted in good quality silage. There was a trend that buckets resulted in better quality silage when harvested in the hard dough stage. Black refuge plastic bags are not suggested for silage making.
Although the quality is lower, silage can be produced from hard dough and mature material, especially with pearl millet in buckets.
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Hung, Pui-ling Elsa. "Government support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31967206.
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Chalera, Clement Stanley. "An impact analysis of South Africa's National Strategy for the development and promotion of SMMEs." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-05022007-102936.
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Johansson, Monica. "Organizing policy : a policy analysis starting from SMEs in Tuscany and the county of Jönköping /." Jönköping : Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-6870.
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Zhang, Jian Kenny. "Human, house, housing policy." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25945944.
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Hildebrandt, Leonore S. "A Small Discovery." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HildebrandtLS2004.pdf.
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Ishii, Minoru 1945. "Small Ramsey numbers." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63235.
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Askew, Adrian John. "Small x physics." Thesis, Durham University, 1995. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5129/.
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We study the small-z limit of the structure functions for deep inelastic scattering in Quantum Chromodynamics. The standard approach to this process, based on the DGLAP equations, runs into difficulties in the small-x region due to the higher order corrections becoming large. As an attempt to overcome these obstacles we reinterpret the small-z limit in terms of high energy asymptotics. The relevant high energy formalism is developed in terms of Reggeon Field Theory, which leads to the BFKL equation for the scattering amplitude. These results are reviewed fully, for completeness. We then apply the resulting formalism to structure functions at small-z to determine the phenomenological implications of this high energy resummation. The DESY electron-proton collider HERA is presently exploring the region of the structure functions for x ≤ 10(^-3), Q(^2) ~ 10 GeV(^2) and the results of these experiments are compared with our theoretical analysis. The structure functions are a very inclusive measurement; so in order to try and focus on some cleaner indication of the BFKL behaviour we then turn to an analysis of dijet production in deep inelastic scattering. The results of the BFKL formalism are compared with standard analysis in terms of the DGLAP equations.
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O'Keeffe, Thomas. "Development writ small." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3850/.
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This thesis is concerned with using micro-level data to examine important features of the process of development which occur on a much larger scale. Using a uniquely long and detailed dataset for a single village in India, allied with data from other sources, we explore what development at the level of a village can tell us about development at the level of a state or country. In the first chapter we introduce the village setting of this thesis - Palanpur, describe the data, and document the broad features of development experienced by the village over the course of 60 years. We focus on changes in employment, education, migration within the village - and relate these to the development of India or other areas where appropriate. The overriding picture is one of a village which has been touched by the outside world. The Green revolution initiated sustained growth in agricultural productivity. Large numbers have moved out of subsistence agriculture into non-agricultural pursuits, many of these outside the village. There have been substantial increases in education, migration, and income levels - similar in magnitude to other areas of India. The second chapter investigates how structural transformation, the reallocation of economic activity from agriculture to manufacturing and services, is experienced for economic entities smaller than countries. Despite a vast macroeconomic literature concerning structural transformation for countries along their development path there is little evidence on the nature of structural transformation at a more microeconomic level. Firstly, we document the stylised facts of structural transformation from the empirical macroeconomic literature. Secondly, we show that these stylised facts are consistent with India's development experience over more than 100 years. We then proceed to document how these empirical facts map onto progressively smaller geographic areas within India. Finally we demonstrate that these features of structural transformation hold true even at the level of a single village in India. The pattern of sectoral reallocation in terms of both income and employment shares is strikingly similar and consistent with the extant stylised facts at all levels. This result has important implications for the way we should think about the complementarity of agricultural and non-agricultural development. The third chapter explores the role of employment networks within the process of development in rural India. The relevant networks we examine are caste and extended family networks, called dynasties. We first establish that there exist job networks in nonagricultural employment for individuals working outside the village. These networks have large effects, and these effects are larger for extended family networks. We then demonstrate that these job networks exhibit competition from fellow network members. As a placebo test we confirm smaller or non-existent network effects for another type of employment believed to be less prone to job referral networks. The second part of this chapter then tests if these dynasty network effects observed for outside employment are consistent with a model of labour market network dynamics. The data are consistent with the model and display both a negative competition effect and a positive information effect. Dynasty network cohorts who arrive in the labour market prior to workers have a positive effect on their employment prospects but those who arrive at the same time have a negative impact. The chapter finishes with some evidence on the potential long run implications of these networks.