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1
Fernandes, Mariana Alher. "Estudo dos mecanismos de instabilização em um talude de solo arenoso não saturado localizado na região Centro-Oeste Paulista". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18132/tde-28112016-093540/.
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A presença de encostas com solos na condição não saturada é muito comum na região Sudeste brasileira devida às características climáticas e hidrogeológicas regional. Neste caso, o mecanismo de instabilização pode ser basicamente descrito pela redução da coesão aparente provocada pela infiltração da água da chuva, causada pela diminuição ou até mesmo a anulação dos efeitos da sucção matricial, tornando o talude instável. O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo dos mecanismos instabilizadores em um talude de corte composto por solo residual arenoso localizado na Rodovia Luis Augusto de Oliveira (SP-215) no km 179+300 LE, próximo ao município de Ribeirão Bonito, Brasil. Neste trabalho foi realizado um levantamento dos dados e das propriedades do solo (física, mecânica e hidráulica) da área piloto utilizando métodos de investigação geológico-geotécnica de superfície (levantamento topográfico de detalhe, caminhamentos) e de subsuperfície (sondagem a trado e poços com coleta de amostras); ensaios de laboratório e de campo (índices físicos do solo, resistência ao cisalhamento, permeabilidade); instrumentação e monitoramento (piezômetro, pluviômetro e tensiômetro) e modelagem numérica (análises da infiltração da água da chuva e de estabilidade de talude). Na área investigada ocorrem solos residuais dos arenitos eólicos da Formação Botucatu (Grupo São Bento, Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná) de idade jurássico-cretácea. As modelagens numéricas realizadas no programa GeoStudio versão 2012 (Seep/W e Slope/W) confirmaram que é possível ocorrer deslizamentos rasos de solo somente pela redução da sucção e perda de coesão aparente. As modelagens do fluxo da água infiltrada no talude apresentaram resultados divergentes das leituras registradas pelos tensiômetros instalados no talude monitorado e os fatores de segurança mostraram serem bem superiores ao unitário, mesmo ocorrendo chuvas de alta intensidade pluviométrica. Estas modelagens numéricas também permitiram estabelecer a configuração geométrica crítica (altura e inclinação) para os taludes de corte em solo residual arenoso da Formação Botucatu.The presence of slopes with soil in the unsaturated condition is very common in Brazil\'s Southeast region due to climate and regional hydrogeological characteristics. In this case, the instability mechanism can be basically described by the apparent cohesion loss caused by the rainfall infiltration that induced by the reduction or even annulling the effect of matric suction, making the slope conditionally unstable. This paper presents a study of instabilizing mechanisms in a cut slope composed of sandy residual soil located on Highway Luis Augusto de Oliveira (SP-215) at km 179 + 300 LE, near Ribeirão Bonito, Brazil. This work was carried out a survey of the data and soil properties (physical, mechanical and hydraulic) of pilot area using geological and geotechnical research techniques of surface (topographic survey) and subsurface (soil sampling and hand auger drilling); laboratory and field tests (physical indices soil, shear strength, permeability); instrumentation and monitoring (piezometer, rain gauge and tensiometer) and numerical modelling (analysis of rainfall infiltration and slope stability). In the investigated area occur residual soils of aeolian sandstones of Botucatu Formation (São Bento Group, Paraná Sedimentary Basin) Jurassic- Cretaceous age. The numerical modelling performed in GeoStudio version 2012 (Seep/W and Slope/W) confirmed that it is possible to have shallow soil slips just reducing the suction loss and apparent cohesion. The modelling of the infiltrated water flow on the slope showed conflicting results of the readings recorded by tensiometers installed on the monitored slope and the safety factors shown to be well above the unit, even occurring high intensity rainfall. These numerical models also allowed to establish the geometric critical configuration (height and slope angle) for cut slopes in a sandy residual soil of Botucatu Formation.
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Wei, Yukun. "Slope stability assessment through field monitoring". Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239955.
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Deterministic methods have been used in geotechnical engineering for a long period, such as slope stability calculations. However, only applying deterministic methods is subjective and imperfect. There is a demand to develop a systematic methodology to link the assessed slope stability and field measurement data, which is also known as inverse analysis and forward calculation. Based on the Nya Slussen project, this thesis includes the development of a methodology, deterministic calculation for 4 cross sections using finite element program Plaxis 2D and probabilistic calculation for one section. Deterministic analyses showed satisfying results for all the studied cross sections since their factors of safety exceeded the minimum requirement. In probabilistic design, three parameters were found to have the most uncertainties through sensitivity analysis (undrained shear strength of clay, Young’s modulus of clay and friction angle of fill). Inverse analysis was done by testing different values of them in Plaxis and to try to match the displacement components provided by field measurement. After finding the best optimization for all the parameters, forward calculation gave a final factor of safety. It is suggested that both of the methods should be utilized together for better assessment.
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Li, Aiguo y 李愛國. "Field monitoring of a saprolite cut slope". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29901765.
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Momand, Farid A. "Monitoring Slope Stability Problems Utilizing Electrical and Optical TDR". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1289317906.
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Smith, Alister. "Quantification of slope deformation behaviour using acoustic emission monitoring". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18593.
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Early warning of slope instability will enable evacuation of vulnerable people and timely repair and maintenance of critical infrastructure. However, currently available warning systems are too expensive for wide-scale use or have technical limitations. The acoustic emission (AE) monitoring approach using active waveguides (i.e. a steel tube with granular backfill surround installed in a borehole through a slope), in conjunction with the Slope ALARMS AE measurement system, has the potential to be an affordable early warning system for slope instability. However, the challenge has been to develop strategies to interpret and quantify deformation behaviour from measured AE. The development of an approach to quantify slope deformation behaviour from measured AE will enable the AE monitoring system to provide early warning of slope instability through detecting, quantifying and communicating accelerations in slope movement. Field monitoring and full-scale physical modelling have been conducted to characterise the AE response from the system to both reactivated slope movements and first-time slope failure. Definitive field evidence has been obtained showing AE monitoring can measure slope movements and generated AE rates are proportional to slope displacement rates, which was confirmed through comparisons with both conventional inclinometer and continuous ShapeAccelArray deformation measurements. A field monitoring case study demonstrated that the AE approach can detect very slow slope movements of 0.075 mm/day. In addition, the concept of retrofitting inclinometer casings with active waveguides to convert the manually read instrument to a real-time monitoring system has been demonstrated using a field trial. Dynamic strain-controlled shear tests on active waveguide physical models demonstrated that AE monitoring can be used to quantify slope displacement rates, continuously and in real-time, with accuracy to within an order of magnitude. Large-scale first-time slope failure experiments allowed the AE response to slope failure to be characterised. AE was detected after shear deformations of less than a millimetre in previously un-sheared material, and AE rates increased proportionally with displacement rates as failure occurred. The AE rate-displacement rate relationship can be approximated as linear up to 100 mm/hour and shear surface deformations less than 10-20 mm. At greater velocities and larger deformations the gradient of the relationship progressively increases and is best represented using a polynomial. This is because complex pressure distributions develop along the active waveguide analogous to a laterally loaded pile, and the confining pressures increase. Variables that influence the AE rate-displacement rate relationship have been quantified using physical model experiments and empirical relationships. A framework has been developed to allow AE rate-displacement rate calibration relationships to be determined for any AE system installation. This provides a universal method that can be used by practitioners when installing AE systems, to calibrate them to deliver alarm statuses/warning levels that are related to slope displacement rates. Use of this framework has been demonstrated using a case study example, and decision making protocols have been suggested that use trends in alarms with time to trigger decisions, which could be to send an engineer to inspect the slope, manage traffic, or evacuate people.
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Mologni, Omar. "Cable tensile force monitoring in steep slope forest operations". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426820.
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The interest in active sustainable management of mountain forests is increasing around the world. Great effort, in particular, is focusing on the identification of efficient, safe, and sustainable steep slope harvesting solutions adapted to different environmental conditions. The main attention is moving toward winch-assist harvesting systems on trafficable terrain and European designed standing skyline mobile tower yarders on non-trafficable terrain. These cable-supported harvesting solutions have similar safety issues related to the use of tensioned wire ropes and the use of natural anchors. This research focused on the analysis of cable tensile force while operating with these harvesting solutions in ordinary harvesting sites and operational conditions.
First, a state-of-the-art about the steep slope cable-supported harvesting solutions and their main safety issues was completed. A particular focus was dedicated to the significant works on cable tensile force monitoring. Following, field studies were successfully carried out to monitor the cable tensile forces on ordinary logging operations. The survey interested eleven mobile tower yarders, observed on twelve different cable lines in the Italian Alps, and three large integrated-winch forwarders, observed on eight trails in the interior of British Columbia (Canada). A similar approach, based on the integration of tensile force monitoring, video recording of the operations, ground profile analysis, and load measurement/estimation, was applied to both the cable-supported systems. The case studies, the methodological approach used for the data collection and analysis, and the results of the monitoring are presented and reported in detail.
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Forward, Troy Andrew. "Quasi-Continuous GPS Steep Slope Monitoring: A Multi-Antenna Array Approach". Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/409.
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This thesis investigates the design, implementation and validation of a multi-antenna GPS system to monitor the displacement of deforming slopes. The system utilises a switched antenna array design allowing data from multiple antennas to be sampled sequentially by one GPS receiver. The system provides quasi-continuous GPS observations that can produce a precise and reliable coordinate time-series of the movement of the slope under consideration. GPS observations and particularly those concerned with the monitoring of steep slopes, are subject to systematic errors that can significantly degrade the quality of the processed position solutions. As such, this research characterises the data in terms of multipath effects, the spectrum of the coordinate time-series, and the carrier to noise power density ratio of the raw GPS observations. Various GPS processing parameters are then investigated to determine optimal processing parameters to improve the precision of the resulting coordinate time-series. Results from data stacking techniques that rely on the daily correlation of the repeating multipath signature find that the GPS data actually decorrelates somewhat from day to day. This can reduce the effectiveness of stacking techniques for the high precision monitoring of steep slopes. Finally, advanced stochastic models such as elevation angle and carrier-to-noise weighting are investigated to optimise the precision of the coordinate time-series data. A new in-line stochastic model is developed based on weighting GPS observations with respect to the level of systematic error present within the data. By using these advanced types of stochastic models, reductions to the noise level of the coordinate time-series of approximately 20 and 25 percent are possible in the horizontal and height components respectively.Results from an extensive field trial of this system on a deforming high-wall of an open-pit mine indicate that approximately 135mm of displacement occurred over the 16-week field trial. The precision of the coordinate time-series for surface stations approaches ±4.Omm and ±5.4mm in the horizontal and height components respectively. For sub-surface stations next to the mine wall, coordinate precision has been determined as ±4.9mm.component and ±7.6mm in the height component respectively.
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Forward, Troy Andrew. "Quasi-Continuous GPS Steep Slope Monitoring: A Multi-Antenna Array Approach". Curtin University of Technology, Department of Spatial Sciences, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11914.
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This thesis investigates the design, implementation and validation of a multi-antenna GPS system to monitor the displacement of deforming slopes. The system utilises a switched antenna array design allowing data from multiple antennas to be sampled sequentially by one GPS receiver. The system provides quasi-continuous GPS observations that can produce a precise and reliable coordinate time-series of the movement of the slope under consideration. GPS observations and particularly those concerned with the monitoring of steep slopes, are subject to systematic errors that can significantly degrade the quality of the processed position solutions. As such, this research characterises the data in terms of multipath effects, the spectrum of the coordinate time-series, and the carrier to noise power density ratio of the raw GPS observations. Various GPS processing parameters are then investigated to determine optimal processing parameters to improve the precision of the resulting coordinate time-series. Results from data stacking techniques that rely on the daily correlation of the repeating multipath signature find that the GPS data actually decorrelates somewhat from day to day. This can reduce the effectiveness of stacking techniques for the high precision monitoring of steep slopes. Finally, advanced stochastic models such as elevation angle and carrier-to-noise weighting are investigated to optimise the precision of the coordinate time-series data. A new in-line stochastic model is developed based on weighting GPS observations with respect to the level of systematic error present within the data. By using these advanced types of stochastic models, reductions to the noise level of the coordinate time-series of approximately 20 and 25 percent are possible in the horizontal and height components respectively.Results from an extensive field trial of this system on a deforming high-wall of an open-pit mine indicate that approximately 135mm of displacement occurred over the 16-week field trial. The precision of the coordinate time-series for surface stations approaches ±4.Omm and ±5.4mm in the horizontal and height components respectively. For sub-surface stations next to the mine wall, coordinate precision has been determined as ±4.9mm.component and ±7.6mm in the height component respectively.
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Logan, Kenneth Scott. "Analysis of Wireless Tiltmeters for Ground Stability Monitoring". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32009.
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Tiltmeters can be used in the mining environment to monitor slope stability by making use of gravitational force to measure angles of inclination relative to horizontal. Tiltmeters typically use accelerometers, which output a voltage measurement that can be related to angle of tilt. Though wireless tiltmeters already exist today, they lack certain ruggedness and sensitivity preventing use in mines. The purpose of this project was to investigate the feasibility of using already existing wireless tiltmeters in the mining setting. Additionally, a new wireless tiltmeter was designed which could be specially tailored for the needs of monitoring hazardous rock bodies in both surface and underground mines. By recording angles of any slope, either in a surface mine or underground, over extended periods of time, changes in readings can infer instabilities in the rock mass underlying the slope being measured. By placing many tiltmeters in a mesh on a surface slope or underground roof, rib, or other face, the entire surface can be monitored. Compared to the measurements of a single point using one instrument, a dense network can be extremely useful in detecting rock movement.
Many monitoring techniques are in use already in mines. Traditional methods of monitoring, though undeniably useful, are often time consuming. By utilizing wireless devices that transmit data back to a single location, data acquisition and analysis time can be minimized, saving the mine employee hours as well as down time. As surface mines continue to deepen, and underground mines continue to progress further from the surface, the extent of necessary monitoring continues to increase: this widening range will require greater time for proper monitoring, unless an automated system is implemented. With proper wireless equipment, real time monitoring of an entire mine is possible.Master of Science
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Chandarana, Upasna Piyush y Upasna Piyush Chandarana. "Optimizing Geotechnical Risk Management Analysis". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625550.
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Mines have an inherent risk of geotechnical failure in both rock excavations and tailings storage facilities. Geotechnical failure occurs when there is a combination of exceptionally large forces acting on a structure and/or low material strength resulting in the structure not withstanding a designed service load. The excavation of rocks can cause unintended rock mass movements. If the movement is monitored promptly, accidents, loss of ore reserves and equipment, loss of lives, and closure of the mine can be prevented. Mining companies routinely use deformation monitoring to manage the geotechnical risk associated with the mining process. The aim of this dissertation is to review the geotechnical risk management process to optimize the geotechnical risk management analysis. In order to perform a proper analysis of slope instability, understanding the importance as well as the limitations of any monitoring system is crucial. Due to the potential threat associated with slope stability, it has become the top priority in all risk management programs to predict the time of slope failure. Datasets from monitoring systems are used to perform slope failure analysis. Innovations in slope monitoring equipment in the recent years have made it possible to scan a broad rock face in a short period with sub-millimetric accuracy. Instruments like Slope Stability Radars (SSR) provide the quantitative data that is commonly used to perform risk management analysis. However, it is challenging to find a method that can provide an accurate time of failure predictions. Many studies in the recent past have attempted to predict the time of slope failure using the Inverse Velocity (IV) method, and to analyze the probability of a failure with the fuzzy neural networks. Various method investigated in this dissertation include: Minimum Inverse Velocity (MIV), Maximum Velocity (MV), Log Velocity (LV), Log Inverse Velocity (LIV), Spline Regression (SR) and Machine Learning (ML). Based on the results of these studies, the ML method has the highest rate of success in predicting the time of slope failures. The predictions provided by the ML showed ~86% improvement in the results in comparison to the traditional IV method and ~72% improvement when compared with the MIV method. The MIV method also performed well with ~75% improvement in the results in comparison to the traditional IV method. Overall, both the new proposed methods, ML and MIV, outperformed the traditional inverse velocity technique used for predicting slope failure.
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Bell, Andrew D. F. "Spatial analysis approaches for the characterisation and monitoring of slope instability and deformation". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676269.
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This thesis focuses on the use of Terrestrial LiDAR Scanning (TLS) for the monitoring of active slopes. Research into this area has developed an innovative methodological framework of spatial analysis approaches for the characterisation and monitoring of active slope instability sites. Methods implemented include monitoring using TLS derived Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) with scans conducted approximately every two months. Temporal responses of morphological parameters to slope instability and deformation were assessed. A pioneering assessment of TLS deviations over a scanning period of one day was utilised to identify the implications systematic errors have for temporal monitoring analysis. An evaluation of standard and robust statistics, statistics which are not affected by outliers, is presented for the applicability of TLS with implications for terrain evolution and error assessment. In addition to TLS monitoring, Aerial LiDAR (ALS) was assessed for the application of the morphological characterisation on a larger scale from selected sites around the world including the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada. This thesis presents the temporal, statistical and morphological responses of slope deformation over a monitoring period of two years. Rates of movement were found to vary with greatest magnitude occurring during Winter and Spring. Evaluation of error over the one day period identified limited deviation in the acquisition of successive point clouds. The implications for this error assessment illustrated the potential use of robust statistical measures. Temporal morphological assessment resulted in the identification of pre-and post-failure characterisation of slope instability. This resulted in the development of a quasi-empirical model of failure for the selected slopes. Spatial analysis results were validated using Aerial LiDAR and TLS datasets. The overarching impact of this thesis is that it has provided insight into the real world application of TLS monitoring of slope deformation and the benefits of such investigation for partner organisations and their key remits to governmental bodies.
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Hu, Hui [Verfasser]. "Deformation monitoring and modeling based on LiDAR data for slope stability assessment / Hui Hu". Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103710689X/34.
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Duan, Hongmei. "Monitoring and characterization of toxic cyanobacterial blooms". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66915.
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Molecular tools were used to monitor the dynamics of Microcystis populations and the potential microcystin producers in Missisquoi Bay (the Canadian part of Lake Champlain). This study showed the GF/C filters, which are typically used to prepare samples for microcystin analysis, were not ideal for the characterization of total bacterial communities, but were sufficient for the chemical analyses of cyanobacterial microcystins. The mcyD gene copy number determined by Q-PCR correlated well with the microcystin concentration determined by ELISA and HPLC in 2006; therefore mcyD Q-PCR could be used as a rapid and sensitive method and as an effective monitoring system for toxic cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Champlain. Escherichia coli was also monitored as an indicator of manure contamination of lake water. Manure application and rain events positively related to the high nitrogen concentration in the lake in 2006, suggested that good manure management is necessary for the reduction of agricultural nutrient loads into Missisquoi Bay, believed to be a major cause of cyanobacterial blooms.Un suivi de la dynamique des populations de Microcystis qui ont la capacité de produire des toxines a été effectué à la baie Missisquoi (partie canadienne du lac Champlain) à l'aide d'outils moléculaires. Deux types de membranes ont été utilisés : un filtre standard (GF/C) pour quantifier les microcystines, et un filtre pour capturer les bactéries. Cette étude a démontré que le filtre standard (GF/C) est approprié pour déterminer les concentrations de microcystines, mais qu'il n'est pas adéquat pour caractériser avec des techniques moléculaires, les populations de bactéries et de cyanobactéries. Une bonne corrélation a été obtenue en 2006, entre les concentrations de microcystines déterminées par les méthodes ELISA et HPLC et le nombre de copies du gène mcyD (impliqué dans la biosynthèse des microcystines). Les résultats ont donc démontré le potentiel de cette méthode de PCR en temps réel, ciblant le gène mcyD, pour la détection et le suivi des proliférations de cyanobactéries qui produisent des toxines. La présence du pathogène fécal Escherichia coli a été évaluée afin de déterminer la relation entre l'application de lisier et de fumier et l'augmentation dans l'eau du lac, des nutriments qui causent les proliférations. Une bonne corrélation a été obtenue entre l'application du lisier et du fumier et les précipitations ainsi qu'entre les concentrations élevées d'azote dans le lac, suggérant qu'une meilleure gestion des matières fertilisantes est nécessaire pour réduire les apports de nutriments dans la baie Missisquoi.
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Codeglia, Daniela. "Development of an acoustic emission waveguide-based system for monitoring of rock slope deformation mechanisms". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33500.
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Hundreds of thousands of landslides occur every year around the world impacting on people's lives. Monitoring techniques able to foresee imminent collapse and provide a warning in time useful for action to be taken are essential for risk reduction and disaster prevention. Acoustic emission (AE) is generated in soil and rock materials by rearrangement of particles during displacement or increasing damage in the microstructure preceding a collapse; therefore AE is appropriate for estimation of slope deformation. To overcome the high attenuation that characterise geological materials and thus to be able to monitor AE activity, a system called Slope ALARMS that makes use of a waveguide to transmit AE waves from a deforming zone to a piezoelectric transducer was developed. The system quantifies acoustic activity as Ring Down Count (RDC) rates. In soil applications RDC rates have been correlated with the rate of deformation, however, the application to rock slopes poses new challenges over the significance of the measured AE trends, requiring new interpretation strategies. In order to develop new approaches to interpret acoustic emission rates measured within rock slopes, the system was installed at two trial sites in Italy and Austria. RDC rates from these sites, which have been measured over 6 and 2.5 years respectively, are analysed and clear and recurring trends were identified. The comparison of AE trends with response from a series of traditional instruments available at the sites allowed correlation with changes in external slope loading and internal stress changes. AE signatures from the limestone slope at the Italian site have been identified as generated in response to variations in the groundwater level and snow loading. At the conglomerate slope in Austria, AE signatures include the detachment of small boulders from the slope surface caused by the succession of freeze-thaw cycles during winter time. Consideration was also given to laboratory testing of specific system elements and field experiments. A framework towards strategies to interpret measured acoustic emission trends is provided for the use of the system within rock slopes.
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Ebel, Brian A. "Process-based characterization of near-surface hydrologic response and hydrologically driven slope instability /". May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Nelson, Craig V. "Sedimentological and Foraminiferal Characterization of a Holocene Island Slope (130-240m), North Jamaica". DigitalCommons@USU, 1986. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6687.
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Recent carbonate sediments from (133-236m) on the northern Jamaican island slope are significantly different from shallower reef zones (l-70m) in grain constituents, textural parameters, and foraminiferal assemblages. The island slope sediment is dominated by coral fragments, calcareous algae, Halimeda plates, and foraminiferal tests. The sediment is characteristically poorly-sorted, nearly-symmetrically skewed, and mesokurtic, with a mean grain size in the fine sand range. Mineralogically, the sediment is predominantly aragonite (66%) and high-Mg calcite (22%), with some calcite (8%), and minor amounts of clays and other insoluble minerals (4%). Q-mode cluster analyses of sediment constituents, textural parameters, and foraminiferal species and larger group abundances were utilized in the delineation of shelf and island slope depositional environments. ineffective for such use. Mineralogy proves No significant differences are observed in sedimentological parameters (textures, constituents, and sedimentation rates) between an island slope traverse located below an area with prominant sill reefs and a traverse below an area lacking well-developed sill reefs. It is suggested that the sill reefs have less effect on off-reef transport than was previously believed. Based on the abundance trends of certain sediment grains and the similarity of sediment grains in island slope and deep fore reef/fore reef slope sediment, it is suggested that the deeper reef zones (>30m) are the source of most sediment transported seaward. Foraminiferal abundances show lateral differences between traverses related to input of shallow water (
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Peck, Jonathan Philip. "Application of drill monitoring to rock mass characterization". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65440.
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Ureel, Scott Daniel. "Concepts Used to Analyze and Determine Rock Slope Stability for Mining & Civil Engineering Applications". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/325211.
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Slope stability plays an important role in rock engineering. During the design, construction and post design phases of rock slope stability, engineers and geologists need to pay close attention to the rock conditions within the rock slope to prevent slope failures, protect employees and maintain economic profit. This dissertation is based on a general four step procedure to construct and maintain rock slope stability with confidence. These four steps include field investigations, material testing and rock strength database, slope modelling and slope monitoring. The author provides past, present and alternatives methods for each step for the introduced slope stability procedure. Specific topics within each step are investigated displaying results, recommendations and conclusions. Step one involves data collection during field investigations for rock slope design. Orientation of rock core during drilling programs has become extremely pertinent and important for slope stability and underground mining operations. Orientation is needed to provide essential data to describe the structure and properties of discontinuities encountered during the design process to understand favourable and unfavourable conditions within a rock slope and underground openings. This chapter examines and discusses the limitations and benefits of four methods of obtaining borehole discontinuity orientations from drilling programs including clay-imprint, ACT I, II, III Reflex, EZY-MARK, and OBI/ABI Televiewer systems. Results, recommendations and conclusions are provided in this study. During step two to maintain rock slope stability, a rock strength database was created and used to correlate and compare RQD values to rock abrasion, shear strength and other rock characterization methods. Rock abrasion plays a significant role in geotechnical design, tunneling operations and the safety of foundations from scour; however, rock abrasion can be used to develop higher confidence in important parameters such as RQD and hardness. More rock abrasivity research is needed to provide a more accurate and compatible method for all subsurface material properties used in mining and civil engineering projects. This report will provide simple correlations relating abrasion resistance to RQD, UCS, Geological Strength Index (GSI) and Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of metamorphic rock. Results, discussions and conclusions are provided. Step 3 to determine rock slope stability entails utilizing computer modeling to predict failure conditions and wear rock mass properties. Computer modeling and slope monitoring for rock slopes have become essential to assess factor of safety (FOS) values to predict slope instability and estimate potential failure. When utilizing computer models, the limit equilibrium method (LEM) provides FOS values according to force and moment equilibrium; the shear strength reduction (SSR) technique calculates FOS using stress- and deformation-based analyses. Currently, both methods are prevalent in the engineering industry and applied by geotechnical engineers to analyze and determine stability in rock slopes for mining and civil engineering projects. Slope modeling techniques are then used to observe slope conditions and predict when slope failure may occur (FOS = 1.0). Comparison, results and conclusions are presented. Lastly, the dissertation (step 4: slope monitoring) will investigate past studies of FOS comparisons, review calculation methods and provide procedures and results using remote sensing data. The main objective of the dissertation is to provide engineers with essential information needed to ensure high confidence in factor of safety predictions and how alternative methods can be utilized. Recommendations, future research and conclusions regarding FOS and slope monitoring are provided within the dissertation.
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Hayati, Noorlaila [Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Niemeier y Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sörgel. "Slope Movement Monitoring of The Ciloto Landslides Area Using InSAR Techniques / Noorlaila Hayati ; Wolfgang Niemeier, Uwe Sörgel". Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205461973/34.
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Hayati, Noorlaila Verfasser], Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] [Niemeier y Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sörgel. "Slope Movement Monitoring of The Ciloto Landslides Area Using InSAR Techniques / Noorlaila Hayati ; Wolfgang Niemeier, Uwe Sörgel". Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205461973/34.
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Sun, Zandong. "Seismic methods for heavy oil reservoir monitoring and characterization". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0033/NQ38510.pdf.
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Mandadi, Bharath Kumar Reddy. "Advanced Object Characterization and Monitoring Techniques Using Polarimetric Imaging". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1243780947.
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Schettler, Megan Elizabeth. "Characterization of water movement in a reconstructed slope in Keokuk, Iowa, using advanced geophysical techniques". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2624.
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This project addresses the topic of evaluating water movement inside a hillslope using a combination of conventional and advanced geophysical techniques. While slope dynamics have been widely studied, ground water movement in hills is still poorly understood. A combination of piezometers, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and electrical resistivity (ER) surveys were used in an effort to monitor fluctuations in the subsurface water level in a reengineered slope near Keokuk, Iowa. This information, integrated with rainfall data, formed a picture of rainfall-groundwater response dynamics. There were two hypotheses: 1) that the depth and fluctuation of the water table could be accurately sensed using a combination of monitoring wells, ground-penetrating radar and resistivity surveys; and 2) that the integration of data from the instrumentation array and the geophysical surveys would enable the characterization of water movement in the slope in response to rainfall events. This project also sought to evaluate the utility and limitations of using these techniques in landslide and hydrology studies, advance our understanding of hillslope hydrology, and improve our capacity to better determine when slope failure may occur. Results from monitoring wells, stratigraphy, and resistivity surveys at the study site indicated the presence of a buried swale, channelizing subsurface storm flow and creating variations in groundwater. Although there was some success in defining hydrologic characteristics and response of the slope using this integrated approach, it was determined that GPR was ultimately not well suited to this site. However, the use of GPR as part of an integrated approach to study hillslope hydrology still appears to hold potential, and future work to further evaluate the applicability and potential of this approach would be warranted.
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Hölck, Teuber Carlos Javier. "Open pit geomechanics and mine planning integration: design & economic assessment of a subsurface slope deformation monitoring campaign". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/141034.
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Magíster en Minería. Ingeniero Civil de MinasLa geomecánica y planificación minera son áreas de la minería a cielo abierto íntimamente relacionadas, ya que las restricciones geomecánicas limitan al diseño minero y, así, los planes mineros factibles. El diseño y los planes mineros han de empujar los límites de lo que la geomecánica permite, para asegurar operaciones mineras competitivas y mantener un nivel de riesgo al personal y operaciones aceptable. Luego, se requiere del monitoreo geotécnico para adquirir datos de calidad que permitan un diseño minero de alto nivel. Sin embargo, la relación entre geomecánica y planificación minera no se extiende al diseño e implementación de programas de monitoreo. En general, los programas de monitoreo de deformaciones superficiales son diseñados con posterioridad al inicio de la operación del rajo y cuando se han identificado signos de inestabilidad en la superficie de los taludes. El monitoreo de deformaciones del subsuelo permite alertar sobre fallas en desarrollo semanas antes de que estas se hagan notar en superficie. Luego, se debería diseñar campañas de monitoreo de deformaciones del subsuelo durante el proceso de planificación minera, considerando el diseño minero en la instalación de instrumentos geotécnicos previo a la construcción de la mina. Lo que permitiría registrar el proceso de relajación del macizo a medida que la construcción progresa y adquirir datos más exhaustivos del comportamiento del macizo rocoso (antes que con monitoreo superficial), con el fin de optimizar el diseño de taludes futuros y adoptar medidas correctivas para evitar fallas. En esta tesis, fueron diseñadas una serie de campañas de monitoreo de deformaciones del subsuelo usando In-Place Inclinometers, ShapeAccelArrays y Networked Smart Markers (NSMs) como equipos de monitoreo. Las opciones fueron aplicadas a una mina teórica desarrollada como parte de la tesis y comparadas en términos de costos, cantidad y calidad de los datos recopilados. Los resultados indican a la opción de NSMs cada 2[m] como la más eficiente en cuanto a costos ya que: (1) presenta el menor costo por unidad de datos adquiridos (US$57.21) y (2) 5 veces mayor vida útil, lo que permitiría obtener el doble de datos que la siguiente mejor opción, (3) se financia con un aumento de 2° en el ángulo de talud y (4) aumenta el VAN del proyecto en 3.2%.
Open pit geomechanics and mine planning are two closely related areas in the development of an open pit mine since geotechnical constrains limit the possible mine designs and, thus, the feasible mine plans. Mine designs and plans have to push the limits of what rock mass geomechanics allow to assure competitive mine operations, while maintaining acceptable levels of risk to operations and personnel. Therefore, geotechnical monitoring programs are required to acquire good quality data to be used as input for mine design. However, the relation between geomechanics and mine planning does not extend to monitoring programs design and implementation. Generally, surface deformation monitoring programs are designed after the project is in operation and signs of slope instability have been identified on the surface. Subsurface deformation monitoring can alert about developing failures weeks before any sign of instability is noted on the surface. Therefore, subsurface deformation monitoring campaigns should be designed along the mine planning process and considering the mine s design to install geotechnical instrumentation prior to the construction of the slopes. This methodology would allow to register the rock mass relaxation process as construction progresses and to acquire more comprehensive data about rock mass behaviour, in advanced of surface monitoring, towards future slope design optimization and adoption of remedial measurements to avoid failure. In this thesis, a series of subsurface deformation monitoring campaign were designed using In-Place Inclinometers, ShapeAccelArrays and Networked Smart Markers as monitoring devices. All options were applied to a theoretical open pit developed as part of this work. The campaigns were compared in terms of cost, quantity and quality of gathered data. The results showed that the campaign using NSMs installed every 2 meters was the most cost-efficient option as it represented: (1) the lowest cost per unit of gathered data (US$57.21), (2) five times longer lifespan, which allowed to gather twofold the amount of data compared with the next best option, (3) be financing of the campaign through steepening of the slopes by 2° and (4) increase in project s original NPV by 3.2%.
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Abancó, i. Martínez de Arenzana Clàudia. "Monitoring and geomorphologic characterization of debris flows at catchment scale". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128677.
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Debris flows are very fast mass movements and are considered as one of the most hazardous phenomenain mountainous regions. Research on this field has strongly improved during the last decades. However,many open questions remain concerning the details of the triggering mechanisms of this type of phenomena and their dynamic behaviour; both of them key points in the hazard assessment.
The global purpose of this work is to improve some aspects of the debris-flow hazard assessment atcatchment scale; particularly the estimation of the events¿ magnitude, the determination of their intensity and the characterization of the triggering factors. Most of the objectives have been carried out by means of the auscultation of a catchment in wich the debris flows are frequent. Furthermore, data of geomorphological characterization of other catchments have been analysed. This work aims at increasing the knowledge on debris flows in the Pyrenees.
In the context of this thesis, a debris-flow monitoring system has been set up in the Pyrenees, in the Rebaixader torrent (Alta Ribagorça, Central Pyrenees). Since July 2009, six debris flows involving volumes ranging from 1000 to 21000 m3, eleven debris floods (volumes from 350 to 2800 m3) and four rockfalls have been registered. The distinction between processes and the identification of the different phases of the flow events have mainly been based on ground vibration data. The detailed analysis of the ground vibration generated by torrential processes has revealed that there are several on-site factors strongly influencing the signal registered by the geophones. In particular, a significant decrease of the signal has been recognized at the geophones that were not placed close to the active channel. The ground vibration signal generated by some debris-flow events has not only been registered using the conventional digital sampling of the ground velocity signal, but also by means of transforming the ground velocity into impulses. Both techniques are suitable for the detection and characterization of the debris-flow events. However, the transformation into impulses shows interesting advantages, such as the low power consumption and the simplicity of the analysis of this type of signal in comparison to the conventional one.
Both aspects are crucial in early warning and alarm systems (EWAS). Besides, the characterization of the rainfalls in the catchment has revealed that the most common debris-flow triggering rainfalls in the Rebaixader torrent last around 2 hours and the critical hourly intensity value is around 15 mm/h. However, it has been detected that also spring episodes of moderate intensity, accompanied by the potential infiltration from snowmelt can trigger torrential flows and rockfalls. In particular, a detailed analysis of three rockfalls that occurred in spring is presented.
Moreover, a methodology to estimate the entrainment of bed material in a debris-flow event is presented within this study. The methodology was based on the creation of a decision tree (applying data mining techniques) over a database of geomorphologic parameters, collected in the field and from a digital elevation model, which incorporates 110 reaches from 17 torrents. Finally, a general decision tree was proposed that should be calibrated and adapted, in order to widen its application to other catchments and climatic regions.
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Philipps, Joseph Caleb. "Sensor characterization for long-term remote monitoring of bridge piers". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4907.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 2, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Woodruff, Olivia P. "TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MACONDO 252 SIGNATURES IN GULF OF MEXICO SHELF AND SLOPE SEDIMENTS". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ees_etds/17.
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The long-term fate of hydrocarbons in the Gulf of Mexico (GOMx) following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill has yet to be fully characterized. Elemental (% C and % N), stable isotopes (δ13Corganic), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecular signatures were investigated in shelf and slope sediments collected in October 2010 and 2011 to gain insight into processes affecting the distribution and fate of spilled Macondo oil. Particulate organic carbon (POC) ranged between 1.55 and 2.22 wt. % in 2010 and 0.55 and 2.06 % in 2011 while the corresponding δ13Corganic ranges were from -23.37 to -20.77 ‰ (vs. PDB) in 2010, and -22.68 to -20.75 ‰ (vs. PDB) in 2011. Ranges of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (TPAH) concentrations were from 72.57 to 7,543.53 ng/g in 2010 and 25.55 to 16,582.77 ng/g in 2011. The range of measured values represented significant deviations from previous background measurements. This provided the basis for concluding that the Macondo spill altered the “background” organic carbon and hydrocarbon signature, that Macondo oil has weathered and/or biodegraded in the year following the spill, and that a significant spatial trend of hydrocarbons extended from the Macondo well across the northern GOMx in October 2010 and 2011.
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Gonzalez, Ignacio. "Application of monitoring to dynamic characterization and damage detection in bridges". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150804.
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The field of bridge monitoring is one of rapid development. Advances in sensor technologies, in data communication and processing algorithms all affect the possibilities of Structural Monitoring in Bridges. Bridges are a very critical part of a country’s infrastructure, they are expensive to build and maintain, and many uncertainties surround important factors determining their serviceability and deterioration state. As such, bridges are good candidates for monitoring. Monitoring can extend the service life and avoid or postpone replacement, repair or strengthening works. The amount of resources saved, both to the owner and the users, by reducing the amount of non-operational time can easily justify the extra investment in monitoring. This thesis consists of an extended summary and five appended papers. The thesis presents advances in sensor technology, damage identification algorithms, Bridge Weigh-In-Motion systems, and other techniques used in bridge monitoring. Four case studies are presented. In the first paper, a fully operational Bridge Weigh-In-Motion system is developed and deployed in a steel railway bridge. The gathered data was studied to obtain a characterization of the site specific traffic. In the second paper, the seasonal variability of a ballasted railway bridge is studied and characterized in its natural variability. In the third, the non-linear characteristic of a ballasted railway bridge is studied and described stochastically. In the fourth, a novel damage detection algorithm based in Bridge Weigh-In-Motion data and machine learning algorithms is presented and tested on a numerical experiment. In the fifth, a bridge and traffic monitoring system is implemented in a suspension bridge to study the cause of unexpected wear in the bridge bearings. Some of the major scientific contributions of this work are: 1) the development of a B-WIM for railway traffic capable of estimating the load on individual axles; 2) the characterization of in-situ measured railway traffic in Stockholm, with axle weights and train configuration; 3) the quantification of a hitherto unreported environmental behaviour in ballasted bridges and possible mechanisms for its explanation (this behaviour was shown to be of great importance for monitoring of bridges located in colder climate) 4) the statistical quantification of the nonlinearities of a railway bridge and its yearly variations and 5) the integration of B-WIM data into damage detection techniques.QC 20140910
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Su, Hao-Wei. "Electrical characterization of leukocyte activation for monitoring sepsis progression using dielectrophoresis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103742.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-118).
This thesis describes the development of a rapid dielectrophoretic characterization tool for monitoring leukocyte activation, and its application for monitoring sepsis progression. Sepsis is an uncontrolled activation of the immune system that causes an excessive inflammatory response or an impaired immunity. The unpredictable immune status makes the immunotherapy treatment difficult. One crucial aspect of sepsis is leukocyte activation, which plays an important role in the attacking the pathogens, stimulating the tissues, and resulting in organ function failures. Monitoring leukocyte activation in sepsis may provide real-time indicators for diagnosis, prognosis, and guiding therapy. To measure leukocyte activation, we used Iso-dielectric Separation (IDS) and dielectrohporetic spring (DEP spring) method which can rapid characterize of thousands of cells to provide statistically meaningful results. To adapt to measuring septic blood with clumpy and sticky leukocytes, the double-sided electrodes was developed and characterized for higher throughput and anti-fouling measurement. The human neutrophils were successfully isolated and activated with chemicals and their electrical properties were measured across many conditions and compared to the non-activated ones. We found repeatable and consistent electrical changes using both IDS and DEP spring method: an increase in effective conductivity of activated neutrophils at higher frequencies (above 5MHz). We then developed an electrical model and an experiment pipeline of inhibiting neutrophil functions to hypothesize the underlying mechanism. Using the blood samples from a cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in mice, we estimated the number of activated leukocytes by looking into the difference in electrical properties at 10 MHz. We found that the activated leukocyte percentage correlated with the neutrophil activation percentage obtained from flow cytometry, indicating potential use for monitoring sepsis progression. We designed a multi-parametric time series experiment to understand the prognostic value of leukocyte activation and the role of leukocyte activation in sepsis at a system level. We found that the neutrophil activation percentage of non-survivors were significantly larger than survivors at 24 hours after the CLP procedure. We also found the neutrophil activation percentage positively correlates with inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and interleukin-10. Finally, we initiated a pilot study of monitoring neutrophil activation in critically-ill human patients with suspected sepsis. We found, with a limited dataset, the effective conductivity of neutrophils in critically-ill human patients is higher than the healthy control. To show the feasibility of becoming an point-of-care bedside device, the sample preparation of red blood cell removal was integrated in for rapid test that can profile >1,000 leukocytes within 15 minutes from sample to result, providing a simple assay to monitor leukocyte activation in sepsis progression.
by Hao-Wei Su.
Ph. D.
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Hensley, Sarah (Sarah L. ). "Characterization of monitoring alarms in a community hospital intensive care unit". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119844.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 71-73).
Because the vast majority of monitoring alarms in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) do not require intervention, care providers are slow to respond to all alarms, endangering patients. We collect, characterize, and analyze alarms, alarm annotations provided by clinical staff while responding to alarms, and physiological data from a community hospital ICU. In order to suggest opportunities for suppressing irrelevant alarms, we examine monitoring device coverage across patients and analyze the alarms observed by device, priority, and type. On average, we observe 196.3 alarms per patient-day, for a total of 23,057 alarms. From these, the electrocardiogram and pulse plethysmogram produce 86.1% of all alarms. The lowest priority alarms represent 81.1% of all alarms, while the highest priority alarms compose just 5.5% of the total. While the rate of annotations is low, also just 5.5% of possible alarms, it is comparable to the rate of care provider interactions with alarms, as measured by alarm silencing, at 9.6%. Using these annotations, we find -- surprisingly -- that the annotated nuisance threshold-violation alarms tend to have higher excursions than actionable and advisory alarms, offering a statistic for separation. When focusing on threshold-crossing alarms, we find that 22.5% of Heart Rate Low alarms may actually indicate device error. Among ST segment alarms, 44.4% occur simultaneously with at least one other ST segment alarm, producing redundant alarms. Addressing these issues represent strategies for reducing excessive alarms in this community hospital cohort of ICU patients.
by Sarah Hensley.
M. Eng.
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Sergienko, Ekaterina. "Adapted reservoir characterization for monitoring and uncertainty analysis of CO2 storage". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2019/.
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L'analyse de risques du stockage géologique de CO2 consiste à simuler la dynamique du processus de stockage et à évaluer la probabilité de fuites. L'approche proposée dans ce travail consiste à utiliser des surfaces de réponses basées sur les processus Gaussiens, cela permet de réduire le grand nombre d'appels au simulateur de réservoir nécessaire à cette analyse. Dans cette thèse des méthodes innovantes sont étudiées pour résoudre les problèmes suivants: 1. Emplacement des puits d'injection 2. Estimation de la fiabilité 3. Analyse de sensibilité fiabiliste Pour résoudre le premier problème nous proposons une méthode de surface de réponse pour gérer les paramètres discrets (positions des puits) et les sorties fonctionnelles discrètes (évolution de pression du réservoir). Par ailleurs, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthode pour la modélisation des réponses variées dans le temps. Pour cela, la caractérisation des courbes est effectuée en utilisant des modèles à forme invariante. Pour le problème de fiabilité, nous avons développé une approche combinant la méthode de réduction d'ensemble et le krigeage. Un échantillonnage adaptatif est construit afin d'améliorer itérativement l'estimation de la probabilité de défaillance du modèle. Pour répondre au dernier problème, nous proposons une méthode pour l'analyse de sensibilité fiabiliste. Elle est basée sur une perturbation de la distribution de probabilité des variables d'entrée afin de trouver les facteurs qui contribuent le plus à la variabilité de la probabilité de défaillance. Toutes les méthodes proposées ont été testées numériquement sur des exemples analytiques et des cas test de stockage de CO2Risk analysis of CO2 geological storage involves the simulation of the dynamics of the storage process and the evaluation of the probability of the possible leakage events. The approach followed here focuses on Gaussian Process response surface modelling in order to reduce the number of calls to the expensive reservoir simulator. Three major problems related to uncertainty analysis of CO2 storage are addressed: 1. Injection well placement 2. Reliability estimation 3. Reliability sensitivity analysis To tackle the first problem we provide a response surface method to handle discrete parameters (well positions) and discrete functional outputs to treat responses varying trough time (reservoir pressure evolutions). In addition, we introduce a new method for modelling functional outputs based on curves characterization and involving shape invariant model. To address the reliability problem, we introduce a subset simulation algorithm linked with the Gaussian Process model. It involves adaptive experimental design refinement and the model updating. To solve the last problem we suggest a new method for reliability sensitivity analysis. It is based on a perturbation of a probability distribution of input variables in order to evaluate which one contributes the most in the variability of the failure probability. All the proposed methods have been numerically tested on analytical and CO2 storage examples
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Jones, Barbara Wadsworth. "BEHAVIORAL GAIT CHANGE CHARACTERIZATION AND DETECTION USING PRECISION DAIRY MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/animalsci_etds/75.
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Lameness is a painful disorder that decreases performance and is highly recognized as one of the most important health and welfare concerns for dairy cattle. Visual gait scoring is the most common way to detect gait change in dairy cattle. However, this is not only subjective, but is also time consuming and costly. A need to remove the subjective assessment of human observation exists. Therefore, automatic gait change detection for continuous monitoring by precision dairy monitoring technologies may be beneficial. The first objective of this research was to characterize behavior and production variables as cow gait changed to evaluate potential usefulness in gait change detection across two different studies. Weighted gait score was a significant (P < 0.05) predictor of rumination time for study 1. Rumination time decreased as weighted gait score increased. However, for study 2, numbers of steps and feeding time were significant predictors (P < 0.05). Number of steps increased as weighted gait score increased. Time at the feedbunk and feedbunk visits decreased as cows weighted gait score increased. The second objective was to compare behavior and production variables for each individual gait aspect in increasing gait scores to evaluate potential usefulness in gait change detection across two different studies. For study 1, milk yield, rumination, and neck activity decreased as cows as tracking score increased. For study 2, lying time decreased as cow’s general symmetry score increased. Feedbunk visits decreased as cows tracking score increased. Number of steps increased as cow’s spine curvature score increased. Time active increased as cows head bobbing score increased. Activity increased as cows speed score increased. Lying time decreased as cow’s abduction/adduction score increased. The third objective was to detect gait change utilizing multiple precision dairy monitoring technologies in two different studies. For study 1, 56% of predicted gait scores were within 0.25 points of the actual weighted gait score and for study 2, 41% of predicted gait scores were within 0.25 points of the actual weighted gait score. Pearson Correlation for study 1 and 2 was 0.43 and 0.46, respectively. For both studies, the Pearson Correlation yielded results in the low category, when evaluating goodness of fit.
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Ruso, Simona. "Stratigraphic Architecture and Characterization of a Neoproterozoic Continental Slope System, Windermere Supergroup, East-Central British Columbia, Canada". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42660.
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At the Castle Creek study area, exceptionally well exposed strata of the Isaac Formation (Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup) crop out over a strike length of 4 km. This ~ 1 km-thick succession of continental slope deposits consist of six channel complexes (ICC1-ICC6) composed of three main architectural elements: mass transport deposits (MTDs), channel, and overbank deposits. Together, these elements stack in a repeating and systematic pattern that illustrates periodic forcing on the system related to the combined effect of long- and short-term changes in relative sea level that controlled the development of the continental shelf, and ultimately, the make up of the sediment resedimented into the deep-marine system. Understanding these stacking patterns in ancient slope systems and the conditions under which they formed, is important for assessing regional and potentially global changes in ancient climate and eustasy.
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Dimmerling, Paul James. "Characterization of wound monitoring systems used to quantify and locate plutonium contamination". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2524.
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Abu-Khader, Ahmad. "Monitoring and characterization of T-lymphocyte reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980393892.
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Lo, Yuan Chang y 羅元彰. "The Study of Slope Monitoring System". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95667183538369720568.
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碩士聖約翰科技大學
電子工程系碩士班
101
This literature described a new system to detect soil erosion by using a Micro Control Unit (MCU) combined with accelerated G-sensor and electronic compass sensor as the detection point where the sensors were placed at the edge of the slope. The sensors detect changes in the angle bearings and azimuths of the slope. Data collected at the detection point will then be calculated by MCU via RS485 and Zigbee. Results obtained by the receiver will get integrated and stored into the Embedded system. Through the Internet, these data will be incorporated into the website to be analyzed instantly. The receiver software utilized Visual C# to establish automated detection system. If something out of the norm happened, the system will then signal the rest of the sensors to transmit the data collected at the respective detection point at once. This helps to improve pre-warning efficiency, which in turn decreases human casualties and property losses caused by soil erosion.
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DOTTA, GIULIA. "Semi-automatic analysis of landslide spatio-temporal evolution". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1076767.
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Le tecniche di rilevamento rappresentano un utile strumento per rilevare e caratterizzare i
processi gravitativi di versante, in particolare attraverso l’uso di approcci volti ad individuare
le aree in movimento. Nel dettaglio, tecniche come il laser scanner terrestre e la
fotogrammetria digitale permettono di ottenere rappresentazioni ad alta risoluzione dello
scenario osservato sotto forma di una nuvola di punti (point cloud) in tre dimensioni. Durante
gli ultimi anni, l’uso delle nuvole di punti per investigare i cambiamenti morfologici a scala
temporale e spaziale, è notevolmente aumentato.
In questo contesto è maturato il presente progetto di ricerca, durante il quale, l’efficacia
dell’utilizzo delle nuvole di punti per la caratterizzazione e il monitoraggio di versanti instabili
è stata testata e valutata attraverso lo sviluppo di un tool semi-automatico in linguaggio di
programmazione MATLAB. Lo strumento di analisi proposto consente di investigare le
principali caratteristiche morfologiche dei versanti instabili indagati e di determinare le
variazioni morfologiche e gli spostamenti dalla comparazione di nuvole di punti acquisite in
tempi differenti. In seguito, attraverso una tecnica di clustering, il codice permette di
estrapolare i gruppi le zone interessate da spostamenti significativi e calcolarne l’area.
Il tool introdotto è stato testato su due casi di studio contraddistinti da differenti
caratteristiche geologiche e da diversi fenomeni di instabilità: l’ammasso roccioso di San Leo
(RN) e il versante presso l’abitato di Ricasoli (AR). Per entrambi i casi di studio, sono state
individuate e descritte le aree caratterizzate da deformazione superficiale o accumulo di
materiale e le aree caratterizzate da distacco di materiale. Inoltre, sono stati approfonditi i
fattori che influenzano i risultati della change detection tra nuvole di punti. Remote sensing techniques represent a powerful instrument to detect and characterise
earth’s surface processes, especially using change detection approaches. In particular, TLS
(Terrestrial Laser Scanner) and UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) photogrammetry technique
allow to obtain high-resolution representations of the observed scenario as a threedimensional
array of points defined by x, y and z coordinates, namely point cloud. During the
last years, the use of 3D point clouds to investigate the morphological changes occurring over
a range of spatial and temporal scales, is considerably increased.
During the three-years PhD research programme, the effectiveness of point cloud exploitation
for slope characterization and monitoring was tested and evaluated by developing and
applying a semi-automatic MATLAB tool. The proposed tool allows to investigate the main
morphological characteristics of unstable slopes by using point clouds and to point out any
spatio-temporal morphological changes, by comparing point clouds acquired at different
times. Once defined a change detection threshold, the routine permits to execute a cluster
analysis and automatically separate zones characterized by significant distances and compute
their area.
The introduced tool was tested on two test sites characterized by different geological setting
and instability phenomena: the San Leo rock cliff (Rimini province, Emilia Romagna region,
northern Italy) and a clayey slope near Ricasoli village (Arezzo province, Tuscany region,
central Italy). For both case of studies, the main displacement or accumulation zones and
detachment zone were mapped and described. Furthermore, the factors influencing the
change detection results are discussed in details.
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Osasan, Kayode Stephen. "Open-cast mine slope deformation and failure mechanisms interpreted from slope radar monitoring". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12867.
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The monitoring of open-pit mine slopes using radar systems is becoming more and more common. The output from radar monitoring is the displacement of the full slope surface after each radar scan, allowing displacements, velocities and acceleration to be determined. The displacement trends obtained from radar monitoring are a representation of the deformation taking place within the mine slope. The research deals with the analysis of the displacement trends in order to understand the slope deformation behaviour. The main objectives of this research work were:
To interpret the deformation behaviour and failure mechanisms of open-cast mine slopes based primarily on displacement data from radar monitoring; and
To develop a method using the radar displacement data for predicting the time to failure of open-cast mine slopes.
The research established that slope failure is preceded by the gradual accumulation of deformation within the slope. Identifying where the deformation is taking place, the magnitudes and state of the deformation is crucial in understanding and interpreting the slope deformation and failure mechanisms. The main accomplishments of the research include:
The interpretation of deformation and failure mechanisms from radar displacement data of both stable and unstable open-cast mine slopes. The interpretation of deformation was used in classifying the deformation behaviour of unstable open-cast mine slopes into five main stages, consisting of three pre-failure stages and two post-failure stages. From the displacement data, two types of deformation behaviour of stable slopes were also identified;
The development of a simple model for estimating the threshold values for the cumulative rate of displacement. The cumulative rate of displacement threshold determines when mine personnel and equipment must evacuate the unstable area of the slope. The model can also be used to effectively identify the deformation state of open-cast mine slopes; and
The development of a Slope Failure Prediction Model (SFPM) for estimating the time to failure of open-cast mine slopes. The model was effective in predicting the time to failure when validated with four case examples of open cast mine slope failures. The development of the SFPM is a novel approach which provides an automated prediction of time to failure.
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GONG, GUAN-YU y 龔冠宇. "The Study of Monitoring Real-Time of Slope Displacement by Photographic Monitoring". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5d9jzz.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
土木工程與防災科技研究所
105
The slope areas in Taiwan often cause disasters due to nature factors. Through the real-time monitoring could prevent and reduce the damage. The disaster usually happened in a sudden, therefore, how to obtain the actual scene has been an important issue. Among the methods of slope monitoring, photogrammetry has higher flexibility and lower cost. Photogrammetry normally function by cameras capturing high-resolution images and providing high-precision terrain data. However, regular shooting by using cameras couldn’t achieve long-term slopes monitoring. A single camera only presents two-dimensional images, even though the image could be immediately viewing. To allow the camera obtaining the information and status, here in the experiment we will discuss how to set up multiple cameras and establish the best three-dimensional point cloud. This study has developed a set of monitor system to solve the problem above. The study showed the practicality of this system in indoor simulation testing area. Plus, the system would be transferred to the testing area, and completed the pre-operation requirements of cameras. From terms of monitoring experiment, the study select the data of 4th Jun,2017 to analyze the rainfall changing of soil surface in the testing area. By using the point cloud modeling, the study calculated the changing of displacement and slope profile in the testing area.
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Mphathiwa, Naani. "Design principles for a survey slope monitoring system". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11712.
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When slope angles are designed during open pit optimisation, there is a risk factor applied to steepen the slopes. The steepening of slope angles has implications on the safety and economics of the mining operation. The steeper the slope angles, the greater the probability of slope failure and also the higher the benefit of cost saving during waste stripping. The challenge facing the mining engineers involved in open pit design is to maximize the economic benefits of the project without putting the mine workers and the mining equipment at the risk of rock falls. This challenge is addressed by striking a balance between safety of the operation and the cost savings. The ideal situation is to have a slope monitoring system that will predict slope failure by detecting any ground movement before the actual failure occurs. This will allow for the application of the risk factor with a high degree of confidence knowing that the risk will be adequately mitigated with a slope monitoring system.
The objective of this research report is to provide guidelines on how to design an optimal survey slope monitoring system. It is the author’s view that for a survey monitoring system to yield desirable results, it should adhere to survey principles such as working from the whole to part and cross checking always. The research report covers all aspects of the survey monitoring systems such as survey control network design, beacon construction, equipment selection, data management, procedures and personnel involved in slope monitoring. The report was compiled with guidance from published papers by various authors and discussions with mine surveyors and geotechnical engineers involved in slope stability monitoring. The findings used for analysis are from Jwaneng Mine. The design strategy outlined in this report can be used as a guideline for setting up a new slope monitoring system or to optimise an existing monitoring setup.
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Mendes, Filipe Peixoto. "Cost-effective robot for steep slope crops monitoring". Master's thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/122398.
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This project aims to develop a low cost, simple and robust robot able to autonomously monitorcrops using simple sensors. It will be required do develop robotic sub-systems and integrate them with pre-selected mechanical components, electrical interfaces and robot systems (localization, navigation and perception) using ROS, for wine making regions and maize fields.
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Men-YingWang y 王曼穎. "The Monitoring and Analysis of Unsaturated Soil Slope". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45736962207710265088.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
100
In this study, two shallow slope sites had been chosen at Tai-20, to install the monitoring equipment. The soil tensiometer, soil moisture sensor, rain gauge, and inclinometer were installed in these sites. The monitoring data was collected, and the sensors were checked monthly. The relationship of matric suction and volumetric water content can be fit the soil water characteristic curve by the numerical software, MATLAB, in this study. The finite element analysis program, ABAQUS, is used for seepage and stability analysis of the unsaturated slope using the soil water characteristic curve. The fitting result of the relationship between the matric suction and volumetric water content is well agreement with four difference soil water characteristic curve models. Both the numerical analysis and monitoring results show that the volumetric water content of the shallow slopes increased, and the matric suction of shallow slope decreased significantly after rainfalls. The matric suction gradually recovered after cessation of rainfalls. Sliding of the shallow slope begins to occur when the matric suction is decreasing. The monitoring system and the numerical analysis are able to interpret the behavior of the shallow slope after rainfalls.
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Doo, Gee-chau y 杜居巢. "A Study on Monitoring and Interpretation of Slope Movements". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93247749037940574714.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
91
In-situ ground monitoring technique has been used frequently as a direct means for examining the stability of slopes. Ground monitoring activities usually collect a large volume of data of various kinds, which may require special cares in the interpretation of the results. The study herein discusses an example of the interpretation from a long-term ground-monitoring program. The monitoring program has been carried out since March of 2000, in an area located between mileages 28K+900 and 31K+500 along the Province Road 18 (or called Mt. Ali Road). The study discusses the results of inclinometer data based on individual displacements in A and B directions, overall displacements and their azimuths, as well as the possible distortions of the inclinometer tubes. With careful examinations on local variations in the direction and magnitude of the recorded ground deformations, the results appeared to provide a better interpretation on the stratification of material layers and the location of slip surfaces. By comparing with the results of on-site reconnaissance, the study found the source erosion of the south tributary of Doo-zuo Creek along the slope toe has a significantly detrimental effect on the stability of slopes in the study area. Based on on-site situations, the study has set up a device to simulate the deformation of inclinometer tubing within soil strata. The indoor simulation testing was used to examine the magnitude and direction of lateral displacement of soil strata, as well as the distortion of inclinometer tubing. The results of the simulation verified the patterns of measurement on-site, and would provide a basis for interpretation of slope movements from inclinometer data.
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Yeh, Chih-Hsiang y 葉致翔. "An Automatic Information System for Slope Monitoring Using TDR". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21364067610678374090.
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碩士國立交通大學
土木工程系
91
Recently the role which Geotechnical Monitoring System play becomes important gradually in construction business and the capability of slope monitoring sensors are developed and improved with the progression of science and technology. The available traditional instruments are mostly based on electronic sensors and generate digital signals which are certainly capable for automatic motoring. But the automation of tradition instruments is seldom applied due to its high cost and unstable. By using TDR technology, the goals in this reach are to improve the disadvantages and promote the application of automatic monitoring system. TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) monitoring technology can not only solve the problems of current slope monitoring system, but also reduce the cost greatly. TDR device is an electronic machine which can generate one dimension electromagnetic wave. The principles of discontinuous isolating medium and discontinuous geometric interface are applied on slope monitoring engineering. The research is divided by three parts, Data acquisition, Data process, and Networking service respectively. First part of this research, Campbell’s product named “CR10X” is used for collecting TDR raw data and a modem is adopted as remote connection. Second part, a Java program is established for data process and it is the core in this monitoring system. The primary task of this part is to parse monitoring data to database and backup raw data simultaneously. The third part, according to the characteristics of networking, the connection between the main server and client terminals on the internet is desired to be constructed. The main mission of the connection is to access the monitoring system for purposes anytime and anywhere. Conclusively, this study hopes to improve current slope monitoring technology and to reach the state of complete automation.
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Po-YaoHuang y 黃柏堯. "The Installation of Landslide Monitoring of Unsaturated Soil Slope". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98376737170657186157.
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Hsiao, Cheng-Hsi y 蕭承熙. "Development of Wireless Alarm Modules to Railway Slope Monitoring". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tjpe48.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
106
Rock fall is a common geo-disaster that threatens people’s properties and lives in Taiwan. For the sake of train safety, a rock fall protection fence, named ultra-light fence, was built along a slope where a railway track is passing by. Sensors with on-board gyroscope and accelerometer were installed and placed on the posts of the fence to record the tilt angle of the rock fall protection fence. The data were analyzed and uploaded to Internet in real time, and applied in websites and Apps. When the data reaches the threshold, alarm signals will be sent out in terms of light, sound, and text message, etc.
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Chen, Jie-Wen y 陳玠文. "A Study on Mechanism of Slide through Slope Monitoring System". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13178142926508617895.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
89
A Study on Mechanism of Slide through Slope Monitoring System Taiwan is located in the conjunction area between Eurasia Plate and Philippine Sea Plate. As a result, the geology condition of the island is complex and the earthquake activity is frequent. In addition, Taiwan is subjected to a great amount of rainfalls each year; most of them are concentrated in the summer season. Due to the inherited reasons as well as other human factors, the hill slopes in the island are vulnerable and landslide incidents occurred occasionally. Despite the causes may be complicated, it is worthwhile to study the mechanism and the inter-related factors of any potential landslides by the installation of proper monitoring measures. Once the mechanism can be fully understood, a simple and practical warning system can be set up and unnecessary losses can be mitigated. Typhoon Herbert swept the entire island and brought abundance of rainfalls at the end of July 1996. During that time, significant landslides occurred in a hilly area (50 ha), called “Woo-Wan-Tzai” of Chiai County, which had caused lots of subsidence and cracks of a local main traffic artery, Province Road No.18, between the mileage 28K+900 and 31K+500. The study has initiated since the beginning of 2000 by installing several slope monitoring equipment and providing persistent monitoring of ground movements, groundwater conditions and rainfalls. With the aid of theoretical analysis and laboratory testing, the study found the relation between the slope movements and the rainfall, as well as the groundwater conditions are intimated. The monitoring results showed the natural creep of the hill slopes can be up to 0.015-0.400 mm/day, with no obvious rainfall being recorded. If slope movement increases noticeably, the required accumulated rainfall should be at least about 100-270mm. The study concluded the mechanism of slide for the mid and southern slopes was attributed to the infiltration of rainfall, which tended to increase the driving force and soften the shear resistance of the sliding mass due to soaking. In addition, the increase of groundwater level further decreased the effective stress and hence the shearing resistance along the sliding surface. However, rainfall had less effects on the fluctuation of groundwater lever in the northern slopes. The movements of these slopes were mainly due to the increase of driving weight and the softening of shear resistance of sliding mass as the results of rain water infiltration.
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Thomas, Huw Gareth. "Slope stability prism monitoring: a guide for practising mine surveyors". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/10456.
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In designing an open pit mine to optimise an orebody, numerous considerations are made. These include geological, geotechnical, mining method and equipment selection considerations. To achieve the optimisation of an orebody depends on sound mine design principles and adherence to the mining sequence with employee’s health and safety being of paramount importance. Mining steeper slope angles for economic gain, mining slope angles steeper than design or ignoring the presence of weak geological structures may seriously increase the likelihood of slope instability leading to slope failure and possible mineral loss (sterilisation), property damage, mine closure, accidents and fatalities. It is not the objective of slope design to eliminate all slope instability, as slope failures can prove desirable to verify design assumptions. Slope failures are desirable as long as they can be predicted and managed and that the risk to personnel, equipment and production is mitigated to a tolerable level. Slope stability monitoring is an important tool in confirming the mine design. Slope stability monitoring in the field of mine surveying has ensured the continuous advancement of state-of-the-art spatial measurement technology and techniques. Today’s survey instruments enable the mine surveyor to measure slope movement to a high degree of accuracy and with confidence. It is essential that the slope stability monitoring equipment selected is capable of measuring the degree of movement as determined by the geotechnical engineer. The requirements for a slope stability monitoring system are outlined in this research report with guidelines for establishing and maintaining a slope stability monitoring system. The guidelines have been compiled based on the findings of operational reviews of slope stability monitoring systems. This research report should serve as a reference to mine surveyors involved in slope stability monitoring, focusing primarily on prism monitoring.
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Li, Chia-Ming y 李嘉銘. "The Study on Slope Slip Monitoring by Continual Close-Range Image". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31318061684675166037.
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碩士逢甲大學
環境資訊科技碩士學位學程
97
This road in Taiwan mountainous area, slope slip can directly affect the driving security. In this research, we use establish the CCD camera to do continuously photograph make mountainous area road slope monitoring in the road slope high place position, mainly selects the method which the single camera continuously photographs to do fast continuously obtains the image material. Retrieve the different time two images bigger differences quantity in the image which the single camera continuously photographs, uses the "time-base-line-parallax" to get the difference quantity in the different time, and automatically detects the image difference eigenvalue. Considered that the camera possibly has the inclined situation, is distinguishes the camera incline situation by the space resection. And discusses between its different because of the control point the geometry relations, calculates tendency of the side slope glide. In this research, designs the image slope slip monitoring system, we hoped can achieve approaches request which near realtime cognoscible, provides using of the mountainous area slope slip monitoring.
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Yu, Tzu-Ming y 余子鳴. "Monitoring Technology Automation and Permeability Measurement of Unsaturated Colluvium Soil Slope". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19062632237243579074.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
98
In Taiwan, the reservoir watersheds are often located in a high rainfall intensity region where the colluvium soil slope is weak and unstable. Landslide takes place frequently in such geology conditions. Therefore, preventing the landslide is worthy of further study. Using an automatic monitoring system is an essential method to assess the slope condition and provide early warning. The colluvium soil is usually unsaturated and locates above the groundwater table. This study adopts the Guelph permeameter to measure the permeability of colluvium soils that located on a slope nearby the Shihmen reservoir. In addition, the rainfall intensity in this region is monitored to study the relationship between the rainfall data and soil hydraulic conductivity. Further, the matric suction of unsaturated soil is evaluated by a monitoring system. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the operational characteristics of the system. The advantages and shortcomings of each monitor device are then discussed. The results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the unsaturated colluvium soil varies at various rainfall intensities. In addition, this conductivity and the field water content are closely related. Systematic measurement indicates that the length of the transmission line also affects the noise of electronic signals. Moreover, the tensiometer and water mark used for measuring the matric suction of the soil exhibit different behavior at different soil water contents. At low water content or for dry soil, the porous ceramic probe of tensiometer becomes unsaturated and then malfunctioned. The water mark system does not encounter this problem. On the other hand, at high soil water content the water mark cannot correctly measure the matric suction. The tensiometer, in contrast, can clearly indicate its variations.