Artículos de revistas: "Sleep timing"

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Wescott, D. L., K. D. Dickman, P. L. Franzen, B. P. Hasler y K. A. Roecklein. "1091 The Effects Of Sleep Duration, Timing, And Depressed Mood On Daily Eating Patterns". Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (abril de 2020): A415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1086.

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Abstract Introduction Insufficient sleep, circadian misalignment, and altered eating patterns are linked to depression. Despite the temporal association between the sleep/wake and feed/fast cycles, it is unclear how depression severity influences this relationship. Methods Sixty-eight participants ages 18-65 years across the depression continuum wore an Actiwatch for 5-17 nights and reported daily meal times (730 nights total). Multilevel models tested previous night’s sleep timing and duration as predictors of the length of the next day’s eating window. Within-person sleep duration and timing were entered as Level 1 predictors to account for nightly variation in sleep. Between-person sleep duration and timing were entered as Level 2 predictors. A three-way interaction between depression severity and Level 2 sleep duration/timing was entered. Covariates included age, gender, and day (weeknight/weekend). Results Across participants, average later sleep timing predicted a longer eating window (Β= -.222; p =.005). Earlier sleep timing (Β= -.186; p < .001) and shorter sleep duration(Β= -.103; p < .001) relative to a person’s average each predicted a longer next-day eating window. A three-way interaction was found between sleep duration, timing, and depression (Β= -.159; p = .002). At shorter sleep durations, individuals with higher depression severity had a positive relationship between sleep timing and eating window length, and individuals with low depression had a negative relationship between sleep timing and eating window length. Conclusion At shorter sleep durations (< 6.5 hr), individuals with high depression and later sleep timing or low depression and early sleep timing had the longest eating windows, which have been linked to adverse metabolic health. Future experiments should test short sleep duration, sleep timing, and depression as potential causes of lengthened eating windows to determine if targeting sleep duration and timing could improve adverse metabolic markers in depression. Support NIMH K.A.R. MH103303

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AKERSTEDT, TORBJORRN, KEN HUME, DAVID MINORS y JIM WATERHOUSE. "Good sleep - its timing and physiological sleep characteristics". Journal of Sleep Research 6, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1997): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.1997.00221.x.

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Randler, Christoph. "Sleep, sleep timing and chronotype in animal behaviour". Animal Behaviour 94 (agosto de 2014): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.05.001.

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Jeon, Bomin y Eileen Chasens. "661 Chronotype, Mood, and Diabetes-Related Distress in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 de mayo de 2021): A258—A259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.659.

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Abstract Introduction Chronotype refers to an individual’s preferred timing of sleep and wakefulness, which can be classified as ‘normal’ or ‘late’ chronotypes. The purpose of this study was to examine whether late sleep timing was associated with impaired mood and diabetes-related distress in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods The study is a secondary analysis of pooled cross-sectional baseline data from two studies of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (R01-DK96028) and insomnia (K24-NR016685) in persons with T2D. Sleep timing was measured by the bedtime from a 7-day sleep diary. “Normal” sleep timing was defined as bedtime between 9PM to 12AM ≥ 85% per week. “Late” sleep timing as bedtime after 12AM with normal sleep timing < 85% per week. Other sleep variables evaluated were sleep duration, daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]), and OSA severity (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI]). The Profiles of Mood States measured Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) and the subscales of Tension-Anxiety (T-A), Depression-Dejection (D-D), Anger-Hostility (A-H), Vigor-Activity (V-A), Fatigue-Inertia (F-I), and Confusion-Bewilderment (C-B). Diabetes-related distress was measured by the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID). Hierarchical multiple regression was performed to determine whether sleep timing was associated with mood and diabetes-related distress. Results The sample (N=296) had 61% with late sleep timing (n=181). Persons with normal vs late sleep timing were similar in age, sex, race, and education (p >.05). Persons with late sleep timing were less likely to be partnered, had shorter sleep duration and greater mood impairment (TMD and T-A, D-D, A-H, C-B subscales) than those with normal timing (all p values <.05); there was no significant difference by sleep timing in PAID scores (p=.256). Hierarchical regression analyses adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race, marital status, education level), clinical (HbA1c, BMI), and sleep variables (sleep duration, ESS, AHI) revealed that late sleep timing was not significantly associated with impaired mood (TMD and subscales) or PAID. However, ESS was statistically significant in predicting greater TMD (β=.310, p <.001), mood subscales (all p-values <.05) and PAID (β =.222, p <.001). Conclusion Daytime sleepiness, not late sleep timing, is a significant sleep-related symptom for increased mood impairment and diabetes-related distress in persons with T2D. Support (if any):

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Chaput, Jean-Philippe, Caroline Dutil, Ryan Featherstone, Robert Ross, Lora Giangregorio, Travis J. Saunders, Ian Janssen et al. "Sleep timing, sleep consistency, and health in adults: a systematic review". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, n.º 10 (Suppl. 2) (octubre de 2020): S232—S247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2020-0032.

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The objective of this systematic review was to examine the associations between sleep timing (e.g., bedtime/wake-up time, midpoint of sleep), sleep consistency/regularity (e.g., intra-individual variability in sleep duration, social jetlag, catch-up sleep), and health outcomes in adults aged 18 years and older. Four electronic databases were searched in December 2018 for articles published in the previous 10 years. Fourteen health outcomes were examined. A total of 41 articles, including 92 340 unique participants from 14 countries, met inclusion criteria. Sleep was assessed objectively in 37% of studies and subjectively in 63% of studies. Findings suggest that later sleep timing and greater sleep variability were generally associated with adverse health outcomes. However, because most studies reported linear associations, it was not possible to identify thresholds for “late sleep timing” or “large sleep variability”. In addition, social jetlag was associated with adverse health outcomes, while weekend catch-up sleep was associated with better health outcomes. The quality of evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” across study designs and health outcomes using GRADE. In conclusion, the available evidence supports that earlier sleep timing and regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times are favourably associated with health. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019119534.) Novelty This is the first systematic review to examine the influence of sleep timing and sleep consistency on health outcomes. Later sleep timing and greater variability in sleep are both associated with adverse health outcomes in adults. Regularity in sleep patterns with consistent bedtimes and wake-up times should be encouraged.

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Duffy, Jeanne F., Jamie M. Zeitzer, David W. Rimmer, Elizabeth B. Klerman, Derk-Jan Dijk y Charles A. Czeisler. "Peak of circadian melatonin rhythm occurs later within the sleep of older subjects". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 282, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2002): E297—E303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00268.2001.

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We investigated the relationship between sleep timing and the timing of the circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin secretion in a group of healthy young and older subjects without sleep complaints. The timing of sleep and the phase of the circadian melatonin rhythm were earlier in the older subjects. The relationship between the plasma melatonin rhythm and the timing of sleep was such that the older subjects were sleeping and waking earlier relative to their nightly melatonin secretory episode. Consequently, the older subjects were waking at a time when they had higher relative melatonin levels, in contrast with younger subjects, whose melatonin levels were relatively lower by wake time. Our findings indicate that aging is associated not only with an advance of sleep timing and the timing of circadian rhythms but also with a change in the internal phase relationship between the sleep-wake cycle and the output of the circadian pacemaker. In healthy older subjects, the relative timing of the melatonin rhythm with respect to sleep may not play a causal role in sleep disruption.

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Wirz-Justice, A. "S27-01 - Sleep timing and sleep manipulation as antidepressants". European Psychiatry 25 (2010): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(10)70091-2.

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MacPherson, A. R., D. Schreiber, J. L. Imel y N. D. Dautovich. "0728 Sleep Timing, Not Sleep Duration, Predicts Breakfast Intake". Sleep 41, suppl_1 (abril de 2018): A270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy061.727.

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Jansen, Erica C., Ana Baylin, Alejandra Cantoral, Martha María Téllez Rojo, Helen J. Burgess, Louise M. O'Brien, Libni Torres Olascoaga y Karen E. Peterson. "Dietary Patterns in Relation to Prospective Sleep Duration and Timing among Mexico City Adolescents". Nutrients 12, n.º 8 (31 de julio de 2020): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082305.

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Adult studies show that healthy diet patterns relate to better sleep. However, evidence during adolescence, when sleep may change dramatically, is lacking. Within a cohort of 458 Mexican adolescents, we examined whether consumption of three dietary patterns was associated with sleep duration and timing measured 2 years later, as well as changes in sleep timing and duration. Dietary patterns (identified a posteriori in a prior analysis) were assessed with a baseline food frequency questionnaire, and sleep was measured with wrist actigraphy at baseline and follow-up. Linear regression analyses adjusting for sex, age, screen time, and smoking were conducted. Adolescents with higher consumption of a Plant-Based and Lean Proteins pattern had earlier sleep timing (−0.45 h with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) −0.81, −0.08 in the highest compared to lowest quartiles), less of a phase delay in sleep timing over follow-up (−0.39 h with 95% CI −0.80, 0.02), and shorter weekend sleep duration (0.5 h with 95% CI −0.88, −0.1). Higher consumption of an Eggs, Milk and Refined Grain pattern was associated with earlier sleep timing (−0.40 h with 95% CI −0.77, −0.04), while consumption of a Meat and Starchy pattern was related to higher social jetlag (weekend–weekday sleep timing difference). Healthier diet patterns may promote better sleep in adolescents.

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Baron, K., L. Bardsley, K. J. Reid, L. F. Wolfe, M. Buman, M. Toledo y P. C. Zee. "0060 Role Of Circadian Timing and Alignment In The Timing And Intensity Of Physical Activity". Sleep 41, suppl_1 (abril de 2018): A24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy061.059.

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Jessen, Elena, Celine Vetter, Till Roenneberg, Klaus-Peter Liesenkötter, Helene Werner, Oskar Jenni, Erwin Lankes et al. "Sleep Timing in Patients with Precocious and Delayed Pubertal Development". Clocks & Sleep 1, n.º 1 (16 de febrero de 2019): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep1010013.

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Previous studies have reported a shift in the timing of sleep during adolescence toward a later time. To date, it is unclear whether hormonal changes during puberty might contribute to this change in sleeping behavior. We systematically assessed pubertal development and sleep timing in a cross-sectional case-control study in girls with precocious (n = 42) and boys with delayed pubertal development (n = 19). We used the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire and the Children’s ChronoType Questionnaire to assess sleep timing in patients and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 309) and used the midpoint of sleep on free days, corrected for potential sleep debt accumulated during the school week, as a marker for sleep timing. Compared to the controls, girls with central precocious puberty showed a delay in sleep timing of 54 min, and girls with premature pubarche slept on average 30 min later. Male adolescents with delayed pubertal development showed an average sleep midpoint that was 40 min earlier compared to the control group. The results of this pilot study suggest an association between pubertal onset and shifts in sleep timing, which is a novel finding in human sleep behavior. Prospective studies in larger cohorts will be needed to examine the robustness and generalizability of the findings.

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Van Reen, Eliza, Leila Tarokh, Tracy L. Rupp, Ron Seifer y Mary A. Carskadon. "Does Timing of Alcohol Administration Affect Sleep?" Sleep 34, n.º 2 (febrero de 2011): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.2.195.

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Hamilton, J. L., T. R. Goldstein, C. Sewall, J. Zelazny, N. Rode, B. Gibbons y P. L. Franzen. "1000 Social Media Use And Actigraphic Measures Of Sleep Timing Among High-risk Adolescents". Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (abril de 2020): A379—A380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.996.

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Abstract Introduction Social media use is a risk factor for poor sleep among adolescents. It remains unclear whether social media use before bed impacts later sleep timing or whether youth turn to social media because of sleep problems, which impacts sleep timing. No study to date has examined this relationship using prospective designs and objective sleep measures among high-risk adolescents, who may be particularly vulnerable to social media use. Methods As a preliminary test of this relationship, 25 adolescents and young adults in an intensive outpatient program for depression and suicidality completed baseline measures of social media use and wore actiwatches for up to three months. Social media use included: 1) minutes of use within 2 hours of going to sleep, and 2) frequency of social media use due to difficulty falling or staying asleep. To examine social media as a predictor of sleep timing over the next month, actigraphic measures of sleep timing (i.e., onset) were used in the first month after baseline. Results Multilevel modeling indicated that higher levels of social media use in the 2 hours before bed (mean = 46.94 minutes) predicted later sleep timing (B = .02; SE = .01; p= .003). Similarly, higher frequency of social media use due to perceived sleep problems predicted later sleep timing (B = .22; SE = .11; p= .04). Models covaried for age, gender, and prior-day depressed mood. When simultaneously entered, only minutes of social media use in the 2 hours before bed significantly predicted later sleep timing. Conclusion Findings suggest that the relationship between social media use and sleep timing among adolescents with depression and suicidality may be driven by both social media use before bed and media use due to sleep problems. Research assessing objective social media use and daily relationships are needed to further disentangle this relationship. Support Jessica L Hamilton is supported by a T32 fellowship from NHLBI (HL082610; PI: Buysse). This research is supported by grants from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention and University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute.

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GIRARD, TODD A. y J. ALLAN CHEYNE. "Timing of spontaneous sleep-paralysis episodes". Journal of Sleep Research 15, n.º 2 (junio de 2006): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00512.x.

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Born, Jan, Kirsten Hansen, Lisa Marshall, Matthias Mölle y Horst L. Fehm. "Timing the end of nocturnal sleep". Nature 397, n.º 6714 (enero de 1999): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/16166.

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Rogers, Michelle, Alison M. Coates y Siobhan Banks. "Meal timing, sleep, and cardiometabolic outcomes". Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research 18 (junio de 2021): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2021.03.006.

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Swaminathan, Krithika, Elizabeth B. Klerman y Andrew J. K. Phillips. "Are Individual Differences in Sleep and Circadian Timing Amplified by Use of Artificial Light Sources?" Journal of Biological Rhythms 32, n.º 2 (abril de 2017): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730417699310.

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Within the human population, there is large interindividual variability in the timing of sleep and circadian rhythms. This variability has been attributed to individual differences in sleep physiology, circadian physiology, and/or light exposure. Recent experimental evidence suggests that the latter is necessary to evoke large interindividual differences in sleep and circadian timing. We used a validated model of human sleep and circadian physiology to test the hypothesis that intrinsic differences in sleep and circadian timing are amplified by self-selected use of artificial light sources. We tested the model under 2 conditions motivated by an experimental study (Wright et al., 2013): (1) a “natural” light cycle, and (2) a “realistic” light cycle that included attenuation of light due to living indoors when natural light levels are high and use of electric light when natural light levels are low. Within these conditions, we determined the relationship between intrinsic circadian period (within the range of 23.7-24.6 h) and timing of sleep onset, sleep offset, and circadian rhythms. In addition, we simulated a work week, with fixed wake time for 5 days and free sleep times on weekends. Under both conditions, a longer intrinsic period resulted in later sleep and circadian timing. Compared to the natural condition, the realistic condition evoked more than double the variation in sleep timing across the physiological range of intrinsic circadian periods. Model predictions closely matched data from the experimental study. We found that if the intrinsic circadian period was long (>24.2 h) under the realistic condition, there was significant mismatch in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends, which is known as social jetlag. These findings indicate that individual tendencies to have very delayed schedules can be greatly amplified by self-selected modifications to the natural light/dark cycle. This has important implications for therapeutic treatment of advanced or delayed sleep phase disorders.

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Chung, Nikola, Yu Sun Bin, Peter A. Cistulli y Chin Moi Chow. "Does the Proximity of Meals to Bedtime Influence the Sleep of Young Adults? A Cross-Sectional Survey of University Students". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 8 (14 de abril de 2020): 2677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082677.

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Avoiding food before bedtime is a widely accepted sleep hygiene practice, yet few studies have assessed meal timing as a risk factor for disrupted sleep. This study examined the relationship between evening meal timing and sleep quality in young adults. A total of N = 793 participants (26% male) aged between 18 and 29 years responded to an online survey, which captured sociodemographic information, lifestyle variables, and sleep characteristics. Meal timing was defined as meals more than 3 h before or within 3 h of bedtime. The outcomes were as follows: one or more nocturnal awakenings, sleep onset latency of >30 min, and sleep duration of ≤6 h. Logistic regression analyses showed that eating within 3 h of bedtime was positively associated with nocturnal awakening (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.15–2.27) but not long sleep onset latency (1.24; 0.89–1.73) or short sleep duration (0.79; 0.49–1.26). The relationship remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders of ethnicity and body mass index (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.00–2.04). Meal timing appears to be a modifiable risk factor for nocturnal awakenings and disrupted sleep. However, this is a preliminary cross-sectional study and highlights the need for additional research on the influence of the timing of food intake on sleep.

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Reis, Cátia, Luísa K. Pilz, Lena Katharina Keller, Teresa Paiva y Till Roenneberg. "Social timing influences sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders". Sleep Medicine 71 (julio de 2020): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.019.

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Chang, Anne-Marie, Kathryn J. Reid, Ramadevi Gourineni y Phyllis C. Zee. "Sleep Timing and Circadian Phase in Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome". Journal of Biological Rhythms 24, n.º 4 (22 de julio de 2009): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730409339611.

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Pande, Babita, Meenakshi Sinha y Ramanjan Sinha. "229 Sleep-wake behavior, meal timings and digital media duration of Indians during COVID-19 Lockdown". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 de mayo de 2021): A91—A92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.228.

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Abstract Introduction Lockdown and stay home order has been imposed on people in many countries including India to prevent the community transmission of COVID-19 pandemic. However this social restriction led to disturbed daily routine and lifestyle behaviour that is needed to be attended for proper therapeutic management of overall health during such crisis. The impact of lockdown on the most apparent behavioral changes viz. sleep-wake behaviour, major meal timings, and digital screen duration of Indians were investigated. In addition the effects of gender and age were explored. Methods After seeking permission from Ethical Institution, an online questionnaire based survey was circulated within India in the first week of May, 2020 for which total 1511 male and female (age ≥18 years) subjects participated. The sleep-wake behavior observed were sleep-wake timings, sleep duration, mid sleep time (MST) as function of lockdown, and social (lockdown) jetlag (SJL = MST before lockdown-MST during lockdown). Results The sleep onset-wakeup and meal times were significantly delayed during lockdown, which was more pronounced in younger age group. The sleep duration increased, specifically in young individuals during lockdown. Females showed more delayed sleep onset-waking times and first meal timing with longer sleep duration during lockdown. Increased digital media duration was observed in all age groups, primarily in males. The younger age group and specifically female reported higher SJL and delayed MST. A positive association was obtained between sleep duration & first meal time, and SJL & major meal timings/screen duration, and a significant negative relationship of sleep duration and SJL with age. Conclusion The study shows delayed sleep-wake schedule, meal timings and increased digital media duration among Indians during COVID-19 lockdown compared to before lockdown. Also, gender and age emerged as important mediating factors for this alteration. The pandemic has given opportunity to sleep more and compensate for the sleep. In spite of that, the higher social jetlag in young age group and female showed the compromised sleep and maladaption with societal timing. These findings have applied implications in sleep health during longer social isolation conditions and for proper therapeutic management. Support (if any) No

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Chen, Bo-chiuan, Dong-Chul Seo, Hsien-Chang Lin y David Crandall. "Framework for estimating sleep timing from digital footprints". BMJ Innovations 4, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2018): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2018-000274.

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ObjectiveWe propose a method that estimates sleep timing from publicly observable activity on online social network sites. The method has the potential to minimise participant-related biases, does not require specialised equipment and can be applied to a large population.Materials and methodsWe propose a framework that estimates midpoints of habitual sleep time from activity records on a social media—Twitter. We identified sets of before-bedtime and after-wake-up tweets that marked the periods of reduced Twitter activity, which we use as a proxy of sleep. We then estimated the timing of sleep by deriving the median among midpoints of paired before-bedtime and after-wake-up tweets. Visualisations and examples of our estimates comparing sleep timing of users from different countries are provided.DiscussionInitial results suggest that the proposed framework could detect differences in sleep timing among user groups of different countries. The proposed framework may be a cost-efficient complement for future research regarding sleep-related health concerns. Researchers and practitioners may benefit from accessing habitual sleep data. While validation is still required prior to actual applications, the proposed framework may be a first step towards a convenient and cost-efficient complement to currently available methods.

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Hanlon, Erin, Wajdey Nesheiwat, Stephanie Sintetas, Eve Van Cauter y Kristen Knutson. "019 A Simple, Objective Estimate of Dietary Timing as a Circadian Biomarker". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 de mayo de 2021): A9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.018.

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Abstract Introduction The importance of diet for health has been recognized for centuries, yet, the focus has mostly been on what someone eats. Recently, however, focus has expanded to include when someone eats. Experimental studies that manipulated timing of food intake demonstrated effects on metabolic function. Most population-based studies have had to rely on self-reported methods to assess dietary behavior, including food logs or dietary recall, but self-report is subjective, error-prone, and burdensome. The goal of this analysis was to identify an objective estimate of dietary timing in clock time format. Further, we planned to examine whether sleep “chronotype” and this dietary “chronotype” are correlated. Methods We used continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), which involves inserting a small sensor into the back of a participant’s upper arm. It measures interstitial glucose levels every 5 minutes continuously for up to 2 weeks. We had 13 participants wear a CGM device for 2–10 days. We characterized dietary timing by simply identifying the clock time at which glucose levels were the highest. We identified this time point for each day and then calculated the mean clock time for each participant. Participants also wore wrist actigraphy for approximately one week and we calculated mean sleep start, sleep end, and midpoint times. We calculated intervals between highest glucose and sleep timing measures. Results The mean time of highest glucose was 16:57 (SD 3:05) and ranged from 11:16 to 22:27. The mean (SD) intervals were 10.4 (2.9) hours for sleep end to highest glucose, 13.5 (2.8) hours for midpoint to highest glucose, and 5.8 (2.8) hours for highest glucose to sleep start. The correlations between highest glucose and sleep timing were .13 (p=.70) for sleep start, .05 (p=.88) for sleep end, and -.19 (p=.55) for midpoint. Conclusion There was a wide range in the timing of highest glucose values in this sample, Further, the timing of highest glucose does not correlate with sleep timing, which indicates that these two timing measures are not redundant with one another. The timing of highest glucose from CGM may provide an objective, simple circadian biomarker of dietary behavior. Support (if any) P01A1011412-18A1

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Mathew, Gina, David Reichenberger, Orfeu Buxton, Lauren Hale y Anne-Marie Chang. "140 Short and Long Sleep Duration, Poor Sleep Quality, and Later Sleep are Associated with Lower Odds of Adolescents Eating Breakfast". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 de mayo de 2021): A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.139.

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Abstract Introduction Sleep health is linked to dietary choices, and skipping breakfast is associated with risk of negative health outcomes in adolescents. However, there is a lack of research on whether dimensions of sleep at night predict adolescents eating breakfast the next day. We investigated within- and between-person associations of multiple aspects of sleep with adolescent breakfast consumption. Methods Data were collected from a subset of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=590). Teens wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week (mean=5.9 days). Surveys assessed subjective sleep quality (low–high) and consumption of breakfast (no/yes). Mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep timing (onset, midpoint, and offset) and subjective sleep quality predicted odds of breakfast consumption in both within- and between-person models. A curvilinear association between sleep duration and breakfast consumption was also assessed. Irregularity of sleep duration and timing were tested as additional predictors, calculated as SD per person (in between-person models only). Analyses included random intercepts for participants and covariates: school day, boredom, loneliness, happiness, depressive symptoms, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and household income. Results Within-person analyses revealed a significant curvilinear association between sleep duration and breakfast consumption, such that on nights when teens slept shorter or longer than their average, they had lower odds of eating breakfast the next day (p=.005). Additionally, on nights when teens had a later sleep midpoint or offset than their usual, they tended to skip breakfast the next day (both p<.05). Between-person models showed that teens who on average had later sleep timing (onset, midpoint, and offset) and who reported lower sleep quality had lower odds of eating breakfast (all p<.04). Lastly, teens with greater irregularity of sleep duration and sleep timing (midpoint and offset) had lower odds of eating breakfast (all p<.009). Conclusion Findings indicate that multiple dimensions of adolescent sleep health, including long and short sleep duration, later sleep timing, and poorer sleep quality, are associated with lower odds of eating breakfast. These sleep and dietary behaviors in adolescence may consequently impact future metabolic health. Support (if any) R01HD073352

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Chung, J., M. O. Goodman, T. Huang, M. Wallace, S. Bertisch, D. Johnson y S. Redline. "0363 Racial/Ethnic Differences in Actigraphy, Questionnaire, and Polysomnography-Measured Indicators of Sleep Health and Sleep Quality: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis". Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (abril de 2020): A138—A139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.360.

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Abstract Introduction Paradigm shifts in sleep research suggest the importance of considering multi-dimensional sleep health, compared to single metrics, to promote physical and mental well-being and to understand racial/ethnic disparities in sleep. Methods We used data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 1,740) to create a Sleep Health Score (SHS), including questionnaire (quality, sleepiness); 7-day actigraphy (total sleep time, sleep continuity [sleep maintenance efficiency], timing consistency [midpoint variability], fragmentation, wake after sleep onset, sleep onset latency); and in-home polysomnography (%N3 sleep, %REM sleep, AHI). Sleep parameters were dichotomized based on prior literature or by healthiest quartile(s), with positive values denoting healthier sleep (e.g. Epworth scores < 10). All 11 dichotomized parameters were summed to calculate the SHS (mean=4.9, sd=1.58). We used modified Poisson and linear regression for individual sleep outcomes and the SHS, respectively, adjusting for age and sex. Results The sample was older (mean age=68.28, sd=9.08) and 54% female. SHSs were associated with Black race (β=-0.60 [-0.78, -0.42]) and Hispanic ethnicity (β=-0.40 [-0.59, -0.21]), but not Chinese ethnicity (β=-0.16 [-0.41, 0.08]). Compared to Whites (n=644), Blacks (n=485) showed lower adjusted probability of obtaining favorable levels of: sleep continuity, fragmentation, timing consistency, alertness/sleepiness, and sleep depth (%N3 sleep). Chinese respondents (n=202) had lower probability of obtaining favorable levels of: sleep continuity and timing consistency, but higher probability of quality. Hispanics (n=409) had lower probability of obtaining healthy levels of: sleep continuity, timing consistency, and fragmentation. Neither healthy total sleep time (middle quartiles) nor AHI (<30) differed by race/ethnicity. Conclusion Among MESA-Sleep participants, summary SHSs were lowest in Blacks, followed by Hispanics. Multiple dimensions of sleep - particularly related to continuity and timing consistency - were less favorable across race/ethnic minority groups. A summary SHS may help monitor sleep health across populations, while measurement of specific sleep components may help identify modifiable targets. Support Joon Chung is supported by a T-32 NIH training grant.

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Wasson, Emily, McDerby Ceneus, Mira Chanowitz, Joanna Kantilierakis, Eytan Mendelow, Jacobo Mosquera y Andrea M. Spaeth. "0144 Exercise Timing and Sleep in Young Adults". Sleep 42, Supplement_1 (abril de 2019): A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz067.143.

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Gillette, Martha U. "Does the SCN Regulate More Than Sleep Timing?" Sleep 27, n.º 7 (1 de octubre de 2004): 1240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/27.7.1240.

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Hisler, G., S. Pedersen, D. Clark, S. Rothenberger y B. Hasler. "0216 Is There a Daily Rhythm in Alcohol Craving and Does It Vary by Circadian Timing?" Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (abril de 2020): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.214.

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Abstract Introduction People with later circadian timing tend to consume more alcohol, potentially due to altered rhythms in when and how much they crave alcohol throughout the day. However, whether circadian factors play a role in alcohol craving has received scant attention. Here, we investigated if the daily rhythm of alcohol craving varied by circadian timing in two independent studies of late adolescent and young adult drinkers. Methods In Study 1, 32 participants (18–22 years of age; 61% female; 69% White) completed momentary reports of alcohol craving five times a day for 14 days. Participants wore wrist actigraphs and completed two in-lab assessments of dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Average actigraphically-assessed midpoint of sleep on weekends and average DLMO were used as indicators of circadian timing. In Study 2, 231 participants (21–35 years of age; 28% female; 71% White) completed momentary reports of alcohol craving six times a day for 10 days. Average midpoint of self-reported time-in-bed on weekends was used to estimate circadian timing. Results Multilevel cosinor analysis revealed a 24-hour daily rhythm in alcohol craving which was moderated by circadian timing in both studies (p’s<0.05). In both Study 1 and 2, people with later circadian timing had a later timed peak of craving. In Study 1, but not Study 2, later circadian timing predicted a blunted amplitude in craving. Conclusion Findings support a daily rhythm in craving that varies by individual differences in circadian timing. Because craving is an important predictor of future alcohol use, the findings implicate circadian factors as a useful area to advance alcohol research and potentially improve interventions. Support R21AA023209; R01DA044143; K01AA021135; ABMRF/The Foundation for Alcohol Research.

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Hagen, Erika W., Jodi H. Barnet, Lauren Hale y Paul E. Peppard. "Changes in Sleep Duration and Sleep Timing Associated with Retirement Transitions". Sleep 39, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2016): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5548.

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Monk, Timothy H., Daniel J. Buysse, Kathy S. Kennedy, Jaime M. Potts, Jean M. DeGrazia y Jean M. Miewald. "Measuring Sleep Habits Without Using a Diary: The Sleep Timing Questionnaire". Sleep 26, n.º 2 (marzo de 2003): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/26.2.208.

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Zerón-Rugerio, María Fernanda, Giovana Longo-Silva, Álvaro Hernáez, Ana Eugenia Ortega-Regules, Trinitat Cambras y Maria Izquierdo-Pulido. "The Elapsed Time between Dinner and the Midpoint of Sleep Is Associated with Adiposity in Young Women". Nutrients 12, n.º 2 (5 de febrero de 2020): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020410.

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Meal timing relative to sleep/wake schedules is relevant in the search for obesity risk factors. However, clock time does not accurately characterize the timing of food intake in the context of internal circadian timing. Therefore, we studied elapsed between dinner and the midpoint of sleep (TDM) as a practical approach to evaluate meal timing relative to internal timing, and its implications on obesity. To do so, adiposity, sleep, diet, physical activity, and TDM were measured in 133 women. The participants were grouped into four categories according to their sleep timing behavior (early-bed/early-rise; early-bed/late-rise; late-bed/early-rise; late-bed/late-rise). Differences among the categories were tested using ANOVA, while restricted cubic splines were calculated to study the association between TDM and adiposity. Our results show that, although participants had dinner at about the same time, those that had the shortest TDM (early-bed/early-rise group) were found to have significantly higher BMI and waist circumference values (2.3 kg/m2 and 5.2 cm) than the other groups. In addition, a TDM of 6 h was associated with the lowest values of adiposity. The TDM could be a practical approach to personalizing meal timing based on individual sleep/wake schedules. Thus, according to our findings, dining 6 h before the midpoint of sleep is an important finding and could be vital for future nutritional recommendations and for obesity prevention and treatment.

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Prayag, Abhishek, Mirjam Münch, Daniel Aeschbach, Sarah Chellappa y Claude Gronfier. "Light Modulation of Human Clocks, Wake, and Sleep". Clocks & Sleep 1, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 2019): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep1010017.

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Light, through its non-imaging forming effects, plays a dominant role on a myriad of physiological functions, including the human sleep–wake cycle. The non-image forming effects of light heavily rely on specific properties such as intensity, duration, timing, pattern, and wavelengths. Here, we address how specific properties of light influence sleep and wakefulness in humans through acute effects, e.g., on alertness, and/or effects on the circadian timing system. Of critical relevance, we discuss how different characteristics of light exposure across the 24-h day can lead to changes in sleep–wake timing, sleep propensity, sleep architecture, and sleep and wake electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra. Ultimately, knowledge on how light affects sleep and wakefulness can improve light settings at home and at the workplace to improve health and well-being and optimize treatments of chronobiological disorders.

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Zhu, Liwei, Dexin Meng, Xiaohan Ma, Jing Guo y Li Mu. "Sleep timing and hygiene practices of high bedtime procrastinators: a direct observational study". Family Practice 37, n.º 6 (12 de agosto de 2020): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaa079.

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Abstract Background Bedtime procrastination (BP) has been proven to be an important indicator of sleep insufficiency from a psychological perspective. However, the effect of BP on sleep patterns related to sleep deficiency remains unknown. Objective This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of self-reported sleep timing and hygiene practices between high and low-moderate bedtime procrastinators. It also aimed to examine the relationship between these characteristics and high level of BP. Methods A total of 391 Chinese college students were recruited for this study. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics, sleep timing variables, the Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale (SHPS) and the Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS). Results High bedtime procrastinators were more likely to have higher SHPS global and subdomain scores (Ps < 0.001). They also were more likely to exhibit later sleep onset, sleep offset and rise time on both weekdays and weekends (Ps < 0.01). The significant independent determinant factors of the prevalence of high BP were: SHPS total score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, P < 0.001], arousal-related behaviour (OR = 1.07, P = 0.007), sleep schedule and timing (OR = 1.12, P < 0.001) and sleep onset on weekdays (OR = 2.65, P < 0.001). Conclusions High bedtime procrastinators showed maladaptive sleep-related variables, which mainly manifested as changes in arousal-related behaviour and sleep schedule and timing, as well as delays in sleep onset time on weekdays. The findings could help guide the formulation of appropriate interventions in primary health care.

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Hehr, Aneesh, Hilary A. Marusak, Edward D. Huntley y Christine A. Rabinak. "Effects of Duration and Midpoint of Sleep on Corticolimbic Circuitry in Youth". Chronic Stress 3 (enero de 2019): 247054701985633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547019856332.

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Introduction Adequate sleep is essential for cognitive and emotion-related functioning, and 9 to 12 hr of sleep is recommended for children ages 6 to 12 years and 8 to 10 hr for children ages 13 to 18 years. However, national survey data indicate that older youth sleep for fewer hours and fall asleep later than younger youth. This shift in sleep duration and timing corresponds with a sharp increase in onset of emotion-related problems (e.g., anxiety, depression) during adolescence. Given that both sleep duration and timing have been linked to emotion-related outcomes, the present study tests the effects of sleep duration and timing, and their interaction, on resting-state functional connectivity (RS-FC) of corticolimbic emotion-related neural circuitry in children and adolescents. Methods A total of 63 children and adolescents (6–17 years, 34 females) completed a weekend overnight sleep journal and a 10-min resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan the next day (Sunday). Whole-brain RS-FC of the amygdala was computed, and the effects of sleep duration, timing (i.e., midpoint of sleep), and their interaction were explored using regression analyses. Results Overall, we found that older youth tended to sleep later and for fewer hours than younger youth. Controlling for age, shorter sleep duration was associated with lower RS-FC between the amygdala and regions implicated in emotion regulation, including ventral anterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, and superior temporal gyrus. Interestingly, midpoint of sleep was associated with altered connectivity in a distinct set of brain regions involved in interoception and sensory processing, including insula, supramarginal gyrus, and postcentral gyrus. Our data also indicate widespread interactive effects of sleep duration and midpoint on brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, sensory processing, and motor control. Conclusion These results suggest that both sleep duration and midpoint of sleep are associated with next-day RS-FC within corticolimbic emotion-related neural circuitry in children and adolescents. The observed interactive effects of sleep duration and timing on RS-FC may reflect how homeostatic and circadian process interact in the brain and explain the complex patterns observed with respect to emotional health when considering sleep duration and timing. Sleep-related changes in corticolimbic circuitry may contribute to the onset of emotion-related problems during adolescence.

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Verma, Sumedha, Donna Pinnington, Rachel Manber y Bei Bei. "225 Sleep Timing and Chronotype in Mothers: Longitudinal Changes and Associations with Wellbeing from Pregnancy to 2 Years Postpartum". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 de mayo de 2021): A90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.224.

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Abstract Introduction Women experience significant changes to sleep during perinatal periods. Existing research focuses on sleep duration and quality, but not sleep timing or chronotype (i.e., preferred timing for activity and sleep). This study investigated change trajectories of sleep timing and chronotype from late pregnancy to two years postpartum, and examined longitudinal associations between chronotype and insomnia, sleep-related daytime impairment, and mood. Methods Data were from a 2-arm randomized controlled trial testing behavioral sleep and diet interventions. A community sample of nulliparous women without severe sleep/mental health conditions participated. Women self-reported bedtime, risetime, chronotype (reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire), Insomnia Severity Index, and PROMIS Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep-Related Impairment over 7 time points: 30 and 35 weeks’ gestation, and postpartum months 1.5, 3, 6, 12 and 24. Results 163 women (mean age 33.35 ± 3.42 years) took part. Mixed effects models controlling for age and group allocation showed that both bed- and risetimes became progressively earlier over time by approximately 20-30 minutes on average (p < .001); chronotype also shifted progressively towards morningness (p < .01). After controlling for covariates (sleep duration and efficiency, mental health history, social support, age, group allocation), greater morningness was significantly associated with lower symptoms of insomnia and sleep-related impairment over time (p-values < .001); longitudinal associations between chronotype and symptoms of depression and anxiety were non-significant (p-values > .65). Conclusion This is one of the first studies to examine longitudinal changes in sleep timing and chronotype from pregnancy to two years postpartum. Sleep timing and chronotype became progressively earlier over the first two postpartum years. The magnitude of changes is beyond what is expected with increasing age. Greater morningness was associated with lower sleep complaints and sleep-related daytime impairment during the postpartum period. The mechanisms underlying these associations require further research. Support (if any) Australasian Sleep Association, Monash University, Australian Government RTP Scholarship and National Health and Medical Research Council.

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Schmid, Sebastian M., Manfred Hallschmid, Kamila Jauch-Chara, Hendrik Lehnert y Bernd Schultes. "Sleep timing may modulate the effect of sleep loss on testosterone". Clinical Endocrinology 77, n.º 5 (5 de octubre de 2012): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04419.x.

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Onal, E. y M. Lopata. "Respiratory timing during NREM sleep in patients with occlusive sleep apnea". Journal of Applied Physiology 61, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1986): 1444–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.4.1444.

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To study respiratory timing mechanisms in patients with occlusive apnea, inspiratory and expiratory times (TI and TE) were calculated from the diaphragmatic electromyogram obtained in seven patients during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. Peak diaphragmatic activity (EMGdi) had a curvilinear relationship with TI during the ventilatory and occlusive phases such that TI shortened as EMGdi decreased during the ventilatory phase (r = 0.87, P less than 0.05) and it prolonged as EMGdi increased during the occlusive phase (r = 0.89, P less than 0.02). However, EMGdi vs. TI for the occlusive phase was shifted to the right of that for the ventilatory phase, reflecting the relatively longer TI during upper airway occlusion. TI also had a linear relationship with pleural pressure (r = 0.94, P less than 0.001) that remained unchanged during the ventilatory and occlusive phases such that it prolonged as negative inspiratory pressure increased. These results indicate that respiratory timing is continuously modified in patients with occlusive apnea as inspiratory neural drive fluctuates during NREM sleep and suggest that this modification is due to the net effects of changing inspiratory neural drive and afferent input predominantly from upper airway mechanoreceptors.

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Illingworth, Gaby. "The challenges of adolescent sleep". Interface Focus 10, n.º 3 (17 de abril de 2020): 20190080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0080.

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Sleep is vital for our physical, emotional and cognitive health. However, adolescents face many challenges where their sleep is concerned. This is reflected in their sleep patterns including the timing of their sleep and how much sleep they achieve on a regular basis: their sleep is characteristically delayed and short. Notably, insufficient sleep is associated with impairments in adolescent functioning. Endogenous and exogenous factors are known to affect sleep at this age. Alterations in the bioregulation of sleep, comprising the circadian timing system and the sleep/wake homeostatic system, represent the intrinsic mechanisms at work. Compounding this, environmental, psychosocial and lifestyle factors may contribute to shortened sleep. This review discusses the amount of sleep gained by adolescents and its implications, the challenges to adolescent sleep and the interventions introduced in an effort to prioritize sleep health in this important developmental period.

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Tonetti, Lorenzo, Marco Fabbri, Marco Filardi, Monica Martoni y Vincenzo Natale. "Effects of sleep timing, sleep quality and sleep duration on school achievement in adolescents". Sleep Medicine 16, n.º 8 (agosto de 2015): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2015.03.026.

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Park, Sung-Ho, Justin Baik, Jiso Hong, Hanna Antila, Benjamin Kurland, Shinjae Chung y Franz Weber. "A probabilistic model for the ultradian timing of REM sleep in mice". PLOS Computational Biology 17, n.º 8 (25 de agosto de 2021): e1009316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009316.

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A salient feature of mammalian sleep is the alternation between rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. However, how these two sleep stages influence each other and thereby regulate the timing of REM sleep episodes is still largely unresolved. Here, we developed a statistical model that specifies the relationship between REM and subsequent NREM sleep to quantify how REM sleep affects the following NREM sleep duration and its electrophysiological features in mice. We show that a lognormal mixture model well describes how the preceding REM sleep duration influences the amount of NREM sleep till the next REM sleep episode. The model supports the existence of two different types of sleep cycles: Short cycles form closely interspaced sequences of REM sleep episodes, whereas during long cycles, REM sleep is first followed by an interval of NREM sleep during which transitions to REM sleep are extremely unlikely. This refractory period is characterized by low power in the theta and sigma range of the electroencephalogram (EEG), low spindle rate and frequent microarousals, and its duration proportionally increases with the preceding REM sleep duration. Using our model, we estimated the propensity for REM sleep at the transition from NREM to REM sleep and found that entering REM sleep with higher propensity resulted in longer REM sleep episodes with reduced EEG power. Compared with the light phase, the buildup of REM sleep propensity was slower during the dark phase. Our data-driven modeling approach uncovered basic principles underlying the timing and duration of REM sleep episodes in mice and provides a flexible framework to describe the ultradian regulation of REM sleep in health and disease.

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Cedernaes, Jonathan y Christian Benedict. "Sleep duration and energy intake: timing matters". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 100, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2014): 1402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.096875.

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Emerson, Travis, Jay Porter, Ryan Petit-Mee, Guido Lastra, Anand Chockalingam y Jill Kanaley. "The Effects Of Exercise Timing On Sleep". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 52, n.º 7S (julio de 2020): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000687700.55244.a3.

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de Groen, J. H. M., W. op den Velde, H. van Duijn, P. R. J. Falger, J. E. J. M. Hovens y M. F. R. Flos. "Posttraumatic nightmares and timing of REM sleep". Journal of Interdisiplinary Cycle Research 21, n.º 3 (agosto de 1990): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09291019009360053.

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Selbach, Oliver y Helmut L. Haas. "Hypocretins: The Timing of Sleep and Waking". Chronobiology International 23, n.º 1-2 (enero de 2006): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420520500545961.

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Combs, D., S. Patel, S. Mashaqi, L. Estep, N. Provencio-Dean, S. Lopez y S. Parthasarathy. "0370 Objective Differences in Sleep Timing Between African Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites". Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (abril de 2020): A141—A142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.367.

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Abstract Introduction Prior studies have shown a morning circadian preference for African Americans compared to Non-Hispanic whites, but prior research has shown that self-reported sleep timing is delayed in African Americans compared to whites. No prior studies have evaluated this difference in sleep timing using objective measures of habitual sleep such as actigraphy. Methods We analyzed the sleep data from the Multi-Ethnicity Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a multi-site community-based cohort with both self-reported and actigraphic measures of habitual sleep variables. Self-reported sleep timing, chronotype as measured by the modified Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and actigraphic sleep timing were examined using logistic regression and independent t-tests. Results 1,430 participants had self-reported sleep data, and 1,405 participants had complete actigraphy data as well. There was no self-reported difference in circadian preference between African Americans and whites (mean MEQ score 17.1 ± 3.6 vs. 17.0 ± 4.0). African Americans were 76% more likely to report a bedtime after midnight on weekdays (odds ratio [OR] 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 2.3, p<0.001), and 50% more likely on weekends (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2, 1.9, p=0.001) as compared to whites. Actigraphic data showed similar results. African Americans were 80% more likely to have actigraphic sleep onset after midnight on weekdays (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.2) and 137% more likely (OR 2.4,95% CI 1.9, 3.0, p<0.001) on weekends as compared to whites. Actigraphic mid-sleep time was delayed 42 (95% CI 20, 64, p<0.001) minutes on weekdays and 24 (95% CI 6,42, p=0.01) minutes on weekends in African Americans compared to whites. Conclusion African Americans had delayed sleep timing compared to whites even though no significant racial differences in chronotype were present. Delayed sleep timing in African Americans may be related to factors other than self-reported circadian preference. Support Funding to DC from the American Heart Association, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center and NIH-NHLBI. MESA data obtained from NIH-NHLBI BioLINCC and the National Sleep Research Resource.

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Benedict, Christian, Luiz Eduardo Mateus Brandão, Ilona Merikanto, Markku Partinen, Bjørn Bjorvatn y Jonathan Cedernaes. "Meal and Sleep Timing before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Anonymous Survey Study from Sweden". Clocks & Sleep 3, n.º 2 (22 de abril de 2021): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep3020015.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions, such as stay-at-home-orders, have significantly altered daily routines and lifestyles. Given their importance for metabolic health, we herein compared sleep and meal timing parameters during vs. before the COVID-19 pandemic based on subjective recall, in an anonymous Swedish survey. Among 191 adults (mean age: 47 years; 77.5% females), we show that social jetlag, i.e., the mismatch in sleep midpoint between work and free days, was reduced by about 17 min during the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic state (p < 0.001). Concomitantly, respondents’ sleep midpoint was shifted toward morning hours during workdays (p < 0.001). A later daily eating midpoint accompanied the shift in sleep timing (p = 0.001). This effect was mainly driven by a later scheduled first meal (p < 0.001). No difference in the timing of the day’s last meal was found (p = 0.814). Although our survey was limited in terms of sample size and by being cross-sectional, our results suggest that the delay in sleep timing due to the COVID-19 pandemic was accompanied by a corresponding shift in the timing of early but not late meals.

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Benington, J. H. y H. C. Heller. "REM-sleep timing is controlled homeostatically by accumulation of REM-sleep propensity in non-REM sleep". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1994): R1992—R2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1992.

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Sleep structure in the rat was characterized during uninterrupted full-day recordings using an analytic procedure that identifies rapid eye movement (REM) sleep episodes based on REM-sleep-onset electroencephalograph phenomena, hence independently of REM-sleep duration. The data were used to determine whether REM-sleep timing is controlled homeostatically or by an oscillatory mechanism. The findings and conclusions are that 1) non-REM (NREM) sleep episode duration is positively correlated with prior REM-sleep episode duration, suggesting that REM-sleep expression is permissive of NREM sleep; 2) mean NREM-sleep episode duration decreases after repeated brief REM-sleep episodes (< 30 s), also suggesting that discharge of REM-sleep propensity is essential for NREM-sleep expression; 3) REM-sleep episode duration is independent of prior sleep history, suggesting that REM-sleep maintenance is controlled by factors other than accumulated REM-sleep propensity; 4) brief REM-sleep episodes occur progressively more frequently over the course of the NREM-sleep interval between sustained REM-sleep episodes (> 30 s), suggesting that REM-sleep propensity increases progressively within episodes of NREM sleep; and 5) the diurnal cycle of REM-sleep expression primarily reflects modulation in the efficiency of REM-sleep maintenance. These findings support the hypothesis that REM-sleep timing is controlled by accumulation of REM-sleep propensity during NREM sleep.

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Maia, B. R., M. J. Soares, A. Gomes, M. Marques, A. T. Pereira, J. Valente, M. H. Azevedo y A. Macedo. "Personality Traits and Sleep Patterns/problems in Medical Students". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71459-2.

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Aim:This study examines the relationship between the personality traits of Neuroticism and Extroversion and sleep patterns and others sleep behaviours in medical students.Method:Neuroticism and Extroversion were assessed using the Portuguese version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Sleep was assessed with a self-response questionnaire covering a wide range of sleep-wake habits and difficulties. A factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed with seventeen items of the questionnaire and four factors were extracted: Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Timing, Insufficient Sleep and Dreams/Nightmares. A total of 203 third year medical students (127 females, 62.6%) mean age 20.01 (SD=1.09; Range=18-24) participated in the study.Results:There were no significant gender differences in Neuroticism and Extroversion mean scores (Neuroticism: p=.454; Extroversion: p=.891). Extroversion was significantly correlated with Sleep Timing (p=.000), whereasthere was a trend for Neuroticism to be associated with Sleep Disturbance (p=.095). Concerning the relationship of Neuroticism and Extroversion mean scores with other Sleep problems, Neuroticism was found associated with concentration difficulties in the morning (p=.006), inadequate sleep duration (p=.001), sleep problems (p=.012), and use of sleep medication (p=.052). No significant associations were found with Extroversion.Conclusion:Neuroticism was significantly associated with sleep problems, use of sleep medication, inadequate sleep duration, and concentration difficulties in the morning. Extroversion was correlated only with later Sleep Timing.

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Turek, Fred W. "Musing About Melatonin and Sleep: It's All About Timing". Sleep 29, n.º 5 (mayo de 2006): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.5.606.

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Marques, M., M. J. Soares, A. Gomes, B. R. Maia, A. T. Pereira, J. Valente, M. H. Azevedo y A. Macedo. "Sleep Patterns and Health Behaviours in Medical Students". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71460-9.

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Aim:The objective of this study was to examine the sleep patterns of medical students and its associations with significant health behaviours.Methods:Sleep was assessed with a self-response questionnaire covering a wide range of sleep-wake habits and difficulties. A factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed with seventeen items of the questionnaire and four factors were extracted: Sleep Disturbance, Sleep Timing, Insufficient Sleep and Dreams/Nightmares. The questionnaire also included questions on coffee use, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and physical exercise. The sample consisted of 212 females (M age=20.32 years, SD=1.26) and 128 males (M age=20.19 years, SD=1.23) third year medical students.Results:Habitual alcohol intake was reported by 6.5% of the students (males=14.8% vs females=1.4%; p=.000) and regular physical exercise by 37.9% (males=47.7% vs females=32.1%; p=.004); The mean number of coffee cups used per day was 2.16±1.16 (males M=2.18±1.35 vs females M=2.13±1.03; NS) and the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 3.69±5.71 (males M=4.41+6.55 vs females M=3.25±5.10; NS). Students who regularly practice physical exercise reported less Sleep Disturbance (p=.004). Habitual alcohol intake was significantly associated with Sleep Timing (p=.051) and Insufficient Sleep (p=.007). Significant correlations were also found between cigarette smoking and Sleep Timing (p=.000), Dreams/nightmares (p=.023) and Insufficient Sleep (p=.001). Coffee use was correlated only with Sleep Timing (p=.000).Conclusion:In this sample of healthy young adults habitual alcohol intake and cigarette smoking was associated with Insufficient Sleep and regular physical exercise was associated with less Sleep Disturbance.

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