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1
Bellamy, Louis. "George Mason: Slave Owning Virginia Planter as Slavery Opponent?" TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/521.
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The present work investigates the often cited, but poorly supported, notion that Founding Father George Mason was a wealthy, slave-owning Virginian who vehemently opposed slavery. Utilizing Mason's state papers, letters, and other documents, as well as contemporaries' accounts of his speeches, this work will analyze those records' contextual construction, and it will deconstruct both Mason's written and spoken words and his actions and inactions relative to slavery. The goal of this effort is to determine whether Mason, who ostensibly played such an instrumental role in the development of the "rights" of Americans, and who remained a slaveholder—thereby trampling the rights of others—was truly opposed to slavery. Included in this work are chapters relating to the development of chattel slavery in the Tidewater, Virginia region from its inception and to the Mason family's mounting economic and political prominence, particularly the role of slaves in their attainment of that prominence. Two chapters analyze Mason's state papers, his writings on public matters, his public speeches, and other related material with a view towards determining their nexus with slavery and his role in their development. The final chapter focuses narrowly on Mason's personal relationship with slavery, and it includes both Mason's documents and his personal actions, with his documented actions concerning his own slaves meriting special attention. A portion of the chapter compares and contrasts Mason, Washington, and Jefferson on the matter of slave manumission. The argument is made that despite his consequential role in the development of some of America's revered founding documents, relative to his more prominent Virginia political peers, George Mason has garnered on rudimentary evaluation from the collective pens of more than two centuries of historians. Not only has Mason largely missed the genuine accolades befitting a Founding Father, some historians have simply ignored the contradictions of Mason's slave owning and his presumed abhorrence of slavery. Others have offered little more than a passing mention of Mason's slaveryrelated conundrum. Some have noted his slave-holding status, but then mistakenly considered anti-slavery and anti-slave trade as fungible positions and then proceeded to extol Mason's abhorrence of, and fight against, chattel slavery. Still others have claimed the institution was simply an unwelcome legacy entailed upon him. Mason, as an historical subject, stands under-reported, under-analyzed, often embellished, and generally carelessly considered. In spite of the effusive hyperbole of some Mason historians, this thesis argues Mason's apparently strong condemnations of the slave trade and of slavery were themselves strongly nuanced, and his actions (and, perhaps more importantly, his inactions) toward his own slaves run counter to the conclusive judgment of Mason as a slavery opponent. Nevertheless, Mason's statements and political actions—however tepid, and however nuanced—represent important work against the pernicious problem of slavery by a thoughtful, respected, and politically well-positioned Founding Father. This work will demonstrate Mason was likely neither the prescient anti-slavery advocate, as he is generally regarded among historians, nor fully a self-serving demagogue. Indeed, the definitive judgment of George Mason as a slave owning, Virginia planter, and Founding Father who served as a slavery opponent remains elusive.
2
Coombs, John C. "Building "the machine": The development of slavery and slave society in early colonial Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623434.
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Historians have, of course, long been aware of the importance of Virginia's seventeenth-century conversion from white to black labor. But while scholars have devoted considerable effort to explaining why this pivotal transition occurred, a detailed analysis of how it happened does not exist, nor by extension have scholars ever fully considered the repercussions of what one might call the "process of conversion.";Although Virginia's black population remained small throughout much of the seventeenth century, it was heavily concentrated on the estates of a relatively small circle of wealthy planters. By the middle decades of the century some members of the gentry had acquired sizable quantities of slaves. as early as the 1660s, when the typical Chesapeake planter still only employed servants, on many elite plantations blacks made up nearly half of the workforce, and in some cases were numerous enough to comprise a considerable majority.;The gentry's early turn to slavery had a profound effect on the development of the plantation "machine." From a socio-economic perspective, it was instrumental in facilitating the rise of Virginia's great families. The founding members of these dynasties arrived in the colony with wealth and social status. But it was their remarkable success in building up their holdings in land and slaves that distanced them from their peers and that proved decisive in securing the lasting predominance of their descendants.;Yet because of their limited access to the transatlantic slave trade, even the wealthiest Virginians initially found it difficult to procure slaves and for decades elite-owned labor forces remained racially mixed. Early African immigrants consequently faced enormous pressure to conform to the behavioral norms of the dominant Anglo-American society, giving the cultural compromises that they ultimately reached with each other an assimilationist bent. as the founding generations relinquished community leadership to their native-born children and grandchildren, African-American society in the colony acquired an anglicized veneer that continued to persist and shape life in slave quarters even after the advent of large direct deliveries in the early eighteenth century.
3
North, Colin. "Agency In Truancy: Runaway Slaves and the Power of Negotiation In the United States, 1736-1840". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32399.
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Historians of the American South have been diverse in their descriptions of the master-slave relationship over the last half-century, and have engaged in lengthy discussions in an attempt to answer the intricate question of what life was like between slaves and their masters. The phenomenon of slave runaways has perhaps offered the most convincing evidence of the troubles on southern plantations, which has been used in recent decades to emphasize negotiation and agency in the shaping of master-slave relations. The last twenty years have been consequently marked by a plethora of studies that accentuate non-traditional slave holding as it becomes clearer that masters had to compromise with their human chattel. Through an examination 9,975 runaway slave advertisements and 943 testimonies of former slaves, this study illustrates how black bondsmen absented themselves so to negotiate the terms of their working and living conditions. It traces the acts of individual slave runaways in place of broader generalizations that have for a long time contributed to some of the myths and legends of American slavery through examination of the many reasons that slaves chose to stay in bondage.
4
Plath, Lydia. "Performances of honour : manhood and violence in the Mississippi slave insurrection scare of 1835". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2789/.
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In early July, 1835, rumours of a slave insurrection swept central Mississippi. Deviant white men, with bad characters and dishonourable motives, were—or so the residents of the small towns along the Big Black River in Madison County believed—plotting to incite the slaves to rebellion so that during the resulting panic they could rob the banks and plunder the cities. These rumours were entirely unfounded, but within a few weeks, groups of white citizens calling themselves ‘committees of safety’ had examined and tortured an unknown number of men (both white and black) whom they thought to be involved in the conspiracy, and by the end of July about a dozen white men and around twenty or thirty slaves had been put to death in Mississippi. As a moment during which white men not only articulated their notion of what it meant to be a ‘man,’ but also demonstrated and violently enforced it, the insurrection scare is an opening, a window, into the lives of men in the antebellum South. Through this window, we can see how Southern white men conceived of their identity as white men and constructed a notion of manhood—one of honour—to which all white men, regardless of class, could aspire. While Northerners emphasised restraint, and inner feelings of honour, Southern manhood was defined almost entirely by public display. Honour had to be performed. Further, because all white men could attempt to give a performance of honour, there existed in the South a sense of equality amongst all white men—a herrenvolk democracy—despite the vast differences in wealth and status that existed. African Americans, on the other hand, could make no claims to honour in the eyes of white men because to have honour was to have power.
5
Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "12 Years A Slave: Solomon Northup & The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/742.
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Bly, Antonio T. "Breaking with tradition: Slave literacy in early Virginia, 1680--1780". W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623496.
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"Breaking with Tradition" is a study of slave literacy in eighteenth-century British North America, the era of the First Great Awakening and the American Revolution. Instead of highlighting the work of a few northern slave authors (the present emphasis in African American literary history), it focuses on the relationship between slave education in colonial Virginia and the social and political circumstances in which slaves acquired a knowledge of letters. A social history of life in the slave quarters, the "great house," and in towns, "Breaking with Tradition" is at once a case study of slaves reading and writing in the South and a counterpoint to current studies that paint a picture of early African Americans as being illiterate. Ultimately, this thesis explores the interplay between African American studies and the History of the Book.
7
Kamoie, Laura Croghan. "Three generations of planter -businessmen: The Tayloes, slave labor, and entrepreneurialism in Virginia, 1710-1830". W&M ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623966.
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This study analyzes the entrepreneurial estate-building activities of three generations of the Tayloe family of Virginia from the 1710s to the 1820s. The three John Tayloes were model planter-businessmen---that is, they combined mixed commercial agriculture with a variety of business enterprises in an effort to secure long-term financial security and social status for themselves and their heirs. This diversified approach to plantation management characterized early Virginia's "culture of progress"---an early American business culture interpreted in many different ways throughout the colonies (and later the states) that had the pursuit of a better life as its organizing premise.;The Tayloes were not alone in their ironmaking, shipbuilding, land speculation, investing, and craft-service activities. Instead, the three generations of Tayloe planter-businessmen represent the activities, approaches, and values of the elite planter class of early Virginia.;For each of the Tayloes, slave labor served as the fundamental resource for successful enterprise. The presence of large populations of enslaved African Americans enabled the Tayloes and other planters to branch out from staple agriculture and ultimately necessitated that they continue to do so. Slaves demonstrated their abilities, became central to the daily operations of the South's business culture, and made the enterprises planters founded profitable.;Planter-businessmen as individuals founded businesses that were usually complementary in some way to their holdings in land and slaves. Recognizing the potentially dangerous fluctuations of the tobacco market, planters were apt to attempt new endeavors in good times and bad and rarely abandoned new businesses simply because the tobacco market rebounded. They kept their finger on the pulse of the market, braved risk, and attempted to keep up with the latest technology. Planters' non-tobacco activities provided an important buffer between the uncontrollable weather, shipping, and prices associated with tobacco agriculture and their family's future security. The institution of slavery certainly placed some structural limits on planters' entrepreneurial imaginations. However, whether compared against northern farmer-businessmen prior to the antebellum period or set against the definitions of Virginia's own slave society, early southern planter-businessmen exhibited rational and progressive economic behavior.
8
Downer, Joseph A. "Hallowed Ground, Sacred Place| The Slave Cemetery At George Washington's Mount Vernon And the Cultural Landscapes of the Enslaved". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1582972.
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Cemeteries of the enslaved on many plantations in the 18th and 19th centuries were places where communities could practice forms of resistance, and develop distinct African-American traditions. These spaces often went unrecorded by elites, whose constructed landscapes were designed to convey messages of their own status and authority. In their oversight of these spaces, however, elites failed to notice the nuanced meanings the slaves themselves instilled in the landscapes they were forced to live and work in. These separate meanings enabled enslaved African Americans to maintain both human and cultural identities that subverted the slave system and the messages of inferiority that constantly bombarded them.
This thesis focuses on the archaeological study of the Slave Cemetery at George Washington's Mount Vernon. Here, methodological and theoretical principles are utilized to study the area that many enslaved workers call their final resting place. Through the use of this space, it is hypothesized that Mount Vernon's enslaved community practiced distinct traditions, instilling in that spot a sense of place, and reinforcing their individual and communal human identities. This thesis will also investigate the cemetery within its broader regional and cultural contexts, to attain a better understanding of the death rituals and culturally resistant activates that slaves at Mount Vernon used in their day-to-day battle against the system that held them in bondage.
9
Willis, Anne Romberg. "The Master's Mercy: Slave Prosecutions and Punishments in York County, Virginia, 1700 to 1780". W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625945.
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Abbott, Sherry L. "My Mother Could Send up the Most Powerful Prayer: The Role of African American Slave Women in Evangelical Christianity". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/AbbottSL2003.pdf.
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Wilcox, Joseph Morgan. "Trafficking in women: International sex services". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2754.
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This research looks to identify precursors to women becoming involved in trafficking for prostitution and/or sexual services in the United States. The failure to find patterns or trends regarding why women are trafficked or what types of women are trafficked most often, helps dispel some myths regarding the stereotypical victim of trafficking.
12
Legawiec, Stephen John. "Agrarian Reform and the Slave System: A Case Study of James Galt's Point of Fork Plantation, 1835-1865". W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626595.
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Esplin, Amber. "Hannah and Priscilla: The Education of Slave Girls and Planters' Daughters in Eighteenth-Century Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626321.
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Murray, Robert Paul. "Reform in the land of Serf and Slave, 1825-1861". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32645.
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This thesis argues that the significance of pre-Civil War southern opposition to slavery has been largely marginalized and mischaracterized by previous historiography. By contextualizing southern antislavery activism as but a single wing within a broader reformist movement, historians can move beyond simplistic interpretations of these antislavery advocates as fool-hardy and tangential â losers.â While opposition to slavery constituted a key goal for these reformers, it was not their only aspiration, and they secured considerable success in other aspects of reform. Nineteenth-century Russians, simultaneously struggling with their own system of bonded labor, offer excellent counterpoints to reorient the role of antebellum southern reformers. Through their shared commitment to reforming liberalism, a preference for gradualism as the vehicle of change, and a shared intellectual framework based upon new theories of political economy, the Russian and southernersâ histories highlight a transatlantic intellectual community in which southern reformers were full members. Adapting multiple theories from this transnational exchange of ideas, southern reformers were remarkably liminal figures useful for contemporary scholarly exploration into the nineteenth-century culture of reform. Ultimately, it was this liminality coupled with the inegalitarian nature of their movement that ensured that the southern antislavery movement would fail to secure a gradual demise to slavery.Master of Arts
15
Spong, Kaitlyn M. "“Your love is too thick”: An Analysis of Black Motherhood in Slave Narratives, Neo-Slave Narratives, and Our Contemporary Moment". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2573.
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In this paper, Kait Spong examines alternative practices of mothering that are strategic nature, heavily analyzing Patricia Hill Collins’ concepts of “othermothering” and “preservative love” as applied to Toni Morrison’s 1987 novel, Beloved and Harriet Jacob’s 1861 slave narrative, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Using literary analysis as a vehicle, Spong then applies these West African notions of motherhood to a modern context by evaluating contemporary social movements such as Black Lives Matter where black mothers have played a prominent role in making public statements against systemic issues such as police brutality, heightened surveillance, and the prison industrial complex.
16
Smith, Frederick H. "Social Equalization and Social Resistance: A Symbolic Interactional Approach to Strategies of African American Slave Populations". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720316.
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Roddy, Rhonda Kay. "In search of the self: An analysis of Incidents in the life of a slave girl by Harriet Ann Jacobs". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2262.
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In her bibliography, Incidents in the life of a Salve Girl, Harriet Ann Jacobs appropriates the autobiographical "I" in order to tell her own story of slavery and talk back to the dominant culture that enslaves her. Through analysis and explication of the text, this thesis examines Jacobs' rhetorical and psyshological evolution from slave to self as she struggles against patriarchal power that would rob her of her identity as well as her freedom. Included in the discussion is an analysis of the concept of self in western plilosophy, an overview of american autobiography prior to the publication of Jacobs' narrative, a discussion of the history of the slave narrative as a genre, and a discussion of the history of Jacobs' narrative.
18
Simpson, Tiwanna Michelle. "“She has her country marks very conspicuous in the face”: African Culture and Community in Early Georgia". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039397619.
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Sorensen, Leni Ashmore. ""So that I Get Her Again": African American Slave Women Runaways in Selected Richmond, Virginia Newspapers, 1830-1860, and the Richmond, Virginia Police Guard Daybook, 1834-1843". W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626020.
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Michaels, Paul J. "New England Slave Trader: The Case of Charles Tyng". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2083.
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Charles Tyng has been heralded as an American hero after the posthumous publication of his memoir, Before the Wind: The Memoir of an American Sea Captain, 1808-1833, in 1999. Recent research involving British Treasury report books from the nineteenth century suggest otherwise – that Tyng actively promoted and was engaged in the illicit trade of African captives. A Boston Brahmin, Tyng applied the lessons of his time at sea with Perkins & Company, the opium trading firm, to his occupation as an agent of notorious slave trading firms in Havana. This paper uses as evidence records of the captures of several vessels that implicate Tyng directly in equipping ships for the slave trade to correct the historical record and exposing a supposed hero as a predatory capitalist ignoring ethics for financial gain.
21
Hathaway, Dana S. "Human Trafficking and Slavery: Towards a New Framework for Prevention and Responsibility". PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/534.
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Human trafficking and slavery are horrific crimes that require strict penalties for perpetrators and effective protections for survivors, but these crimes are in part facilitated by a system of laws and norms that effectively marginalize certain populations--the "unskilled" migrant. In this thesis I aim to reexamine and reinterpret the problem of human trafficking and slavery in a way that highlights the background conditions to the problem. I argue that the framework used as a conceptual foundation for addressing the problem limits the scope of responsibility. Specifically, the framework fails to acknowledge structural contributing factors I show to be relevant: law, policy, and norms impacting immigration and migrant labor. I assert that the limited scope of responsibility, which focuses heavily on direct perpetrators of the crime, leaves largely unexamined the role of social-structural processes in contributing to the problem. I use the United States as a case study in order to provide a targeted analysis of social-structural processes that contribute to the problem. In this examination of the United States, I focus on agricultural and domestic slavery. In conclusion, I attempt to build a new conceptual framework that calls attention to social-structural processes and includes this understanding in assigning responsibility for the problem. I assert that anti-trafficking efforts must account for the role of social-structural processes and that these contributing factors must be adequately addressed and incorporated into the framework for prevention.
22
Mayo-Bobee, Dinah. "A Superior Form of Republicanism: James Elliot's Articulation of Free Labor Ideology and the Inequity of Slave Representation". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/729.
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Wallace, Shaun. "Fugitive slave advertisements and the rebelliousness of enslaved people in Georgia and Maryland, 1790-1810". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26591.
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This dissertation is a systematic investigation of fugitive slave advertisements aiming to understand the nature of fugitives’ rebelliousness in Georgia and Maryland between 1790 and 1810. Hitherto, historical inquiry pertaining to slave fugitivity has focused on other states and other times. This study provides a close reading of 5,567 advertisements pertaining to runaway slaves and analyses extracted data pertaining to the prosopography of 1,832 fugitives and their fugitivity. Its main research questions focus on advertisements as manifest records of rebellion. Who were the fugitives? What do the fugitive slave advertisements reveal about enslaved people’s contestation of slaveholders’ authority? The principal findings are as follows. First, the typography and iconography of fugitive slave advertisements were expressly intended to undermine the individualism and agency of enslaved people. Second, with regard to Georgia and Maryland, while there were spikes between 1796 and 1798 and 1800 and 1801, fugitivity was a daily occurrence, and thus a normative act of rebellion distinct from insurrection. Third, quantitative analysis indicated fugitives were typically young males, in their twenties, likely to escape at any time of the year; Georgia fugitives were more likely to escape in groups. Fourth, qualitative analysis of advertisers’ descriptions of fugitives revealed evidence of challenges to their authority. Depictions of fugitives’ character and remarks or notes on their behaviour constitute evidence of observed characteristics. From the advertisers’ perspective slaves were at their most dangerous when they could read and write or when they were skilled in deception. The “artful” fugitive in particular possessed many skills, sometimes including literacy, which could be used to defy the power that kept him or her in subjection. Fifth, further investigation established clear linkages between literacy and fugitives’ rebelliousness. Qualitative studies to date speak of slave literacy’s theoretical liberating and empowering effects but do not provide tangible accounts of who the literate slaves were or consider literacy as a factor in rebelliousness. The dissertation identified 36 literate slaves in Maryland and 9 in Georgia, and statistical analysis suggested 3.6 percent of US fugitive slaves were literate. Finally, it was evident that literacy was part of a larger contest to circumvent slaveholder authority and attain self-empowerment. Fugitivity itself was the outcome of a history of contestation that might be hidden from history were it not for the advertisements themselves.
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Wartberg, Lynn Cowles. "“'They was Things Past the Tellin’: A Reconsideration of Sexuality and Memory in the Ex-Slave Narratives of the Federal Writers’ Project"". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1575.
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In 1936, Federal Writers’ Project (FWP) employees began interviewing formerly enslaved men and women, allowing them to speak publicly of their experiences under slavery. Defying racism and the repressions of Jim Crow, ex-slaves discussed intimate details of their lives. Many researchers considered these interviews unreliable, but if viewed through the lens of gender and analyzed using recent scholarship on slavery and sexuality, FWP interviews offer new insights into the lives of enslaved men and women. Using a small number of ex-slave interviews, most of them drawn from Louisiana, this thesis demonstrates the value of these oral histories for understanding the sexual lives of enslaved men and women. These interviews expose what we would otherwise have little access to: the centrality of struggles over enslaved people’s sexuality and reproduction to the experience of enslavement and the long-term effects of these struggles on the attitudes of slavery’s survivors.
25
Thompson, Sidney 1965. "Bass Reeves: a History • a Novel • a Crusade, Volume 1: the Rise". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804965/.
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This literary/historical novel details the life of African-American Deputy US Marshal Bass Reeves between the years 1838-1862 and 1883-1884. One plotline depicts Reeves’s youth as a slave, including his service as a body servant to a Confederate cavalry officer during the Civil War. Another plotline depicts him years later, after Emancipation, at the height of his deputy career, when he has become the most feared, most successful lawman in Indian Territory, the largest federal jurisdiction in American history and the most dangerous part of the Old West. A preface explores the uniqueness of this project’s historical relevance and literary positioning as a neo-slave narrative, and addresses a few liberties that I take with the historical record.
26
Demaree, Nancy. "Place, Disease and Mortality: Trimble County, Kentucky 1849-1894". TopSCHOLAR®, 2000. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/716.
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This researcher describes the characteristics of place...physical, cultural and human...of a small Kentucky county and looks at the incidence of disease and dying that occurred in that place in the last half of the nineteenth century. The impact of death on particular subsets of the general population was given a closer evaluation. Very young, females and the slave/Black communities were investigated individually. The overall site and situation of all aspects of Trimble County, Kentucky were viewed in an effort to support the notion that it is the manner in which man interacts with this environment that causes disease and death and that is not the environment itself that destroys human life.
27
Mireval, Damien. "Armées, sécurité et rébellions : le rôle du renseignement et des actions spéciales dans les guerres du Tchad (1969-1990)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30025.
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Au Tchad, le triptyque « armées, sécurité et rébellions » est indissociable, tant il mêle des acteurs armés qui ont dominé la scène nationale depuis l’indépendance du pays en 1960. L’entrelacs des intérêts et des combats a aussi provoqué l’implication d’intervenants extérieurs nombreux, la France et la Libye en premier lieu. Tous ont participé à cette séquence historique, de 1969 à 1990, dominée par l'émergence d'une rébellion, le Front de libération nationale du Tchad (FROLINAT), qui finira par s'emparer du pouvoir et engendrer une guerre civile suivie d'une guerre de libération des provinces du Nord. La France s’engage au Tchad en 1969 dans sa première véritable guerre depuis l’indépendance de l’Algérie, et dès lors restera actrice du destin de ce pays, sous tous les régimes successifs, de Tombalbaye au régime d’Hissène Habré. Elle cherche à conserver son appréciation autonome de situation, et renseigner sur les groupes rebelles du Tchad, la Jamariyya libyenne, voire ses propres alliés, afin de donner à ses décideurs politiques et militaires des clés de compréhension et d’action. Dans cette guerre d’un genre nouveau et méconnu des citoyens français, le renseignement et les actions spéciales constituent des armes fondamentales au cœur des engagements opérationnels, de l’évolution des différents types de capteurs, et des tensions interservices entre le SDECE/DGSE et les autres services chargés de renseignement. Parce qu'elle veut conserver son rang en Afrique notamment dans la bande sahélo-saharienne, concurrencée par les Etats-Unis, défiante vis-à-vis de la Libye et de l'Union soviétique; parce qu'elle est très impliquée dans les affaires intérieures du Tchad, parfois avec excès; et enfin parce que ses adversaires la contraignent à une adaptation permanente de posture et de capacités militaires, la France va faire du Tchad son point focal en Afrique, le laboratoire de ses futurs engagements, à la frontière entre légalité et légitimité, entre actions conventionnelles et spéciales, entre raison d'Etat et diplomatieIn Chad, the triptych « armed forces, security and rebellion » is inextricably linked, so much it mixes armed players that dominated the scene since the independence in 1960. The interlacing of interests and fights also led to the involvement of external players, making Chad an enduring challenge for France, Libya, United-States and many others. Those countries, along with local players, participated to this historical sequence, 1969-1990, dominated by the apparition of the FROLINAT’ rebellion, that will finally seize power and generate a civil war followed by a liberation war of the Northern provinces. Thus France will commit itself in Chad in 1969, in its first real African war since the independence of Algeria, and by then will remain actress of Chad’s destiny whatever the political system is, from Tombalbaye to Hissène Habré’s reign. France will try to keep its autonomous situation awareness and collect intelligence on the Chadian rebel groups, the Jamariyya, or even its own allies, in order to provide to the political and military decision-makers some keys for understanding and acting. In this new type of warfare, unknown by the French population, intelligence and special actions manage to be fundamental weapons at the core of operational commitment, sensors evolutions, and interagency tensions between the SDECE/DGSE and the other intelligence services. Because France wants to keep its rank in Africa, especially in the Sahelian strip, challenged by the United-States, defying Libya and hampered by the Soviet Union; because it is deeply committed in the internal affairs of Chad, sometimes too deeply; and finally because its adversaries do compel it to an everlasting adaptation of its posture and military capabilities, France will make Chad its focal point in Africa, the laboratory of its future deployments, at the edge between legacy and legitimacy, between conventional and special actions, between raison d’Etat and diplomacy
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Ferdinando, Peter J. "Atlantic Ais in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Maritime Adaptation, Indigenous Wrecking, and Buccaneer Raids on Florida’s Central East Coast". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1791.
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The Ais were a Native American group who lived along the Atlantic shoreline of Florida south of Cape Canaveral. This coastal population’s position adjacent to a major shipping route afforded them numerous encounters with the Atlantic world that linked Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and the Americas. Through their exploitation of the goods and peoples from the European shipwrecks thrown ashore, coupled with their careful manipulation of other Atlantic contacts, the Ais polity established an influential domain in central east Florida during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
The pre-contact peoples of Florida’s east coast, including the ancestors of the Ais, practiced a maritime adaptation concentrated on the exploitation of their bountiful riverine, estuarine, and marine environments. The Ais then modified their maritime skills to cope with the opportunities and challenges that accompanied European contact. Using their existing aquatic abilities, they ably salvaged goods and castaways from the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch vessels dashed on the rocks and reefs of Florida’s coast. The Ais’ strategic redistribution of these materials and peoples to other Florida Native Americans, the Spaniards of St. Augustine, and other passing Europeans gained them greater influence. This process, which I call indigenous wrecking, enabled the Ais to expand their domain on the peninsula.
Coastal Florida Native Americans’ maritime abilities also attracted the attention of Europeans. In the late seventeenth century, English buccaneers and salvagers raided Florida’s east coast to capture indigenous divers, whom they sent to work the wreck of a sunken Spanish treasure ship located in the Bahamas. The English subsequently sold the surviving Native American captives to other Caribbean slave markets.
Despite population losses to such raids, the Ais and other peoples of the east coast thrived on Atlantic exchange and used their existing maritime adaptation to resist colonial intrusions until the start of the eighteenth century. This dissertation thus offers a narrative about Native Americans and the Atlantic that is unlike most Southeastern Indian stories. The Ais used their maritime adaptation and the process of indigenous wrecking to engage and exploit the arriving Atlantic world. In the contact era, the Ais truly became Atlantic Ais.
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Crawford, David Brian. "Counter-revolution in Virginia : patriot response to Dunmore's emancipation proclamation of November 7, 1775". Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864903.
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In mid-November, 1775, Lord Dunmore last Royal Governor of Virginia attempted to enlist the support of rebel owned slaves to crush Patriot resistance to Great Britain. This study examines the slaveholders' response to Dunmore's actions. Virginia's slaveholders fought a counter-revolution in order to maintain traditional race relations in the colony. Patriot propaganda portrayed Dunmore as a race traitor, who became symbolically more "black" than white. Slaveholders characterized Dunmore as a rebel, a madman, and a sexual deviant - stereotypes normally given to slaves by their "masters." Since Dunmore threatened to destroy the defining institution of slavery, planters sought to salvage their identities by defending the paternalistic philosophy and racist assumptions upon which slave society was based. Planters overwhelmingly became Patriots to protect slavery.Department of History
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Watson, Shevaun E. "Unsettled Cities: Rhetoric and Race in the Early Republic". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1083347555.
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Bishop, Meghan Linsley. "Slave to Freewoman and Back Again: Kitty Payne and Antebellum Kidnapping". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1009.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2007.Title from screen (viewed June 11, 2007). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-118).
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"The nineteenth century slave family in rural Louisiana: its household and community structure". Tulane University, 1985.
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Historians have had much to say about the slave family of the nineteenth century South; it has been the focus of a lively debate for nearly three decades, much of it over the relative stability or instability of the black family under slavery and the degree to which it was matrifocal. They have not, however, utilized to a large degree in reference to the United States slave community and its household and family development the kinds of analytical procedures popularized by the Cambridge Group in England and employed internationally by demographic historians This dissertation presents a study of household composition among rural slaves of Louisiana. The first chapter approximates slave organizational structure through the construction of a model to which other slave populations can be contrasted. This model is based on a sample of 155 slave communities form 1810-1865, representing 10,329 slaves residing in major slaveholding parishes. The records, generally inventories, were gathered from archives, parish records, and private collections. The primary criterion in the selection of communities for the sample was that a firm indication of family and household divisions was provided. The lists were transcribed, computerized, and analyzed according to standard definitions of family household types and the various subcategories within those types. The results of the experiment were further described according to variations existing among the sampled communities according to time, place, and size The major objective of this study was to determine the structure of a large number of Louisianans in bondage, but statistical analysis alone could not provide information on the dynamics of change within these communities except in broad outline. Only an intensive study of several slave communities over time could assess the developmental patterns which are inevitably reflected in domestic arrangements. The latter section of the dissertation is composed of three in-depth case studies of Louisiana slave communities and analyzes how their household structures developed and changed according to internal and external factors. The conclusion summarizes the findings emanating from the larger statistical study and the case studiesacase@tulane.edu
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Connolly, David Hugh Jr. "A question of honor: State character and the Lower South's defense of the African slave trade in Congress, 1789--1807". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/22201.
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The vehement defense of the African slave trade by Georgia and South Carolina in United States Congress during the trade's constitutionally protected period cannot be fully explained by a Lower South planter concern for the security of slavery. Honor and state character were critical considerations in shaping the arguments raised by Lower South representatives in defense of African importation. Accordingly, the debates were as much about honor and character as they were protection of slavery.
Because of importation, antitrade congressmen attacked the Lower South's character as inconsistent with purported American ideals and republican values. Georgia and South Carolina representatives struggled to reconcile the trade with honorable conduct and the evolving American character by crafting constructions of republicanism, the United States Constitution, and American character that protected state reputation within the national community embodied by the Congress.
The Lower South's proffered interpretations of republicanism, the Constitution, and American character sought to minimize the trade as an appropriate standard by which to judge South Carolina and Georgia. The trade was consistent with republican values as access to slaves was the only means by which the two states could develop their economies and thus gain sufficient economic independence to maintain their equality with the other states. Moreover, this productivity benefited the young nation as a whole through the export of its slave-based agricultural products to world markets.
Lower South representatives argued that the region could not be disparaged morally for importation as the Constitution guaranteed that privilege. They saw anti-trade forces' attacks on moral grounds as an attempt to invest the Constitution with moral standards external to that document which were inappropriate to judging a member of the union by the federal government or other states. The rights provided by the Constitution were the only ones by which the region could be judged with regard.
Georgia and South Carolina possessed an American character in spite of slave importation. Each had participated in the American Revolution and otherwise contributed to the country's well-being. Lower South representatives focused on patriotism and loyalty as the fundamental criteria by which the region should be judged.
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Thango, Linda Thokozile. "Scratching where it itches in the autobiographies of Harriet Jacob's incidents in the life of a slave girl and Bhanu Kapil's Schizophrene". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24470.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Johannesburg, 2017Set within a revisionist and feminist context, this thesis seeks to draw parallels in the autobiographical texts of Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) written by an African American ex-enslaved and Schizophrene (2011) penned by Bhanu Kapil, a British born Asian American, a descendant of a generation that live (d) through/with ‘what happened in a particular country on a particular day in August 14th 1947’ (Quaid). These literary representations will constitute the corpus of this research paper as it attempts to examine how these autobiographies draw attention to and break the notion of prevailing dominant geographies of oppression. In both texts, the authors juxtapose appropriation and hegemony with an alternative literary geographic narrative that seeks to recuperate the liminal (black) body and psyche. This research paper will seek to explore the multiple and interrelated ways in which both authors employ certain strategic mechanisms to re-appropriate tools of social power, thus exposing the frailties of their respective oppressive histories by disrupting their continued, albeit imagined stronghold on them. In employing their autobiographies as anthropological arsenals, these authors seem to demonstrate the manner in which history has attempted through its numerous sites of oppression not only to construct black victims and mere black bodies but also to un-write and evacuate its untidiness. These autobiographies will be employed to reconstruct and re-imagine the authors but symbolically the collective black body as more than objects but rather as humans with subjectivities and self-assertion. The paper further seeks to understand how these autobiographies tend to a vicious past of slavery and partition and how they translate these memories, remembering the depth of their experiences whilst also being haunted by their contemporary echoes. An accent will be given to the ambivalence, perversions and anxieties of these autobiographies.
XL2018
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Oduwobi, Oluyomi Abayoni. "Representations of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade in selected contemporary narratives". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/746.
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Hollett, Mark. "The study of Washington, DC as an embodiment of national identity and a design proprosal for a slave memorial on the National Mall". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4965.
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The National Mall in Washington DC has become an “encyclopaedia of American history,” however conspicuous in its absence, is the history of African American slavery upon which this national artifact was built. Slavery may not be cause for celebration as one of America`s proudest moments, however its history is critical to understanding the history of America and why the deep-seated antagonism between the races continues to exist within its very core.
The purpose of the thesis is to focus on this aspect of American history in order to design an appropriate memorial that would satisfy this gap between this history and its recognition on the National Mall. Secondly, the slave memorial intends to honour the victims of slavery who have been largely ignored, trivialized, or misrepresented by the few memorials in Washington that claim to address their memory.
A major portion of this thesis constitutes a mapping of the memorials and monuments of Washington DC in an attempt to understand how the capital has come to embody the “national identity” of the United States.
The thesis also contains a summarized history of slavery and racial tension in the United States. This material is included in the thesis in order to remind us of the depth and seriousness of the history that the slave memorial must address through its built, architectural form.
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Hogges, Genithia Lilia. "Spirituals and their interpretation, from slavery to 1970". Thesis, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14246.
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Why is it that "Steal Away" is better known than "Jesus on the Waterside?" This question can only be answered by examining the history of how Spirituals were brought to the attention of audiences beyond the plantation. Negro Spirituals began as a folk music tradition and were later developed into concert music for performance. Along the way, this genre was described, notated, catalogued, studied, and arranged by individuals from various ideological perspectives, which led to the following questions and debates:
1. Can African Americans produce beautiful music?
2. Why do African Americans sing?
3. Are African Americans content to await freedom in Heaven?
4. Are the Spirituals original compositions or imitations of European music?
5. Are the Spirituals a source of dignity or shame?
6. What can contemporary society learn from the message of the Spirituals?
7. How should the Spirituals be performed?
The debates that most directly affected the canon of Spirituals are the final three questions, which originated among African Americans after emancipation and were especially influential at freedmen schools in the South, where the tradition of singing Spirituals as concert music was established.
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MEYER, Claus K. "King cotton and Krautjunker order, power and violence on slave plantations in Antebellum South Carolina and on noble estates in the Old Prussian East Elbian Kurmark". Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14486.
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Defence date: 26 April 2010Examining Board: Prof. Michael G. Müller (Martin-Luther-Universität) – Supervisor; Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt (EUI); Prof. Orville Vernon Burton (Coastal Carolina University); Prof. Rolf Petri (Università Cà Foscari)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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Harvey, Daniel Stephen. "The biopolitics of life at sea, or, Toward a theory of maritime exception". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2814.
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The maritime space of ships is more often developed as a metaphor than critically
investigated. Abstract fantasies of global flows and fluid motions ignore the material
histories of ships, which often involve the capture of individuals and populations within
networks of legal and extra-legal power. Standing as an exception to the bounded
geographies of nation-states, ocean space lies beyond any single sovereign’s power; the
passengers of ships are subject to multiple forms of biopower, wielded by diverse actors.
I examine three ship-spaces—British slave ships, the migrant ship Komagata Maru, and
Disney’s cruise ships—to tease out the techniques of biopower at work through them,
exposing the ways in which passengers are made to live and rendered dead. Drawing on
the work of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben, I argue that the exceptional
suspension of law at sea is integral to the rule of law on land.
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Nyhuis, Jeremiah E. ""A field lately ploughed" : the expressive landscapes of gender and race in the antebellum slave narratives of Frederick Douglass and William Grimes". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3628.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The complicated state wherein ex-slaves found themselves, as depicted in the narratives of Bibb, Jacobs, and others, problematizes the dualistic relationship between North and South that the genre’s structural components work to enforce, forging an odyssey that, although sometimes still spiritual in nature, does not offer the type of resolutions that might easily persuade fellow slaves to abandon their masters and seek a similarly ambiguous identity in the so-called “free” land of the North. For blacks and especially fugitive slaves, such restrictive legal provisions provided an “uncertain status” where, writes William Andrews, “the definition of freedom for black people remained open.” In those slave narratives that dare to depict the limits of liberty in the North, this “open” status is particularly reflected in the texts’ discursive terrain itself, which portends a series of candid observations and brutal details that actively work to deconstruct any sort of mythological pattern associated with the slave narrative genre, thereby offering a more expansive view of the experience for most fugitive slaves. The Life of William Grimes, a particularly frank and brutal diary of a man’s trials within and without slavery, is one such slave narrative, depicting a journey that, while more consistent with the general experience of ex-slaves in the antebellum U.S., often works outside the parameters of traditional, straight-forward slave narratives like Douglass’s. “I often was obliged to go off the road,” Grimes admits at one point in his autobiography, and although his remark refers to the cautious path he must tread as a fugitive slave, it might just as well describe the thematic and structural characteristics of his open-ended autobiography. Reputedly the first fugitive slave narrative, the publication of Grimes’s Life in 1825 initiated the beginning of a genre whose path had not yet been forged, which likely contributed to its fluid nature. At the time of his narrative’s publication, Grimes’s self-expressed testimony of injustice under slavery was about five years ahead of its time; it wouldn’t be until the 1830s that the U.S. antislavery movement would begin to consciously seek out ex-slaves to testify to their experience in bondage. Once this literary door was open, however, antislavery sentiment became for many early African American authors “a ready forum” for self-expression. Whereas in twenty years’ time Douglass would take full advantage of this opportunity by drawing inspiration from a number of already established narratives, Grimes as an author found himself singularly “off the road” and essentially alone in new literary territory, uncannily reflecting his sense of alienation and helplessness in the North after escaping from slavery aboard a cargo ship in 1815.